Tesis sobre el tema "Efficienza informativa"
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Vento, Francesca. "Fondamenti logici del corporate credit rating ed efficienza informativa". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3109.
Texto completoIntermediari creditizi ed agenzie di credit rating svolgono un ruolo decisivo nell’attenuare gli effetti distorsivi della distribuzione asimmetrica delle informazioni cui sono intrinsecamente soggette le transazioni che si pongono in essere tra datori e prenditori di fondi, i quali soli hanno piena conoscenza del proprio, effettivo, merito di credito. In particolare, nel mercato creditizio, le banche, interponendosi tra soggetti in surplus e soggetti in deficit, si sostituiscono agli investitori nel selezionare le alternative di finanziamento, svolgendo per essi il processo di raccolta, di analisi, e di elaborazione delle informazioni relative alla capacità di credito delle possibili controparti, favorendo in ultimo la riduzione dei costi di transazione e di gestione delle informazioni. Analogamente, nel mercato obbligazionario, ove unità in surplus ed unità in deficit si interfacciano in modo diretto, le agenzie di rating si interpongono tra investitori ed emittenti di strumenti di debito, assumendo tuttavia il differente ruolo di “brokers informativi”, ovvero di operatori specializzati nella raccolta e nell’elaborazione delle informazioni circa lo standing creditizio dell’emittente, e nella successiva sintesi e divulgazione delle stesse attraverso un giudizio espresso da un simbolo alfabetico, il credit rating, in grado di comunicare in modo semplice ed immediato agli investitori l’opinione dell’agenzia circa l’idoneità dell’emittente di provvedere in modo esatto e puntuale sia al rimborso del capitale, sia al pagamento degli interessi relativi ad una o più emissioni di debito. Invero, a nostro avviso, è ragionevole ritenere che la reale portata del ruolo assolto da intermediari creditizi ed agenzie di rating nel contrastare le asimmetrie informative tra datori e prenditori di fondi, e l’effettiva efficacia del loro intervento nel promuovere l’efficienza del mercato creditizio ed obbligazionario possano dipendere dalla natura delle informazioni che tali soggetti scelgono di porre a fondamento delle valutazioni relative al merito di credito dei potenziali soggetti finanziati. A tal riguardo è possibile operare una distinzione, seppur non strettamente dicotomica, tra elementi informativi di natura “hard”- i quali tipicamente si presentano in forma quantitativa, e prestandosi a facile codificazione, consentono di essere raccolti in modo impersonale ed interpretati in modo oggettivo ed univoco - ed informazioni di tipo “soft” - che, al contrario, presentandosi in forma prettamente qualitativa/descrittiva ed essendo subordinate ad interpretazione soggettiva da parte del valutatore, sono connotate da un’intrinseca difficoltà di codificazione, e impongono modalità di acquisizione di tipo personale e diretto. Alla luce dei descritti aspetti di differenziazione, il prevalente ricorso ad informazioni di natura hard, se da un lato determina significativi vantaggi in termini di costo di acquisizione ed elaborazione dell’informazione stessa, dall’altro comporta l’inevitabile perdita del patrimonio informativo che solo input di tipo soft sono in grado di veicolare. In tale quadro si inserisce il presente lavoro, finalizzato ad analizzare la variegata morfologia dell’informazione e ad esaminare nello specifico in quale forma (hard o soft) predominante si presentino le informazioni poste alla base dei processi di analisi del merito di credito svolti da intermediari creditizi e agenzie di rating. Ciò equivale ad indagare come tali soggetti scelgano di posizionarsi rispetto al trade-off esistente tra i costi connessi al trattamento dell’informazione - i quali risultano minimizzati in funzione di un crescente utilizzo di hard information - ed il grado di completezza dell’informazione stessa - che si accresce in funzione dell’inclusione di soft information nella base informativa a disposizione del valutatore - dal quale, come anticipato, riteniamo possa dipendere l’efficace riduzione delle asimmetrie informative esistenti tra datori e prenditori di fondi. A tale proposito si osserva come l’utilizzo più o meno intenso di informazioni di natura soft rispetto ad informazioni di carattere hard nell’ambito dei procedimenti valutativi condotti rispettivamente dalle banche e dalle agenzie di rating sia legato al contesto in cui tali processi di analisi sono originati. In particolare, con riferimento alle istituzioni bancarie, è possibile istituire un raffronto tra analisi del merito creditizio condotte nell’ambito di approcci al credito basati alternativamente sulla relazione (relationship lending) o sulla transazione (transactional lending), mentre, per quanto concerne le agenzie di rating, si individua una distinzione tra valutazioni svolte nell’ambito del processo di attribuzione del rating alternativamente sollecitato (solicited) o non sollecitato (unsolicited). La relazione che si instaura tra il soggetto valutatore e l’impresa oggetto di analisi nell’ambito del relationship lending - nel caso della banca - o nell’ambito del processo di attribuzione del rating sollecitato - nel caso dell’agenzia di rating - determina infatti un significativo arricchimento del set di input informativi disponibili per la valutazione, in quanto, oltre a consentire l’acquisizione di un complesso di elementi che, pur essendo codificabili e prestandosi ad interpretazione oggettiva (e, dunque, pur presentando carattere hard), non risultano desumibili da fonti pubbliche per questioni di riservatezza o di opacità informativa dell’impresa, permette di raccogliere una serie di informazioni impossibili da acquisire in forma impersonale alla luce della loro natura prettamente soft, che le rende non codificabili e misurabili esclusivamente attraverso il giudizio e la percezione individuale del medesimo soggetto preposto alla raccolta delle stesse. In ciò risiede, a nostro avviso, il valore aggiunto del contributo offerto da intermediari creditizi ed agenzie di rating alla riduzione delle asimmetrie informative tra datori e prenditori di fondi: anche prescindendo dalle condizioni di maggiore o minore trasparenza della controparte oggetto di analisi, l’inclusione della soft information alla base delle valutazioni condotte da tali soggetti - che risulta preclusa nel contesto tanto del rapporto di finanziamento transaction-based posto in essere dalla banca, quanto dell’attribuzione di un giudizio di rating non sollecitato da parte dell’agenzia - costituisce la determinante ultima dell’effettiva efficacia del loro intervento nel promuovere l’efficienza del mercato. Alla luce di tali considerazioni, la trattazione viene completata attraverso l’esame dell’impianto di analisi e valutazione delle informazioni qualitative sviluppato ed implementato presso un’agenzia di rating italiana, al fine di comprendere con quali strumenti, nel concreto, una credit rating agency possa affrontare il problema dell’elaborazione di informazioni soft - che si presenta con massima intensità nell’ambito del processo di assegnazione del rating di tipo solicited - pervenendo ad un bilanciamento ottimale del trade-off tra il costo di trattamento dell’informazione ed il grado di completezza della stessa.
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Zhang, Xiang. "Efficiency in Emergency medical service system : An analysis on information flow". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1620.
Texto completoIn an information system which includes plenty of information services, we are always seeking a solution to enhance efficiency and reusability. Emergency medical service system is a classic information system using application integration in which the requirement of information flow transmissions is extremely necessary. We should always ensure this system is running in best condition with highest efficiency and reusability since the efficiency in the system directly affects human life.
The aim of this thesis is to analysis emergency medical system in both qualitative and quantitative ways. Another aim of this thesis is to suggest a method to judge the information flow through the analysis for the system efficiency and the correlations between information flow traffic and system applications.
The result is that system is a main platform integrated five information services. Each of them provides different unattached functions while they are all based on unified information resources. The system efficiency can be judged by a method called Performance Evaluation, the correlation can be judged by multi-factorial analysis of variance method.
Li, Haorui. "Efficiency of hospitals : Evaluation of Cambio COSMIC system". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1625.
Texto completoIn this modern world, healthcare has becoming a popular word in human life. People pay their attention on their health protection and treatment, but at the same time, they need to bear the high expenditure for their healthcare processing.
It is a serious problem that the government income can not afford the large expense in healthcare industry. Especially in some developing countries, healthcare problem has become the problem for the nation development.
We would like to choose this basic way to solve this problem directly, to provide the channel to improve the efficiency of healthcare system, Cambio COSMIC.
The aim to analysis COSMIC for my case study is to find out the conclusion that how does the architect design the system from the stakeholders requirement to achieve the success of improving the efficiency of healthcare system. And how to measure the success for the system achieving to improve the efficiency of healthcare system is still required to indicate.
Gustafsson, Anders y Peter Wulff. "EFFICIENT HANDOVER OF INFORMATION IN SUPPLY CHAINS". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2334.
Texto completoAbsract: Information logistics is a question about moving information between different individuals or
systems to that place in time and space where a demand for the information arise. It is utilized
trough different sources of bearer that is distributed trough different channels in an optimal way.
How to make it without distorting the information in the interface between different participants?
This report is exactly about that.
The report has resulted in the Information Quality Model (IQM) and the Information Quality
Process (IQP).
IQM is a model for evaluation of information that explains which characteristics that affects the
efficiency of information. IQM is built on Aspects - Characteristics – Questions.
If we for example have right information and we can deliver to right place in right time but with a
poor layout the efficiency still can be low. This leads to that we can state that all the stated aspects
with its belonging characteristics must be paid attention to get a good quality in the in the
interfaces.
IQP Is a process showing how to handle and build up processes for collecting and processing
of information with a method that will secure the quality.
The method is built on an analyze phase where frames are created first for what should be collected
and how it should be done and an executing phase where information is filled in, in accordance
to to the rules that was set up in the analyze phase.
IQM and IQP form a solution that together illuminates the whole process of the information delivery
in a unique way.
The research method is mainly based on cases built on the authors empirical experiences.
Sammanfattning: Informationslogistik handlar om att flytta information mellan olika individer eller system till den
plats i tid och rum som informationsbehovet uppstår. Detta sker genom att man utnyttjar olika
former av bärare som distribueras via olika kanaler på ett optimalt sätt.
Hur gör man detta utan att information förvanskas i gränssnitten mellan olika aktörer?
Just detta handlar detta X-jobb om.
X-jobbet har resulterat i The Information Quality Model (IQM) och The Information Quality Process
(IQP).
IQM är en informationsvärderingsmodell som förklarar vilka egenskaper som påverkar verkningsgraden
hos information. IQM bygger på Aspekter – Egenskaper – Frågor.
Om exempelvis vi har rätt information och vi kan leverera till rätt plats i rätt tid men i en usel
layout så kan verkningsgraden bli låg. Detta leder till att vi kan konstatera att alla redovisade
aspekter med tillhörande egenskaper måste beaktas för att få en bra kvalitet i gränssnitten.
IQP är en process som visar hur man hanterar och bygger upp processer för insamling och
bearbetning av information med en kvalitetssäkrande metod.
Metoden bygger på en analysfas där man skapar ramar för vad som skall samlas in och hur det
skall ske samt en utförande fas där man fyller på med information uppställd enligt de regler
man satt i analysfasen.
IQM och IQP bildar tillsammans en helhet som belyser hela processen av informationsöverlämning
på ett unikt sätt.
Forskningsmetoden är i huvudsak case baserad och bygger på författarnas empiriska erfarenheter.
Malek, Behzad. "Efficient private information retrieval". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26966.
Texto completoKassir, Abdallah. "Communication Efficiency in Information Gathering through Dynamic Information Flow". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12113.
Texto completoFernandez, Garcia Javier David, Jürgen Umbrich y Axel Polleres. "BEAR: Benchmarking the Efficiency of RDF Archiving". Department für Informationsverarbeitung und Prozessmanagement, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4615/1/BEAR_techReport_022015.pdf.
Texto completoSeries: Working Papers on Information Systems, Information Business and Operations
Bengtsson, Conny. "Energianalys av luftbehandling". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15234.
Texto completoElectricity consumption for ventilation has increased by 40% since 1990 in Sweden. Ventilation is an environmental villain since inquiries indicates that the electricity consumption for ventilation system fans can be much reduced. Reduction of electricity consumption for ventilation purposes can be achieved through e.g. the exchange of fan motors to EC motors or to fans with backward curved blades and direct drive. Such measures can provide reduced power consumption by up to 50 % in some applications. The ventilation fans in Sweden consume 12.3 TWh each year. Today Sweden has 175 000 ventilation systems with too high consumption of electricity and no heat recycling. According to the Swedish Energy Agency the ventilation sector has a large potential for savings and the energy consumption for ventilation could be lowered by 30 % (3,5 TWh), which roughly corresponds to the total annual wind power production in Sweden. The Analytical tool developed in this thesis work is designed to be user friendly and is thought to be an aid when evaluating functionality and efficiency in air treatment system. The tool analyzes data from measurements and produces key ratios which are then compared with given key ratios and standard guidelines. The Analysis tool was tested on one reference object and functioned as intended, but may at this stage be considered as a prototype that can be further developed. Specific training will be required before using the analysis tool with consideration to electrical safety and accuracy of measurement. This thesis work aims at evaluating the potential savings within air treatment systems in energy efficient buildings, and to develop a calculation tool to meet the demand that is likely to arise from property owners who want to save energy.
Brennan, Alan. "Efficient Computation of Value of Information". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487609.
Texto completoDaoud, Amjad M. "Efficient data structures for information retrieval". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40031.
Texto completoChli, Margarita. "Applying information theory to efficient SLAM". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5634.
Texto completoAbleiter, Dirk. "Smart caching for efficient information sharing in distributed information systems". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FAbleiter.pdf.
Texto completoThesis Advisor(s): Singh, Gurminder ; Otani, Thomas. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 31, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-50). Also available in print.
McLafferty, Kevin. "Operational efficiency of industrialised information processing systems". Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/8253.
Texto completoVerbeek, Erwin [Verfasser]. "Information Efficiency in Speculative Markets / Erwin Verbeek". Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1084535610/34.
Texto completoBako, Boto [Verfasser]. "Efficient information dissemination in VANETs / Boto Bako". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122195583/34.
Texto completoPONNA, CHAITANYA y BODEPUDI RAKESH CHOWDARY. "HOW ENABLE EFFICIENT INFORMATION INTERCHANGES IN VIRTUAL". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20865.
Texto completoProgram: Magisterutbildning i informatik
Shin, Jungmin. "Data transform composition for efficient information integration". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024907.
Texto completoFrancescato, Riccardo <1993>. "Efficient Black-box JTAG Discovery". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12266.
Texto completoGiouvris, Evangelos Thomas. "Issues in asset pricing, liquidity, information efficiency, asymmetric information and trading systems". Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2940/.
Texto completoRydberg, Christoffer. "Time Efficiency of Information Retrieval with Geographic Filtering". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172918.
Texto completoDen här studien addresserar tidseffektiviteten av två större modeller inom informationssökning: ”Extended Boolean Model” (EBM) och ”Vector Space Model” (VSM) . Båda modellerna använder samma typ av viktningsschema, som bygger på ”term frequency–inverse document frequency“ (tf- idf). I VSM rankas varje dokument, utifrån en söksträng, genom en skalärprodukt av dokumentets och söksträngens vektorrepresentationer. I EBM används såkallade ”p-norm score functions” som rankar dokument, inte bara utifrån matchande termer, utan genom att ta hänsyn till de Booleska sammanbindningar som finns mellan sökorden. Utöver detta undersöker studien hur dokument med en geografisk anknytning kan hämtas baserat på positionen och geometrin av den geografiska ytan. Vidare vill vi besvara hur denna geografiska sökning på bästa sätt kan integreras med de två informationssökningmodellerna. Utifrån tidigare forskning dras slutsatsen att det bästa tillvägagångssättet för dokument med endast en geografisk anknytning är att använda ett index baserat på ”Z-Space Filling Curves” (Z-SFC). När dokument hämtas genom Z-SFC-indexet finns det inga garantier att de hämtade dokumenten är relevanta för sökytan. Det är däremot garanterat att endast dessa dokument kan vara relevanta. Vidare är det rankade utdatat från IR-modellerna till en stor fördel för den geografiska sökningen, nämligen att vi kan fokusera på dokument med hög relevans. Detta görs genom att jämföra resultaten från vald IR-modell med resultaten från Z-SFC-indexet och sortera de matchande dokumenten efter relevans. Därefter kan vi iterera över listan och beräkna vilka dokuments geometrier som skär sökningens geometri. Eftersom användaren endast är intresserad av de högst rankade dokumenten kan vi avbryta när vi har tillräckligt många sökresultat. Slutsatsen av studien är att VSM är enkel att implementera och mycket tidseffektiv jämfört med EBM. Modellen är underlägsen EBM i den mening att det är en ganska enkel ”bag of words”-modell, medan EBM tillåter specificering av konjuktioner och disjunktioner. Den geografiska sökningen har visats vara tidseffektiv och oberoende av vilken av de två IR-modellerna som används.Skillnaden i tidseffektivitet mellan VSM och EBM ökar däremot drastiskt när söksträngen blir längre och fler resultat erhålls. Emellertid, beroende på användarens krav, storleken på dokumentsamlingen, söksträngens längd, etc., kan fördelarna med EBM ibland överväga nackdelen av den lägre prestandan. För sökmotorer med stora dokumentsamlingar och många användare är dock modellen sannolikt för långsam.
Verney, Steven P. "Pupillary responses index : information processing efficiency across cultures /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9992386.
Texto completoBazargan-Lari, Sina. "Benefits of information technology in improving preconstruction efficiency". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041262.
Texto completoBellato, Carlo <1997>. "Information and Theories of Efficiency in Financial Markets". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21794.
Texto completoCATENA, MATTEO. "Energy efficiency in large scale information retrieval systems". Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9645.
Texto completoHe, Bing. "Efficient information retrieval from the World Wide Web". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33938.pdf.
Texto completoBruch, Jessica y Monica Bellgran. "Design information for efficient equipment supplier/buyer integration". Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14106.
Texto completo魯建江 y Kin-kong Loo. "Efficient mining of association rules using conjectural information". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224878.
Texto completoCARDOSO, EDUARDO TEIXEIRA. "EFFICIENT METHODS FOR INFORMATION EXTRACTION IN NEWS WEBPAGES". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28984@1.
Texto completoCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Nós abordamos a tarefa de segmentação de páginas de notícias; mais especificamente identificação do título, data de publicação e corpo da notícia. Embora existam resultados muito bons na literatura, a maioria deles depende da renderização da página, que é uma tarefa muito demorada. Nós focamos em cenários com um alto volume de documentos, onde desempenho de tempo é uma necessidade. A abordagem escolhida estende nosso trabalho prévio na área, combinando propriedades estruturais com traços de atributos visuais, calculados através de um método mais rápido do que a renderização tradicional, e algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina. Em nossos experimentos, nos atentamos para alguns fatos não comumente abordados na literatura, como tempo de processamento e a generalização dos nossos resultados para domínios desconhecidos. Nossa abordagem se mostrou aproximadamente uma ordem de magnitude mais rápida do que alternativas equivalentes que se apoiam na renderização completa da página e manteve uma boa qualidade de extração.
We tackle the task of news webpage segmentation, specifically identifying the news title, publication date and story body. While there are very good results in the literature, most of them rely on webpage rendering, which is a very time-consuming step. We focus on scenarios with a high volume of documents, where a short execution time is a must. The chosen approach extends our previous work in the area, combining structural properties with hints of visual presentation styles, computed with a faster method than regular rendering, and machine learning algorithms. In our experiments, we took special attention to some aspects that are often overlooked in the literature, such as processing time and the generalization of the extraction results for unseen domains. Our approach has shown to be about an order of magnitude faster than an equivalent full rendering alternative while retaining a good quality of extraction.
Freiwat, Sami y Lukas Öhlund. "Fuel-Efficient Platooning Using Road Grade Preview Information". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-270263.
Texto completoLoo, Kin-kong. "Efficient mining of association rules using conjectural information". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22505544.
Texto completoYu, Xiangshen. "Efficient Interest Forwarding for Vehicular Information-Centric Networks". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38252.
Texto completoCARRATINO, LUIGI. "Resource Efficient Large-Scale Machine Learning". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1001813.
Texto completoNguyen, Chi Mai. "Efficient Reasoning with Constrained Goal Models". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367790.
Texto completoMendonca, Costa Javier. "Context-Aware Machine to Machine Communications in Cellular Networks". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143180.
Texto completoHibraj, Feliks <1995>. "Efficient tensor kernel methods for sparse regression". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16921.
Texto completoRamos, Gabriel de Oliveira. "Regret minimisation and system-efficiency in route choice". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178665.
Texto completoMultiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a challenging task, where self-interested agents concurrently learn a policy that maximise their utilities. Learning here is difficult because agents must adapt to each other, which makes their objective a moving target. As a side effect, no convergence guarantees exist for the general MARL setting. This thesis exploits a particular MARL problem, namely route choice (where selfish drivers aim at choosing routes that minimise their travel costs), to deliver convergence guarantees. We are particularly interested in guaranteeing convergence to two fundamental solution concepts: the user equilibrium (UE, when no agent benefits from unilaterally changing its route) and the system optimum (SO, when average travel time is minimum). The main goal of this thesis is to show that, in the context of route choice, MARL can be guaranteed to converge to the UE as well as to the SO upon certain conditions. Firstly, we introduce a regret-minimising Q-learning algorithm, which we prove that converges to the UE. Our algorithm works by estimating the regret associated with agents’ actions and using such information as reinforcement signal for updating the corresponding Q-values. We also establish a bound on the agents’ regret. We then extend this algorithm to deal with non-local information provided by a navigation service. Using such information, agents can improve their regrets estimates, thus performing empirically better. Finally, in order to mitigate the effects of selfishness, we also present a generalised marginal-cost tolling scheme in which drivers are charged proportional to the cost imposed on others. We then devise a toll-based Q-learning algorithm, which we prove that converges to the SO and that is fairer than existing tolling schemes.
Costello, Greg. "Price discovery and information diffusion in the Perth housing market 1988-2000". UWA Business School, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0034.
Texto completoOn, Sai Tung. "Efficient transaction recovery on flash disks". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1170.
Texto completoMalhotra, Suvarcha. "Information capacity and power efficiency in operational transconductance amplifiers". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/104.
Texto completoThesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Cheah, Eng-Tuck. "The implications of information processing efficiency on decision making". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/184037/.
Texto completoWang, Yong. "Diversification, information asymmetry, cost of capital, and production efficiency". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/13948.
Texto completoPh.D.
This study examines how diversification changes firms' key characteristics, which consequently alter firms' value. The reason why I focus on this topic is because of the mixed findings in literature about the valuation effect of diversification. This study offers deeper insights to the influence of diversification on important valuation factors that are already identified in finance literature. Specifically, it examines if diversification affects firms' information asymmetry problem, firms' cost of capital and cash flow, and firms' production efficiency. The study looks at both the financial industry and non-financial industry and the chapters are arranged in the following order. Firstly, empirical studies show that investors do not value BHCs' pursuit of non-interest income generating activities and yet these activities have demonstrated a dramatic pace of growth in the recent decades. An interesting question is what factors drive the discontent of the investors with the diversification endeavors of the BHCs in non-interest income activities. The first chapter examines the subject from the view point of information opaqueness, which is unique in the banking industry in terms of its intensity. We propose that increased diversification into non-interest income activities deepens information asymmetry, making BHCs more opaque and curtailing their value, as a result. Two important results are obtained in support of this proposition. First, analysts' forecasts are less accurate and more dispersed for the BHCs with greater diversity of non-interest income activities, indicating that information asymmetry problem is more severe for these BHCs. Second, stock market reactions to earning announcements by these BHCs signaling new information to the market are larger, indicating that more information is revealed to the market by each announcement. These findings indicate that increased diversity of non-interest income activities is associated with more severe information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders and, hence, a lower valuation by shareholder. Secondly, since Lang and Stulz (1994) and Berger and Ofek (1995), corporate literature has taken the position that industrial diversification is associated with a firm value discount. However, the validity and the sources of the diversification discount are still highly debated. In particular, extant studies limit themselves to cash flow effects, totally overlooking the cost of capital as a factor determining firm value. Inspired by Lamont and Polk (2001), the second chapter examines how industrial and international diversification change the conglomerates' cost of capital (equity and debt), and thereby the firm value. Our empirical results, based on a sample of Russell 3000 firms over the 1998-2004 period, show that industrial (international) diversification is associated with a lower (higher) firm cost of capital. These findings also hold for firms fully financed with equity. In addition, international diversification is found to be associated with a lower operating cash flow while industrial diversification doesn't alter it. These results indicate that industrial (international) diversification is associated with firm value enhancement (destruction). Given the fact that the majority of the firms involved in industrial diversification also diversify internationally, failing to separate these two dimensions of diversification may result in mistakenly attributing the diversification discount to industrial diversification. Thirdly, financial conglomerates have been increasingly diversifying their business into banking, securities, and insurance activities, especially after the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA, 1999). The third chapter examines whether bank holding company (BHC) diversification is associated with improvement in production efficiency. By applying the data envelopment analysis (DEA), the Malmquist Index of productivity, and total factor productivity change as a decomposed factor of the index, are calculated for a sample of BHCs over the period 1997-2007. The following results are obtained. First, technical efficiency is negatively associated with activity diversification and the effect is primarily driven by BHCs that did not diversify through Section 20 subsidiaries before GLBA. Second, the degree of change in diversification over time does not affect the total factor productivity change but is negatively associated with technical efficiency change over time. This latter effect is also primarily shown on BHCs that did not have Section 20 subsidiaries before GLBA. Therefore, it can be concluded that diversification is on average associated with lower production efficiency of BHCs, especially those BHCs without first-mover advantage obtained through Section 20 subsidiaries. These chapters explores the possible channels through which diversification could alter firms' valuation. They contribute to the literature by offering further knowledge about the effect of diversification.
Temple University--Theses
Herglotz, Christian [Verfasser]. "Energy Efficient Video Decoding / Christian Herglotz". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155058011/34.
Texto completoElsken, Thomas [Verfasser] y Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Hutter. "Efficient and practical neural architecture search". Freiburg : Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236500423/34.
Texto completoHansen, Tone. "A Digital Tool to Improve the Efficiency of IT Forensic Investigations". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40232.
Texto completoSchall, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Energy Efficiency in Database Systems / Daniel Schall". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107151301X/34.
Texto completoDaniel, Gregory Wayne. "An Evaluation of a Payer-Based Electronic Health Record in an Emergency Department on Quality, Efficiency, and Cost of Care". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195598.
Texto completoDuta, Ionut Cosmin. "Efficient and Effective Solutions for Video Classification". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369314.
Texto completoBillerbeck, Bodo y bodob@cs rmit edu au. "Efficient Query Expansion". RMIT University. Computer Science and Information Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20060825.154852.
Texto completoSteffinlongo, Enrico <1987>. "Efficient security analysis of administrative access control policies". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12917.
Texto completoSavoia, Marco. "Architetture software per la coordinazione semantica: efficienza ed espressività". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3046/.
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