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Climent-Gil, Emilio. "Abordando la complejidad. Vulnerabilidad y riesgo en la gestión de impactos sociales de las intervenciones sobre el medio". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/113527.
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El problema de investigación que sustenta esta tesis por compendio de publicaciones gravita en la idea de que el influjo del enfoque tecnocrático y positivista dominante en el ejercicio de las EIA y EIS actuales – y que la perspectiva constructivista no ha logrado resolver-, provoca una serie de profundas carencias en la gestión social de las intervenciones planificadas como planteamiento. A partir del establecimiento de las dificultades subyacentes al enfoque tecnocrático como problema de investigación, esta subyacentes al enfoque tecnocrático como problema de investigación, esta tesis trata de afrontar desde la reflexividad sociológica los siguientes objetivos: 1.-Realizar un análisis crítico de la aproximación a la dimensión social del enfoque dominante de las EIS y EIA de las intervenciones sobre el medio desde una perspectiva paradigmática (axiología, ontología, epistemología y metodología). Concretamente aspira a: 2.- Establecer un diagnóstico de las consecuencias que posee la realización de los procesos de evaluación de las intervenciones desde el enfoque tecnocrático y positivista en relación con el tratamiento a través del análisis crítico de la aproximación a la dimensión social realizada desde el enfoque tecnocrático de la evaluación de impacto. 3.-Resolver las limitaciones detectadas mediante el desarrollo de propuestas teórico-conceptuales y metodológicas en el marco de varios casos de estudio. Específicamente pretender ahondar en las causas profundas generadoras de la desigual distribución de los riesgos e impactos entre los grupos humanos afectados a través de la introducción sistemática del enfoque de la vulnerabilidad social EIS. Asimismo, la introducción de este enfoque perseguirá proporcionar elementos conceptuales y metodológicos que faciliten la integración de la dialéctica entre procesos estructurales y capacidad de agencia en el análisis de impacto. Articular una propuesta metodológica que permita el análisis de las complejas relaciones de casualidad e interdependencias entre las redes sociales, económicas y ambientales desde el enfoque holístico y sistémico. Desarrollar, desde el marco de la transdisciplinariedad, una propuesta metodológica que posibilite la adecuada integración de la dimensión social de los procesos de evaluación.
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Zícha, Jan. "Poprojektová analýza větrných elektráren". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259909.
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This diploma thesis deals with the topic of wind power plants and environmental impact assessment. The first part it describes the issue by the method of literature review. It focuses especially on the issue of wind power, the EIA process and post-project analysis. This thesis analyzes existing methodological approaches of EIA evaluation in the Czech Republic and transboundary context.
The second part handles with the specific case study of post-project analysis of the wind park Strážný Vrch Nová Ves v Horách with emphasis on checking compliance with the conditions contained in the EIA review and its integration into follow-up documentation and operation of the project. The work also formulates methodological principles for EIA wind power plants in the Czech Republic and evaluating the impact of wind turbines on the environment.
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Mbhele, Precious Mbalenhle. "The quality of EIA reports for housing developments in the Nkangala district of the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa / Precious Mbalenhle Mbhele". Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4448.
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South Africa and other countries are using Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as one of the Environmental management tools. The EIA process is reliant on the information presented in the Environmental Impact Report (EIR).
The quality of information supplied by the developers in the EIR, plays an integral role in the whole decision making process done by the authorities; to approve and disapprove the EIR. If approved, a record of decision (ROD) is issued to the developers stipulating the conditions that they must adhere to, during the implementation of the project
Using the South African modified Lee Colley review package this dissertation presents the results of research done on the assessment of quality of the EIR's for housing development in the Nkangala district of Mpumalanga province.
The results reveal that 73% of Environmental Impact Reports of housing developments in the Nkangala district are of satisfactory quality. However, there were some omissions and inadequacies on alternatives and mitigation which are discussed in detail in this dissertation. The dissertation ends with a conclusion and recommendations.Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Janků, Kristýna. "Principy EIA golfových hřišť". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259910.
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This thesis deals with the principles of assessment impact of golf courses on the environment. The process of assessing the impact of project on the environment (EIA) is an integral part of the permission procedures for building permits. Each intention is different and must be assessed differently. Because of all the sports that have their sphere of activity on the free surface of the earth has golf probably the strongest interaction with the environment, the construction of golf courses is very hot topic among experts and the general public. This study aims to evaluate of EIA process at the two golf courses and the experience gained from the EIA process to formulate principles for the assessment of golf courses on the environment. An integral part of the work is an analysis of the EIA notification and control in unity of prediction in notification with the actual situation. On the based of achieved experience and the gained data it is possible to generalize the principles of EIA process for similar intention.
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Filho, José Francisco do Prado. "O processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) de projetos e empreendimentos minerais como um instrumento de gestão ambiental: estudo de casos no Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-05112015-145339/.
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No Brasil, a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), devido a exigência legal e por estar vinculada ao sistema de licenciamento ambiental, é o instrumento/procedimento de gestão ambiental mais conhecido. Porém somente após a publicação da Resolução CONAMA 001/86 é que a AIA, por meio da elaboração do EIA/RIMA e sua análise e discussão, passou efetivamente a ser implementada. Apesar de existirem exemplos de aplicação bem sucedida do processo, verifica-se que os resultados esperados não têm sido satisfatórios para o que se pretende com ele. Falhas tanto na elaboração dos EIAs como na condução das demais fases da AIA têm sido verificadas. Empresários vêem o processo de AIA, principalmente a elaboração do EIA/RIMA, como empecilho legal e burocrático. Enfim, têm-se verificado deficiências na condução, na eficácia da AIA e naquilo que se pretende com esse instrumento de política pública, que é a busca da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento. Alguns o enxergam, inclusive, como um processo falido. Diante desse quadro, o presente trabalho buscou, principalmente com base em documentos disponíveis no órgão ambiental estadual e em informações obtidas junto às empresas, avaliar a eficácia da AIA como instrumento de gerenciamento ambiental junto de empreendimentos minerais localizados no Quadrilátero Ferrífero de Minas Gerais. Os resultados permitem observar, apesar das deficiências verificadas no seu desenvolvimento, que a AIA em função da gestão ambiental foi mais eficaz em alguns casos que em outros, porém em nenhum deles teve desempenho nulo. As principais falhas verificadas estão na análise dos impactos ambientais do projeto, na fragilidade dos levantamentos de dados de base relacionados ao plano de monitoramento e na condução dos planos de monitoramento. Para os empreendedores, a AIA pouco se relaciona com a pretensa certificação ambiental do empreendimento e unanimemente todos consideram, principalmente, a elaboração da AIA como apenas uma exigência para o licenciamento ambiental do empreendimento.In Brazil, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a legal requirement and has being linked to the environmental licensing system. In addition, the EIA has been the most well known tool of environmental management. However, just after the approval of CONAMA Resolution 001/86, the EIA has been implemented through the elaboration of the EIA/RIMA report, its analysis and discussion. Although there are examples of wellsucceed process application, most of the results have been unsatisfactory. This is a consequence of errors both in the EIA\'s design and application.Many entrepreneurs have considered the EIA process, mainly the EIA/RIMA report, as a legal and bureaucratic constraint. Some see it as a tool with a failed process. In fact, a series of deficiencies have compromised the EIA efficiency, the results are expected from its application, and the search for environmental sustainability. Considering the situation described above, the present studies have the objective of evaluating the EIA efficiency as an environmental managing tool in mining companies of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Most of the basic information was obtained from the governmental environmental agency and the mining companies referred to above. The results of this work have allowed to conclude that the EIA, due to different environmental managing effort, has been more efficient in some cases than in others. Nonetheless, no null result was detected. Main deficiencies of the process reside in the analysis of the project environmental impacts, in the fragility of the field data, on the conduction of the monitoring plan, and the way those data are archived. According to the entrepreneurs, the EIA is poorly related to the environmental certification of the project, all of them consider the EIA application just a legal requirement for the project licensing.
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Barkeloo, Jason T. "Investigation of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Absorption in Warm Rb Vapor by Application of a Magnetic Field and Co-propagating Single Linearly Polarized Light Beam". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1343962472.
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Fonseca, Izabel Aparecida Zimermann. "Uma Revisão dos IEA/RIMA sobre Manguezais". Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-23112011-143025/.
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Os conceitos e técnicas que envolvem a caracterização dos bosques de mangue são amplamente conhecidos e utilizados em diversas pesquisas, teses e relatórios técnicos elaborados para distintas finalidades, seja com o intuito de identificar e descrever o bosque, acompanhar a evolução de impactos ou ainda apontar áreas prioritárias para o gerenciamento ambiental. Entretanto há uma grande carência de informações sobre como o manguezal é estudado para efeito de elaboração de EIA/RIMA. Assim, com o objetivo de identificar qual a abordagem utilizada nesses documentos para análise de áreas de mangue e registrar se os mesmos adotam os conceitos e técnicas usuais de pesquisa para esse ecossistema, o presente estudo consiste em uma revisão de oito EIA/RIMA referentes a regiões litorâneas do Estado de São Paulo. Como não existe um procedimento técnico que propicie a discussão do estudo dos manguezais no contexto da elaboração de EIA/RIMA, foi necessário delinear um procedimento de investigação que se adequasse a presente proposta. Os levantamentos de informações contidas nos EIA/RIMA basearam-se na metodologia recomendada para estudo dos manguezais. Os diagnósticos foram classificados quanto a natureza dos dados apresentados em primários e secundários, e quanto a sua tipologia em qualitativos ou quantitativos. Nos prognósticos foram identificadas e comparadas as bases empíricas e/ou conceituais usadas, bem como os tipos de monitoramento e medidas mitigadoras propostas. Verificou-se que os diagnósticos dos manguezais são predominantemente baseados em dados primários e secundários qualitativos, ou seja, a ocorrência de medidas de campo são raras. Os prognósticos caracterizam-se basicamente pelo uso de medidas qualitativas. Somente um EIA/RIMA apresentou proposta de monitoramento em área de manguezal.
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Králová, Tereza. "Posuzování vlivů na životní prostředí (EIA) v právu EU". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-135385.
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The main goal of this diploma thesis, called Environmental impact assessment (EIA) in european law, is to explain the procedure of environmental impact assessment. Emphasis of this diploma thesis is placed on legislation dealing with the environmental impact assessment and its development. The diploma thesis is divided into five chapters, further it contains the introduction, the conclusion, the list of abbreviation, the list of pictures, attachement and the list of literature. Chapter one defines the environmental impact assessment itself and distinguishes the project (EIA) and strategic (SEA) assessment. Chapter two describes the international law concerning the environmental impact assessment. The most important part of this diploma thesis is chapter three, which contains the analysis of european and czech legislation regarding to the environmental impact assessment. The czech legislation is then compared to legislation of other member states of the EU. Chapter four characterizes the procedure of environmental impact assessment within the Natura 2000. Chapter five analyses the case Temelín with respect to environmental impact assessment.
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Davidson, Jeanne. "The contribution of EIA to decision making: a critical analysis of EIA refusals in South Africa / Jeanne Davidson". Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9166.
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The effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment process has been questioned by its critics both locally and internationally, as there is a perception that EIA process is merely a rubber stamping exercise. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not the relevant provincial authorities in South Africa have issued EIA refusals and if so what the main reasons for refusal were. Both Basic Assessment and full EIA processes were considered.
Access to the EIA refusals from the various provincial environmental departments and environmental consultants was limited. Only seventeen EIA refusals were received after extended requests over a 12-month period, after which each of these were analysed. The reasons for the EIA refusals encountered in this study have been categorised into seventeen sub-classes relating to the following environmental issues: site location, socio-economics, land use/zoning, lack of justification, Spatial Development Framework (SDF), biodiversity, incompleteness of information, legislation discouraging development, visual/noise impacts, lack of alternatives, services issues, cumulative effects, groundwater, waste, specialist studies, gross non-compliance and air pollution. It is important to note that an EIA application could potentially have more than one screening trigger, and therefore it is possible that the percentages explained in this study can add up to more than 100%.
The highest number of the EIA refusals’ screening triggers (8 of 17 = 47.06%) were found to be due to the transformation and rezoning of undeveloped or vacant land, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) of those particular EIA refusals were attributed to applications for residential development. Biodiversity and ecological sensitivity of the site location, as well as construction of infrastructure were next on the scale, with three (17.65%) EIA refusal screening triggers each. Finally, concentration of animals for production and storing and handling of hazardous substances both had two (11.76%) screening triggers. Only one EIA refusal did not include any substantive reasons for refusal and was refused on purely procedural grounds. The lack of justification of the development, lack of technical information and inadequate alignment with future spatial planning also constituted reasons for negative authorisations.
From the results it was evident that although it is usually the procedural issues that hinder EIA, this study encountered many substantive issues, making up the majority of the reasons for EIA refusal here. This goes against international opinion that EIAs are usually turned down due to lack of adherence to process. Other findings from this study of particular interest include that no database is maintained for the number and reasons of EIA refusals that are processed, only for those that are authorised. It was also found that there were provinces that have never issued an EIA refusal. Furthermore, it was interesting to note that the reasons given in the findings for the analysed EIA refusals did not necessarily correlate with the screening triggers.Thesis (Master of Environmental Sciences)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Bereišaitė, Rasa. "Poveikio aplinkai vertinimo Kauno regione procedūrų ir visuomenės dalyvavimo jose analizė". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100614_085004-19195.
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Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad realus visuomenės dalyvavimas Lietuvoje atliekamose poveikio aplinkai vertinimo (PAV) procedūrose iki šiol mažai nagrinėtas, buvo atlikta Kauno regione vykdytų poveikio aplinkai vertinimo procedūrų ir visuomenės dalyvavimo jose analizė. Tyrimo metu buvo išanalizuota visi Kauno regione 2005-2009 m. pateikti poveikio aplinkai vertinimo proceso dokumentai, nustatytas visuomenės dalyvavimas juose, taip pat buvo atlikta apklausa, kurios metu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti, pasyvaus visuomenės dalyvavimo priežastis. Atlikus Lietuvos Respublikos Poveikio aplinkai vertinimo įstatymų ir poįstatyminių teisės aktų analizę nustatyta, jog Lietuvoje yra sudarytos ES reikalavimus atitinkančios visuomenės dalyvavimo PAV procese sąlygos. Visuomenės dalyvavimo PAV procedūrose aktyvumas yra labai mažas: 2005-2009 m. visuomenė pareiškė savo nuomonę tik dėl 1,9-3,1 % vykdytų projektų atrankų dėl PAV būtinumo procedūrų; PAV programos rengimo procese, kur visuomenė gali daryti didžiausią įtaką visam PAV procesui, motyvuotų pasiūlymų iš viso nebuvo sulaukta; Supažindinimo su PAV ataskaita metu visuomenė nebuvo aktyvi ir motyvuotų pasiūlymų buvo sulaukta tik vienai 2007 m. parengtai ataskaitai dėl žvyro ir smėlio telkinio eksploatacijos. Visuomenės ir kitų PAV proceso dalyvių informavimas apie PAV eigą tik formalus, kadangi skelbimai laikraščiuose dažniausiai yra labai mažo formato, įdėti mažiausiai skaitomuose laikraščio puslapiuose, pateikta informacija ne visuomet informatyvi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]In Kaunas region there has been made the analysis about the procedures of estimation of the effect on environment and society’s participation in it concerned with only a few cases of it having been analyzed. In this analysis there has been analyzed all the documents of the process of the effect on environment estimation that were received in 2005-2009 years in Kaunas. In the analysis there is defined the participation of society in this process, and also the testing has been made. It was tried to solve the reasons of passive participation of the society in the process of estimation of the effect on environment. The results of the analysis of Lithuania Republic Statute of Estimation of the effect on environment and the deeds of law have shown that in Lithuania there are all the conditions for the society to participate in this process, and all the conditions are defined by European Union requirements. The activity of the society’s participation in this process is very low: in 2005-2009 years the society expressed its opinion only about 1, 9- 3, 1 % of the selection of the projects that has been carried out in case to solve the necessity of the procedures. In the process of preparation of those procedures, in which the society can make the biggest influence to all the process, there has been received no motivate propositions. In the introduction of this process report to society, it was not active, there was only one motivate proposal to the report of the exploitation of sand... [to full text]
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Váňová, Lucie. "Poprojektová analýza dálničního spojení v koridoru Tábor - Soběslav". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260625.
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Post-project analysis is a key instrument which verifies predictive ability of EIA process. It plays probably the most important role in the improvement of efficiency and usefulness of this process. The main objective of this thesis is the own analysis of the D3 highway connection Tábor - Soběslav and underline the importance of a prost-project monitoring in the sense of terrestrial construction.
Thesis is focused on the evaluation of the whole EIA process and verifies if and how the EIA conditions are fulfilled. The monitoring of water quality and appraisal of the present traffic situation in the examined area shows us the present state compared with the predictive ability of EIA process. In spite of a weak cooperation of involved subjects was confirmed how insignificant and small role plays the prost-project analysis in Czech Republic yet.
With setting up the secondary targets was achieved complex understanding and implementation of the post-project analysis.Results of this thesis could be used as methodical instrucitons for another post-project analysis with similar focus.
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Muchová, Kamila. "Poprojektová analýza řešení silničního obchvatu Vamberka". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263014.
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Transportation is a sector that is currently experiencing a great deal of development. Project realization and subsequent operations on a newly built structures may impact various parts of environment.
This thesis is inspecting the post-project analysis of the Vamberk motorway bypass. It is focused mainly on the comparison of the EIA pre-project impact predictions and the actual post-project aftermaths.
The objective is to examine the EIA process and the assessment of the EIA documentation. Furthermore, the road situation of the Vamberk is evaluated based on the traffic intensity data.
The first part of this thesis explains the general concepts associated with the aforementioned issue. The second part describes the characteristics of the examided area - Vamberk and sorroundings. Finally, the process of post-project analysis is described in the methodical section. This section describes the process used in EIA documentation assessment, means by which EIA-based condition performance is evaluated and lastly it presents the statements of subjects involved.
Gathered data were compiled into a generalized methodical recommendations for use in further post-project analyses, as no uniform framework for this purpose exists
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Lawrence, David P. "Renewing the EIA planning process". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21363.pdf.
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Krump, Martin. "Posuzování vlivů realizace podnikatelského záměru malého a středního podniku na životní prostředí". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-430.
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V posledních letech se v České republice značně navýšil počet investic a bylo realizováno velké množství podnikatelských záměrů. Právě proto je problematika zahájení podnikání, kterou se tato práce zabývá, velice aktuální. Diplomová práce se zabývá snad nejchoulostivější stránkou podnikatelských záměrů nejen malých a středních podniků, za kterou lze považovat vliv na životní prostředí. Hlavním cílem této práce je vypracování tzv. Oznámení podle zákona č. 100/2001 Sb, o posuzování vlivů na životní prostředí pro společnost GUM-TEC, s. r. o. a předložit jej ke schválení v procesu EIA příslušnému úřadu.
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Borkovec, Martin. "Poprojektová analýza řešení dálničního obchvatu Plzně". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260520.
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First part of diploma thesis outlines road transport, its development and social significance. It describes issues of road transport in relationship to environment and influence on human health. It further informs about process of assessment influences on environment (EIA) and about post-project analysis of influences to environment. Discusses goals and issues within these two interdependent processes.
Second part is focused on the city Pilsen itself and its constructed motorway bypass. It evaluates efficiency of applied measures moderating negativ impact of construction on evironment and human health. Further examines efficiency of motorway bypass, if it fulfilled its purpose. So, whether managed divert significant part of transport from motorway D5 outside city Pilsen. Other area of research is noise and emission ballast around previous motorway route through the city Pilsen.
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Jordaan, Ilse. "Environmental impact assessment follow–up in South Africa : critical analysis of predictions and compliance for the Mooi River Mall case study / Ilse Jordaan". Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4635.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is recognised worldwide as a tool for identifying the
potential adverse effects of a proposed development on the environment. Very little attention
has been given to determining the actual environmental effects resulting from a development.
The need for EIA follow–up (i.e. monitoring, auditing, evaluation, management and
communication) was identified and would form the building blocks within the EIA process.
Follow–up provides information about the consequences of an activity and presents
opportunities to implement adequate mitigation measures. EIA follow–up is not developed to its
full potential even though the need for it is acknowledged and supported in legislation, scientific
journals and scientific books. EIA follow–up necessitates feedback in the EIA process to ensure
lessons learnt and outcomes from past experiences can be applied in future actions. Follow–up
is only a legal requirement if conditions are specified in the environmental authorisation (EA).
Of particular concern to follow–up is the accuracy of prediction and secondly, the level of
compliance to conditions set out in the authorization and management plans. This study will
focus primarily on critically analysing predictions and compliance from the construction phase of
a high profile mega shopping mall project, namely the Mooi River Mall (MRM), with an analysis
to gauge the actual effect and contribution of the EIA process to decision making and
implementation practices. Multiple data sources were used to determine the accuracy of
predictions and legal compliance level of the Mooi River Mall.
The Mooi River Mall's accuracy of predictions (66%) and legal compliance (83%) suggest that
some of the impacts were unavoidable; that mitigation measures were either not implemented
or identified or that EIA follow–up served its purpose in the form of implementing effective
auditing programmes to monitor legal compliance.Thesis (M.Sc (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Choga, Faith. "Post-EIA monitoring and WebTAG objectives: A review of selected road projects in UK". Thesis, KTH, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95425.
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Roads are an important part of the infrastructure of any country, as they facilitate the transportation of goods and people. The UK has got a good road network but has a low motorway density compared to other European countries. The High-ways Agency has a programme to improve the road network, mainly to ease con-gestion. To ensure the sustainability of road projects the UK government has set guidelines and standards that have to be met. These are the criteria used to ap-praise road projects for which EIA is a significant input. This paper seeks to find the connection between the transport appraisal objectives and post-EIA monitor-ing. The study was carried out by reviewing EIS and CEMP documents of three road projects in England. A short questionnaire with open questions was also ad-ministered. The results show that monitoring of impacts associated with the re-spective projects was mainly proposed during the construction phase, and for en-vironmental impacts. Social and economic impacts are generally not monitored during and after construction. Whilst post-EIA monitoring of impacts is seldom carried out, monitoring depends on the type of project, construction involved and the location of the project. More research is required in different kinds of projects, and more needs to be done to enforce ongoing monitoring after the EIA to sup-port the POPE exercise.
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Karlson, Mårten. "Ecology, Transport Infrastructure and Environmental Assessment". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123562.
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Transport infrastructure has a wide array of effects on ecological processes. These effects benefit certain species and might enhance or accelerate ecological processes such as colonization and dispersal, but as well extinction. The overall impact on biodiversity is however negative and several authors conclude transport infrastructure to have detrimental effects on terrestrial and aquatic communities. Planning and construction of transport infrastructure is in the EU to be preceded by an environmental assessment process, with the overall aim to prevent rather than repair potential unintended negative effects. This thesis presents two studies on transport infrastructure effects on biodiversity in the context of environmental assessment. The first study reviewed how and how sufficiently biodiversity aspects were accounted for in environmental assessment of transport infrastructure projects and plans, and identified opportunities to improve concurrent practice. The first study concluded that the treatment of biodiversity aspects has improved over the years, but that the low use of quantitative impact assessment methods, the treatment of fragmentation and spatial and temporal delimitation of the impact assessment study area remain problematic. The second study assessed the impact of the Swedish road network on biodiversity by use of existing landscape ecological metrics and GIS. The second study reconnects to the shortcomings in environmental assessment practice identified in the first study, by discussing the utility of the method in terms of applicability in environmental assessment processes. The second study identified nature types and species adversely exposed to transport infrastructure effects, and concluded that sound methodologies for biodiversity assessment can be developed using existing tools and techniques. In sum, transport infrastructure influence vast areas of the surrounding landscape, and this is not accounted for in planning and design of new transport infrastructure due to shortcomings in current environmental assessment practice. Existing tools and techniques could be used to address several of these shortcomings, and an increased use of quantitative analysis of transport infrastructure effects on biodiversity would add significantly to the quality of impact predictions and evaluations.QC 20130612
GESP
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Allard, Annika. "Enteric adenovirus type 41 : genome organization and specific detection procedures". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Virologi, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100582.
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Enteric adenoviruses (EAd) types 40 and 41 (Ad40 and Ad41) representing subgenus F, are primary pathogens of children being second only to rotaviruses as the most important cause of infantile diarrhea. The EAds differ from all other adenoviruses in their inability to grow in most conventional established cell lines and have been suggested to be deficient in some early gene functions since they could be complemented by Ad 5 early regions EIA and E1B. In order to search for differences that could explain its characteristic growth restriction, the early regions EIA and E1B of Ad41 (strain D389) were sequenced, analysed and compared with the corresponding regions of Adl2, Ad7, Ad2, and Ad4. As revealed by the analysis of Ad2, three major mRNAs of 9S, 12S and 13S are generated from region EIA. The EIA region of Ad41 encodes two mRNAs corresponding to the 12S and 13S mRNAs. Only the 13S mRNA is transcribed at detectable levels. This mRNA can be translated into a 251 aa putative protein that contains the three highly conserved domains found in all other human adenoviruses and shown to be responsible for many important regulatory functions during infection. The E1B region of Ad41 encodes three transcripts that correspond to 22S, 14S and 9S mRNA of Ad2. No equivalent to the 13S mRNA of Ad2 E1B is found. In addition the Ad41 14S mRNA exhibits an additional exon of 23 bp created by a donor and an acceptor splice sites not desribed for other adenovirus E1B sequences. Due to their growth restriction in conventional cultures, rapid diagnostic procedures developed for the enteric adenovirus infections have mainly been aimed at the detection of viral antigens or nucleic acids. This thesis also describes several procedures developed for the general detection of adenoviruses and specific detection of the enteric types in stools specimens. General and specific hybridization assays were developed by use of two BamHI clones obtained from the EIA region of Ad41. One- and two-step PCR procedures were also developed for the general detection of adenoviruses using primers corresponding to highly conserved sequences within the hexon gene. Subgenus F specific one- and two-step PCRs were developed by using primers located in the Ad41 E1B region. The one-step PCR systems were tested and validated against isolation in tissue culture, DNA restriction enzyme analysis and a commercial latex agglutination test in the study of 60 specimens obtained from children with rotavirus negative diarrhea. The asymptomatic fecal excretion of adenoviruses was evaluated by two-step PCR amplifications on samples from 50 healthy children, 50 healthy adults, and 50 adults suffering from diarrhea. Finally, a simplified procedure for detection, discrimination and typing of EAd was also designed by combining the one-step PCR amplification of the hexon region with the restriction of the 300 bp product.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992
digitalisering@umu
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Schlemmer, Dimitri. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour mesurer les analogues nucléosidiques anti-VIH, leurs métabolites actifs et leur intégration dans l'ADN". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066302.
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Mathebula, Norman. "A case study of the EIA for the Cape Town Film Studio : factors that undermine or underpin EIA effectiveness". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4781.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-100).
This case study is based in South Africaand in particular in the Western Cape province. The case study was reviewed for the purpose of evaluating its EIA effectiveness in which all the EIA stages from project design to follow up were revisited and analysed against criteria for effectiveness.
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Pienaar, Melanie. "The merit of environmental impact assessment for civil engineers in South Africa". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9817.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been successfully adopted in South Africa in line with international trends. A number of international scholars found that EIA offers distinct advantages to a proposed project (Bartik, 1988; Porter & van der Linde, 1995; Annandale & Taplin, 2003). The widespread successful adoption of EIA could be an indication that the benefits of conducting EIAs outweigh the potential economic loss due to delays and costs related to the EIA. However, there are negative perceptions about EIA and its influence on development. But the question is whether South African engineers are experiencing these benefits at project level?
South African civil engineers are faced with the legislative requirements of EIAs on a daily basis. Through a survey of professionally registered civil engineers this research examined the merits that EIA has for civil engineers.
It was found that EIA helps engineers to ensure that they have all the legal aspects of the development in place before the development starts. Furthermore EIA creates the opportunity for the engineers to design out the most significant adverse environmental impacts.
It was found that since the implementation of EIA engineers are observing a shift towards more environmentally sound design alternatives. Therefore, if the EIA process is influencing engineers to review their designs from an environmental point of view, it could significantly minimise environmental impacts. According to engineers it was found that, EIA is assisting them in taking all the potential impacts of a new development into account during the design process. The engineering design normally determines the true environmental impact of a development. According to the respondents, the majority were aware of projects where the design was changed as a result of potential impacts highlighted by the EIA. It was found that for the majority of the respondents the environmental review of the design was a key component of the design process.
According to the engineers that took part in the survey, they were aware of projects where the EIA improved the sustainability of the design by effecting a change to the design or to the construction materials. Since the implementation of EIA they have become more aware of, not only the life cycle, but also the sustainability of the development. EIA is therefore creating awareness about sustainability in the engineering fraternity. The engineers experienced EIA as a useful tool for improving the sustainability of the design.
However, it was found that EIA also caused a significant delay in the majority of the projects where the respondents were involved. The delays were sometimes so severe that it jeopardised the economic feasibility of the projects in question. According to the respondents, the delays are mainly due to slow decision making by the competent authority. Due to this slow decision making process, the engineers blame the competent authority if they start with the construction of the project before authorisation. However, in spite of these delays, the engineers are still of the opinion that EIA is doing more good to the environment than harm to the economy.
It was found that what the majority of the engineers knew about the EIA process was what they had learned from their own experience. They agreed that there was very little focus on environmental sustainability during their undergraduate studies and that EIA training during their undergraduate study would have been useful. But in spite of this, the majority of respondents did not complete any environmental short courses or post graduate studies.
It was found that EIA does in fact have a positive influence on the work of civil engineers and that they experience these benefits at project level. The engineers have a positive attitude towards EIA and it is increasingly influencing their work positively.Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Perez, de Almeida Lucíola. "Análise da efetividade dos estudos ambientais: o caso do complexo induistrial portuário de Suape". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2003. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5808.
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Previous issue date: 2003O trabalho visa analisar os estudos relacionados ao meio ambiente contratados pela empresa Suape, de modo a avaliar a contribuição efetiva dos mesmos na questão ambiental. Para isso, foram analisados os documentos disponíveis elaborados desde a implantação do Complexo Industrial Portuário. A análise realizada constatou que a preocupação com o meio ambiente pela empresa Suape ocorreu desde a concepção do empreendimento. Contudo, verificou-se que, em geral, não houve o cumprimento das recomendações e conclusões dos estudos contratados, isto é, não houve a sua efetiva utilização. Também percebeu-se uma falta de continuidade desses estudos ao longo do tempo. De uma forma geral, percebeu-se que a falta de uma política ambiental orientadora das ações da empresa Suape prejudica a eficiência nessa área. No que diz respeito aos estudos ambientais exigidos pela legislação, constatou-se que, apesar de terem cumprido as exigências de conteúdo estabelecidas por lei, e de terem sido aprovados pelo órgão ambiental, esses instrumentos ainda precisam de fortalecimento político-institucional para que atuem efetivamente na melhoria da qualidade ambiental
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Welman, Coert Nicolaas Jacobus. "Screening of EIA in the Free State Province : a comparative analysis between the 1997 and 2006 EIA Regulations / C.N.J. Welman". Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5075.
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Mohd, Anuar Haslinda. "Environmental rights in Malaysia : public participation under EIA". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3057.
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The objective of this study are: to examine the right of public participation in decision making under EIA law in Malaysia; to examine the existing limitations of public participation in decision making procedures under EIA; to examine the practice of public participation in EIA procedures; to examine public awareness of EIA and its implementation; to assess the importance of constitutional measures supporting public participation in environmental decision-making; and to examine prospects for law reform and changes in EIA law and planning procedures to improve both the level of public participation in EIA and the quality of decision making. This study adopted qualitative research. This involves at least seven data sources, which are Malaysian planning authorities, Departments of Environment (DoE), public in selected affected areas, Malaysian Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), EIA reports, statutes and law cases. The interview method has been used to generate data from the planning authorities, DoE, public and NGOs; and content analysis has been used while examining the EIA reports, statutes and law cases. This study identified significant lack of provision regarding right to access to information, ignorance of the EIA laws as well as its procedures on part of the public, inappropriate structured provision on right to public participation in EIA laws and restricted right to access to justice in environmental matters. It identified five significant limitations to the right to public participation; uncertainty of the EIA procedures and their uncertain legal status, limited access to information on EIA report, strict rule of standing, complexity of federal-state relationship, and lack of awareness among the public in Malaysia. In addition, this study found ignorance of the concept of ‘environmental rights’ on part of the decision makers and the public. This study concludes by highlighting the issues that need further investigation and proposes practical suggestions to the problems.
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Kruger, Reneé. "A critical analysis of the quality of EIA reports for filling stations in South Africa / Kruger R". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7375.
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In order to make decisions to approve filling stations, an environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs
to be conducted and evaluated by the competent authority. Although numerous filling stations have been
authorised for operation, the quality of the EIA reports that form the basis for decision making has never
been evaluated. The evaluation of the quality of EIA reports on filling station developments by means of
an adapted Lee–Colley review package formed the basis of this research. The main conclusion was that
the quality of the EIA reports for filling station developments, as reviewed by the adapted review
package, is generally of a poor standard. This means that a decision to approve a new filling station is
generally based on just enough information to the competent authority. The main deficiencies in the EIA
reports related to site description, cumulative impacts and mitigation measures, while the environment
description, identification of impacts, scoping of impacts, assessment of impact significance and
emphasis (impacts) in the reports were of good quality. The results from the reviewed EIA’s correspond
mostly with the literature on the review of EIA reports.Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Khoshkar, Sara. "Opportunities and challenges for inte-gration of green qualities in the densification of regional cores of Stockholm". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180282.
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Urban densification is claimed to enhance sustainability of cities, with the primary aim of centralizing services and reducing urban land take. Hence, urban densification is expected to reduce car dependencies, facilitate walking, biking and public transport; and protect rural green spaces. However, densification can pose threats to the green spaces and green qualities within urban areas, which is often overlooked in planning. A significant challenge for planners is implementing densification projects while also providing sufficient urban green spaces with green qualities. This paper examines three cases in the Stockholm region, wherein the Stockholm Regional Planning Office has plans to densify, so to reduce social and environmental pressures from the inner Stockholm region. A case study research was conducted with semi-structured interviews, field visits, and literature reviews as the primary means of data collection. This study identified the challenges confronted by municipal planners when incorporating sustainability in planning by enhancing, preserving, or integrating green qualities in the urban densification plans. A few challenges included lack of collaboration, professional barriers, and lack of knowledge on green qualities amongst others. The interviews revealed the use of impact assessment (IA) tools such as EIA and SEA were not being used to their fullest potential when planning for green qualities in the densification plans. This thesis analyzes the findings from the interviews and identifies opportunities to improve IA tools for sustainable planning; thereby developing a framework for using these tools in order to integrate green qualities in the municipal densification projects as well as address the identified challenges.
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Helebrantová, Renata. "Poprojektová analýza Golfového hřiště Beroun". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259911.
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The thesis deals with the issue of post-project analysis within the EIA process. Post-project analysis is one of the most important stages of the EIA process, which allows us to consider the process for good and closed. Evaluates the status of the project and whether its effects correspond to the effects of the expected range and have been complied with measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of the project on the environment. This paper aims to describe the EIA process, including poprojektového evaluating impacts on the golf course Beroun and evaluate to what extent it affects the environment. In the practical part post-project analysis Beroun golf course through the analysis of EIA documentation with evaluation of the effectiveness of implemented measures. To achieve the objective of this work was important to select appropriate indicators for determining post-implementation controls predictions with the actual situation and on the basis of the experience gained and the collected data to develop recommendations for handling post-project analysis similar plans.
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Cavalca, Lucirene Vitória Góes França. "Sistemas de inferência fuzzy para apoio na tomada de decisão em licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos rodoviários /". Sorocaba, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183329.
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Orientador: José Arnaldo Frutuoso RovedaResumo: A Avaliação do Impacto Ambiental tornou-se obrigatória para atividades consideradas efetivas ou potencialmente poluidoras. A experiência e o conhecimento de agentes técnicos para direcionar estudos e medidas para minimizar e / ou mitigar os impactos causados ao meio ambiente é fundamental em um processo que envolve muitas variáveis, como o licenciamento ambiental. O processo de licenciamento ambiental recebe muitas críticas devido a burocracia e morosidade. Estudos e pesquisas para melhorar as etapas do processo vêm sendo apresentados ao longo dos anos, mas ainda há muito a ser investigado e compartilhado, sendo pouco o que é encontrado na literatura que enfoque o desenvolvimento de um procedimento lógico estruturado para apoiar a definição do escopo do estudo mais apropriado caso a caso. Aqui, propõe-se uma metodologia baseada em modelagem fuzzy para apoiar a fase de triagem com intuito de minimizar o tempo e a burocracia existente dentro do processo. Contou-se com a colaboração de especialistas do setor de licenciamento para a construção do modelo e para sua avaliação. Foi utilizado um conjunto de dados com trinta e dois projetos rodoviários, disponibilizados pelo setor de protocolos da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo. O sistema foi aplicado em processos de licenciamento de empreendimentos rodoviários (construção, ampliação e manutenção de rodovias, além de dispositivos, como trevos e alças de acesso) e os resultados obtidos pelo modelo foram comparados com análi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Atoyan, Gayane. "EIA and public participation in development decisions in Armenia". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3300.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Law was adopted in Armenia in 1995.The Law has a mission to control environmental decision-making in the country and comply with the international treaties and conventions ratified by Armenia. The recent rapid developments of environmental hazards in Armenia have raised a concern whether the existing Law is meeting the needs of the country and its citizens. The comparative doctrinal research has been conducted to question the legal provisions, implementation and compliance of the RA EIA Law with International Environmental Treaties, which Armenia is a Party. The comparison of the existing RA EIA Law with similar laws in European Union and the USA was necessary to assess the instrument’s best practice to find out the errors and make possible recommendations for improvement of the environmental governance in the country. In the process of the research work, the RA EIA law was amended in 2014. Therefore, the research had a chance to compare both legal texts and assess their similarities, differences and positive development of the Law. The comparative analysis of all mentioned instruments revealed existing deficiencies of the RA EIA Law and provided further improvement and development recommendations as an outcome of this unique and unprecedented work.
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Franclová, Alena. "Post-projektová analýza v procesu EIA Administrativního centra Pankrác". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260585.
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This diploma thesis evaluates issues of environmental impact assessment, focusing on post-project analysis of the Pankrác administrative center. Follow-up evaluation is one of the most important practice through EIA which can fulfil one's potential. Major contribution is mainly the EIA feedback which will be compared between real and predicted impact. Follow-up will provide knowledge to avoid possible non-conformances in EIA evaluation process in the future. Methodical of this thesis is based on international standards of good practice in EIA follow-up, which should always correspond with the specific circumstances of the project and the specific context. The main principles are results-oriented approach, learning, institutional commitment and responsibility. Meaning of the follow-up is the main research question to evaluate the environmental impact assessment. The thesis evaluates the implementation of the main comments from the various point of views. All opinions, changes and views of all participants must be reviewed in implementation and operation phases of the EIA process. Another sub-section provides a comparison of the noise pollution before and after realization of the project and analytical part concludes evaluate compliance with the general principles of good practice. The results collect comprehensive assessment of the EIA process. The follow-up for Pankrác administrative center was important and it proved that positive cooperation with the investor made processes more effective in the terms of the environmental protection of the area. In the future it would be appropriate to dedicate more effort and time for the follow-up. Especially raising awareness of the existence and positive impact of the entire EIA process and also to protect the environmental and public health.
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Kwan, Ping-chung Benny y 關炳松. "Comprehensive rewiew of Hong Kong's environmental impact assessment (EIA) system". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125889X.
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Lau, Kwok-yee y 劉國儀. "Planning for a quieter environment: is EIA a successful tool?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261103.
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Thakur, Urmila Jha. "EIA follow-up of open cast coal mines in India". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439477.
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Kwan, Ping-chung Benny. "Comprehensive rewiew of Hong Kong's environmental impact assessment (EIA) system /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14803240.
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Morrison-Saunders, Angus Neil. "The influence of EIA on environmental management in Western Australia". Thesis, Morrison-Saunders, Angus Neil (1997) The influence of EIA on environmental management in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3306/.
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An important measure of the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the extent to which it achieves its goals for environmental protection and management. To determine this requires an examination of environmental outcomes for projects that have undergone EIA. The utility of the pre-decision stages of EIA in influencing environmental management outcomes has been well documented by others. It is argued that EIA can also play a useful role in providing for ongoing adaptive environmental management. A theoretical model of the EIA/environmental management relationship is proposed which identifies three stages based on the principal approval decision point; pre-decision, post-decision and transitional; in which the influence of EIA may be realised. Consideration was also given to how environmental management activities came about based on the influence of rational processes, external pressures and internal reform. A methodology for EIA auditing to explore this model is presented. The audit uses a computerised database whose design reflects four distinct EIA components: impact prediction, occurrence of impacts, environmental management activities and environmental monitoring. The database structure enables predecision, post-decision and transitional stage EIA influences on project outcomes to be differentiated. The audit methodology is applied to six case studies in Western Australia. During project assessment, strong emphasis was placed on the need for ongoing monitoring and management programmes. The implementation of these programmes was found to be central to successful achievement of project and environmental performance objectives. The results indicate that EIA practitioners have focussed environmental management actions on issues of greatest significance. Some predicted impacts were avoided by management activities. Most impacts were identified in impact predictions although predictive accuracy had little bearing on environmental management response. Many impacts were responded to by EIA managers irrespective of whether they were predicted accurately or even considered in predictions. Most significant impacts had ongoing monitoring. Most environmental management activities originated from the pre-decision stage of EIA, although the transitional and post-decision stages were also important. There was considerable evidence of the influence of external pressures on environmental management outcomes as well as rational processes and to a lesser extent internal reforms. Overall, the case studies demonstrate that a strong relationship exists between EIA and ongoing environmental management performance in Western Australia.
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Munno, Carolina Milanetto. "Análise do monitoramento pós estudo de impacto ambiental no Estado de São Paulo". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4404.
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Previous issue date: 2005-10-26This work intented to realize a study about the situation of process of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in São Paulo State, with emphasis in the monitoring pos-EIS (Environmental Impact Statment) phase, that it is essencial for the efficiency and efficacy of EIA. The purpose was to evaluate the frequency that the monitoring is realized, which are the methods used, what the efficiency, the negative points and the difficults to execution of this system. For that, it was realized a bibliography revision about national and internacional practices of EIA, with research at libraries of Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo (SMA), Companhia Estadual de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), Departamento de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (DAIA) and USP, and researches on data base. It were made interviews with technicals directors of DAIA/SMA and was also elaborated a questioner, that approach some points of EIA practices in São Paulo State. This questioner was sent to professionals of area. The results evidenced that despite of monitoring pos-EIS is very impotant in the context of EIA, it is not executed in the most of the cases. Many failures are pointed out in the process, which results in the non aplication of monitoring pos-EIS. The lack of engagement with the environmental quality and the sustainability, the lack of structure in the environmental agencies, the bureaucratic and consequent slowness of the process, the little participation of community, the difficulty in getting material about the topic, and others are some of factors mentioned. If the procedure were not improved, for assure the accomplishment of terms and commitments defined, as well as the learning with mistakes and the rights of each case, a powerfull instrument of Environmental Policy would be discredited and turn on in one of numerous bureaucratic obstacles that difficult the access on natural resourses of the country, but are not efficient to assure that the improvement happens in benefit of society.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo da situação do processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) no estado de São Paulo, enfatizando a fase de monitoramento pós-Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), que é essencial para a eficiência e eficácia da AIA. Pretendeu-se avaliar com que freqüência o monitoramento é realizado, quais os métodos utilizados para sua realização, qual sua eficiência, seus pontos falhos e quais as dificuldades de operacionalização deste sistema. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre práticas nacionais e internacionais de AIA, com consultas às bibliotecas da Secretaria de Meio Ambiente (SMA), Companhia Estadual de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), Departamento de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (DAIA) e da USP e pesquisas em banco de dados. Foram feitas entrevistas com diretores técnicos do DAIA/SMA e também foi elaborado um questionário, que aborda alguns pontos de práticas de AIA no Estado de São Paulo. Este questionário foi enviado para profissionais da área. Como resultado, foi constatado que, apesar de muito importante no contexto da AIA, o monitoramento pós-EIA não é praticado na maioria dos casos. Muitas são as falhas apontadas no processo, que acabam culminando na não aplicação do monitoramento pós-EIA. A falta de comprometimento com a qualidade ambiental e a sustentabilidade, a falta de estrutura dos órgãos ambientais, a burocratização e conseqüente lentidão do processo, a baixa participação da sociedade, a dificuldade em se conseguir material sobre o assunto, entre outros, são alguns dos fatores mencionados. Se os procedimentos não forem aperfeiçoados, de modo a garantir o cumprimento dos termos e compromissos definidos, bem como o aprendizado com os erros e acertos de cada caso, um poderoso instrumento de política ambiental poderá ficar desacreditado e converter-se em apenas mais um dos já numerosos entraves burocráticos que dificultam o acesso aos recursos naturais do país, mas não são eficazes para assegurar que seu aproveitamento se dê em benefício da sociedade.
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Mällberg, Camilla. "Quality Assurance in the Review Process of the Swedish EIA System". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118505.
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By 2050, the world population is projected to exceed nine billion and sustainable development measures are therefore critical. There has been a clear consensus internationally regarding the importance of assessing projects’ environmental impacts as a mean to promote sustainable development. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has a fundamental role of being a tool for reaching sustainable development. Therefore, continuously enhancing its quality by evaluating the system is important. This study focused on the quality of the review process in the Swedish EIA system, as it is the last step of quality assurance before the final decision-making. Currently, various authorities are responsible for assessing the quality of the environmental impact statement (EIS), something that can naturally lead to varied review qualities. The purpose of this Master Thesis was to question the quality of the current review process in Sweden’s EIA system and raise awareness as to how it possibly can be improved. An approach to promote consistency in the review process exists in the Dutch EIA system, where a national independent authority built up of experts is set to critically review EISs of complex proposed projects. Objectives of this study were to contribute with research on whether or not Sweden should implement an independent national commission to review the quality of EISs, to identify participants’ views and attitudes regarding the subject and to analyze whether or not it is favorable and possible to change the current system. A comparison with the Dutch review process along with eight semi-structured interviews were completed, and results showed that it is likely that the Swedish review process can improve by implementing a national independent review authority and thus increase the current quality and uniformity. The study also found that it would not lead to any major losses to the current system. By using a national authority, standardized working procedures can be developed and independence can be reached through utilizing impartial reviewers. However, feasible problems include funding regulations and having to modify Swedish EIA legislation. It is also estimated that a national commission would not have sufficient resources to review all incoming EISs, hence, restrictions are required.År 2050 förväntas världens befolkning överstiga nio miljarder och det är mycket viktigt att vidta åtgärder mot en hållbar utveckling. Det har skett en tydlig internationell enighet om vikten av att bedöma projekts miljöpåverkan som ett medel för att främja en hållbar utveckling. Miljökonsekvensbeskrivningssystemet har en grundläggande roll som verktyg för att nå en hållbar utveckling. Därför är det viktigt att kontinuerligt förbättra dess kvalitet genom att utvärdera systemet. Denna studie fokuserar på kvaliteten av granskningsprocessen i det svenska MKB-systemet, eftersom det är det sista steget i kvalitetssäkringen innan det slutliga beslutsfattandet. För närvarande har olika myndigheter ansvaret för att bedöma kvaliteten på miljökonsekvensbeskrivningen (MKB), vilket naturligtvis kan leda till varierande kvalitet på handläggningen. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att ifrågasätta kvaliteten av den pågående granskningen i det svenska MKB-systemet och öka medvetenheten om hur det möjligen kan förbättras. En strategi för att främja likvärdighet i granskningen finns i det nederländska MKB-systemet, där en oberoende nationell myndighet uppbyggd av experter är satt till att kritiskt granska miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar av komplexa föreslagna projekt. Målet för denna studie var att bidra med forskning om huruvida Sverige bör införa en oberoende nationell kommission för att granska kvaliteten på miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar, att identifiera deltagarnas åsikter och attityder kring ämnet och att analysera om det är fördelaktigt och möjligt att modifiera det nuvarande systemet. En jämförelse med den nederländska granskningsprocessen tillsammans med åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes, och resultaten visade att det är troligt att den svenska granskningsprocessen kan förbättras genom att införa en nationell oberoende granskningsmyndighet och därmed öka den nuvarande standarden och enhetligheten. Studien visade också att det inte skulle leda till några större förluster av det nuvarande systemet. Genom att använda en nationell myndighet, kan standardiserade arbetsmetoder utvecklas och självständighet kan nås genom att utnyttja objektiva granskare. Möjliga problem är finansieringsbestämmelser och behovet av att ändra svensk miljölagstiftning. Det är också sannolikt att en nationell kommission inte skulle ha tillräckliga resurser för att granska alla inkommande miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar, i och med det krävs begränsningar.
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Risberg, Sofia. "Granskning och uppföljning av miljöbedömningar i infrastrukturprojekt : Fyra fallstudier". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79564.
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Miljöbedömning med dess tillhörande dokument, miljökonsekvensbeskrivning (MKB), genomförs för att minska negativ miljöpåverkan från projekt och används som beslutsunderlag. Trafikverket som statlig myndighet gör MKB:er för många av sina projekt. Om utfallet blir så som det står i MKB:erna eller inte, vad det beror på, samt hur avvikelser påverkar miljön har undersökts i det här examensarbetet. Undersökningen har skett genom fallstudier av fyra olika Trafikverksprojekt. Dessa har varit vägprojekten Västra länken; bro över Umeälven, Östra länken; E4 syd – Östteg och Puckdalen; riskobjekt. Det fjärde fallet är ett järnvägsprojekt, Åmsele station; ny mötesdriftplats. För att kunna besvara frågeställningarna har intervjuer, dokumentgranskning, platsbesök och litteraturstudier genomförts. För varje fall har ett antal påverkanskategorier med betydelse för projektet valts ut för fördjupad granskning. Resultatet visar att avvikelser har förekommit mellan det som stått i MKB:erna och faktiskt resultat i alla fyra fallen, men inte i något fall har avvikelserna varit fler än överensstämmelserna. De flesta kontrollpunkter från MKB:erna har därmed stämt med faktiskt resultat, sammanlagt har 76 % stämt. I ett av fallen, Östra länken, har större andel avvikelser upptäckts än i övriga. Här blev resultatet 63 % överensstämmelse, i jämförelse med Västra länkens 77 %, Puckdalen 88 % och Åmsele stations 73 %. Avvikelserna som har upptäckts har gett både positiv, negativ och insignifikant miljöpåverkan, men majoriteten har varit negativ. Orsakerna till avvikelserna har varierat stort för de olika granskade kontrollpunkterna, men för vissa är otillräcklig uppföljning en möjlig orsak. Som resultat av detta arbete föreslås mer uppföljningsarbete med hjälp av Trafikverkets redan befintliga metoder, för att minska avvikelser mellan MKB och verklighet i framtiden.Environmental impact assessment, with the document environmental impact statement (EIS), are produced to limit the negative environmental impact of projects, and as a base for decision-making. Trafikverket (Swedish Transport Administration) is a public authority that produce EIS for many of their projects. This study has examined if the statements made in the EIS are actually done in practise or not, why eventual deviations may occur and what effects these deviations gives to the environment. The method used have been case studies of four projects performed by Trafikverket. Those are three road projects, The Western link; bridge over Umeälven, The Eastern Link; E4 south – Östteg and Puckdalen; risk object. The fourth project is a railroad project named Åmsele station, new passing place and service site. To answer the research questions also interviews, document studies, field trips and literature studies have been performed. For each of the cases a number of important categories for the project have been selected for further investigations. The result show that in all cases there have been deviations. In summary of the four cases 76 % of the checkpoints have been congruent. In all cases the congruence has been greater than the deviations. In one case, The Eastern Link, more deviations than in the other projects have been noted. In this case the result showed 63 % congruence, compared to 77 % at The Western Link, 88 % at Puckdalen and 73 % at Åmsele station. The deviations found have both given positive, negative, or insignificant environmental impacts, but the majority have been negative. The causes of the deviations have varied between the different checkpoints examined. One reason that is possible for some of the deviations are lack in follow-up. As a result of this study more extensive follow-up in the future, with use of already existing tools in the organisation of Swedish Transport Administration, are suggested to reduce the deviations between EIS and reality.
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Magrin, Virgínia de Figueiredo. "A comunicação dos impactos socioambientais no EIA e sua retransmissão para o RIMA: um estudo comparativo das estratégias de comunicação das Hidrelétricas de Estreito e São Salvador". Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/298.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender o processo de comunicação dos impactos socioambientais no EIA e como essas informações são repassadas para o Rima, por meio de um estudo comparativo entre entre as peças técnicas das hidrelétricas de Estreito e São Salvador. Nesse processo, foram analisadas quase 400 páginas listando 146 impactos diferentes por meio da análise de conteúdo. Para um melhor compreensão dos dados analisados, a pesquisa categorizou o material e trabalhou com duas frentes: a pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de inferências sobre o texto, e a pesquisa quantitativa, contabilização dos impactos, citações, comparações com outras hidrelétricas e/ou menções a elas e espaço destinado. Com os dados obtidos, observou-se que os estudos e os relatórios de cada uma das hidrelétricas são distintos entre si; que os dois EIAs, apesar de diferentes, possuem informações técnicas insuficientes; e que os dois Rimas não cumprem o exigido por Resolução e Constituição – a transparência total na comunicação com a população local em torno de grandes empreendimentos.This research paper aims to understand the communication process of socioenvironmental impacts in EIA as well as how this information is passed along to RIMA, through a comparative study of communication strategies from Estreito and São Salvador hydroelectric facilities. In this process, it was analyzed around 400 pages listing 146 different impacts through a content analysis. For a better understanding of the data analyzed, this research categorized the material into two ways: a qualitative study using text inferences and a quantitative study counting the impacts, citations, comparisons and/or the hydroelectric facilities of other places and the given space of them. The collected data showed that the study and the reports of each hydroelectric facility are different; the ones EIAs, even though they are distinct, they presented errors in their communication strategies; the ones RIMAS don’t accomplish the requirements in terms of resolution and constitution – the communication transparency with the local population about big projects.
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Matějíková, Lucie. "Ekologie a právo - povolovací procesy pro výstavbu a provozování průmyslových areálů". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114244.
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The subject of this Master's Thesis is a description of administrative and similar proceedings leading to issue of permits, consents, statements and expert opinions needed for the implementation of entrepreneurial plans that could potentially have negative impacts on the environment. This Thesis describes the process of environmental impact assessment (so called EIA) and its specifics, as well as its relevance for further administrative proceedings. Other subject of analyses is the integrated permit, a document that substitutes selected individual administrative deeds, and also the very permits, consents and statements intended to protect the individual environmental departments (such as air, water, landscape) or to regulate environmentally relevant activities (e.g. waste treatment). Subject of analyses are also the permission procedures pursuant to the Construction Act that ensure the protection of the common public interest on environment protection by the means of so called binding opinions of environmental protection authorities necessary in the land-use and construction permit issue proceedings as well as in other land-use planning activities. The aim of this Thesis is to describe specific aspects of the individual approval proceedings and their mutual procedural and factual correlation in order to eliminate interpretation difficulties caused by the fragmented legal regulation in the area of environmental protection legislation.
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Morrison, Rachel. "Biodiversity offsetting and environmental impact assessment : a critical analysis of the use of environmental impact assessment as a vehicle for the operationalisation of biodiversity offsetting". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biodiversity-offsetting-and-environmental-impact-assessment-a-critical-analysis-of-the-use-of-environmental-impact-assessment-as-a-vehicle-for-the-operationalisation-of-biodiversity-offsetting(f0104f48-14a3-4c2c-984e-4e98e2636eda).html.
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Biodiversity offsetting mechanisms are increasingly applied worldwide as a new solution to the current biodiversity crisis. The offsetting approach is idealised as a means to achieve no net loss of biodiversity. Offsetting mechanisms aim to quantify residual biodiversity losses and enable developers to account for residual impacts off-site. Despite rising global application, the effectiveness of offsetting is by no means assured. The question of whether and how offsetting can be operationalised to achieve no net loss has become a key focal point in debates surrounding their effectiveness. Environmental Impact Assessment, or EIA, has been portrayed as an obvious 'vehicle' for integrating offsetting into existing corporate management systems and planning systems, and therefore a key factor over how offsetting mechanisms operate. This research critically investigated the nature of integration and interactions between EIA and offsetting using a three phase qualitative research design, which brought together analysis of emerging policy, expert interviews and in-depth case studies.
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Owen, Sara Susan. "A theory of Greek colonisation : EIA Thrace and initial Greek contacts". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265444.
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The study of Greek colonisation is still dominated by Hellenocentric and Imperialist approaches. Furthermore, culture historical methodologies are still common. Studies often prioritise Imperialist readings of Greek literature, and even (as demonstrated here) restore fragments of Archilochos according to these assumptions. They also demonstrate a reified view of ethnicity, particularly in their adherence to the model of 'Hellenisation'. This thesis attacks the colonialist assumptions which pervade even the more theoretically sophisticated literature on the subject. Instead it attempts to provide a theoretically-informed account of the Greek settlement of Thrace, a region complicated by the presence of a divisive national frontier between Greece and Bulgaria. It rejects the Hellenocentric models and attempts to contextualise the first material evidence of Thracian contacts with Greeks. In so doing, thiss tudy demonstrates that first contacts with Greeks must be seen in the context of profound social (in which are embedded technological and economic) changes within Thrace which led to the active seeking out of exotic objects on the part of nascent elites. It does this through the media of studies on the adoption of iron, landscape, megaliths and burial in Early Iron Age Thrace, and a case study of burial, settlement and cult evidence from the island of Thasos. This thesistherefore has wider implications than just for the study of the Early Iron Age, or Greek 'colonisation' of this area. It demonstrates that the local social context is crucial to understanding the nature of the phenomenon of Greek colonisation. More than that, it demonstrates that the local context and local populations can no longer be seen as tabulae rasae for the imposition of Greek culture.
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Purnama, Dadang. "Public involvement in the Indonesian EIA process: process, perceptions, and alternatives /". Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php9858.pdf.
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Kan, Hon-shing y 簡漢成. "EIA of sewerage projects: an overview of the Hong Kong situation". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253155.
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Teng, Hsia-chen Sophia. "The EIA process: conservation of local cetacean population in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45170095.
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Zubir, Zainab. "Environmental monetary valuation in environmental impact assessment (EIA) : a Malaysian perspective". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU222187.
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This thesis examines environmental impact assessment (EIA) practices and limitations in Malaysia, and assesses the potential for integrating environmental monetary valuation to the EIA process. This thesis has four research objectives: 1) to analyse the application of EIA in Malaysia and to identify the current practices particularly with respect to valuing environmental impacts; 2) to identify appropriate environmental monetary valuation techniques that could be used in EIA; 3) to apply an appropriate environmental monetary valuation technique to Malaysian EIA through a case study; and 4) to provide an initial evaluation of the proposed technique by EIA practitioners. The content analysis of 165 EIA reports indicates a lack of environmental monetary valuation in EIA in Malaysia, and that project costs were poorly presented. In addition, the semi-structured interviews indicate that the quality of EIA in Malaysia depends on the quality and experiences of the EIA consultants. The case study using CV MS technique in EIA indicated that CV MS is an appropriate technique in the Malaysian context. It is concluded that the CV MS technique can facilitate wider public participation in EIA for a balanced and societal decision for economic development and environmental protection. As a result, CV MS can bring together scientific, social, and economic input within EIA reporting. This thesis concludes with recommendation for integrating the CV MS technique to the EIA process in Malaysia, and makes suggestions regarding how the limitations of CV MS in EIA might be overcome to ensure a balance between development needs and Malaysian environmental objectives within the context of the Malaysian people.
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Kan, Hon-shing. "EIA of sewerage projects : an overview of the Hong Kong situation /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709296.
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Snow, Andrew. "Assessing communities of unreceptive receptors : an investigation into environmental impact assessment's formation of environmental subjects". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/assessing-communities-of-unreceptive-receptors-an-investigation-into-environmental-impact-assessments-formation-of-environmental-subjects(ec97402b-72cc-45d9-94fe-e4f46129ac12).html.
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EIA's contribution to increased environmental awareness is a posited means by which EIA's contribution to a substantive level of environmental protection can be measured. However, little research has been done to evaluate and properly contextualise this increased environmental awareness in members of the public who participate in EIA and its associated processes of public participation. Utilising a Foucauldian understanding of power and governmentality, this research has shown how this process of becoming environmentally aware takes place within a broader application of governmental power and it is within this context which the success (or otherwise) of steering towards a greater environmental awareness must be evaluated. The biopolitical intentions EIA has for managing environmental life in general draws strict boundaries of expertise and authority in governing the environment, and as products of this formation of governmental power the public become subjects of expert direction. In opposition to this, the public produced a rural environment and local community as defined and governed by forms of experiential knowledge, which although pertaining to a truth-oriented mentality of rule, exerted a similar biopolitical control over the environment and immutable form of authority and expertise within it. It is contended that for EIA to penetrate bounded environments and disrupt their totalising environmentalities, the tool must extend the meaning of uncertainty to explicitly recognise the conflict that exists between actors and their respective environments. In this way, EIA can contribute to a form of self-reflexive and -critical environmental citizenship deemed necessary for a thorough investigation into the political dimensions of the environment and its associated substantive measures of enhancement and protection. Employing a realist governmentality approach to the case-study of the 2016 public inquiry in shale energy proposals in Lancashire, this research generated discourse analyses of key policy documents and public contributions to the inquiry in addition to a 'lived experience' of the inquiry as a participatory space through participant observation. The key findings were that at the policy level, the participating member of the public is produced as both a trustee and an expert, heightening the potential for conflict. Further to this, the experiences of the public inquiry added to this potential by seeking to impose on the participant an individualised, silent identity which was directly contradicted by the public during 'non-technical' sessions who sought to participate actively and collectively. Within their contributions the public produced further internal conflicts, with aspects of this discourse relying on existing institutionalised forms of knowledge and expertise to respond to environmental problems, while in others asserting that localised and personal experiences were necessary. EIA as a technique of government can have a leading role in defining the environment in both a physical, surrounding sense and as a mentality. To do so and challenge essentialised and concrete ideas regarding the environment avoiding the acts of exclusion that underpin them becoming normalised the thesis builds on the analysis to make a proposition for a more effective agonistic EIA process.
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Hoffmann, Armand Rousseau. "An appraisal of the quality of mining EIA reports / Armand Rousseau Hoffmann". Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/56.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the tools used by reIevant
authorities all over the world in an attempt to ensure that the principles of
sustainable development are achieved. Since EIA became mandatory in South
Africa, many EIAs have been conducted. As one of the principle industries
contributing to the South African economy, the mining sector is no exception.
It is also true that the mining industry is one of the largest contributors to
environmental impacts.
In order to ensure that EIA achieves its goal, it is necessary to test the quality
of EIA systems and reports. There are various methods to achieve this, one
being the use of Environmental Impact Assessment Report quality review
packages to test the quality of the EIRs produced in terms of the National
Environmental Management Act, Act 107 of 1998, and the Mineral and
Petroleum Resources Development Act, Act 28 of 2002, both of which require
that EIA be conducted.
In order to conduct a quality review, the Lee and Colley review model was
adapted for use in the South African mining sector.
This model was used to assess the quality of 20 approved EIRs submitted to
the relevant authority, i-e. the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME).
Results derived from the use of this mode1 indicate that the majority of EIA
reports in the in the mining sector are of an acceptable standard. However,
the results also indicate a number of weaknesses. Several key areas of EIA do
not receive sufficient attention, specifically the identification of impacts and
the consideration of alternatives. This could undermine the effectiveness of
the whole EIA process.Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.