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1
Hamieh, Reem. "Concurrence, stabilité et efficience productive des banques dans la région MENA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU2175.
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Cette thèse vise à étudier la relation entre la concurrence, l'efficience coût et la stabilité bancaire d'une part et, la relation entre la gouvernance et la stabilité bancaire d'autre part pour un échantillon des banques commerciales opérantes dans la région MENA au cours de la période 1999-2020. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous nous sommes basés sur les théories de l'économie industrielle, de la concurrence (modèle structure-comportement-performance ; indicateur de lerner ; la Statistique H de Panzar-Rosse), de l'efficience productive (modèle de frontière stochastique) et de la gouvernance. Les résultats obtenus à l'aide des modèles des données de panel et de la méthode des moments généralisés (GMM-Système) ont montré que l'efficience coût, le ratio de capital, le ratio de liquidité, la rentabilité et le taux de croissance économique affectent positivement la stabilité bancaire. Cependant, les résultats ont révélé l'existence d'une relation négative entre le pouvoir de marché et la stabilité bancaire. En ce qui concerne la relation entre la gouvernance et la stabilité bancaire, les résultats ont montré l'existence d'une relation négative entre la stabilité et la dualité de fonction de président et de directeur général d'une part, et d'une relation positive entre le comité de risque, la taille du conseil d'administration, la diversité des genres et la stabilité bancaire d'autre part. Enfin, les résultats ont révélé que les facteurs institutionnels (contrôle de la corruption, qualité de la régulation, l'État de droit, etc.) sont considérés comme des facteurs explicatifs de la stabilité bancaire dans la région MENAThe objective of this thesis research is two-fold: on the one hand, to examine the relationship between competition, cost efficiency, and banking stability; and on the other, to assess the relationship between governance and banking stability both of which relate to commercial banks operating in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The research covers the period from 1999 to 2020. To meet this two-fold objective, we based our analysis on theories of industrial organization economics and competition (i.e. structure-conduct- performance paradigm; Lerner index; Panzar-Rosse model), productive efficiency (stochastic frontier model) and governance. The results obtained using panel data models and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-System) demonstrate that cost efficiency, capital ratio, liquidity ratio, profitability, and investment rate of economic growth positively affect banking stability in the MENA region. In addition, the results show that there is a negative relationship between market power and banking stability. Regarding the relationship between governance and banking stability, the results indicate the existence of a negative relationship between stability and the role duality of the chairperson and CEO on the one hand, and a positive relationship between risk committee, board size, gender diversity, and banking stability on the other. Finally, the results demonstrate that institutional factors (i.e. control of corruption, quality of regulation, rule of law, etc.) are considered as explanatory factors for banking stability in the MENA region
2
Monsanto, Pierre Marcel. "Efficience productive agricole de neuf pays de l'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6097.
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L'objectif de ce travail est de mesurer l'efficience agricole de neuf pays de l'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (Haïti, Cuba, République Dominicaine, Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Suriname, Venezuela) longeant la mer des Caraïbes et qui comportent certaines caractéristiques du point de vue institutionnel. Dans un premier temps, nous avons appliqué le modèle DEA (Data Envelopement Analysis ) à travers des données extraites de la FAOStat pour le calcul des scores d'efficience. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons simultanément utilisé un modèle MCO et un modèle Tobit à travers des données extraites des sources diverses (FAOStat, Banque Mondiale, UNESCO) afin d'analyser les facteurs déterminants de la capacité de gestion des exploitants agricoles. Ainsi, les résultats ont révélé que seulement 10 % des unités évaluées sont techniquement efficientes (score d'efficience technique totale égal à 1), 16 % obtiennent une efficience pure maximale (score égal à 1) et 9 % atteignent une efficience d'échelle optimale (score d'efficience totale et d'efficience pure égal à 1 simultanément). Parallèlement, nous avons remarqué que, dans l'ensemble, les pays seraient en mesure de conserver leurs niveaux actuels de production tout en réduisant de 24 % l'utilisation des ressources à leurs dispositions (score d'efficience totale moyenne étant égal à 76 %). Dans le même temps, nous avons constaté l'existence des problèmes de gaspillage d'intrants agricoles dus à la mauvaise pratique agricole assez considérables au niveau des pays (score d'efficience pure égal à 20 %). L'inefficience totale ainsi révélée serait plutôt due à des faiblesses de capacité managériale des agriculteurs qu'à des problèmes de taille des exploitations (efficience d'échelle moyenne étant égale à 96 %). Il est à noter qu'Haïti détient le score d'efficience totale le plus élevé (97 %) durant la période considérée. Cette situation serait attribuable à la faible taille des structures productives haïtiennes dans le sens que celles-ci se trouveraient sans comparaison dans l'échantillon et deviennent artificiellement efficientes. À l'opposé, avec une efficience totale de 59 %, le Honduras se retrouve en dernière position, place peu enviable par rapport aux voisins de l'étude. Ce faible niveau d'efficience serait particulièrement attribuable à l'adoption des cultures traditionnelles à faibles valeurs marchandes. Par ailleurs, les résultats issus des deux modèles économétriques (Tobit et OLS) soutiennent, comme il fallait s'y attendre, une corrélation positive entre la capacité managériale des agriculteurs et le prélèvement en eau agricole, les dépenses en santé et en éducation et le revêtement routier.
3
Francis, Merwin. "A model for assessing the anticipated relative financial impact of implementing the tools of lean manufacturing on a manufacturing concern". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1326.
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Lean manufacturing has seen its creators, Toyota, rise from insignificance in the middle of the previous century, to the biggest selling car manufacturer in the world today. Another Japanese car manufacturer, Honda, which has also been practising the principles of lean avidly during the last few decades, has also made huge strides towards becoming a dominant force in the car market. These Japanese companies‟ adoption of lean has seen many of their mass producing United States (US) and European counterparts struggle for survival. Maynard (2003:10) predicted that by the end of the decade, at least one of the „Big Three‟ auto makers in the US – Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors (GM) – would be forced to undertake significant restructuring to continue in operation. At the time of this writing all indications are that this prediction will come true. GM is in the process of major shareholding restructuring in an attempt to keep the company afloat, having run up insurmountable debts in the face of the current global economic downturn. Adopting the lean methodology has become a matter of necessity. The continued use of mass production methods alone is no longer viable; companies need to also employ lean methods intelligently in order to remain competitive. This study is regarded as a crucial endeavour to assist operations managers of manufacturing concerns in developing lean implementation strategies which will maximise the benefits to the organization.
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Pathomsiri, Somchai. "Assessment of productive efficiency of airports". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3888.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Ben, Zekri Mghirbi Yosser. "Analyse des compromis entre la production et l’efficience de l’eau et de l’azote dans les systèmes céréaliers méditerranéens à base de blé dur". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0019/document.
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La faible efficience des ressources non renouvelables comme l’eau et l’azote, constitue un frein à un accroissement durable de la production des céréales. L’augmentation simultanée de l’efficience de l’utilisation de ces deux facteurs et des rendements constitue un défi majeur pour la production céréalière en méditerrané, principalement la production de blé dur. L'objectif de la thèse est d’analyser la variabilité des rendements de blé dur en Tunisie vis-à-vis des deux facteurs de production l’eau et l’azote et les possibilités d’augmenter conjointement la productivité et l’efficience dans les systèmes de culture à base de blé dur. Cette étude s’appuie sur des données expérimentales, de statistiques régionales et d’enquêtes entreprises auprès des agriculteurs sur 537 situations agronomiques (la combinaison d’une parcelle de blé dur, une année et un précédent cultural) de blé dur dans 4 régions qui fournissent une partie importante de la production céréalière. Les données collectées nous ont permis d’établir un cadre d’analyse des compromis entre l’efficience de l’utilisation de la ressource (eau et azote) et le rendement, en se basant sur l’approche de la décomposition de l’efficience et les concepts de facteur limitant, de frontière d’éco-efficience et d’écart de rendement. Testé avec des données expérimentales et appliqué sur les données d’agriculteurs, pour le cas de l’azote, ce cadre a démontré qu’avec un précédent non céréalier, particulièrement des légumineuses, on peut obtenir un potentiel d’absorption d’azote beaucoup plus élevé qu’en monoculture. Les précédents culturaux diversifiés ont permis aussi d’augmenter simultanément la production et l’efficience de l’utilisation d’azote. En revanche, l’augmentation de la frontière d’efficience de la captation d’azote a été marquée par un accroissement des écarts d’absorption à cette frontière, indiquant un effet plus marqué des autres facteurs limitants dans le cas de rotations diversifiées. L’eau et ses interactions avec l’azote pourraient être considérées parmi les principaux facteurs qui peuvent affecter l’absorption azotée et par conséquent les rendements de blé dur. Ce travail permettrait de combiner d’une part le diagnostic des facteurs limitant la production au niveau des parcelles d’agriculteurs et d’autre part l’analyse des scénarios de gestion des compromis production efficience avec les agriculteurs et les décideursThe low efficiency of non-renewable resources such as water and nitrogen is a constraint for a sustained increase in cereal production. The simultaneous increase in water and nitrogen use efficiency and yields is a major challenge for cereal production in the Mediterranean, mainly for durum wheat production. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the variability of durum yields in Tunisia with respect to the two factors of production water and nitrogen and the opportunities of jointly increasing productivity and efficiency in a durum wheat-based cropping systems. This study is based on experimental data, regional statistics and farm surveys conducted on a sample of 537 agronomic situations (the combination of a farmer’s field, a year and a previous crop) which are representative of the diversity of farmers’ practices in four grain-producing regions that provide a major part of cereal production. Based on the efficiency decomposition approach and the concepts of limiting factor, eco-efficiency frontier and yield gap, data collected allowed us to establish a framework allowing to analyze trade-offs between the resource (water and nitrogen) use efficiency and yield. Tested with experimental data and applied to farmers' data for the case of nitrogen, this framework demonstrated that non-cereal preceding crops, especially legumes, result in a higher potential for N uptake by durum wheat than with a monoculture. Diversified rotations result also to an increase in both yield and N-use efficiency of the following durum wheat. The increase in the efficiency frontier of nitrogen capture is partly of-set by increased N uptake gaps in farmers’ fields indicating the presence of other limiting factors. Water and its interactions with nitrogen could be considered among the main factors that may affect nitrogen uptake and hence yields of durum wheat. This work would allow combining, on the one hand, the diagnosis of limiting factors at the level of farmer’s fields and on the other hand the analysis of scenarios for the management of trade-offs between production efficiency with farmers and decision-makers
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Guesmi, Bouali. "The productive efficiency in agriculture: recent methodological advances". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144627.
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Firm-level productivity and efficiency analyses have important implications for the evaluation of their economic viability and sustainability. The assessment of a firm's performance requires the use of an adequate methodological approach to derive sound efficiency estimates. By targeting economic sectors not previously investigated and using new methodological approaches, this thesis contributes to the literature both from a methodological and empirical point of view.
Three specific objectives have been pursued in three papers that constitute the main body of the present thesis. The main purpose of the first paper is to compare the efficiency ratings of organic and conventional grape farms in Catalonia. To do so, we fit a stochastic production frontier to cross sectional, farm-level data collected from a sample of 141 Catalan farms that specialize in grape growing. Results show that organic farmers, on average, are more efficient than their conventional counterparts (efficiency ratings are on the order of 0.80 and 0.64, respectively). Apart from adoption of organic practices, experience is also found to improve technical efficiency. Conversely, technical efficiency tends to decrease with the relevance of unpaid family labor, farm location in less favored areas, and farmers' concerns for environmental preservation.
In the second paper, local maximum likelihood (LML) methods, recently proposed by Kumbhakar et al. (2007), are applied to assess the technical efficiency of a sample of arable crop Kansas farms. LML techniques overcome the most relevant limitations associated to mainstream parametric and nonparametric frontier models. Results suggest that Kansas farms reach technical efficiency levels on the order of 91%. These results are compared with data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis efficiency estimates.
The last paper focuses on the assessment of technical and environmental efficiency of Catalan arable crop farms. Specifically, we apply the methodology recently developed by Coelli et al. (2007) and extend it to a consideration of the stochastic conditions under which production takes place, as proposed by Chambers and Quiggin (1998 and 2000). Results suggest that sample farms reach technical and environmental efficiency levels on the order of 93% and 74%, respectively.El análisis de la productividad y la eficiencia tiene importantes implicaciones para la evaluación de la viabilidad económica y la sostenibilidad de las empresas. Dicha evaluación requiere el uso de un enfoque metodológico adecuado que produzca estimaciones de eficiencia no sesgadas. Mediante el estudio de sectores económicos no analizados con anterioridad y la adopción de nuevos enfoques metodológicos, esta tesis contribuye a la literatura, tanto desde el punto de vista metodológico como empírico. La tesis estudia tres cuestiones principales que se reflejan en tres artículos científicos independientes, que constituyen el elemento central de la misma. El principal objetivo del primer artículo es el de comparar la eficiencia técnica de las explotaciones de uva ecológicas y convencionales en Cataluña. Para ello utilizamos el modelo de la frontera de producción estocástica. El análisis se basa en datos de corte transversal de una muestra de 141 explotaciones catalanas especializadas en la producción de uva. Los resultados sugieren que los agricultores ecológicos son, de promedio, técnicamente más eficientes que los convencionales (los ratios de eficiencia son 0,80 y 0,64, respectivamente). Además de la adopción de técnicas ecológicas, la experiencia también incrementa la eficiencia técnica. En cambio, las explotaciones con una mayor proporción de trabajo no remunerado, que se encuentran en una zona desfavorecida y/o que tienden a tener fuertes preferencias por preservar el medio ambiente, son generalmente menos eficientes. En el segundo artículo, se utilizan los métodos de máxima verosimilitud local (LML) propuestos recientemente por Kumbhakar et al. (2007) para estimar la eficiencia técnica de una muestra de explotaciones agrícolas especializadas en la producción de cereales, oleaginosas y proteaginosas en Kansas. Las técnicas LML permiten superar muchas de las limitaciones asociadas a los modelos de frontera paramétricos y no paramétricos. Los resultados sugieren que las explotaciones de Kansas son técnicamente eficientes, con niveles de eficiencia del orden del 91%. Estos resultados se comparan con los ratios de eficiencia obtenidos a través del análisis de la envolvente de datos y de la frontera de producción estocástica. El último artículo se centra en la estimación de la eficiencia técnica y medioambiental de una muestra de explotaciones Catalanas especializadas en la producción de cereales, oleaginosas y proteaginosas. Para ello se aplica una versión ampliada de la metodología desarrollada recientemente por Coelli et al. (2007), la cual se extiende para considerar explícitamente las condiciones estocásticas bajo las cuales tiene lugar la producción. Para ello se utilizan los métodos estado-contingente propuestos por Chambers y Quiggin (1998 y 2000). Los resultados sugieren que las explotaciones presentan niveles de eficiencia técnica y medioambiental del orden del 93% y 74%, respectivamente.
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Kuwabara, Kazuaki. "Quality and productive efficiency in simple laceration treatment". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144611.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(社会健康医学)
甲第11787号
社医博第8号
新制||社医||2(附属図書館)
23527
UT51-2005-F817
京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻
(主査)教授 福原 俊一, 教授 白川 太郎, 教授 中原 俊隆
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Edvardsen, Dag Fjeld. "Four essays on the measurement of productive efficiency /". Göteborg : Dept. of Economics [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Univ, 2004. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00003931/01/dagedvardsen_full.pdf.
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Dougherty, Francis Laverne. "A Complex Adaptive Systems Analysis of Productive Efficiency". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65146.
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Linkages between Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) thinking and efficiency
analysis remain in their infancy. This research associates the basic building blocks
of the CAS 'flocking' metaphor with the essential building block concepts of Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Within a proposed framework DEA"decisionmaking
units" (DMUs) are represented as agents in the agent-based modeling
(ABM) paradigm. Guided by simple rules, agent DMUs representing business units
of a larger management system, 'align' with one another to achieve mutual
protection/risk reduction and 'cohere' with the most efficient DMUs among them
to achieve the greatest possible efficiency in the least possible time. Analysis of the
resulting patterns of behavior can provide policy insights that are both evidencebased
and intuitive. This research introduces a consistent methodology that will be
called here the Complex Adaptive Productive Efficiency Method (CAPEM) and
employs it to bridge these domains. This research formalizes CAPEM
mathematically and graphically. It then conducts experimentation employing using
the resulting CAPEM simulation using data of a sample of electric power plants
obtained from Rungsuriyawiboon and Stefanou (2003). Guided by rules, individual
agent DMUs (power plants) representing business units of a larger management
system,'align' with one another to achieve mutual protection/risk reduction and
'cohere' with the most efficient DMUs among them to achieve the greatest possible
efficiency in the least possible time. Using a CAS ABM simulation, it is found that
the flocking rules (alignment, cohesion and separation), taken individually and in selected combinations, increased the mean technical efficiency of the power plant
population and conversely decreased the time to reach the frontier. It is found
however that these effects were limited to a smaller than expected sub-set of these
combinations of the flocking factors. Having been successful in finding even a
limited sub-set of flocking rules that increased efficiency was sufficient to support
the hypotheses and conclude that employing the flocking metaphor offers useful
options to decision-makers for increasing the efficiency of management systems.Ph. D.
10
Marklund, Per-Olov. "Essays on Productive Efficiency, Shadow Prices, and Human Capital". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-201.
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Bakhshoodeh, M. "Production efficiency in Iranian intensive dairy farming". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592099.
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Since the 1990s, the number of intensive dairy farms in Iran has rapidly increased to supply milk to the growing cities. As a result, total production of milk has increased, but scarcities still exist in some regions of the country. Since resources such as feedstuffs are limited, and considerable investment will be required to establish these new farms, the question of production efficiency in Iranian dairy farming seems an important one. Measuring the level of production efficiency, determining the sources of inefficiency, and proposing possible ways of improving the efficiency of the intensive dairy farms are the main aims of this study. In addition to simple measures of partial productivities and profitabilities, a stochastic transcendental frontier production function was estimated, using a single-stage approach to measure overall technical efficiency and its components, and a frontier profit function was used to measure the economic efficiency of individual intensive dairy farms. The latter function was evaluated first with the current distorted prices of milk and concentrates as well as the market prices of other dairy inputs and outputs. However, this frontier led to overestimation of economic efficiency due to ignoring input-price and output-price inefficiencies. To deal with this problem, the frontier was re-evaluated with expected prices defined as fractions of the observed prices of inputs and outputs. In order to investigate the way in which farmers combine dairy inputs, an index of allocative efficiency was also calculated and discussed. All the indices were then compared between the farms specified by factors such as herd size, proportion of pure cattle, etc. The results showed that production efficiency of the intensive dairy farms in Iran can be improved by expanding the proportion of purebred animals, particularly in large farms, and by using as much of the existing capacity of farms as possible.
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Sedibe, Moosa Mahmood. "Optimising water use efficiency for crop production". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53541.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Poor water management and poor water use efficiency (WUE) have been identified as one of the major problems experienced by vegetable growers in most of the developing countries, including South Africa. This poor management and poor utilization of water have led to a drastic decline in the quality and quantity of available water. In South Africa agriculture uses about 50% of available water. Increasing water demand for domestic, industrial and mining uses, may decrease agriculture's share to less than the current 50%, henceforth, better utilization of this resource is imperative. Selection of a good irrigation system can limit water loss considerably. Some irrigation systems have a potential to save more water than others do. Since irrigation systems affect the WUE of crops, care should be taken when selecting an irrigation system under conditions of limited water quantity. Ebb-and- Flood watering systems have been introduced for effective sub-irrigation and nutrient delivery within closed systems. Such a system was adapted in South Africa, to develop a vegetable production unit for use by families in rural communities, while saving substantial amounts of water. A need to further improve the WUE of this system was subsequently identified. Two studies were conducted at the experimental farm of the University of Stellenbosch (Department of Agronomy). The first trial was conducted under controlled conditions in a glasshouse, and the second under open field conditions. In the first trial, Beta vulgaris (Swiss chard) and Amaranthus spp. ('Imbuya') were grown in two root media; gravel and pumice. In addition, an 'Ebb-and-Flood' and a 'Constant level' system were used with nutrient solutions at two electrical (EC) conductivity levels 1.80 and 3.60 mS cm-I. The results of this (2x2x2x2) factorial experiment indicated that a combination of the 'Ebb-and-Flood' system with gravel as a root medium produced the best results at a low EC, when 'imbuya' was used. A high total WUE was found with 'imbuya', (7.35 g L-I) at EC 1.80 mS cmicompared to a relatively low WUE of 5. 90 g L-I when the 3.60 mS cm-I nutrient solution was used. In the second trial, 'Imbuya's' foliage dry mass, leaf area and WUE was evaluated under field conditions at the Stellenbosch University experimental farm, during the summer of2002. The experimental farm (33°55'S, 18°52'E) is situated in the cooler coastal wine grape-producing region of South Africa with a relatively high annual winter rainfall. This trial was conducted on an alluvial soil, with clay content of 25% and a pH of 5.9 (KC!). A closed 'Ebb-and-Flood' system was compared with two open field irrigation systems ('Drip' and 'Flood') using nutrient solutions at two electrical conductivity levels (1.80 and 3.60 mS cm-i) in all three cases. Foliage dry mass, leaf area as well as WUE was best with 'Drip' irrigation, when a nutrient solution with an electrical conductivity of 3.60 mS cm-i was used. In spite of the fact that additional ground water was available for the soil grown 'Drip' and 'Flood' treatments, the 'Ebb-and-Flood' system outperformed the 'Flood' treatment, especially when the nutrient solution with an EC of 3.6 mS cm-i was used. Insufficient root aeration in the flooded soil could have been a contributing factor. The fact that the 'Ebb-and-Flood' and 'Drip' systems gave the best results when the high EC solution was used to fertigate the plants, may indicate that the plants could have hardened due to the mild EC stress, better preparing them to adapt to the extreme heat that was experienced in the field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swak: bestuur van water en 'n swak: water-gebruik-doeltreffendheid (WOD) is as een van die belangrikste probleme geïdentifiseer wat deur groente produsente in die meeste ontwikkelende lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, ervaar word. Hierdie swak bestuur en benutting van water het daartoe bygedra dat 'n drastiese afname in die kwaliteit asook in die kwantiteit van beskikbare water ervaar word. In Suid-Afrika gebruik die landbou-sektor ongeveer 50% van die beskikbare water. Toenemende water behoeftes vir huisgebruik, industrieë en die mynbou mag hierdie 50% aandeel van die landbou sektor laat krimp. Beter benutting van hierdie skaars hulpbron is dus noodsaaklik. Die keuse van goeie besproeiingsisteme mag waterverliese merkbaar beperk aangesien sekere sisteme se water-besparingspotensiaal beter as ander is. Aangesien besproeiingstelsels die WOD van gewasse beïnvloed, is spesiale sorg nodig waar 'n besproeiingstelsel onder hierdie toestande van beperkte waterbronne gekies moet word. 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteme kan aangewend word om water en voedingselemente van onder in 'n wortelmedium te laat opstoot en in 'n geslote sisteem te laat terugdreineer. So 'n sisteem is in Suid-Afrika ontwikkel waarmee groente vir families in landelike gebiede geproduseer kan word terwyl water bespaar word. 'n Behoefte om die WOD van hierdie produksiesisteem verder te verbeter is egter geïdentifiseer. Twee ondersoeke is by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch se proefplaas (Departement Agronomie) gedoen. Die eerste proef is onder beheerde omgewingstoestande in 'n glashuis uitgevoer en die tweede onder veld toestande. In die eerste proef is Beta vulgaris (Snybeet) en Amaranthus spp. ('Imbuya') in twee tipes wortelmedia; gruis en puimsteen verbou. 'n 'Ebb-en-Vloed' asoook 'n 'Konstante vlak' besproeiingsisteem is gebruik terwyl voedingsoplossings ook by twee peile van elektriese geleiding (EC) teen 1.80 en 3.60 mS cm-I toegedien is. Die resultate van hierdie (2x2x2x2) fakroriaal eksperiment het aangetoon dat 'n kombinasie van die 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteem met gruis as 'n wortelmedium die beste resultate teen 'n lae EC lewer waar 'imbuya' gebruik is. Die WOD met 'imbuya' was hoog (7.35 g L-1) by 'n EC van 1.80 mS cm-I, vergeleke met 'n relatief lae WOD van 5. 90 g L-1 waar die 3.60 mS cm-I voedingsoplossing gebruik is. In die tweede proef is 'Imbuya' se droë blaarmassa, blaar oppervlakte en WOD onder veldtoestande op die Universiteit van Stellenbsoch se proefplaas in die somer van 2002 ge-evalueer. Die proefplaas (33°55'S, 18°52'E) is in die koeler kusstreke van die wyndruif produksiegebied in die winterreëngebied van Suid-Afrika geleë. Hierdie proef is op alluviale grond met 25% klei en 'n pH van 5.9 (KCi) uitgevoer. 'n Geslote 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteem is met twee veld-besproeiingsisteme vergelyk ('Drup' en 'Vloed') terwyl voedingsoplossings teen twee peile van elektriese geleiding (1.80 en 3.60 mS cm-I) in al drie gevalle gebruik is. Blaar droëmassa, blaaroppervlakte asook die WGD was die beste met 'Drup' besproeiing waar die EC van die voedingsoplossing 3.60 mS cm-I was. Ten spyte van die feit dat ekstra grondwater vir die 'Drup' and 'Vloed' behandelings beskikbaar was, het die 'Ebben- Vloed' stelsel beter as die 'Vloed' behandeling gedoen veral waar die voedingsoplossing se EC 3.6 mS cm-I was. Swak wortelbelugting was waarskynlik die rede waarom vloedbesproeiing swak produksie gelewer het. Die feit dat die 'Drup' en die 'Ebb-en-Vloed' behandelings in die veldproef die beste gedoen het waar die EC hoog was, mag moontlik met die gehardheid van die plante verband hou wat aan ekstreem warm en dor toestande blootgestel was.
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Butler, Holly. "Optimising nutrient use efficiency in crop production". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/83220/.
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Food security for a growing population presents a significant challenge for crop production, with increasing pressures upon agriculutral productivity. There is a vast need to improve crop yield and quality using an efficient approach that does not present negative environmental impacts. A novel interrogation technique that is able to provide information of the overall health of a plant, would be extremely beneficial in an agriculutral, as well as research, setting. This information could be utilised to better understand the mechanisms of plant functions, including stress responses. Vibrational spectroscopy encompasses a range of techniques that are able to derive chemically specific information from a biological sample in a rapid, nondestructive and cost-effective manner. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are two such approaches and have been readily implemented across biological samples. However, their applications in the field of plant science have been relatively underexploited. This is largely associated with the presence of water and fluorescent metabolites found in plant tissues. The application of attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy for in vivo plant monitoring to elucidate spectral alterations indicative of healthy plant growth in a non-destructive manner. These approaches are able to characterise the biochemical signature of leaves at distinct developmental stages, and correspond to known biological processes within the leaf such as cell wall expansion. This information is useful prior to monitoring studies as normal leaf growth could be considered background variance. No significant local or systemic effects manifest as a consequence of interrogation with these techniques, establishing this as a non-destructive approach for plant system investigations. Raman microspectroscopy as a tool for monitoring nutrient uptake at the leaf surface is also considered, alongside complementary ion probe and elemental analysis. Such a technique is useful in the agrochemical production of foliar fertilisers, where the efficiency of specific formulae can be rapidly compared. This can also further the current understanding of nutrient transport into plant tissues, as well as translocation. Agriculturally relevant levels of calcium were applied to the leaf surface and uptake was successfully illustrated at concentrations as low as 15 mM using Raman microspectroscopy. Ion probe analysis also complemented these findings, with elemental analysis unable to detect this subtle uptake of nutrients. This assay is now being implemented in agrochemical practise as a fertiliser screening method. Deficiencies in essential nutrients such as calcium are detrimental to crop yield and thus are a potential target for improving crop production. A range of spectroscopic methods, including the use of synchrotron radiation, were utilised to presymptomatically detect these deficiencies prior to their onset in live samples. Coupled with multivariate analysis, these techniques discriminate between deficient and control samples with high sensitivity and specificity, without extensive sample preparation that traditional analytical techniques require. These results suggest that Raman and ATRFTIR spectroscopic approaches could highly valuable in the field, where plant health and nutrient status could be assessed rapidly in situ. Here it is shown that these issues can be overcome and that qualitative spectral measurements can be obtained from plant samples. Due to the non-destructive nature of these approaches, they can be applied for a wider range of crop screening investigations, including the efficiency of nutrient uptake, as well as distinguishing nutrient deficiencies presymptomatically. As such, these spectroscopic methods may be implemented to unearth further details regarding nutrient use efficiency during crop production.
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Adhikari, Chandra Bahadur. "Productive efficiency, access to land and poverty : evidence from Nepal". Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502492.
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The principal theme of this study is an exploration of the route to alleviate poverty and promote equity in Nepal. On their own, neither the agricultural nor the infant/unorganised manufacturing sectors are able to generate the income and employment opportunities needed to meet the needs of the growing population. Given the modest scope to expand the amount of arable land available, any increase in food production to feed the growing population, will have to come through a substantial increase in farm productivity. Using data from the nationwide Nepal Living Standard Survey, undertaken in 2003, this study empirically investigates how redistributive land reform might improve agricultural productive efficiency, and explores how access to land might reduce poverty. It also examines how the non-agricultural sector. particularly manufacturing, can increase economic growth and reduce poverty. The study uses both parametric as well as nonparametric methodologies to measure technical efficiency and shows the link between land distribution and poverty. The key finding of the study is that land reform can only fulfil both efficiency and equity objectives with certain conditions. The study shows that an effective implementation of judicious land reform can increase productive efficiency, and access to land for the poor, together with other supportive complementary mechanisms, will increase household consumption and income and thereby alleviate poverty and inequality. However, given the current state of the availability of cultivable land for further distribution and the constraints of development, land reform cannot be the only intervention seeking to overcome existing problems of poverty and inequality. Land reform needs to be accompanied by other supportive rural development strategies, including strengthening the linkages between the urban and rural sectors.
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Song, Dong-Wook. "Productive efficiency and privatisation an evaluation of Korean ports policy /". Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.265449.
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James, Amballur Joseph. "The measurement of total factor productivity, technical efficiency and allocative efficiency in agriculture in the Indian Punjab (1972-1988)". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244747.
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Mahambare, Vidya. "Economic reforms in India : impact on savings and productivity of the manufacturing sector". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274202.
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Kubickas, Andrius. "Increasing Of Production Efficiency In Metal Processing Companies". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100628_093043-55796.
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In the final of magistral work I investigate increase of efficiency of industrial companies. I am mostly
concentrated in creation of model for increase of efficiency of manufacturing. That will mostly be appropriate for
industrial companies that are specialized in metal manufacturing and welding.
In the first part analysis of scientific – methodic literature on theme of manufacturing efficiency increase is
described by me including the essential notions. I have investigated various aspects of manufacturing
organization. I have deepen in principles of possession of manufacturing and have analyzed principles of selection
of Lean tools paying attention on criteria set in companies.
In the second part information about surveys of trends of development of industrial companies is being
given. I have invoked data of the Department of statistics. Questionnaire has been concluded and sent to
industrial companies.
In the third part model of increase of manufacturing efficiency is chartered. Also model of installment
stages is drawn and divided. In each stage installment steps are named together with which the tool appropriate
for installment of this is offered. Advantage of the model is such that all steps are shown in priorities together
with the offered tools. For i have been in lack of this after analyzing suggested by other authors, I have a mind
that my model would be very helpful for the beginning companies for the installment of Lean.
The final work is consisted of four parts:... [to full text]Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėju pramonės įmonių gamybos efektyvumo kelimą. Labiausiai koncentruojos ties gamybos efektyvumo kelimo modelio sukūrimu. Kuris labiausiai tiks pramonės įmonėms, kuriuos specializuojasi metalo apdirbimo ir suvirinimu. Pirmoje dalyje atlikta mokslinės - metodinės literatūros analizę gamybos kelimo efektyvumo tema aprašiau pagrindines sąvokas. Išnagrinėjau įvairius gamybos organizavimo aspektus. Įsigilinau į gamybos valdymo principus bei išanalizavau Lean įrankių pasirinkimo principus atsižvelgdamas į įmonėse nusistatytus kriterijus. Antroje dalyje yra pateikiama pramonės įmonių plėtros tendencijų tyrimus. Pasitelkiau Statistikos departamento teikiamus duomenys. Buvo sudaryta klausimų anketa ir išsiustos į pramonės įmones. Trečioje dalyje aprašytas mano sukurtas gamybos efektyvumo kelimo modelis. Taip pat nubražytas ir suskirstytas į modelis į diegimo etapus. Kiekviename etape yra įvardijami diegimo žingsniai, šalia kurių yra pasiūlytas tam žingsniui idiegti, galimas įrankis. Modelio privalumas tame, kad visi žingsniai yra parodyti eiles tvarka ir šalia pasiūlyti įrankiai. Kadangi išnagrinėjes kitų autorių pasiūlytus to pasigedau, manau kad mano modelis labai padėtų pradedančioms įmonėms įsidiegti Lean. Baigiamaji darba sudaro keturios dalis: įvadas, mokslinės literatūros analizė, empiriniai tyrimai ir sukurto modelio aprašymas kartu su įgyvendinimu. Taip pat patektos išvados bei pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas ir priedai. Darbo apimtis - 92p... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Дмитренко, Алла Олександрівна, Алла Александровна Дмитренко y Alla Oleksandrivna Dmytrenko. "Keystones for attainment eco-efficiency of clean production". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8141.
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The World Business Council for Sustainable Development guideline ‘reduce toxic dispersion’ is the weakest formulation of the seven and reflects the vigour with which some branches of the global industry have defended their products in spite of their prevalent unsafe for environment. Clean production is one way in which eco-efficiency has been put into effect. Yet the pressure to develop green chemicals and alternative non-toxic products has been intense and increasingly successful.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8141
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Hemmati, Naghmeh. "Engineering yeast strains to enhance bioethanol production efficiency /". Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674956301&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Nett, Leif. "N use efficiency in field vegetable production systems". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16463.
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In der vorliegenden Studie wurden zwei Fragestellungen bearbeitet, die beide das Ziel verfolgen, die Stickstoff(N)-Ausnutzungseffizienz in landwirtschaftlichen Systemen zu steigern: 1) Hat die langjährige organische Düngung einen Einfluss auf den Abbau kürzlich applizierter organischer Dünger? Die Hypothese war, dass relevante Effekte nur bei schwer abbaubaren organischen Düngern auftreten während bei leicht abbaubaren organischen Düngern die Düngungshistorie keine Rolle spielt. 2) Können die hohen N-Bilanzüberschüsse im intensiven Freilandgemüsebau durch den Einsatz von Winterzwischenfrüchten (ZF) deutlich reduziert werden? Die Hypothese war, dass ZF die Bilanzüberschüsse der betrachteten zweijährigen Fruchtfolgen um mindestens 30 kg N / ha reduzieren. Die erste Hypothese wurde überprüft, indem der Abbau organischer Dünger in Böden, die sich in ihrer organischen Düngungshistorie unterschieden, gemessen wurde. Es wurden ein Topfversuch im Gewächshaus sowie ein Inkubationsversuch im Labor durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse deuteten darauf hin, dass es Effekte der Historie auf den Abbau von Stallmist und Kiefernrinde gab, während es keine Effekte bei leicht abbaubarem Kohlmaterial gab. Daher wurde die Hypothese angenommen. Allerdings ergaben die beobachteten Effekte kein konsistentes Bild in Hinblick auf die Richtung der Effekte auf die Kohlenstoff(C)- und N-Mineralisierung und Effekte auf die Netto-N-Mineralisation waren generell sehr klein. Zur Überprüfung der zweiten Hypothese wurden an drei Standorten in Deutschland Feldversuche mit Gemüsefruchtfolgen und unterschiedlichen ZF durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse ergaben, dass trotz der die mittleren Bilanzüberschüsse der Kontrollen (ohne ZF) von 217 kg N / ha die ZF die N-Bilanz im Mittel um nur 13 kg N / ha reduzierten. Daher wurde die Hypothese abgelehnt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten weiterhin, dass der verlustfreie Transfer der von der ZF aufgenommenen N-Menge an die Folgefrucht ein kritischer Schritt bei dieser Technik ist.The current study dealt with two questions that target potential options to increase the nitrogen (N) use efficiency of agricultural systems: 1) Does long-term organic fertilization affect the decomposition of recently added organic fertilizers? The hypothesis was that effects only occur for recalcitrant organic fertilizers while for readily decomposable organic fertilizers, the fertilization history does not play a role. 2) Can the N balance surpluses in intensive field vegetable production systems be substantially reduced by cultivation of winter catch crops (CC)? The hypothesis was that the N balance surpluses of the investigated two-year crop rotations can be reduced by more than 30 kg N / ha. The first hypothesis was tested by applying organic fertilizers to soils that only differed in organic fertilization history. A greenhouse pot experiment and a laboratory incubation experiment were conducted. The results indicated that fertilization history had effects on the decomposition of farmyard manure and pine bark, not however on the decomposition of readily decomposable cabbage material. Hence, the hypothesis was accepted in that fertilization history effects depended on the type of fertilizer. However, fertilization history effects showed no consistent trend with respect to increase or decrease in carbon (C) and N mineralization and the effects on net N mineralization were minor in magnitude. The second hypothesis was tested by performing field experiments at three sites in Germany. Vegetable crop rotations were set up, testing different types of CC. The results suggested that in spite of high N surpluses in the control treatments (no CC) of 217 kg N / ha, CC reduced the N balance surplus on average by only 13 kg N / ha. Hence, the hypothesis was rejected. The findings further indicated that the transfer of N taken up by the CC to the succeeding crop is a critical step when adopting this technique.
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Bento, Bruno Miguel da Silva. "Eficiência produtiva de vacadas comerciais da Herdade do Barrocal". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16333.
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A sobrevivência de uma exploração agropecuária que tem como atividade principal a bovinicultura, atualmente enfrenta diversos obstáculos, e para que se mantenha e desenvolva tem que cumprir um conceito de estratégia sustentável.
A produtividade e a eficiência das vacas aleitantes dependem de um enorme conjunto de fatores, dessa forma pretendeu-se analisar vários fatores influentes na eficiência produtiva, com intuito de verificarmos que fatores poderiam melhorar a produtividade do sistema de produção de carne
Este trabalho baseia-se no acompanhamento, durante um ano ou um ciclo reprodutivo, de uma exploração de vacas aleitantes exploradas em raça pura e em cruzamento industrial, com o objetivo de identificar a estrutura produtiva mais eficiente, considerando vacas de várias raças e idades, e os fatores que podem influenciar estes indicadores; ABSTRACT: The survival of a farming operation that is primarily engaged in cattle farming, currently faces several obstacles, where in order to maintain and develop, has to fulfill the concept of a sustainable strategy.
The productivity and efficiency of beef cattle cows depend on a huge range of factors, this way we intended to analyze the various factors that influence the productive efficiency, aiming in verifying what factors could improve the systems productivity of the beef cattle production.
This work is based on monitoring for one year or a reproductive cycle of a suckler cow farm, which are explored in purebred and crossbreeding with the objective to identify the most efficient productive structure, considering cows of various breeds and ages and the factors that may influence the indicators.
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Otis, Paul T. "Dominance Based Measurement of Environmental Performance and Productive Efficiency of Manufacturing". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26653.
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The concept of efficiency measurement is based on the definition of a frontier that envelopes observed production plans. The effect of pollution on productive efficiency is typically studied by considering pollution as not freely disposable (i.e., there is a cost incurred to dispose of pollution) or by assigning shadow prices to pollution outputs. However, the frontier along with the required technological assumptions (such as convexity) needed for a definition of a frontier may be replaced with the concept of pair-wise dominance. With data from a manufacturing facility, the use of pair-wise dominance allows one to consider a wide spectrum of inputs and outputs. Pair-wise dominance can also be applied to segregate production plans into sets according to their relative environmental performance and productive efficiency. These sets are used to identify reference production plans upon which distance-based measures of performance are defined. This research applies pair-wise dominance to time series data from a printed circuit board manufacturing facility to illustrate the approach. The proposed approach is compared to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. It was observed that for detailed production data the proposed approach was more informative concerning the measurement of productive efficiency than the standard methods.Ph. D.
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Anouze, Abdel. "Evaluating productive efficiency : comparative study of commercial banks in Gulf countries". Thesis, Aston University, 2010. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/16433/.
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Financial institutes are an integral part of any modern economy. In the 1970s and 1980s, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries made significant progress in financial deepening and in building a modern financial infrastructure. This study aims to evaluate the performance (efficiency) of financial institutes (banking sector) in GCC countries. Since, the selected variables include negative data for some banks and positive for others, and the available evaluation methods are not helpful in this case, so we developed a Semi Oriented Radial Model to perform this evaluation. Furthermore, since the SORM evaluation result provides a limited information for any decision maker (bankers, investors, etc.), we proposed a second stage analysis using classification and regression (C&R) method to get further results combining SORM results with other environmental data (Financial, economical and political) to set rules for the efficient banks, hence, the results will be useful for bankers in order to improve their bank performance and to the investors, maximize their returns. Mainly there are two approaches to evaluate the performance of Decision Making Units (DMUs), under each of them there are different methods with different assumptions. Parametric approach is based on the econometric regression theory and nonparametric approach is based on a mathematical linear programming theory. Under the nonparametric approaches, there are two methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Free Disposal Hull (FDH). While there are three methods under the parametric approach: Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA); Thick Frontier Analysis (TFA) and Distribution-Free Analysis (DFA). The result shows that DEA and SFA are the most applicable methods in banking sector, but DEA is seem to be most popular between researchers. However DEA as SFA still facing many challenges, one of these challenges is how to deal with negative data, since it requires the assumption that all the input and output values are non-negative, while in many applications negative outputs could appear e.g. losses in contrast with profit. Although there are few developed Models under DEA to deal with negative data but we believe that each of them has it is own limitations, therefore we developed a Semi-Oriented-Radial-Model (SORM) that could handle the negativity issue in DEA. The application result using SORM shows that the overall performance of GCC banking is relatively high (85.6%). Although, the efficiency score is fluctuated over the study period (1998-2007) due to the second Gulf War and to the international financial crisis, but still higher than the efficiency score of their counterpart in other countries. Banks operating in Saudi Arabia seem to be the highest efficient banks followed by UAE, Omani and Bahraini banks, while banks operating in Qatar and Kuwait seem to be the lowest efficient banks; this is because these two countries are the most affected country in the second Gulf War. Also, the result shows that there is no statistical relationship between the operating style (Islamic or Conventional) and bank efficiency. Even though there is no statistical differences due to the operational style, but Islamic bank seem to be more efficient than the Conventional bank, since on average their efficiency score is 86.33% compare to 85.38% for Conventional banks. Furthermore, the Islamic banks seem to be more affected by the political crisis (second Gulf War), whereas Conventional banks seem to be more affected by the financial crisis.
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Hoseini, Hanif. "Efficient production of high-rise buildings". Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Byggvetenskap, Kungl. Tekniska högskolan (KTH), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4285.
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Rathgeber, Florian. "Productive and efficient computational science through domain-specific abstractions". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18911.
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In an ideal world, scientific applications are computationally efficient, maintainable and composable and allow scientists to work very productively. We argue that these goals are achievable for a specific application field by choosing suitable domain-specific abstractions that encapsulate domain knowledge with a high degree of expressiveness. This thesis demonstrates the design and composition of domain-specific abstractions by abstracting the stages a scientist goes through in formulating a problem of numerically solving a partial differential equation. Domain knowledge is used to transform this problem into a different, lower level representation and decompose it into parts which can be solved using existing tools. A system for the portable solution of partial differential equations using the finite element method on unstructured meshes is formulated, in which contributions from different scientific communities are composed to solve sophisticated problems. The concrete implementations of these domain-specific abstractions are Firedrake and PyOP2. Firedrake allows scientists to describe variational forms and discretisations for linear and non-linear finite element problems symbolically, in a notation very close to their mathematical models. PyOP2 abstracts the performance-portable parallel execution of local computations over the mesh on a range of hardware architectures, targeting multi-core CPUs, GPUs and accelerators. Thereby, a separation of concerns is achieved, in which Firedrake encapsulates domain knowledge about the finite element method separately from its efficient parallel execution in PyOP2, which in turn is completely agnostic to the higher abstraction layer. As a consequence of the composability of those abstractions, optimised implementations for different hardware architectures can be automatically generated without any changes to a single high-level source. Performance matches or exceeds what is realistically attainable by hand-written code. Firedrake and PyOP2 are combined to form a tool chain that is demonstrated to be competitive with or faster than available alternatives on a wide range of different finite element problems.
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Kohashi, Andrea Aya. "A question of efficiency". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1666.
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Deraniyagala, Sonali. "Technical change and efficiency in Sri Lanka's manufacturing sector". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307408.
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Messaoudene, Zahir. "Formalisation des contradictions pour la conception des systèmes physiques de production : Application au lean manufacturing". Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13152.
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Dans un contexte industriel difficile, le système de production doit évoluer afin d'être en adéquation avec son environnement. Le système de production est un système complexe composé de ressources interconnectées pour transformer, déplacer, stocker et contrôler les produits. La finalité de tout système de production est de s'améliorer en permanence afin de survivre et de croître. L'une des réponses pour que les systèmes de production s'améliorent est l'implémentation du Lean Manufacturing. Afin d'implémenter le Lean Manufacturing, une modélisation détaillée du système de production est nécessaire. Cette modélisation engendre un réseau complexe de relations entre les ressources et les activités dont il est difficile d'obtenir une compréhension immédiate. Cet entrelacement de relations contient un ensemble de contradictions qu'il est difficile d'extraire. La difficulté de formaliser ces contradictions réside dans le manque de structuration des informations pour l'implémentation du Lean Manufacturing et par le choix judicieux d'un modèle du système en cohérence avec le Lean Manufacturing. Dans le but d'apporter un éclaircissement pour une meilleure compréhension de l'implémentation du Lean manufacturing, nous proposons une démarche pour formaliser les contradictions. Pour la construction de cette méthode, nous utilisons certains principes issus de l'Axiomatic Design et de la TRIZIn a difficult industrial context, the manufacturing system must evolve. The manufacturing system is a complex system which is composed by a unit of interdependent resources to transform, to move, to store the products. The finality of any manufacturing system is to get better in order to survive. One of the responses to satisfy this finality is the implementation of Lean Manufacturing. In order to implement the Lean Manufacturing, a detailed manufacturing system modelling is necessary. This modelling generates a complex network of relations between the resources and activities whose it is difficult to obtain an immediate understanding. This interlacing of relations contains a whole of contradictions which it is difficult to extract. A contradiction is expressed by the opposition which the value of system parameter can take to satisfy needs for implement the Lean Manufacturing. A contradiction is expressed by this way: the transfer lot size must be raised to reduce displacement costs of products, but the transfer lot size must be weak to reduce post-operative storing costs. The difficulty to formalize these contradictions lies in the lack of information's structuring to implement Lean Manufacturing and the judicious choice of model. This model must be in coherence with Lean Manufacturing. In order to provide an explanation for better comprehension of Lean Manufacturing implementation, we propose a method for formalize the contradictions. In order to construct this method, we use certain concepts descended from Theory of General System, Axiomatic Design and OTSM-TRIZ. For greater clarity, we implement this method within the framework of description of specific contradictions network to the lead manufacturing time reduction. Finally, we propose a manner to explore this contradictions network within a workshop study
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Nakane, MaÌrcio Issao. "Inflation, competition, and productive efficiency in banking : with an application to Brazil". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411050.
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Nkegbe, Paul Kwame. "Resource conservation practices : adoption and productive efficiency among smallholders in northern Ghana". Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553078.
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The people of northern Ghana are poor peasants depending almost exclusively on natural resources for their livelihoods. The poverty is caused partly by inadequate water availability and deteriorating soil conditions. As a result, various organizations promote the use of soil and water conservation practices in the area, but the link between the use of the practices and fanner efficiency is yet to be shown empirically. The current study thus set out to broadly investigate the factors that motivate farmers' adoption of resource conservation practices in northern Ghana and assess its effect on their technical efficiency using data from 445 households in the area. Using probit models, the empirical results reveal that household adoption decisions are influenced principally by variables classified as farm or plot and cropping characteristics, and socio-economic and institutional variables. An analysis of the decision to intensively adopt the conservation practices using count data models shows that besides the variables categories identified under the adoption decision, personal and household characteristics also play a major role in determining the intensity of use of the practices. Results from the use of parametric frontier and nonparametric DEA models show levels of technical efficiency in crop production among smallholders are low with technical efficiency levels increasing with adoption of soil and water conservation practices. But the results of the multi-output multi-input models show high levels of technical efficiency among smallholders in their multiple production activities emphasising the importance of conducting smallholder efficiency analysis at the multi-activity level. The multi-output models also show adoption of conservation practices exerts positive effect on technical efficiency. The results further reveal significant diversification economies in smallholder production with complementarity effects in crop-livestock and crop-off-farm combinations, and substitutability effects in crop-off- farm combination thereby highlighting the need for a holistic development of both the farm and off-farm sectors.
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Mendoza, Maria Nimfa F. "Essays in production theory : efficiency measurement and comparative statics". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30734.
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Nonparametric linear programming tests for consistency with the hypotheses of technical efficiency and allocative efficiency for the general case of multiple output-multiple input technologies are developed in Part I. The tests are formulated relative to three kinds of technologies — convex, constant returns to scale and quasiconcave technologies. Violation indices as summary indicators of the distance of an inefficient observation from an efficient allocation are proposed. The consistent development of the violation indices across the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency tests allows us to obtain comparative measures of the degrees of technical inefficiency and pure allocative inefficiency. Constrained optimization tests applicable to cases where the producer is restricted to optimizing with respect to a subset of goods are also proposed. The latter tests yield the revealed preference-type inequalities commonly used as tests for consistency of observed data with profit maximizing or cost minimizing behavior as limiting cases. Computer programs for implementing the different tests and sample results are listed in the appendix.
In part II, an empirical comparison of nonparametric and parametric measures of technical progress for constant returns to scale technologies is performed using the Canadian input-output data for the period 1961-1980. The original data base was aggregated into four sectors and ten goods and the comparison was done for each sector. If we assume optimizing behavior on the part of the producers, we can reinterpret the violation indices yielded by the efficiency tests in part I as indicators of the shift in the production frontier. More precisely, the violation indices can be considered nonparametric chained indices of technical progress. The parametric measures of technical progress were obtained through econometric profit function estimation using the generalized McFadden flexible functional form with a quadratic spline model for technical progress proposed by Diewert and Wales (1989). Under the assumption of constant returns, the index of technical change is defined in terms of the unit scale profit function which gives the per unit return to the normalizing good. The empirical results show that the parametric estimates of technical change display a much smoother behavior which can be attributed to the incorporation of stochastic disturbance terms in the estimation procedure and, more interestingly, track the long term trend in the nonparametric estimates.
Part III builds on the theory of minimum wages in international trade and is a theoretical
essay in the tradition of analyzing the effects of factor market imperfections on resource allocation. The comparative static responses of the endogenous variables — output levels, employment levels of fixed-price factors with elastic supply and flexible prices of domestic resources — to marginal changes in the economy's exogenous variables — output prices, fixed factor prices and endowments of flexibly-priced domestic resources -— are examined. The effect of a change in a fixed factor price on other flexible factor prices can be decomposed Slutsky-like into substitution and scale effects. A symmetry condition between fixed factor prices and flexible factor prices is obtained which clarifies the concepts of "substitutability" and "complementarity" between these two kinds of factors. As an illustration, the model is applied to the case of a devaluation in a two-sector small open economy with rigid wages and capital as specific factors. The empirical implementation of the general model for the Canadian economy is left to more able econometricians but a starting point can be the sectoral analysis performed in Part II.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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Yilma, Mulugeta. "Measuring smallholder efficiency : Ugandan coffee and food-crop production /". Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk, 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007212386&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Hem, Inthavong Khamla. "Factors influencing rice production efficiency in Ban Home, Laos". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99183.
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Agriculture remains a dominant economic sector in many developing countries. Rice constitutes a staple food for more than half of the world's population and is the main meal of all Lao people (FAO, 2005). However, rice production faces many problems, including the effects of floods, drought and poor soil quality. These challenges combine to reduce rice productivity below what might be possible. However, before new agricultural policies are put in place, it is important to identify the factors associated with rice production efficiency. This thesis analyses technical and socio-economic factors that influence rice production and estimates the level of technical efficiency of individual rice farmers in Ban Home, Laos.Survey data were collected in the region in 2003, for both wet season and dry season rice production. Using these data, a Cobb-Douglas frontier production function was estimated for each season using two approaches, deterministic and stochastic. During the wet season, several factors were statistically significant and positive in their effect on rice yield: area in rice production, level of fertilizer use, total labour, the use of a modern variety, sandy soil and contact with a professional agricultural advisor. During the dry season, only area in rice production and fertilizer were significant. Based on the frontier production functions, it is possible to conclude that the average technical efficiency of farmers is higher during the dry season than the wet season, for both the deterministic and stochastic approaches.
However, socio-economic factors were unable to explain the level of technical efficiency among farmers, when evaluated using a standard regression approach. By using a simple t-test to compare the mean level of efficiency of different groups of farmers, some significant differences emerged. Farmers who used credit were found to be more efficient than those who did not. Moreover, experienced farmers were more efficient than less experienced farmers. Also, farmers with less than 7 years of education were more efficient than more educated farmers.
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Johansson, Viktor. "Increased efficiency of experience feedback between production and budget". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119955.
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The construction industry has during many years been regarded as a problematic industry. As a result of this the government 2002 set up a commission with the aim to discourage negative trends in the industry. The commission acknowledged the problem with work activities being reconstructed between projects. As a result of this the experience being acquired in one project did not come to use in the next. In the construction industry it is a well-known fact that around 10% of the cost of production can be categorized as error and controls. The most of the errors that occur can be eliminated with better planning. A tool to be used is experience feedback which purpose is to use the knowledge gained from earlier projects to predict future projects. The purpose of this study is to examine and highlight problems that can occur when experience shall be fed back between production and budget with the aim to present suggested improvements. The study is divided into three questions where the first question investigates which data is relevant from production in order to make well motivated production budgets. The second question explores, in a collaboration with SM Entreprenad AB, which conditions there are today regarding experience feedback between production and budget. The third and final question reviews improvements to be made. The first question is being answered with literature as reference while the second and third has its focus on interviews. The results of the study shows that a budget is constructed with earlier projects as reference where data mainly regarding time, used amount of material as well as used material/equipment are the central variables that need to be fed back to budget. The situation at SM Entreprenad today is that they more or less are not feeding back any data from production with the aim to make well motived budgets. The study shows regarding improvements to be made that there are a lot of data to be used, but they lack routines in order to use this data.
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Онопа, Валерія Василівна. "Evaluation of the efficiency of biofuel production from microalgae". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/49685.
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Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат у 2019-2020 навчальному році". Керівник роботи: доцент кафедри екології, к.т.н., Павлюх Леся ІванівнаObject of research biofuel production. Subject – assessment of microalgae application for biofuel production. Aim оf work – To determine the appropriateness of microalgae application for biofuels production. Methods of research: analysis, data comparison, statistical data processing, mathematical modelling.
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Онопа, Валерія Василівна. "Evaluation of the efficiency of biofuel production from microalgae". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/44920.
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Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат у 2019-2020 навчальному році". Керівник роботи: доцент кафедри екології, к.т.н., Павлюх Леся ІванівнаObject of research biofuel production. Subject – assessment of microalgae application for biofuel production. Aim оf work – To determine the appropriateness of microalgae application for biofuels production. Methods of research: analysis, data comparison, statistical data processing, mathematical modelling.
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Palaniappan, Ramasamy. "Improving The Efficiency Of Ammonia Electrolysis For Hydrogen Production". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1386341476.
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Blue, Edward Neall. "Factor influencing production costs and efficiency of Ohio farms /". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487865929455431.
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Wang, Yong. "Diversification, information asymmetry, cost of capital, and production efficiency". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/13948.
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Business AdministrationPh.D.
This study examines how diversification changes firms' key characteristics, which consequently alter firms' value. The reason why I focus on this topic is because of the mixed findings in literature about the valuation effect of diversification. This study offers deeper insights to the influence of diversification on important valuation factors that are already identified in finance literature. Specifically, it examines if diversification affects firms' information asymmetry problem, firms' cost of capital and cash flow, and firms' production efficiency. The study looks at both the financial industry and non-financial industry and the chapters are arranged in the following order. Firstly, empirical studies show that investors do not value BHCs' pursuit of non-interest income generating activities and yet these activities have demonstrated a dramatic pace of growth in the recent decades. An interesting question is what factors drive the discontent of the investors with the diversification endeavors of the BHCs in non-interest income activities. The first chapter examines the subject from the view point of information opaqueness, which is unique in the banking industry in terms of its intensity. We propose that increased diversification into non-interest income activities deepens information asymmetry, making BHCs more opaque and curtailing their value, as a result. Two important results are obtained in support of this proposition. First, analysts' forecasts are less accurate and more dispersed for the BHCs with greater diversity of non-interest income activities, indicating that information asymmetry problem is more severe for these BHCs. Second, stock market reactions to earning announcements by these BHCs signaling new information to the market are larger, indicating that more information is revealed to the market by each announcement. These findings indicate that increased diversity of non-interest income activities is associated with more severe information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders and, hence, a lower valuation by shareholder. Secondly, since Lang and Stulz (1994) and Berger and Ofek (1995), corporate literature has taken the position that industrial diversification is associated with a firm value discount. However, the validity and the sources of the diversification discount are still highly debated. In particular, extant studies limit themselves to cash flow effects, totally overlooking the cost of capital as a factor determining firm value. Inspired by Lamont and Polk (2001), the second chapter examines how industrial and international diversification change the conglomerates' cost of capital (equity and debt), and thereby the firm value. Our empirical results, based on a sample of Russell 3000 firms over the 1998-2004 period, show that industrial (international) diversification is associated with a lower (higher) firm cost of capital. These findings also hold for firms fully financed with equity. In addition, international diversification is found to be associated with a lower operating cash flow while industrial diversification doesn't alter it. These results indicate that industrial (international) diversification is associated with firm value enhancement (destruction). Given the fact that the majority of the firms involved in industrial diversification also diversify internationally, failing to separate these two dimensions of diversification may result in mistakenly attributing the diversification discount to industrial diversification. Thirdly, financial conglomerates have been increasingly diversifying their business into banking, securities, and insurance activities, especially after the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA, 1999). The third chapter examines whether bank holding company (BHC) diversification is associated with improvement in production efficiency. By applying the data envelopment analysis (DEA), the Malmquist Index of productivity, and total factor productivity change as a decomposed factor of the index, are calculated for a sample of BHCs over the period 1997-2007. The following results are obtained. First, technical efficiency is negatively associated with activity diversification and the effect is primarily driven by BHCs that did not diversify through Section 20 subsidiaries before GLBA. Second, the degree of change in diversification over time does not affect the total factor productivity change but is negatively associated with technical efficiency change over time. This latter effect is also primarily shown on BHCs that did not have Section 20 subsidiaries before GLBA. Therefore, it can be concluded that diversification is on average associated with lower production efficiency of BHCs, especially those BHCs without first-mover advantage obtained through Section 20 subsidiaries. These chapters explores the possible channels through which diversification could alter firms' valuation. They contribute to the literature by offering further knowledge about the effect of diversification.
Temple University--Theses
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Burns, Alexander. "Photobioreactor Design for Improved Energy Efficiency of Microalgae Production". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1316.
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ABSTRACT
Photobioreactor Design for Improved Energy Efficiency of Microalgae Production
Alexander Burns
The objective of this research was to investigate a new photobioreactor (PBR) design for microalgae production that retains the typical advantages of existing tubular PBRs while reducing power consumption by providing simultaneous culture circulation and gas exchange with airlift alone and no centrifugal recirculating pump. Traditional tubular PBR designs feature a compressed air supply and a centrifugal pump for culture circulation and gas exchange. Circulation and gas exchange in a closed-system PBR is necessary to keep the algae suspended and to provide sufficient mass transfer (mainly for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide). In a traditional tubular PBR sparged air keeps the culture well mixed and strips out excess dissolved oxygen in an airlift-column unit, while the centrifugal pump circulates the culture in the tubular stage and decreases the amount of air bubbles traveling into this stage; where most of the photosynthesis occurs. The PBR design proposed herein does away with the usual centrifugal pump. The air blower performs both gas exchange in the airlift columns and system-wide circulation. This builds on a previous tubular PBR design that provides circulation and gas exchange by airlift alone, which was patented by Cathcart in 2011. However, the Cathcart patent does not provide data on mixing, gas exchange, energy consumption, flow regime or biomass productivity. The new design described here builds on the Cathcart design, but includes several unique design features, such as larger diffuser columns which provide airlift-induced flow for a series of vertical PBR tubes. To perform a power consumption v analysis, a pilot-scale prototype of the new PBR design was built and operated. The prototype PBR consisted of two airlift columns attached to 9 m of vertical serpentine tubing connected to the top and bottom by standard 90-degree PVC elbows in a U-bend fashion to each column to make a total working volume of 235 L. The airlift columns were about 1.5 m tall and 30.5 cm ID, while the serpentine tubes were about 0.9 m tall and 7.6 cm ID to make a total of five vertical tubes for every airlift column. Data collected for this prototype design suggest an average overall areal productivity (OAP) of 111 g m-2 d-1 (g biomass m-2 total land area with empty space day-1), an average illuminated surface productivity (ISP) of 14.3 g m-2 d-1 (g biomass m-2 reactor photo-stage day-1), an average volumetric productivity (VP) of 0.55 g L-1 d-1 (g biomass L-1 reactor working volume day-1), a specific power input in the range of 330 to 360 W m-3 (W power needed for culture circulation and gas exchange m-3 reactor working volume) and a specific biomass productivity (SBP) in the range of 17.6 to 19.1 mg kJ-1 (mg biomass kJ-1 energy needed for culture circulation and gas exchange) with Chlorella vulgaris as the model algae. The biomass productivity per energy input (SBP) of the new PBR design appears to be higher than that of similar designs currently described in the literature. Elimination of the centrifugal pump in a tubular PBR design is a concept worth further study for potential energy savings.
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Jozaffe, Lyndon Brian. "Implementing lean manufacturing to improve production efficiency in the manufacturing operations at the Aspen General facility". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/529.
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South African producers are constantly facing competition from foreign organisations in their domestic markets. The adverse effects of this competition stem, in part, from the low levels of productivity which characterise South African industry and which is well documented by the National Productivity Institute of South Africa. The concept of continuous improvement offers a proven methodology for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of production processes. Given the situation that faces South African producers, it would seem appropriate to investigate how the concept of continuous improvement can be applied to a specific South African manufacturing organisation, like the Aspen Pharmacare General Facility, in order to improve its effectiveness and efficiency.
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THATH, Rido. "Factors Affecting Cost Efficiency of Cambodian Rice Farming Households". 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20952.
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Srajer, V. "Optimization for maximum production of truck/shovel mining system". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378956.
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Faust, Justin E. "Increase efficiency using the six sigma methodologies". Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009faustj.pdf.
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Newby, Adam F. "Increasing Water Application Efficiency in Greenhouse Crop Production UsingGravimetric Data". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366376123.
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Emond, Bruno. "Efficience des joueurs dans la ligue nationale de hockey". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8923.
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En l’absence de mesure précise et unique de l’efficience pour les joueurs de hockey, la présente étude a pour objectifs d’évaluer l’efficience des joueurs dans la Ligue Nationale de Hockey (LNH) et de montrer comment celle-ci peut affecter la décision de racheter le contrat d’un joueur. Pour ce faire, les statistiques individuelles des joueurs de la LNH pour les saisons 2007-2008 à 2010-2011 sont utilisées. Pour estimer l’efficience, la méthode de l’enveloppement de données (DEA) avec bootstrap est utilisée. Les inputs incluent le salaire et le nombre de minutes de jeu, alors que les outputs incluent la contribution défensive et offensive de chaque joueur. Pour estimer l’association entre l’efficience individuelle et la probabilité d’un rachat de contrat, une régression logistique est utilisée. L’analyse des données montre que parmi 3 159 observations, l’efficience moyenne est de 0,635. L’efficience moyenne est similaire pour toutes les positions et toutes les saisons. Un lien positif et fort est trouvé entre le nombre de points au classement général d’une équipe et l’efficience moyenne des joueurs qui la compose (coefficient de corrélation=0,43, valeur-p<0,01). Les joueurs avec une efficience plus élevée ont une probabilité plus faible de voir leur contrat racheté (rapport des chances=0,01, valeur-p<0,01). La présente étude conclut donc que la plupart des joueurs de hockey dans la LNH ont un degré d’inefficience non négligeable, qu’une efficience plus élevée est associée à une meilleure performance au niveau de l’équipe et que les joueurs efficients ont une probabilité plus faible de voir leur contrat racheté.
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Damoah, Kaku Attah. "Essays on Productive Efficiency, Trade, and Market Power: Evidence from African Manufacturing Firms". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369299.
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This thesis examines three main themes, firms productive efficiency, internationalisation of African firms, and effect of liberalisation policies on market power and market imperfections. The thesis combines two main strands in economics literature in accessing the three main themes of the papers. The first strand regards methodological approaches to estimate a production function from which productive efficiency can be computed. Consistent estimation of productive efficiency is a necessary condition to analyse firm behaviour and their response to trade policies. The thesis critically examines methodologies to estimate productive efficiency. The second strand, international trade and industrial development, analyse firms behaviour in foreign market as well as firms responses to trade liberalisation policies and their overall impact on structural transformation. The two strands of literature examined in this thesis resulted in three independent papers, each of which addresses specific issues along the spectrum of productive efficiency estimation, internationalisation, and market power.
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Damoah, Kaku Attah. "Essays on Productive Efficiency, Trade, and Market Power: Evidence from African Manufacturing Firms". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2624/1/Thesis_Damoah.pdf.
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This thesis examines three main themes, firms productive efficiency, internationalisation of African firms, and effect of liberalisation policies on market power and market imperfections. The thesis combines two main strands in economics literature in accessing the three main themes of the papers. The first strand regards methodological approaches to estimate a production function from which productive efficiency can be computed. Consistent estimation of productive efficiency is a necessary condition to analyse firm behaviour and their response to trade policies. The thesis critically examines methodologies to estimate productive efficiency. The second strand, international trade and industrial development, analyse firms behaviour in foreign market as well as firms responses to trade liberalisation policies and their overall impact on structural transformation. The two strands of literature examined in this thesis resulted in three independent papers, each of which addresses specific issues along the spectrum of productive efficiency estimation, internationalisation, and market power.
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Kombé, Timothée. "Modélisation de la propagation des fautes dans les systèmes de production". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0057/document.
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Nous présentons dans cette thèse une méthode d’évaluation de l’efficience basée sur la modélisation temporelle et stochastique et de la simulation de la propagation des fautes dans les systèmes industriels. Les TRS (Taux de Rendement Synthétique) est devenu au travers de la norme NF E60-182 l’un des indicateurs majeurs de l’efficience du pilotage des systèmes de production. Il intègre essentiellement 3 notions (Qualité, Productivité et Disponibilité). Si son expression pour un composant est assez simple, sa modélisation pour l’évaluation du comportement fonctionnel et dysfonctionnel l’est beaucoup moins (prise en compte des facteurs d’échelle, des désynchronisations et du facteur humain). Afin de permettre une prise en compte des contributions individuelles de chaque composante du TRS et de chaque partie constitutive des systèmes de production (technique et humaine), nous avons utilisé les automates d’états comme haut langage de description. Les attendus débouchent en amont sur un apport formel pour l’établissement d’une méthodologie d’analyse et de conception, et en aval sur une fourniture d’indicateurs décisionnels. Les résultats sont implantés autour d’un démonstrateur basé sur AltaRica Data-Flow langage à la fois formel et graphique et véritable outil de modélisation / simulationWe present in this thesis a method to assess a system efficiency based on modelling of the temporal and stochastic spread of faults. The OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) has become through the NF E60-182 standard one of the major indicators of the effectiveness in piloting production systems. It includes 3 main concepts (Quality, Performance and Availability). If its evaluation can be easy for a single system, the modeling of its components for the global efficiency assessment is much more difficult (taking into account redundancies, temporal scale factors…).in order to take in account the local contribution of each component of complex production system, a notion of OTE (Overall Throughput Effectiveness) is developed. The purpose of OTE is twofold: it measures factory-level performance and factory-level diagnostics such as bottleneck detection. The expected result gives a formal contribution to establishment a methodology for analysis, design, and decision-making. The results are discussed using a demonstrator based on AltaRica Data-Flow, language in both formal and graphic and real tool modeling / simulation