Artículos de revistas: "Efficiency improvement mechanism"

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Liu, Long Tao y Wen Tang. "Improvement of a SIP Security Mechanism". Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (diciembre de 2012): 2929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.2929.

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SIP is one of the mainstream protocols in the VoIP. A majority of SIP’s security mechanism only provides a single direction authentication from server to client such as HTTP digest authentication. To improve the present situation, a new security mechanism of SIP based on the improved HTTP digest authentication is put forward in this study. This improved security mechanism not only provides a double direction authentication between the server and client but also reduces the expenses of the server and increases the authentication efficiency thanks to its low computational complexity.

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2

Yan, Qing You, Xin Fa Tang, Juan Juan Cao y Chao Kong. "Growth Ceiling of Energy Efficiency and Countermeasure Archetype in Electric Power Supply and Demand System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (febrero de 2013): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1297.

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Energy efficiency depends on the profit that the consumed energy contributes to human need system for the sustainable development. With the increasing importance of coordinate development of environment, economic and electric power system, it is more and more difficult to choose the right improvement path and mechanism of energy efficiency in electric-power supply and demand system. After analyzing the feedback mechanism of energy efficiency improvement of the electric power supply and demand system, energy efficiency improvement which caused the growth ceiling was found along with some inhibition factors in the process of energy efficiency improvement. In view of the energy efficiency improvement growth ceiling of the electric-power supply and demand system, the end treatment mechanism was introduced as a countermeasure which inputs environmental costs to the power supply chain. Furthermore, government guides and participates in energy efficiency investment, which was regarded as another countermeasure attached much importance. So the improvement of energy efficiency in supply and demand system of electric power can be maximized.

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3

Zhou, Pengfei, Mengyu Han y Yang Shen. "Impact of Intelligent Manufacturing on Total-Factor Energy Efficiency: Mechanism and Improvement Path". Sustainability 15, n.º 5 (21 de febrero de 2023): 3944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053944.

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Intelligent technology is the core driving force of the fourth industrial revolution, which has an important impact on high-quality economic development. In this paper, the panel data of 30 provinces from 2006 to 2019 were selected to construct a regression model to conduct an empirical analysis on the role and mechanism of intelligent manufacturing in improving total factor energy efficiency. The research results show that first, the productivity effect, scale effect and resource allocation effect of intelligent manufacturing can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the total factor, and the conclusion is still established after endogenous treatment and robustness testing. Second, the results of the action mechanism show that labor price distortion and carbon emission trading policy are important mechanisms for intelligent manufacturing to improve total-factor energy efficiency. Specifically, the corrected labor price can enhance the motivation of enterprise research and development and innovation and solve the dilemma of the low-end industrial structure, thus improving the efficiency of total-factor energy efficiency. The carbon emission trading policy strengthens the willingness of enterprises to improve the process, eliminate backward equipment and increase the research and development of green technology, and it has a positive regulatory role in the process of improving total-factor energy efficiency in intelligent manufacturing.

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4

SHEN, Fengiman, Takanobu INADA, Kensaku YAMAMOTO y Yuji IWANAGA. "Combustion Mechanism and Improvement of Combustion Efficiency of Single Pulverized Coal". Tetsu-to-Hagane 80, n.º 1 (1994): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.80.1_7.

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5

Michaelowa, Axel y D. Hayashi. "Methodological challenges for energy efficiency improvement under the clean development mechanism". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, n.º 20 (1 de febrero de 2009): 202011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/20/202011.

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Skorokhvatov, Oleg, Alexey Kovalchuk, Dmytry Maksymchuk, Oleksandr Bosyi y Alexey Malishkin. "IMPROVEMENT OF TENSIONING MECHANISM TRACKS FOR TRACTOR ENGINE". Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy, n.º 16 (11 de febrero de 2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2021.16.43-47.

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The article poses a scientific problem, which is solved by using electromechanical mechanisms with an automatic control scheme and tracking the tension of the caterpillar within the required limits. The analysis of scientific papers revealed a number of disadvantages that are inherent in tracked propellers with existing track tensioning mechanisms: a significant drop in the efficiency at high speeds of a track with a rubber-metal hinge due to high stretching coefficients, which leads to a decrease in the coefficient of adhesion of the track; significant deterioration in maneuverability due to the possibility of the decrease of the track from the idler wheel under certain conditions; the inability to change the tension of the tracks when turning the machine, the inability to automatically respond to a change in the type of soil. Summing up the results of the literature review on the topic, we can single out a part of the previously unsolved problem, namely: the problem of matching the track tension to the external and internal operating conditions of the tracked mover is multifactorial, and its solution is a complex technical problem. Such mechanisms use widely adjustable DC motors with built-in electromagnetic brakes. It is obvious that the installation of these electric motors will provide the necessary speed, automatic or in accordance with the signals of the human operator, the necessary regulation of the tension of the tracks. which will significantly increase the controllability of the tracked vehicle at high speeds, significantly increase the patency of the tracked vehicle, obtain a positive effect on the dynamic performance of the tracked vehicle, achieve the maximum increase in the maximum speed, increase the efficiency of the tracked propeller up to 10% depending on the driving conditions by reducing the caterpillar bypass, reduce fuel consumption by up to 6% by increasing the efficiency of the caterpillar mover, increase the durability of the tracks. Keywords: combat vehicles, tracked chassis, weapons and military equipment repair.

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7

Huabai, Bu y Bu Jiaqi. "Research on the Improvement of Village Governance Efficiency Based on Blockchain Technology". Journal of Agricultural Science 12, n.º 9 (15 de agosto de 2020): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n9p192.

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It is known that China is in the critical “triple overlap” period of the history of social transformation, the fourth industrial revolution, and new globalization. As a disruptive technology, blockchain has solved the “trust construction” and causing a revolution in the social governance model. The article uses blockchain technology as a means to solve the problems of the existing rural governance structure and governance capability system, analyzes the mechanism and implementation bottleneck of blockchain technology, and proposes countermeasures and policy suggestions to improve the effectiveness of village governance, such as the distributed characteristics and the traceable characteristics of the blockchain can be used to build a multi-level response and personalized service integration and a self-organized operation mechanism in rural areas to promote governance responsibility mechanisms and reduce the risk of information fragmentation, data uncertainty, and governance control risks, etc. These policies and suggestions provide a good theoretical basis and method guidance for China’s rural revitalization strategy.

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8

Tang, Ning, Yumei Xia, Yijie Zhan, Junhao Dan, Mulan Yu, Xiaolan Bu y Mengliang Cao. "Improvement of Chloroplast Transformation Using CRISPR/Cas9". Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2020): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1970.

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Chloroplasts are organelles that contain genetic materials (DNA) in higher plant cells. The special genetic characteristics of chloroplasts mean that plasmid transformation has important research value, so it has become an important research direction second to nuclear transformation. Although the techniques of chloroplast genome modification have been successfully applied in tobacco and extended to other high plants, there are still many limitations. Exogenous genes are integrated into the chloroplast genome through homologous recombination. Therefore, the low efficiency of homologous recombination directly limits transformation efficiency. Gene editing with fixed-point cutting function and DNA damage repair mechanism may effectively improve the efficiency. In the present study, we aimed to use CRISPR/Cas9 to cut the site between two homologous recombinant fragments in chloroplast transformation to improve the efficiency by activating the DNA damage repair mechanism. The Cas9 gene and gRNA were added to the chloroplast transformation system of tobacco by co-transformation or integration into a transformation vector. The acquired resistant plants were screened by multiple selection of spectinomycin and chloroplast DNA was isolated for molecular detection by PCR. The results showed that the efficiency of chloroplast transformation increased by 6–10 times with the addition of gene editing technology. Although the transformation efficiency was still far below the level of nuclear transformation, this study may help to increase the efficiency of the plant chloroplast transformation system, and expand the types of plant receptors.

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9

Wang, Zhan Jie, Wen Chen y Hai Long Wang. "Improvement on Real-Time Capability of Heartbeat Mechanism". Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (mayo de 2010): 938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.938.

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Heartbeat mechanism is the key technology of fault detection in cluster system, and the performance of heartbeat detection restricts the efficiency of high-availability clusters. Heartbeat packets will be delayed or even lost in the case of system or network overload, leading to the lack of real-time detection, the increased misjudgment rate, and reducing the reliability of the system. Aiming at the issue, this paper presented a new real-time heartbeat mechanism. By controlling the time of sending heartbeat packets, real-time Ethernet TTEP avoids the network delay and collision, which will speed up the detection of node failure, thereby increase the availability and stability of cluster system.

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10

Chen, Hucheng, Rui Nie, Wei Han y Jinhao Qiu. "Improvement mechanism of energy conversion efficiency in ultrasonic motor with flexible rotor". Ultrasonics 120 (marzo de 2022): 106659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106659.

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11

Lakshminarasimhan, Venkatnarayanan y Gopal Athani. "An Intelligent Alternator Control Mechanism for Energy Recuperation and Fuel Efficiency Improvement". SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains 2, n.º 1 (8 de abril de 2013): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1750.

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Moriyoshi, Yasuo, Seung-Hwan Choi, Koji Morikawa y Makoto Kaneko. "4715 Improvement of Thermal Efficiency by Using Variable Speed Piston-Crank Mechanism". Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.3 (2006): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.3.0_259.

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13

Zhang, Nana y Liang Mei. "Sustainable Development in the Service Industry: Managerial Learning and Management Improvement of Chinese Retailers". Sustainability 12, n.º 4 (14 de febrero de 2020): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041430.

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Research in sustainability has focused on the productive industry and other polluting sectors, leaving aside the sustainable development of the service industry such as retail. Increasingly, retail companies are facing substantial sustainability problems such as pressure from resource limitations, fierce competition, the variability of customer needs, and the development of technology. Adopting best practices through managerial learning is the key to achieving sustainable development for retailers. However, there is a lack of discussion of the micro mechanism of sustainable development in the existing sustainable research field. From the perspective of internal sustainable development, taking Chinese retailers as the sample, this study explores the effect of the managerial learning mechanism on sustainable development on the basis of empirical research. First, this study measures the management efficiency of Chinese retailers, which is the micro basis of sustainable development. Second, the effects of two types of managerial learning mechanisms (government-driven and professional organization driven) on management efficiency are tested. The results show that management efficiency contributes to the growth of the total factor productivity in Chinese retailers, and firms should attach importance to the improvement of management efficiency. Specifically, retailers can strengthen management efficiency by establishing managerial learning platforms with professional institutions, and thus prevent the substitution role of absorptive capacity.

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14

Qian, Yi. "Improvement of Teaching Management Mechanism for Engineering Education Accreditation". Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 7, n.º 9 (26 de septiembre de 2023): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v7i9.5320.

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In the context of engineering education accreditation, the teaching management mechanism should be student-centered and continuously improved. Therefore, the work of teaching secretaries and teaching supervisors also needs to be adjusted accordingly, in order to improve work efficiency and quality. This paper discusses the main contents and significance of engineering education accreditation, analyzes the relationship between teaching supervision, teaching secretary, and engineering education accreditation, applies the concept of engineering education accreditation to the work management of teaching secretary and teaching supervision, and proposes countermeasures to improve the work effect of teaching supervision and teaching secretary under the concept of engineering education accreditation.

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15

Alisherovna, Mukhitdinova Kamala. "The Mechanism of Increasing The Investment Attractiveness of Industrial Enterprises Improvement". Journal of Business and Halal Industry 1, n.º 4 (21 de junio de 2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/jbhi.v1i4.351.

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Durmanov, Akmal, Nafisa Abdurazakova, Alibek Eshev, Abror Mamasadikov y Malakhat Koshnazarova. "Improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing the quality of greenhouse products". E3S Web of Conferences 420 (2023): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342001027.

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The need to provide the population with quality and environmentally friendly food is an important task. To solve it, it is necessary to analyze the main organizational and economic mechanisms that affect the activities of the sector in order to increase the efficiency of greenhouse production. It should be noted that the greenhouse is a more complex organizational structure, so its creation requires more material resources. However, like any organization, the greenhouse industry needs a well-organized mechanism for cost-effectiveness. The research aims to study and formalize the organizational-economic mechanism and optimize the level of quality and volume of production of greenhouse products using the production function. The study of the organizational and economic mechanism of greenhouse When studying the structure and economics of the mechanism of greenhouse facilities, we used general scientific research methods such as analysis, synthesis, inductive, monographic research, abstract-logic, and others. An analysis is needed of the nature and form of the management mechanism and the economy to increase the quality and volume efficiency of production in the greenhouses of the republic. The basis for this is to improve the use of factors of production. The production function obtained from the study describes each organizational-economic mechanism, as well as their overall impact on the result of the activity, which allows the best redistribution of financial, labor, and technological resources. Possible ways to improve the implementation of several measures to ensure the most effective operation in the field of quality management, as well as in greenhouses, as in other sectors of the economy.

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17

Liu, Xinxing, Xinheng Liu, Lei Li, Rong Xu, Qi Ban y Rui Xu. "Has Trade Liberalization Promoted Energy Efficiency in Enterprises?" Sustainability 16, n.º 22 (11 de noviembre de 2024): 9826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16229826.

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Improving energy efficiency is a way for China’s economy to achieve sustainable development. Using data on listed industrial enterprises in China from 2000 to 2022, we investigate the impact of trade liberalization on the energy efficiency of Chinese firms and its mechanism of action at the micro-firm level. Our findings suggest that trade liberalization has greatly contributed to firms’ energy efficiency and the main conclusions in this paper still hold after a series of robustness tests. Further research shows that two channels that contribute to the improvement of firms’ energy efficiency are the expansion of the firm’s size and the improvement of production efficiency induced by trade liberalization. Another significant route according to which trade liberalization influences energy efficiency improvements by firms is the dynamic decomposition of industrial energy efficiency, which shows that 70.07% of industrial energy efficiency enhancement is due to structural adjustments. The heterogeneity analysis results show that the energy saving impact of trade liberalization is stronger for non-exporting, foreign-funded, growth-oriented enterprises that are based in the eastern region. Our study presents new ideas for the realization of energy conservation and emissions reduction from the perspective of trade liberalization, which is instructive in regard to the improvement of sustainable development of enterprises.

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18

Ando, Taiki, Tooru Yagasaki, Shuji Ichijo, Kyohei Sakagami y Soichiro Sumida. "Improvement of Transmission Efficiency in CVT Shifting Mechanism Using Metal Pushing V-Belt". SAE International Journal of Engines 8, n.º 3 (14 de abril de 2015): 1391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1103.

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Zhu, Di, Xiong Zhang, Tomoaki Izumi, Toshiyuki Akiyama y Hiroshi Kajiyama. "51.4: Mechanism of Luminous Efficiency Improvement of High γ and High Xe Discharge". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 42, n.º 1 (junio de 2011): 752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.3621437.

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Baziana, Peristera A. "Resource allocation mechanism for efficiency improvement in WDM networks: An analytical comparison study". Optical Switching and Networking 33 (julio de 2019): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2019.02.002.

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21

Wang, Yun-yan y Li-yuan Chai. "Mechanism of current efficiency improvement of Zn-Fe alloy electroplating by hydrogen inhibitor". Journal of Central South University of Technology 14, n.º 3 (junio de 2007): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-007-0066-4.

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РУТКЕВИЧ, ВОЛОДИМИР, СЕРГІЙ ШАРГОРОДСЬКИЙ y ОЛЕКСІЙ ОСТАПЕНКО. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРИВОДА ВИРІЗНОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ ДЛЯ ВИВАНТАЖЕННЯ СИЛОСУ ІЗ ТРАНШЕЙНИХ СХОВИЩ". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 341, n.º 5 (31 de octubre de 2024): 399–404. https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2024-341-5-58.

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The issue of efficiency improvement is under consideration unloading of stem fodder from trench storages, by development of the cutting mechanism to the front loader and justification of its drive. The technical solution of the drive i provided and theoretically substantiated cutting mechanism to the front loader. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing drives of mechanisms for cutting and unloading are indicated stem fodder from trench storages. It is noted that significant unbalanced forces of inertia arising during the operation of the knife of the cutting mechanism cause vibration of the working body and the entire loader. Reduction of inertial forces is possible when additional counterweights are installed on the links of the drive mechanism of the cutting body, but this will lead to a significant increase in pressure in the kinematic pairs, which reduces the durability and reliability of the knife drive mechanism. Proposed options for increasing the efficiency of the drive cutting mechanism. It is necessary to lighten the mass of the structure use the minimum possible number of links, as well as for increasing reliability it is necessary to get rid of flexible connections such as chain and belt transmissions. You can also increase the efficiency of the drive of the cutting mechanism by simultaneously moving two knives. A very important task is to create a balanced mechanism for the maximum reduction of the vibration of the notch mechanism with a front loader and premature wear of parts. Therefore, the most effective use of self-balancing mechanisms. Based on theoretical studies of drive kinematics and dynamics of the cutting mechanism, the development trends of this drive are outlined, which will ensure an improvement in the quality of execution by the working body of the technological process of removing fodder from trench storages and reduce dynamic load on the drive.

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23

Rong, Rong. "Research on Improving the Efficiency of Science and Technology Innovation in Universities in Western China under the Background of Big Data". Yixin Publisher 1, n.º 4 (30 de noviembre de 2023): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59825/jcs.2023.1.4.67.

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With the advent of the big data era, data has become an important resource to promote social progress and development. The western region has rich scientific and technological resources and educational resources, but compared with the eastern region, there is still a certain gap in its scientific and technological innovation ability and efficiency. By establishing the evaluation index system of the efficiency of science and technology innovation in universities under the background of big data, this paper analyzes the problems of improving the efficiency of science and technology innovation in western China, and puts forward the strategy of improving the efficiency of science and technology innovation in western China based on the innovation ecological mechanism. The research shows that the evaluation of scientific and technological innovation efficiency in universities in western China focuses on input and output indicators, and the establishment of an innovation ecological mechanism with internal improvement, external support, collaborative quality improvement and cooperative interconnection will promote the improvement of the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation. The research results provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of scientific and technological innovation efficiency in universities in western China.

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Surkova, Ekaterina y Galina Skachko. "Improvement of management mechanism for procurement activities of high-tech enterprises". E3S Web of Conferences 458 (2023): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345804021.

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The article studies the issues of procurement management in order to improve the efficiency of enterprises, as the procurement sector is one of the main factors of market regulation and support of economic stability of the state. Many Russian organisations (especially large business and state corporations) do not carry out competitive procurement procedures in full and such practice cannot properly increase the economic attractiveness of the organisation. In this connection, the issues of a new understanding of procurement as a strategic process are considered. Two main approaches to procurement activities are discussed - traditional and integrated. It is suggested to regulate procurement procedures by developing relevant documents at the enterprise: regulations, instructions. As an important, significant task in this case, the order of supplier selection is disclosed, allowing in practice to reduce the time of any purchase and, as a consequence, without loss of quality, to ensure uninterrupted supply of the enterprise with all the necessary, that is, to achieve the results set to target values. Thus, we can say that improving the management of procurement activities of enterprises, especially high-tech ones, leads to an increase in their efficiency.

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Okumiya, Masahiro, Satoshi Hagi, Kazuya Orita, Yoshiki Tsunekawa, Yoshito Umeda y Takayuki Nagai. "Efficiency Improvement of Vacuum Carburizing by Using Natural Gas". Solid State Phenomena 118 (diciembre de 2006): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.97.

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Acetylene and ethylene are frequently used in vacuum carburizing in Japan. In this study the natural gas which is available from the lifeline is applied to vacuum carburizing. The gas composition inside the furnace was analyzed by the gas chromatography in order to examine the carbon infiltration mechanism. Unsaturated hydrocarbon gases (such as acetylene and ethylene) are generated from the natural gas. The effect of acetylene concentration in the furnace on the carbon infiltration rate was investigated. The carbon amount which infiltrates into the steel increases, as acetylene concentration in furnace increases. It is possible that carbon concentration of specimen surface increases to the cementite precipitation concentration in the short term, when natural gas flow rate increases in the initial carburizing stage. After that, carbon concentration of specimen surface does not decrease, even if the natural gas flow decreases, because carbon atoms which are consumed for diffusion to inside are sufficiently supplied. By using this method, inhibition of soot generation, reduction of process gas and shortening of the carburizing period are possible. The carbon concentration profile of the vacuum carburized specimen was compared with the simulation.

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Ratnak, Sok, Jin Kusaka, Yasuhiro Daisho, Kei Yoshimura y Kenjiro Nakama. "Experiments and Simulations of a Lean-Boost Spark Ignition Engine for Thermal Efficiency Improvement". SAE International Journal of Engines 9, n.º 1 (17 de noviembre de 2015): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-32-0711.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Primary work is to investigate premixed laminar flame propagation in a constant volume chamber of iso-octane/air combustion. Experimental and numerical results are investigated by comparing flame front displacements under lean to rich conditions. As the laminar flame depends on equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure conditions, it is a main property for chemical reaction mechanism validation. Firstly, one-dimensional laminar flame burning velocities are predicted in order to validate a reduced chemical reaction mechanism. A set of laminar burning velocities with pressure, temperature, and mixture equivalence ratio dependences are combined into a 3D-CFD calculation to compare the predicted flame front displacements with that of experiments. It is found that the reaction mechanism is well validated under the coupled 1D-3D combustion calculations. Next, lean experiments are operated in a SI engine by boosting intake pressure to maintain high efficiency without output power penalty. The peak indicated thermal efficiency are finally achieved under λ=1.3 with intake manifold absolute pressure 150 kPa in experiment. Data of in-cylinder pressure and rate of heat release from the 3D-CFD simulations combined with the validated chemical reaction mechanism are reproduced. NOx emissions from experiment and simulation are also in good agreements under the lean-boost combustion. Further thermal efficiency improvements of the lean-boost SI engine are investigated numerically by using dilution rate, high induced in-cylinder flow, and high knock resistant fuel. The peak indicated thermal efficiency and load of the SI engine is achieved. In addition, methods to prevent knock for high efficiency spark ignition engine are also discussed.</div></div>

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VASYLKIVSKYI, Dmytro. "THE MECHANISM FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 316, n.º 2 (24 de febrero de 2023): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2023-316-2-54.

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The article delves deeply into the significance of machine-building in Ukraine’s economy, emphasizing its profound impact on the Gross Domestic Product and the overarching national economic security. It sheds light on the pivotal role of cutting-edge technologies, the essence of production automation, and the imperativeness of intellectualization in bolstering an enterprise’s competitive stance in the market. The research underscores the paramount importance of strategic evolution, the infusion of product innovations, and the relentless modernization of the enterprise’s core assets. Such endeavors not only cater to contemporary market demands but also fortify the enterprise’s position, ensuring its sustained growth and relevance in an ever-evolving economic landscape. The article further explores the challenges faced by the machine-building sector, the potential solutions to overcome these challenges, and the future prospects of this vital industry in the context of global trends and technological advancements. Additionally, it delves into the intricate interplay between policy-making, industry standards, and the role of innovation in shaping the trajectory of the machine-building sector in Ukraine. The research also provides insights into market dynamics, competitive strategies, and the potential pathways for the industry to navigate the complexities of the global market. Emphasis is placed on understanding the global context, the role of research and development, and the importance of fostering a culture of continuous improvement and innovation within the industry. The article also discusses the potential of collaboration between industry stakeholders, the role of government in facilitating growth, and the need for a holistic approach to address the multifaceted challenges faced by the sector.

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Kurmanova, G. K., B. U. Assilov y M. Daniyarova. "Improvement of the efficiency of using agricultural land". Problems of AgriMarket, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2021): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-4.2708-9991.19.

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The goal is to find ways to increase the efficiency of agricultural land turnover using GIS technologies. Methods – monographic, analytical, abstract logical, economic and statistical. Results - the presence of a significant potential of unused agricultural land, the need to develop a mechanism for transferring one type to another, drawing up a map of land resources that are not in operation, taking into account the quality condition depending on the bonitet scores based on the example of Akmola region are justified. It is shown that a number of changes have been made to the Rules of the rational use of agricultural land, in particular, it is necessary to fill out a web portal for their application (crop rotations, a field history book, etc.). It was revealed that in recent years, there has been a steady decrease in the State stock and the increase in the area of agricultural land. The authors state that today there are no standards regulating their transformation and the definition of the corresponding type. It is necessary to create a system for returning unused land plots to agricultural production based on geographic information systems. Space monitoring of land use was carried out, on the basis of which the maps of waste lands for 2021 and the distribution of bonitet points in Akmola region were compiled. Conclusions – at the legislative level, it is necessary to establish a legal regime regarding the land fund; when granting plots for land use, it is required to determine, first of all, the quality condition, belonging to a certain category of agricultural land and assignment to the category of targeted agricultural use. The lack of clear criteria for the suitability of this category for a specific use prevents the acceleration of the process of bringing unused arable land into use.

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Duan, Ding Qiang y Qiu Hong Hu. "Industrial Structure Adjustment, Technology Innovation and Energy Efficiency Improvement - An Empirical Analysis Based on the Statistical Data of Hubei Province". Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (agosto de 2013): 1688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1688.

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This paper reviewed and analyzed the literature about the improvement mechanism of energy efficiency, examining the relationship among industrial structure adjustment, technology innovation and energy efficiency with Hubei province’s data during 2001~2010, and finding that industrial structure adjustment and technology innovation can promote energy efficiency very significantly. Even so, because the elimination of backward production capacity will be more difficult and the energy-saving space will be narrower, government should encourage citizens’ participation, pay more attention to the use of market mechanisms, and promote the development and application of the technology using preferential tax policies.

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Cai, Jun, Jian-Zhen Luo, Yan Liu, Wenguo Wei y Fangyuan Lei. "A network community restructuring mechanism for transport efficiency improvement in scale-free complex networks". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 30, n.º 5 (8 de septiembre de 2017): e4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4273.

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31

Guo, Ming-Huang, Der-Jiunn Deng, Horng-Twu Liaw y Jong Hyuk Park. "An efficient route scheduling mechanism for WiMAX network". Knowledge Engineering Review 29, n.º 4 (septiembre de 2014): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888914000162.

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AbstractWiMAX was proposed as the new wireless network standard in recent years. In the wide cover area of WiMAX environment, there are many nodes and interference. In order to obtain the efficiency, the avoidance to the interference is important. In this paper, we propose a two-tier cluster-based route scheduling mechanism on WiMAX Mesh mode. It achieves both fairness and efficiency inside and outside the cluster. The simulation result shows that our mechanism provides great improvement in average delay time and throughput than other research.

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32

Fan, Fei, Dailin Cao y Ning Ma. "Is Improvement of Innovation Efficiency Conducive to Haze Governance? Empirical Evidence from 283 Chinese Cities". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 17 (21 de agosto de 2020): 6095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176095.

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In recent years, haze pollution has had a wide impact in China. This research systematically studies the influence mechanism of haze pollution from a new perspective of urban innovation efficiency. We use a generalised space two-stage least squares method to analyse the correlation between urban innovation efficiency and haze pollution. The periodic and regional influences of urban innovation efficiency on haze pollution is explored using a threshold regression model. Through the mediating effect model, we accurately identify the transmission mechanism of urban innovation efficiency affecting haze pollution. The results show a significant inverted ‘U’ relationship between improvement of urban innovation efficiency and haze pollution. The regional innovation activities of innovative cities differ greatly from those of non-innovative cities. The effect of innovation efficiency improvement in innovative cities on haze governance is better than that of non-innovative pilot cities. In eastern cities with a higher level of economic development, the improvement of innovation efficiency has a stronger impact on haze governance. Industrial structure and population agglomeration have a mediating effect on the impact of urban innovation efficiency on haze pollution, providing directions for the rational formulation and effective implementation of haze governance policies in China, as well as in other countries.

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33

Clarke, A., A. M. Howe, J. Mitchell, J. Staniland y L. A. Hawkes. "How Viscoelastic-Polymer Flooding Enhances Displacement Efficiency". SPE Journal 21, n.º 03 (15 de junio de 2016): 0675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174654-pa.

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Summary Increasing flooding-solution viscosity with polymers provides a favorable mobility ratio compared with brine flooding and hence improves volumetric sweep efficiency. Flooding with a polymer solution exhibiting elastic properties has been reported to increase displacement efficiency, resulting in a sustained doubling of the recovery enhancement compared with the use of conventional viscous-polymer flooding (Wang et al. 2011). Flooding with viscoelastic-polymer solutions is claimed also to increase recovery more than expected from changes in capillary number alone (Wang et al. 2010). This increase in displacement efficiency by viscoelastic polymers is reported to occur because of changes in the steady-state-flow profile and enhancements in oil stripping and thread formation. However, within the industry there are doubts that a genuine effect is observed, or that improvements in displacement efficiency occur with field-applicable flow regimes (Vermolen et al. 2014). In this study, we demonstrate that flooding with viscoelastic-polymer solutions can indeed increase recovery more than expected from changes in capillary number. We show a mechanism of fluctuations in flow at low Reynolds number by which viscoelastic-polymer solutions provide improvements in displacement efficiency. The mechanism, known as elastic turbulence, is an effect previously unrecognized in this context. We demonstrate that the effect may be obtained at field-relevant flow rates. Furthermore, this underlying mechanism explains both the enhanced capillary-desaturation curves and the observation of apparent flow thickening (Delshad et al. 2008; Seright et al. 2011) for these viscoelastic solutions in porous media. The work contrasts experiments on flow and recovery by use of viscous and viscoelastic-polymer solutions. The circumstances under which viscoelasticity is beneficial are demonstrated. The findings are applicable to the design of formulations for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by polymer flooding. A combination of coreflooding, micromodel flow, and rheometric studies is presented. The results include single-phase and multiphase floods in sandstone cores. Polymer solutions are viscoelastic [partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)] or viscous (xanthan). The effects of molecular weight, flow rate, and concentration of the HPAMs are described. The data lead us to suggest a mechanism that may be used to explain the observations of improved displacement efficiency and why the improvement is not seen for all viscoelastic-polymer floods.

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34

Ualiyeva, M. A. "Land tax as the main element of the economic mechanism for efficient land management". BULLETIN OF THE KARAGANDA UNIVERSITY. ECONOMY SERIES 101, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2021): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ec1/133-142.

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Object: To review the impact of land tax on the efficiency of agricultural development. To review the procedure for calculating land tax in Kazakhstan. To study the features of land tax collection. To consider improving the taxation of agricultural land resources. Methods: During the course of the study, we used statistical data analysis and methods of comparative analysis. Findings: This paper reviews the aspects of agricultural land plots taxation. We have analyzed a number of factors affecting the effective taxation of land resources in Kazakhstan. We have performed a comparative analysis of land taxation in the EAEU countries. We have identified key components affecting land taxation and the main parameters of their functional efficiency. Conclusions: This paper analyzes the current state of land taxation. We have developed proposals for the development of land taxation and improvement based on cadastral valuation. The results of the study allow us to conclude which of these aspects affect the effective land management.

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35

Li, Wei. "Research on the Impact of Digital Economy on Industrial Energy Efficiency". Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 7, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2022): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v7i1.3911.

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Under the background of "dual control" of total and intensity of energy consumption in China, improving energy efficiency has become an important topic in China's economic development. The penetration effect, synergy effect and substitution effect of digital economy on industry have brought about great changes in the industrial development model, which may have an impact on energy efficiency. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of the effect of digital economy on industrial energy efficiency and the panel data of 280 cities in China, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digital economy development on industrial energy efficiency. The empirical results show that digital economy promotes the improvement of industrial energy efficiency. The intermediate mechanism is that digital economy realizes the improvement of energy efficiency through the integration of production and marketing and accelerating the substitution of data elements for power resources elements, which is more significant in cities with high levels of economic development, innovation and industrial structure.

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36

Zhanghu, Mengyuan, Yibo Liu y Zhaojun Liu. "P‐156: Efficiency Improvement Mechanism Analysis of Sidewall Passivation GaN based Micro‐LEDs by Atomic Layer Deposition". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, n.º 1 (junio de 2024): 1981–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17983.

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Sidewall passivation using atomic layer deposition (ALD) can efficiently improve external quantum efficiency (EQE). Such treatment increases EQE, a combination of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and light extraction efficiency (LEE), primarily by curtailing surface recombination according to the ABC model. Determined by the ratio of radiative recombination rate to total recombination rate, the IQE of an LED holds a significant correlation with the diode's ideality factor in the Shockley model. In this paper, we analysis the mechanism of ALD sidewall passivation enhancing device performance in detail from the aspects of electrical performance improvement and optical performance improvement.

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37

Mirsodikov, A. "Improvement of Cost Management Mechanisms in the Logistics Chains of the Construction Industry". Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, n.º 2 (15 de febrero de 2022): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/75/31.

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The article examines the issue of improving the cost management mechanism in the supply chains of the construction industry, which in recent years has the potential for the rapid development of the Uzbekistan economy. In the course of the study, based on data analysis, the state of changes in construction work at the republican level was studied, an analysis was made of the volume of work performed by regions of the country. A model of market relations in the construction industry is proposed, based on the fact that the control mechanisms of this model consist of organizational and economic mechanisms developed in each direction, the main task of organizational and economic control mechanisms is to ensure the efficiency of the process by influencing the control object.

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38

Liu, Weijiang, Tingting Liu, Yangyang Li y Min Liu. "Recycling Carbon Tax under Different Energy Efficiency Improvements: A CGE Analysis of China". Sustainability 13, n.º 9 (25 de abril de 2021): 4804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094804.

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Carbon emission reductions and sustainable development have become hot issues in international conferences. As the most direct instrument for carbon emission reductions, the carbon tax has not been favored by policymakers because of its negative effect on the economy. To achieve low-carbon sustainable development, we use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate carbon tax recycling under different energy transfer efficiency improvements to achieve triple dividends of carbon emission reductions and social welfare improvement. This paper contributes to the literature on recycling carbon tax for triple dividends in China. The simulation has three main findings: (i) the carbon tax revenue recycling toward reducing the resident income tax rate yields triple dividends without any energy transfer efficiency improvement; (ii) the losses of GDP and social welfare are exaggerated. Meanwhile, the carbon tax brings down carbon emissions and total carbon intensity of GDP with a mild impact on the Chinese economy; (iii) the improvement of energy transfer efficiency demonstrates the advantages of recycling carbon tax and is essential for achieving triple dividends. Thus, we propose the following policy recommendations: (i) the pilot carbon tax mechanism should be launched in high-carbon sectors (such as coal) and then implemented in other industries gradually; (ii) the government should strongly support the technological improvement of energy transfer efficiency in order to achieve sustainable development.

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39

KUMAMOTO, Shogo, Kyohei HOSODA y Kenjiro TAKEMURA. "2A1-O01 Improvement of Driving Efficiency of Ultrasonic Motor by Improvement of Vibration Configuration(Mechanism and Control for Actuator (1))". Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2014 (2014): _2A1—O01_1—_A1—O01_4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2014._2a1-o01_1.

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40

Zheng, Pengkun y Keshav Lall Maharjan. "Does Rural Labor Transfer Impact Chinese Agricultural Carbon Emission Efficiency? A Substitution Perspective of Agricultural Machinery". Sustainability 16, n.º 14 (10 de julio de 2024): 5870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145870.

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In this paper, referring to Kaya’s method, the ratio of gross agricultural production (GAP) and agricultural carbon emission is defined as agricultural carbon emission efficiency (ACEE). Considering rural labor transfer (RLT) increases the agricultural machinery intensity (AMI), the two are substitutes for each other and may interact with agricultural carbon emission efficiency (ACEE). We constructed a Simultaneous Equations Model (SEM) of ACEE, RLT and AMI and analyzed the interaction mechanism of these three variables using the Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS). The following conclusions are drawn. First, RLT and AMI significantly promote the improvement of ACEE, while the improvement of ACEE and AMI further promotes RLT. Secondly, the causal relationship and influence mechanism of ACEE, RLT and AMI are interactive and multi-directional. For example, an increase in AMI promotes ACEE, but an increase in ACEE inhibits an increase in AMI. Finally, China has significant regional heterogeneity, and different regions have different interaction mechanisms. Local governments should consider the local economic base and technological level when implementing policies. This paper extends the analytical framework of ACEE, RLT, and AMI and provides a reference for governments to make policies.

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41

Pan, Zhe. "Chip War: Rethinking on the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism". Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 20 (30 de noviembre de 2023): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v20i.12324.

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This paper examines the challenges faced by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Dispute Settlement Mechanism and proposes the necessity for improvement and reform. By analyzing the case of the chip war, the paper identifies the delay and self-compliance as major factors contributing to these challenges. To address these issues, an efficiency reform is proposed, including streamlining procedures, rebuilding the Appellate Body, and strengthening enforcement mechanisms. While several suggestions have been put forward, unresolved issues regarding the restoration of member parties' credibility still require attention. The paper aims to contribute to revitalizing this successful dispute settlement mechanism.

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42

Zhu, Jin, Renjie Wei, Jie Peng y Di Dai. "Improvement Schemes for Bacteria in MICP: A Review". Materials 17, n.º 22 (6 de noviembre de 2024): 5420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17225420.

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Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in nature, and the use of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology for engineering construction is a successful attempt to utilize natural biological phenomena, which has become a hot topic of current research. There are many factors affecting MICP, such as bacterial properties and external environmental factors. Many scholars have carried out a lot of research on these factors, but even under appropriate conditions, the MICP process still has the problem of low efficiency. According to different engineering, the tolerance and effect of bacteria in different environments are also different. At the same time, the cultivation and preservation of bacteria will also consume a large amount of raw materials, which is far more significant than the cost of engineering construction. The efficiency and cost limit the large-scale application of this technology in practical engineering. In response to these problems, researchers are exploring new ways to improve the efficiency of MICP technology. Based on the bacteria used in MICP, this paper explores the mechanism of bacteria in the process of MICP and reviews the improvement of bacteria from the perspective of efficiency improvement and economy.

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43

Song, Changheon, Jintai Chung, Jae-Sang Cho y Yun-Joo Nam. "Optimal Design Parameters of a Percussive Drilling System for Efficiency Improvement". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2346598.

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This paper aims to determine the optimal design parameters for percussive drilling systems considering the bit-rock interaction. First, the motion dynamics of a bit impacted by a dropped piston are modeled by impact stress propagation and a rock-breaking mechanism representing the penetration resistance coefficient and unloading constant. Next, the damping vibration behavior of the bit is investigated considering the impact duration and the rock loading/unloading condition. In addition, the proposed dynamics are simplified by adopting two dimensionless parameters representing the bit-piston mass ratio and the rock-piston stiffness ratio. Finally, the drilling efficiency, defined by the energy transmitted from the piston to the rock, is presented in terms of the proposed parameters. The use of optimal design parameters for percussive drilling systems improved the drilling efficiency. These results are applicable to the design and performance estimation of down-the-hole and top-hammer systems.

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44

Liu, Mingzheng, Guohong Wang y Hao Huang. "Influencing Factors and Improvement Path of Synergistic Value Creation Efficiency of Emerging Enterprises". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (16 de mayo de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8075349.

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The cooperation between emerging enterprises and different enterprises can stimulate innovation enthusiasm and realize synergistic value creation. At present, there is no regular pattern and rules for synergistic value creation among emerging enterprises, which cannot achieve effective synergistic value creation. Based on the complex network relationship and dynamic model of game evolution among multiple entities of value creation within emerging enterprises, the factors that affect the efficiency of synergistic value creation in the aspect of input, benefit assignment, and interaction mechanism of synergistic value creation are analyzed and then the path of the promotion of synergistic value creation among the entities of new enterprises is studied. The results show that the core enterprises play a leading role in the cooperation input among emerging enterprises, and if the balance of interests among cooperative enterprises is guaranteed, the revenue effect is the best, and the network cooperation density is the strongest. The game evolution shows that, in order to improve the efficiency of synergistic value creation, it is necessary to improve the expected coefficient and number of synergies between enterprises and establish a mechanism for equitable distribution of synergies by strengthening information exchange among enterprises in emerging industries, so as to build an atmosphere of synergies, the complementarity of assets and synergies.

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45

Melnyk, Iryna, Yevgenia Hmelnitska y Nadiia Bahan. "Organizational-economic and legal mechanisms of increasing the security efficiency of resource management of innovation-oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry in the context of digitalization". Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 9, n.º 1 (31 de enero de 2024): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2024-1-66.

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The article is devoted to the organizational, economic, and legal mechanisms that increase the security and efficiency of resource management of innovatively oriented hospitality industry enterprises in the context of digitalization. The study, crucial for the future of the hospitality industry, aimed to investigate the organizational, economic, and legal mechanisms for enhancing the security and efficiency of resource management in innovatively oriented hospitality enterprises within the context of digitalization. Given that one of the strategic tasks of the modern stage of development of the hospitality industry is to saturate the market with appropriate services that provide rationality and economy in the use of the critical resources of the enterprise: land, material, intangible, labor, financial, informational, time and entrepreneurial, its implementation determines the need the development of specific measures and the formation of a set of tools that would ensure the accelerated introduction of the hospitality industry to a new stage of economic development with further improvement of the efficiency of the production and economic potential of economic entities. The above actualizes the study of the organizational, economic, and legal mechanism of increasing the security efficiency of resource management of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry in the context of digitalization. The directions for increasing the efficiency of the use of resources of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry within the proposed mechanism are divided as follows: improving the quality of technical equipment, especially in the field of service provision; introduction of resource-saving technologies; introduction of new equipment and technology based on the achievements of scientific and technical progress; increasing the level of automation and robotization of technological processes and auxiliary works; reduction of production losses and waste; improvement of technological methods of production, reduction of waste and loss of resources due to the above-mentioned factors; ensuring the high quality of raw materials and materials necessary for the provision of services; introduction of new types of raw materials; improving the quality of services; selection of the most rational order forms; increasing the level of specialization of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry. Keywords: organizational and economic mechanism, legal mechanism, security, efficiency, resource management, innovation-oriented enterprises, hospitality industry, digitalization.

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46

Yan, Rong, Jun Wang, Wei Zhi Li y Chong Wang. "Out-Coupling Efficiency Improvement in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Inverted Pyramid Glass Substrates". Advanced Materials Research 815 (octubre de 2013): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.142.

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The external quantum efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) was suppressed by the wave guide mode in the glass substrate and organic layers. In this paper, a mechanism is developed to simulate the optical luminous field for OLEDs based on inverted pyramid substrate structure. Monte Carlo method was used to optimize the structural parameters to enhance the external quantum efficiency of device by changing the substrate structure. A considerable enhancement in the extraction efficiency of the OLED is expected theoretically, and near 42% out-coupling efficiency was achieved in experiment without affecting the electroluminescent spectrum.

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47

Kang, Geum-Choon, Yoen-Ku Kang, Young-Sun Ryou, Young-Joong Kim, Si-Young Lee y Yee Paek. "Mechanism Improvement of the Heat Exchanger for the Thermal Efficiency Increase of Hot Air Heater". Journal of Biosystems Engineering 34, n.º 5 (25 de octubre de 2009): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5307/jbe.2009.34.5.363.

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48

Liu, Yan-Ning y Li-Yuan He. "Effects of Alkali-Activated Algae Biochar on Soil Improvement after Phosphorus Absorption: Efficiency and Mechanism". Sustainability 13, n.º 21 (29 de octubre de 2021): 11973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111973.

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Biochar is often used for the removal of phosphorus in wastewater. However, the improper treatment of adsorbed biochar might cause secondary pollution. In order to promote the recycling and harmless utilization of biochar with adsorbed phosphorus, a new modified biochar (ABC) was prepared from cyanobacteria in this study. The maximum adsorption capacity of ABC calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was 38.17 mg·g−1. ABC was used to absorb phosphorus in wastewater, whose product (ABC/P) was used for soil improvement and soybean cultivation. The results showed that adding the proper amount of ABC/P could significantly increase the pH of the soil (from 6.52 ± 0.04 to 7.49 ± 0.08), organic matter content (from 34.02 ± 0.41 to 47.05 ± 0.14 g·kg−1), cation exchange capacity (from 3.01 ± 0.18 to 3.76 ± 0.07 cmol·kg−1), water-holding capacity (from 28.78 ± 0.34 to 35.03 ± 0.31%), effective phosphorus content, and total phosphorus content. Meanwhile, the soil alkaline phosphatase activity was improved. The plant height, root length, and fresh quality were promoted by planting soybeans in ABC/P-improved soil and were better than those of the control group. Therefore, ABC/P, as a new type of phosphorus fertilizer, has the potential for soil amendment for legume crops.

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49

Ming, Hao, Jing Meng, Ciwei Gao, Meng Song, Tao Chen y Dae-Hyun Choi. "Efficiency improvement of decentralized incentive-based demand response: Social welfare analysis and market mechanism design". Applied Energy 331 (febrero de 2023): 120317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120317.

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50

Jo, Sung-Eun, Sanghoon Joung, Jun-Kyo Francis Suh y Yong-Jun Kim. "Improvement of wireless power transmission efficiency of implantable subcutaneous devices by closed magnetic circuit mechanism". Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 50, n.º 9 (18 de julio de 2012): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-012-0939-z.

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