Literatura académica sobre el tema "Effets anthropiques"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Effets anthropiques"
Zairi, Moncef, Mohamed Jamel Rouis y Anis Ismail. "Le lac Ichkeul : Equilibre naturel et effets anthropiques". La Houille Blanche, n.º 3-4 (junio de 2001): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2001046.
Texto completoLeboeuf, Michel, Caroline Chouinard, Robin Bourgeois y David Grenier-Héon. "Effets des infrastructures linéaires sur la biomasse des insectes nocturnes à l’échelle du paysage". Entomologie 145, n.º 2 (24 de agosto de 2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1083907ar.
Texto completoLemaire, Nicolas y Émilien Pelletier. "Un modèle de risque comme outil de gestion d’une aire marine protégée : l’exemple du parc marin du Saguenay–Saint-Laurent". Conservation et gestion 142, n.º 2 (5 de junio de 2018): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1047155ar.
Texto completoTraore, Lassina, Oumarou Sambare, Salfo Savadogo, Amadé Ouedraogo y Adjima Thiombiano. "Effets combinés des facteurs anthropiques et climatiques sur l’état des populations de trois espèces ligneuses vulnérables". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n.º 5 (14 de septiembre de 2020): 1763–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.21.
Texto completoBelem, Mamounata, Mathieu Zoungrana y Moumouni Nabaloum. "Les effets combinés du climat et des pressions anthropiques sur la forêt classée de Toéssin, Burkina Faso". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 12, n.º 5 (7 de enero de 2019): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v12i5.20.
Texto completoSaad, Z., V. Kazpard, K. Slim y P. Nabhan. "Influence des effets naturels et anthropiques sur la qualité des eaux de la rivière Nahr Ibrahim Liban". Journal européen d’hydrologie 34, n.º 1 (2003): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/20033401085.
Texto completoDegila, Hermione W., N. B. Nadia Azon, Julien G. Adounkpe, A. V. Onésime Akowanou y Martin P. Aïna. "Mercure: sources d’émission, toxicité, contamination du milieu aquatique et particularité du Benin". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, n.º 7 (13 de febrero de 2020): 3429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.36.
Texto completoAHONONGA, Fiacre Codjo, Gérard Nounagnon GOUWAKINNOU, Samadori Sorotori Honoré BIAOU y Séverin BIAOU. "Vulnérabilité des terres des écosystèmes du domaine soudanien au Bénin de 1995 à 2015". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 346 (13 de enero de 2021): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.346.a36295.
Texto completoLevallois, Alexandre, Laureen Nivelais, Olivier Basuyaux, Katherine Costil, Antoine Serpentini y Christelle Caplat. "Étude de la spéciation dans l’eau de mer de l’aluminium et du zinc libérés par la dissolution d’une anode galvanique". Matériaux & Techniques 110, n.º 6 (2022): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023005.
Texto completoCouturier, Thibaut, Lucile Tillion-Lacazale, Aurélien Besnard, Guillelme Astruc y Marc Cheylan. "Déclin d’une population de Tortue d’Hermann (Testudo hermanni hermanni Gmelin, 1789) en milieu forestier. Effets combinés de plusieurs facteurs anthropiques". Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) 69, n.º 2 (2014): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/revec.2014.1724.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Effets anthropiques"
Barbier, Pierrick. "Déterminisme du recrutement des bivalves sous contraintes environnementales et anthropiques". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0001.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the determinism of the bivalve recruitment in a temperate coastal environment through the nursery function of benthic habitats, anthropogenic constraints of mussel farming and recreational hand-raking fishing, and the qualitative and quantitative variations of the available trophic resources. Juveniles of bivalve from benthic habitats structured by engineer species have better physiological condition, although they feed on the same trophic resource. While the mussel farming locally increases the heterogeneity of bivalve recruits assemblage, the practice of raking negatively impacts the primary fixation of these organisms. My work reveals the particular importance of post-fixation process. Finally, the triggering of the settlement phase is marked in the environment by changing the fatty acid composition of the particulate organic matter indicating the occurence of planktonic picoeukaryotes
Aouadi, Hocine. "La végétation de l'Algérie nord-orientale : histoire des influences anthropiques et cartographie à 1/200 000". Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10119.
Texto completoBourgeois, Timothée. "Effets des perturbations anthropiques sur la biogéochimie dans l'océan côtier à l'échelle globale". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV015/document.
Texto completoThe coastal ocean suffers from the convergence of multiple anthropogenic stressors with climate change at the forefront. Combined stresses from global warming, ocean acidification, eutrophication and deoxygenation threaten coastal ecosystems and thus their services that humans rely on. Unfortunately, the coastal ocean's large spatiotemporal heterogeneity limits our understanding of the biogeochemical processes involved and their responses to anthropogenic perturbations. The current database of coastal observations remains insufficient, and global biogeochemical ocean models have long been inadequate to the study of the global coastal ocean. Indeed, the spatial resolution of these models has been too coarse to resolve key small-scale coastal processes. However, continual improvements in computational resources now allow global simulations to be made with sufficiently high model resolution that begins to be suitable for coastal ocean studies. In this thesis, we propose to study the evolution of the coastal ocean biogeochemistry at the global scale over recent decades using higher resolution versions of the global physical-biogeochemical model NEMO-PISCES. After evaluating of the global representation of the coastal biogeochemistry in this ocean model, we estimate the current role of the coastal ocean in the ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon and we study the impact of the anthropogenically driven changes in riverine inputs on the coastal biogeochemistry. From simulations made at 3 different spatial resolutions (200 km, 50 km, 25 km), we esteem that the 50-km model grid offers the best compromise between quality of results and computational cost. The upgrade to 25 km does not appear to provide significant improvement in model skill of simulating coastal biogeochemical fields. After evaluating the model, we provide an estimate of the coastal-ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon, the first study to do so with a global 3-D model. In our simulation, the coastal zone absorbs only 4.5% of the anthropogenic carbon taken up by the global ocean during 1993-2012, less than the 7.5% proportion of coastal-to-global-ocean surface areas. Coastal uptake is weakened due to a bottleneck in offshore transport, which is inadequate to reduce the mean anthropogenic carbon concentration of coastal waters to the average level found in the open-ocean mixed layer. Finally, the anthropogenic perturbation in riverine delivery of nutrients to the ocean has limited impact on the coastal carbon cycle when integrated across all coastal regions, but locally it can induce sharp biogeochemical contrasts. For example, the North Sea shows minor biogeochemical changes following the moderate local trend in nutrient riverine inputs, which is in dramatic contrast to the East China Sea where extensive deoxygenation and acidification are driven by sharp increases in riverine nutrient inputs
Bourgeois, Timothée. "Effets des perturbations anthropiques sur la biogéochimie dans l'océan côtier à l'échelle globale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV015.
Texto completoThe coastal ocean suffers from the convergence of multiple anthropogenic stressors with climate change at the forefront. Combined stresses from global warming, ocean acidification, eutrophication and deoxygenation threaten coastal ecosystems and thus their services that humans rely on. Unfortunately, the coastal ocean's large spatiotemporal heterogeneity limits our understanding of the biogeochemical processes involved and their responses to anthropogenic perturbations. The current database of coastal observations remains insufficient, and global biogeochemical ocean models have long been inadequate to the study of the global coastal ocean. Indeed, the spatial resolution of these models has been too coarse to resolve key small-scale coastal processes. However, continual improvements in computational resources now allow global simulations to be made with sufficiently high model resolution that begins to be suitable for coastal ocean studies. In this thesis, we propose to study the evolution of the coastal ocean biogeochemistry at the global scale over recent decades using higher resolution versions of the global physical-biogeochemical model NEMO-PISCES. After evaluating of the global representation of the coastal biogeochemistry in this ocean model, we estimate the current role of the coastal ocean in the ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon and we study the impact of the anthropogenically driven changes in riverine inputs on the coastal biogeochemistry. From simulations made at 3 different spatial resolutions (200 km, 50 km, 25 km), we esteem that the 50-km model grid offers the best compromise between quality of results and computational cost. The upgrade to 25 km does not appear to provide significant improvement in model skill of simulating coastal biogeochemical fields. After evaluating the model, we provide an estimate of the coastal-ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon, the first study to do so with a global 3-D model. In our simulation, the coastal zone absorbs only 4.5% of the anthropogenic carbon taken up by the global ocean during 1993-2012, less than the 7.5% proportion of coastal-to-global-ocean surface areas. Coastal uptake is weakened due to a bottleneck in offshore transport, which is inadequate to reduce the mean anthropogenic carbon concentration of coastal waters to the average level found in the open-ocean mixed layer. Finally, the anthropogenic perturbation in riverine delivery of nutrients to the ocean has limited impact on the coastal carbon cycle when integrated across all coastal regions, but locally it can induce sharp biogeochemical contrasts. For example, the North Sea shows minor biogeochemical changes following the moderate local trend in nutrient riverine inputs, which is in dramatic contrast to the East China Sea where extensive deoxygenation and acidification are driven by sharp increases in riverine nutrient inputs
Boissier, Olivier. "Impact des pressions anthropiques sur les communautés de frugivores et la dispersion des graines en forêt guyanaise". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0039.
Texto completoTropical rain forests are threatened by many anthropogenic pressures that endanger not only species but also ecosystem processes such as mutualistic interactions. This thesis focused on the impact of hunting and logging on communities of frugivorous and granivorous mammals and birds and on seed dispersal at two forest sites in French Guiana. Densities of several major seed dispersers were greatly reduced at the hunted and impacted site, where a very significant reduction of rates of seed removal underneath fruiting trees was observed at the same time. The impact of anthropogenic pressures on seed dispersal and removal, which so far has been known at the species level, was shown at the level of endozoochorous tree communities. The method developed here can be used to assess the health status of tropical forests, in a conservation perspective
Dufour, Simon. "Contrôles naturels et anthropiques de la structure et de la dynamique des forêts riveraines : exemples de différents hydrosystèmes rhodaniens". Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_dufour_s.pdf.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we analyse, quantitatively, the impact of the hydro-morphological evolution of the channel on water and sediments fluxes, and thus on floodplain forests of Rhodanian hydrosystems. At the landscape scale, we show that abandonment of forestry and pastoral practices can lead to an increase in floodplain vegetation cover. At the individual scale, the altitude of a site, modifying by bed mobility, is the most important control on the degree of hydrological connection. At the community level, we demonstrate that ecological conditions are also influenced by the geometrical evolution of the bed: degradation; embankment. The examples developed constitute a significant argument for promoting a consistent management strategy for fluvial systems and floodplain forests and to discuss the concepts of physical connection, human pressures, and riparian path
Daeden, Jonathan. "Analyse des pressions anthropiques sur l’environnement littoral européen et français". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS019/document.
Texto completoCoastal management and conservation require the synthesis of geographic data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and their combined impacts on marine and terrestrial coastal ecosystems. Currently, across the European or French coasts, few studies provide a global view of risks on terrestrial and marine habitats. How are human pressures on biodiversity distributed? How to define the littoral system and thus improve management of this territory? At the European level, using 24 human pressures from EUROSTAT across the NUTS classification, we cut the European coasts in strips of 10 km to a limit of 100 km and identified the distribution and relative intensity pressures on coastal environments. We have shown that the great majority of the pressures occurs directly on the coastline and in the first 30 kilometers, then decreases sharply to the limit of 100 km. This division of the European coasts has also allowed us to use factorial correspondence analyses coupled with a hierarchical cluster analysis to divide the coastal territories in 4 coherent groups with the same pressures and relative intensities across Europe. At the French level, we have also developed a spatial model weighted by expert opinions based on geolocation of 15 human pressures on 81 marine and terrestrial biophysical habitats present on the metropolitan French coasts. The information is synthesized in the form of impact score applied to a mesh composed of 26000 cells (25 km²). This method of cumulative anthropogenic impacts scoring in an additive model shows areas with higher risks on both the marine and land territory. Again, the most affected areas by the human disturbances are close to the coast. Conversely, the least affected areas are those with a strong bathymetry and those with a significant elevation. We finally developed a participatory website that includes integrated GIS that allows the collection and dissemination of analysis of these human pressures on France following our additive model and allows at more local scales to return our analysis from any type of user. In the end few areas are not affected by human activities (0.1%) and a rather large fraction present very high risk (4.8%). The nearer the coastline, the more the risks are high. These analyses and maps are tools that give better understanding of conservation issues for the implementation of a socio-ecosystems coastal management and that will target the priorities in the conservation of our territories at a continental, national or local scale
Girardot, Benjamin. "Effets de perturbations naturelles ou anthropiques sur la structure et la dynamique d'un réseau trophique : approche par modélisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0228.
Texto completoUsually, the relationships between, on the one hand, the fragility offood webs and their structure, and on the other hand, the generativeprocesses responsible for these structures, are treated separately. Wedevelop in this thesis an eco-evolutionary assembly model that allows usto study these two relationships in a unified framework. For each ofthese relationships, three levels of organization are considered: thenetwork, the network motif (*i.e.* the triplets of species in thenetwork), and the species. We study the role of the evolutionary historyof communities in the emergence of these structures, as well as theirfragility. We first highlight a key role of evolutionary environmentalrichness on the emerging structures of food webs and their associatedfragilities. We also show that this environmental richness of evolutionplays an important role in the type of controls ("bottom-up" *vs*"top-down") present in the communities. Particularly fragile networksubstructures are then highlighted; substructures that, in combinationwith other species-level indicators, can be used to strengthenpredictions about the fragility of these species. Finally, we study theemergence of the characteristic distribution of these substructures, ornetwork motifs: although common patterns are observed, for example inthe order of appearance, or "fixation", of some of these motifs, weshow that the speed of emergence seems to depend on abiotic conditionsof evolution
Guo, Chuanbo. "Modélisation des effets des changements climatiques et des activités anthropiques sur les assemblages des poissons des lacs en Chine". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2333/.
Texto completoKnowledge of the spatial distribution of species and communities in ecosystems is an essential prerequisite for the understanding of ecosystem functioning and processes as well as conservation and spatial planning issues. During the last several decades, in the context of global change, climate change and anthropogenic activities have long been acknowledged as the two main determinants which drive the fish diversity and distributions patterns, and ultimately affect the aquatic ecosystem properties and structure. However, up until now, very few efforts aimed at the fish diversity and ecosystem in the lakes across China. Consequently in the present study, we contribute to highlight the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on fish diversity and distribution patterns as well as the ecosystem properties with the approach of several ecological modelling. Specifically, we first build the global perspective on the fish distribution and assemblage patterns for a total of 425 fish species (subspecies) in 135 lakes across China using a novel multi-species approach fitted by the Multivariate Regression Tree (MRT). Five fish assemblages were defined by the constrained clustering, 107 indicator species were thus identified. Species diversity showed significantly differences among each assemblage: fish species richness in plateau lakes was significantly lower than plain lakes; however the diversity of the whole assemblage in plateaus was higher than other regions. Altitude, minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual temperature range and precipitation during the driest month were found to be the most important determinants affecting fish assemblages and distribution patterns in Chinese lakes. Then, MRT model was used to predict both species richness and species distribution in order to improve the management and conservation of fish species in China. Our results showed that MRT is a reliable and ideal community-based predictive technique for multi-species prediction. At the species composition level, altitude was the main determinant for the prediction, followed by precipitation of the driest month, temperature annual range and annual mean temperature. While at the richness level, precipitation of driest month, maximum temperature of warmest month and lake area were the main drivers for the prediction of the fish species richness pattern. Thirdly, we examine the capacity and uncertainty of ensemble modelling in predicting fish species distribution and diversity. Potential impacts from two main kinds of uncertainty sources were thus considered: species characteristics (contained species prevalence, altitude range, temperature range and precipitation range) and model techniques (calibration technique and evaluation technique). Finally, our results highlight that predictions from single SDM were so variety and unreliable for all species while ensemble approaches could yield more accurate predictions; we also found that there was no significant influence on the model outcomes from the evaluation measures; we emphasized that species characteristics as species prevalence, altitude range size and precipitation range size would strongly affect the outcomes of SDMs, but temperature range size didn't show a significantly influence; our findings finally verified the hypothesis that species distributed with a smaller range size could be more accurately predicted than species with large range size to be plausible in aquatic ecosystems. Lastly, a case study focused on evaluating the lake ecosystem properties and foodweb structure as well as the effects in a typical shallow macrophytic lake (Bao'an Lake, distributed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin), using the Ecopath model. Finally, the results showed that all the commercial fish suffered from high fishing pressure while forage resources such as attached algae, submerged plants and molluscs were not fully utilized. Moreover, we highlight that the Bao'an Lake ecosystem was a mature system according to Odum's theory. However when compared with some other lake ecosystems, the Bao'an Lake ecosystem, as well as some China lake ecosystems, showed extremely low values of CI (Connectance Index), FCI (Finn's Cycling Index) and SOI (System Omnivory Index), indicating that the ecosystem functions and food web structure of these Chinese lake tended to be simpler and linear than lake ecosystems in other countries. Consequently, this study indicated an urgent need for the adjustment and management of artificial fishery stocking in such type of lakes. Our present study have pictured the global perspective of lake fish diversity and distribution patterns in China, defined the main determinants, and examined the potential effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on fish diversity and ecosystem properties. Our results will benefit the conservation and management of fish resources, biodiversity, as well as the lake ecosystems all over the world
Tran, Thao. "Les perturbations anthropiques contemporaines : dans les mangroves du sud Viêt-Nam : entre nature, civilisations et histoire". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040020.
Texto completoThis study proposes a geohistorical approach of the mangrove ecosystems in the South Viêt-Nam. It will allow to understand its developments, considering environmental, sociological and economical characteristics. The Mekong Delta region, shaped wetlands and rice fields, was originally based on a civilization that converts the flat areas, thanks to hydrological and hydraulic progress. From 1860, the colonial Cochinchina history has contributed to change the structures, the forestry landscapes and country life. Regarding others modifications, the French Indochina War (1945-1954) and Viêt-Nam War (1945-1975) have contributed to destructions, disruptions, loss of biodiversity in the terrestrial biomes and aquatic ecosystems. On this conflict territory, the distant, enclaved and unhealthy regions became, between engagement and clandestinity, the refuge of the survival Viêt-Minh. The forests, on the alluvium soils - Cân Giò next Saïgon, Cà Mau in the southern tip of Viêt-Nam - were deeply damaged. The spraying of herbicides and defoliants during the chemical war (1961-1971), on the forests and paddy fields, has caused ecological and health effects, bringing about long term consequences. From test sites, spatial modeling and spatial analysis have allowed to rediscover the former landscapes before the wars, understand natural and managed dynamics of vegetation, estimate the post war evolutions. In fact, the conflicts have involved disturbances, change in landscape scale and created new forestry structures. French management, war’s impact on the resources and since 1970, fast expanding aquaculture in the mangrove forests, are so many disruptions
Libros sobre el tema "Effets anthropiques"
Chauveau, Laurent, Julien Bonnel, Sylvain Chauvaud, Jérôme Mars, Delphine Mathias y Olivier Frédéric. Effets des sons anthropiques sur la faune marine. éditions Quae, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-3545-2.
Texto completoBostrom, Nick. Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.
Buscar texto completoBostrom, Nick. Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy. Routledge, 2013.
Buscar texto completoBostrom, Nick. Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Buscar texto completoBostrom, Nick. Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Effets anthropiques"
Bachelet, Guy, Marie-Laure Acolas, Magalie Baudrimont, Hugues Blanchet, Françoise Daverat, Frédéric Garabetian, Pierre Labadie et al. "Les effets des pressions anthropiques sur la biodiversité". En L'estuaire de la Gironde : un écosystème altéré ?, 168–93. Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pub.45218.
Texto completoRodet, Guy. "Chapitre 37. Effets des perturbations anthropiques sur l’évolution des interactions insectes-plantes". En Interactions insectes-plantes, 577–88. IRD Éditions, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.22647.
Texto completoEl Alami, Younes, Noura Rassam, Mostafa Hmamouchi, Mohammed El-Fengour y Abdelghani Houari. "Cartographie des zones inondables dans le Rif méridional : Réalité des risques et perspectives de gestion à Aïn Aïcha (Province de Taounate, Maroc septentrional)". En Geografia, Riscos e Proteção Civil. Homenagem ao Professor Doutor Luciano Lourenço., 177–94. RISCOS - Associação Portuguesa de Riscos, Prevenção e Segurança, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34037/978-989-9053-04-5_1.1_07.
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