Tesis sobre el tema "Effect of fires on"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Effect of fires on".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Pool, Christiaan Frederik. "The effect of modified fuel loads on fire behaviour in Pinus patula and Eucalyptus macarthurii stands in the Mpumalanga Highveld forestry region of South Africa". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010958.
Texto completoBalfour, Victoria Nairn. "The effect of forest fires on runoff rates the role of duff removal and surface sealing by vegetative ash, western Montana /". Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12202007-181528/.
Texto completoRoben, Charlotte. "Effect of cooling and non-uniform fires on structural behaviour". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14292.
Texto completoWilliams, Richard L. "Effects of a summer wildfire on populations of Rattus fuscipes and Antechinus stuartii in sclerophyll forest of south-eastern Australia". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28083.
Texto completoOdhiambo, Benedict Oithe. "The effect of fire damage on the growth and survival mechanisms of selected native and commercial trees in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96924.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Surface fires are known to affect trees of different species differently, depending on the capacity of the bark to shield the cambium from heat. Tree bark characteristics differ among species and thus potentially influence the protective ability against cambium damage. The objectives of this study were to compare the protective role of bark against fire for selected indigenous and exotic species in the Western Cape, South Africa, and to investigate post-fire growth impacts following surface fire damage on Pinus radiata. In the first part of the study, trees were felled and billets of 25 cm height harvested from different heights along the trunk. Bark thickness, compass direction, stem diameter at breast height, bark moisture content and relative height of the sample in the stem were tested for their effect on heat insulation capacity of bark. Heating experiments were conducted at 400°C on the fresh billets with intact bark. Time to heat the cambium to lethal 60°C was determined. The second part of the study investigated the role of bark surface topology, bark density and bark chemical composition for its fire resistance. The same size billets were harvested from the lower trunk section of selected species. Surface topology was characterised by means of x-ray based computer tomography, density by moisture saturation method and bark chemical composition by thermo-gravimetrical analyses (TGA). The third part of the study investigated the impact of high intensity surface fires on growth of an 18 year old Pinus radiata plantation which was exposed to a ground fire 5 years prior to the analysis. Tree ring measurements were done on cores obtained by non-destructing coring method and various growth indices, based on yearly basal area increment (iBA) used to quantify growth response to the fire damage. Statistical analysis based on correlation, multi-model inference and multiple regression revealed no significant influence of compass direction and diameter at breast height. Heat resistance was mainly determined by bark thickness and to a lesser degree by moisture content. In several species relative height at the stem modulated the bark thickness effect. Higher up the stem bark of the same bark thickness offered less protection against heat. The results also suggest that in particular bark topology plays a role, while the correlations with bark density and chemical composition could not be secured statistically. A main finding was that fissures in the bark play a significant role. A regression model showed a significant influence of fissure width, fissure frequency and the minimum bark thickness to the cambium, which is a function of fissure depth. The results show that structural bark parameters are a necessary addition to explain heat resistance of bark. Statistical analysis employing one-way Anova and incorporating Tamhane’s T2 Post Hoc test revealed significant growth reductions following high intensity surface fire damage on Pinus radiata in the fire year with the impact being passed on to the following year. The recovery phase extended a two year period. During this time the trees showed increased diameter growth probably due to increased water availability.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is bekend dat oppervlakvure in bos-ekostelsels verskillende boomspesies verskillend affekteer, afhangende van die vermoë van bas om die kambium van hitte te beskerm. Baseienskappe verskil tussen spesies en het dus 'n potensiële invloed op die beskermende vermoë teen kambiumskade. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om die beskermende rol van bas teen vuur te vergelyk tussen inheemse en uitheemse spesies in Wes-Kaapland, Suid Afrika asook om die na-vuur impak op groei te ondersoek met brandskade aan Pinus radiata. In die eerste deel van die studie is bome geoes en stompe van 25 cm lengte van verskillende hoogtes verwyder. Basdikte, kompasrigting, stompdiameter by borshoogte, basvoggehalte en die relatiewe hoogte van die stomp in die stam is getoets vir hul invloed op hitte-isolasiekapasiteit van bas. Verhittingseksperimente is gedoen teen 400 °C op die vars stompe wat steeds bas opgehad het. Die tyd om die bas tot by 'n skadelike 60 °C te verhit is bepaal. Die tweede deel van die studie het die rol van basoppervlaktopologie, basdigtheid, en die bas chemiese samestelling ondersoek in vuurweerstand. Dieselfde grootte stompe is geoes van die laer dele van die stam van uitgesoekte spesies. Oppervlaktopologie is bepaal deur middel van X-straal rekenaartomografie, digtheid deur die versadigingsvoggehaltemetode, en chemiese samestelling deur termo-gravimetriese analise (TGA). Die derde deel van die studie het die impak van hoë intensiteit oppervlakvure op groei van 18-jaar oue Pinus radiata ondersoek. Jaarringmetings is gedoen op inkrementboorsels wat nie-destruktief bekom is en verskeie groei-indekse, gebaseer op jaarlikse basale oppervlak aanwas, is gebruik om die groeireaksie op brandskade te kwantifiseer. Statistiese analise gebaseer op korrelasie, multi-model inferensie, en veelvuldige regressie het gewys dat kompasrigting en deursnee op borshoogte nie 'n beduidende invloed gehad het nie. Hitteweerstand was hoofsaaklik bepaal deur basdikte, en in 'n mindere mate basvoggehalte. By verskeie spesies het die relatiewe hoogte die basdikte-effek gemoduleer. Hoër in die stam het dieselfde dikte bas minder beskerming gebied as bas van laer in die stam. Die resultate impliseer dat basoppervlaktopologie ook 'n rol speel in hitteweerstand terwyl basdigtheid en chemiese samestelling nie 'n statisties beduidende rol gespeel het nie. 'n Belangrike bevinding was dat gleuwe of openinge in die bas 'n beduidende rol speel. 'n Regressiemodel wys dat 'n beduidende invloed deur gleufwydte, gleuffrekwensie en die minimum basdikte na die kambium. Die resultate wys dat strukturele basparameters 'n belangrike bykomende rol speel om hitteweerstand van bas te verduidelik. Die statistiese analise waar eenrigting ANOVA met Tamhane se T2 Post Hoc toets gebruik is toon dat ‘n beduidende groeivermindering teweeg gebring is in die Pinus radiata as gevolg van skade veroorsaak deur hoë intensiteit oppervlakvure waarvan die impak eers in die jaar na die vuur sigbaar was. Die herstelfase het oor twee jaar gestrek. Gedurende hierdie tyd het die bome 'n toename in deursneegroei getoon, waarskynklik as gevolg van verhoogde waterbeskikbaarheid.
Mendenhall, Scout. "Effect of Deposition from Static Test Fires on Corn and Alfalfa". DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1404.
Texto completoKodandapani, Narendran. "Fire regimes and their ecological effects in seasonally dry tropical ecosystems in the Western Ghats, India". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
Buscar texto completoMyers, Alexandra. "A computational study of the effect of cross wind on the flow of fire fighting agent". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FMyers.pdf.
Texto completoRatsele, Clement Ratsele. "Long-term ecological effects of rangeland burning, grazing and browsing on vegetation and organic matter dynamics". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006844.
Texto completoParsons, Russell Andrew. "Spatial variability in forest fuels simulation miodeling and effects on fire behavior /". CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-141125/.
Texto completoMansour, Khalid A. "Fires in large atmospheric storage tanks and their effect on adjacent tanks". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12196.
Texto completoThomas, Paul B., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College y School of Environment and Agriculture. "Effects of factors associated with the season of a fire on germination of species forming soil seedbanks in the fire-prone Hawkesbury sandstone region of Sydney, Australia". THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Thomas_P.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/697.
Texto completoDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Garrison, Trent. "The Environmental Effects of Coal Fires". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/31.
Texto completoCampbell, Tessa Angela. "The effects of fire and harvesting on Restionaceae SPP. (Thamnochortus insignis and T. erectus) with different life histories : a matrix modelling approach". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2655.
Texto completoThe Restionaceae is a dominant family in the Fynbos Biome, an area in which fire plays a role as an important disturbance, yet little is known about their population dynamics. Two species of the Restionaceae (Thamnochortus insignis and T. erectus) are economically important as thatching reed and differ in their life-histories. This study aims to determine the effects of variation in life history (sprouter vs. non-sprouter) on the population structure and dynamics of T. erectus (“wyfies riet”, sprouter) and T. insignis (“mannetjies riet”), a non-sprouting species. A matrix-modelling approach based on field data collected by Ball (1995) is used to determine population growth rates, stable stage distributions and stage sensitivity and elasticity for the two species with no disturbance present. The sprouter (T. erectus) shows a positive population growth rate (λ >1) and greater persistence within all stages. The non-sprouting species (T. insignis) shows a negative population growth rate (λ <1) between disturbances as well as greater seed production, germination and growth between stages. Based on the population dynamics of these two species, further research was done to understand the effect of disturbance (harvesting and fire) on these species. A matrix modelling approach was used to determine which disturbance frequency maximises population output and success. Harvesting as well as fire results in a decline in T. insignis populations. A five year frequency for harvesting results in the greatest output of adult plants with the lowest effect on the population, and a fire frequency of 50 to 65 years is recommended. Testing indicates that the model underestimates the number of adults in the population and thus the model is conservative. T. erectus populations grow despite fire or harvesting; thus any reasonable harvesting (3-5 year frequency) and fire (10+ years between fire) regime would ensure population persistence. As data were limited it was not possible to test the results although T. erectus appears resilient to disturbance and therefore a predetermined regime is not as important as in T. insignis. Recommendations to farmers are made based on these results.
Villeneuve, Jasmin. "Influence des hautes températures sur la germination de graines de six espèces de conifères du Québec /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Texto completoDowling, Patrick Kevin. "The Meteorological Effects of the Kuwait Oil Fires". W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626039.
Texto completoMurphy, Peter John. "Methods for evaluating the effects of forest fire management in Alberta". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25944.
Texto completoForestry, Faculty of
Graduate
Lata, Mary Elizabeth. "Variables affecting first order fire effects, characteristics, and behavior in experimental and prescribed fires in mixed and tallgrass prairie". Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/72.
Texto completoWhite, Katrina Marie y University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Effects of fire on a prairie arthropod community". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2000, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/125.
Texto completox, 97 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
Bakar, M. Z. Abu. "A study of the effect of tunnel aspect ratio on control of smoke flow in tunnel fires". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312744.
Texto completoLombard, Pieter Jacobus Lategan. "The long term effects of fire frequency and season on the colophospermum mopane shrubveld of the Kruger National Park". Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/257.
Texto completoRadford, M. W. "An Investigation of the Effects of Sprinklers on Compartment Fires". University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8289.
Texto completoEldiabani, Gibrel S. "Forest fires and their effect on chemical and physical properties of soils in North-eastern-Libya. Assessment of the changes in soil chemical and physical properties of soils in North-eastern-Libya". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5402.
Texto completoLibyan Government
Nacewicz, Rebecca Marie. "Investigation of fire impact on structural steel through case studies". Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-105306/.
Texto completoSt, Onge Peter Douglas. "The effect of clearcut logging and forest fires on hypolimnetic oxygen depletion rates in remote Canadian Shield lakes /". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33032.
Texto completoThis research made considerable use of specialized data manipulation techniques involving a relational database management system, owing to the size of the dataset used (114 lake-years of data). The specific approach used in this thesis is presented in an appendix.
Salvo, Aires Felipe. "Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12839.
Texto completoLandmann, Tobias. "A case study for Skukuza : estimating biophysical poperties of fires using EOS-MODIS satellite data ; a field and remote sensing study to quantify burnt area and fire effects in South African semi-arid savannas /". Aachen : Shaker-Verl, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0708/2006485603.html.
Texto completoEldiabani, Gibrel Salah. "Forest fires and their effect on chemical and physical properties of soils in North-eastern-Libya : assessment of the changes in soil chemical and physical properties of soils in North-eastern-Libya". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5402.
Texto completoRust, Stephanus Marthinus. "Classification of timber from Pinus radiata trees exposed to forest fires". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98097.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aimed to classify wood from trees that were exposed to forest fires with regards to their end use. Exposure to high temperatures over time is known to degrade wood in various ways. This degradation could limit the end use by altering mechanical, chemical and physical properties, leading to difficulty in processing or failing to meet required specifications for various grades. In this study wood from Pinus radiata trees that were exposed to forest fires of different levels of heat intensity was analysed with regards to its anatomical and physical changes. Trees were visually classified into three classes of burn severity. Moisture content measurements were taken from 135 standing trees, divided among the three classes. 30 trees, 10 from each of the three classes, were sampled and used for CT analysis. Samples were taken to include growth from before and after the fire. Two samples were taken from each tree, one from the charred and one from the uncharred side. The CT data was analysed and used to measure properties like growth ring width, cell wall thickness, lumen diameter and cell wall density. The data was used to compare properties from the charred and uncharred sides within a given year, as well as compare properties between years. The study showed that there were significant differences in the MC between the burnt and unburnt sides of trees from classes 2 and 3. The difference between the MC measurements on the burnt sides of three classes differed significantly from each other. Lightness measurements were taken on samples from classes 2 and 3. These samples showed no significant difference between the burnt and unburnt sides for either of the two classes. The samples from the less exposed class were lighter, but not significantly so. The macroscopic wood density was determined using core samples. A decrease in wood density was observed with an increase in fire exposure. The mean densities for all three classes however still fulfilled the requirements for structural timber set by the SABS. Growth ring width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter analysis gave varied results, with some cases showing a decline in properties while others were seemingly unaffected. For many of the outcomes of this study, results found by previous studies could not be reproduced.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het gepoog om bome wat aan plantasiebrande blootgestel is volgens hul eindgebruik te klassifiseer. Dit is bekend dat blootstelling aan hoë tempreature hout in vele maniere afbreuk. Hierdie afbreuking kan die eindgebruik van die hout beperk deur die meganiese, fisiese en chemiese eienskappe sodanig te verander dat dit kan lei tot probleme met verwerking of ongeskiktheid vir sterktegrade. In hierdie studie is Pinus radiata bome wat aan plantasiebrande van verskillende grade blootgestel is ondersoek in terme van hul fisiese en anatomiese veranderinge. Bome is visueel in drie klasse van verskillende brandskade gegroepeer. Voglesings is op 135 staande bome, verdeel tussen die drie klasse, geneem. Monsters is van 30 bome, 10 uit elke klas, geneem vir CT analiese. Monsters is so geneem dat dit groei van voor en na die brand ingesluit het. Daar is twee monsters van elke boom geneem, een van die gebrande en een van die ongebrande kant. Die CT data is geanalieseer en gebruik om eienskappe soos jaarringwydte, selwanddikte, lumendiameter en selwand digtheid te meet. Die data is gebruik om eienskappe tussen die gebrande en ongebrande kante, sowel as tussen jare te vergelyk. Die studie het gewys dat daar noemenswaardige verskille is tussen die voginhoud van die gebrande en ongebrande kante van bome uit klasse 2 en 3. Die voginhoud van die gebrande kante van al drie klasse verkil ook noemenswaardig van mekaar. Ligtheidmetings is gedoen op monsters van klasse 2 en 3. Die monsters het nie ‘n noemenswaardige verskil tussen die gebrande en ongebrande kante getoon nie. Alhoewel die klas 2 monsters ligter vertoon het as die klas 3 monsters, was die verskil nie betekenisvol nie. Houtdigtheid is bepaal deur fisiese metings op die monsters wat vir die CT skandering gebruik is te doen. ‘n Daling in digtheid met ‘n toename in blootstelling aan die brand het duidelik na vore gekom. Die digtheid is egter nog hoog genoeg om aan die vereistes vir strukturele hout te voldoen, soos die die SABS bepaal. Jaarringwydte, selwanddikte en lumen diameter het wisselende resultate opgelewer, met sommige gevalle wat ‘n afname in eienskappe wys en ander wat ooglopend onveranderd was. Vir vele van hierdie uitkoms kon die resultate van vorige studies nie bevestig word nie.
Parkinson, David L. "Performance based design of structural steel for fire conditions". Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0821102-115014.
Texto completoMounaud, Laurent Georges. "A Parametric Study of the Effect of Fire Source Elevation in a Compartment". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30916.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Spriggs, Amy. "Dowsing fynbos fires with sea water. An investigation into the effects of utilising sea water dropped by helicopter to extinguish fires in Cape Mountain fynbos". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26391.
Texto completoStanton, Rebekah L. "Fire and Rodent Consumer Effects on Plant Community Assembly and Invasion in North American Deserts". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9172.
Texto completoKirchner, Brianna N. Wilkins Kenneth T. "Indirect effects of fire on the small mammal community of a tallgrass blackland prairie remnant in Texas". Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5304.
Texto completoJohnson, Kenneth B. "Fire and its Effects on Mercury and Methylmercury Dynamics for Two Watersheds in Acadia National Park, Maine". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JohnsonKB2002.pdf.
Texto completoTolsma, Arn Douwe. "The Effects of fire and grazing on the energy reserves of resprouting plants in Victoria's alpine grasslands /". Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000331.
Texto completoPinheiro, Fabiola M. R. "Effects of forest fires and clear-cutting on mercury loading to boreal lakes". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/MQ64431.pdf.
Texto completoHu, Zhixin. "Flame extinction and air vitiation effects in FDS In poorly ventilated compartment fires". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3001.
Texto completoThesis research directed by: Dept. of Fire Protection Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Landmann, Tobias. "A case study for Skukuza : estimating biophysical properties of fires using EOS-MODIS satellite data : a field and remote sensing study to quantify burnt area and fire effects in South African semi-arid savannas /". Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0708/2006485603.html.
Texto completoBois, Claudette Hélène. "The effect of timber harvest and wildfire on soil physical and nutritional dynamics in two boreal forest ecosite types in eastern Manitoba /". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80229.
Texto completoThe research presented herein took place in the Manitoba Model Forest (MBMF), located in eastern Manitoba, where the natural disturbance regime is wildfire. Timber harvest strategies used in the area are designed to emulate a wildfire (5% retention of standing timber and extensive slash inputs) and clearcut harvesting. The objective of this study was to document changes in forest floor and soil properties prior to and following harvesting, and to compare these properties to those found in a small wildfire that burned in the MBMF in late summer 1998, which serves as a benchmark to the harvest. In the two study areas, both thin mineral soil (5--20 cm) and moderately deep mineral soil (20--100 cm) ecosite types were monitored at four dates over a two year period for soil physical and nutritional response patterns.
Maghran, Lauren A. "Recovery and Changes in Plant Communities from Two Large Fires in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/337365.
Texto completoHellberg, Erik. "Historical variability of deciduous trees and deciduous forests in northern Sweden : effects of forest fires, land-use and climate /". Umeå : Dept. of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s308.pdf.
Texto completoYii, Ee Hieng. "Modelling the effects of fuel types and ventilation openings on post-flashover compartment fires". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7728.
Texto completoChatenet, Sarah. "An instrumented controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter to characterize electrical cable behavior in depleted fires". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R047.
Texto completoElectrical cable sheaths are the most abundant fire load in nuclear power plants and fire is the most frequent internal aggression (one fire outbreak per year and per nuclear unit in France). A fire is threatening by two means: the heat it releases that may drive a fire growth and the smoke it yields, composed of gases and aerosols, that may be toxic and corrosive and interact with components in the area. At advanced stages, confined fires become oxygen depleted and the combustion regime shifts towards under-ventilated and vitiated combustion with the production of unburnt species leading to a higher threat. To assess the potential hazard of a confined fire, it is then of high importance to quantify the heat release, the gases and the aerosols produced by electrical cable sheaths fires in oxygen depleted conditions. To do so, a bench scale apparatus known as the controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter (CACC) has been developed. The apparatus has been primarily qualified with PMMA plaques. Representative materials of PVC based electrical cable sheath have been formulated and manufactured in the shape of plaque samples. These materials have been characterized in terms of fire parameters (heat release rate, mass loss rate), evolved gases and evolved aerosols under different oxygen concentrations in under-ventilated conditions thanks to the CACC/FTIR/ELPI coupling. Vitiation lowers the heat release rate and decreases the fuel mass loss rate while under-ventilation increases unburnt species and aerosols production
Chatenet, Sarah. "An instrumented controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter to characterize electrical cable behavior in depleted fires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR047.
Texto completoElectrical cable sheaths are the most abundant fire load in nuclear power plants and fire is the most frequent internal aggression (one fire outbreak per year and per nuclear unit in France). A fire is threatening by two means: the heat it releases that may drive a fire growth and the smoke it yields, composed of gases and aerosols, that may be toxic and corrosive and interact with components in the area. At advanced stages, confined fires become oxygen depleted and the combustion regime shifts towards under-ventilated and vitiated combustion with the production of unburnt species leading to a higher threat. To assess the potential hazard of a confined fire, it is then of high importance to quantify the heat release, the gases and the aerosols produced by electrical cable sheaths fires in oxygen depleted conditions. To do so, a bench scale apparatus known as the controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter (CACC) has been developed. The apparatus has been primarily qualified with PMMA plaques. Representative materials of PVC based electrical cable sheath have been formulated and manufactured in the shape of plaque samples. These materials have been characterized in terms of fire parameters (heat release rate, mass loss rate), evolved gases and evolved aerosols under different oxygen concentrations in under-ventilated conditions thanks to the CACC/FTIR/ELPI coupling. Vitiation lowers the heat release rate and decreases the fuel mass loss rate while under-ventilation increases unburnt species and aerosols production
Filion, Jacques. "Distribution spatiale de la regénération d'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) 8 ans après un feu de forêt /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Texto completoCloete, Karen Jacqueline. "Physiological effects of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal associations on the sclerophyll Agathosma betulina (Berg.) Pillans". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16600.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Mountain Fynbos biome, a division of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), is home to round-leafed Buchu [Agathosma betulina (Berg.) Pillans], one of South Africa’s best-known endangered herbal medicinal plants. Agathosma betulina is renowned as a traditional additive to brandy or tea, which is used for the treatment of a myriad of ailments. In its natural habitat, A. betulina thrives on mountain slopes in acid and highly leached gravelly soils, with a low base saturation and low concentrations of organic matter. To adapt to such adverse conditions, these plants have formed mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In this study, the effect of indigenous AM taxa on the physiology of A. betulina is investigated. In addition, the AM taxa responsible for these physiological responses in the plant were identified using morphological and molecular techniques. Agathosma betulina was grown under glasshouse conditions in its native rhizosphere soil containing a mixed population of AM fungi. Control plants, grown in the absence of AM fungi, were included in the experimentation. In a time-course study, relative growth rate (RGR), phosphorus (P)-uptake, P utilization cost, and carbon (C)-economy of the AM symbiosis were calculated. The data showed that the initial stages of growth were characterized by a progressive increase in AM colonization. This resulted in an enhanced P-uptake in relation to non-AM plants once the symbiosis was established. Consequently, the lower P utilization cost in AM plants indicated that these plants were more efficient in acquiring P than non-AM plants. When colonization levels peaked, AM plants had consistently higher growth respiration. This indicated that the symbiosis was resulting in a C-cost to the host plant, characterized by a lower RGR in AM plants compared to non-AM plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization decreased with increasing plant age that coincided with a decline in P-uptake and growth respiration, along with increases in RGR to a level equal to non-AM plants. Consequently, the AM benefit was only observed during the initial stages of growth. In order to identify the AM fungi in planta, morphological and molecular techniques were employed, which indicated colonization by AM fungi belonging to the genera Acaulospora and Glomus. Phylogenetic analyses of a dataset containing aligned 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from all families within the Glomeromycota, including sequences obtained during the study, supported the above mentioned identification.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Fynbos bergbioom, ‘n onderafdeling van die Kaapse Floristiese Streek, huisves rondeblaar Boegoe [Agathosma betulina (Berg.) Pillans], een van Suid Afrika se bekendste bedreigde medisinale plante. Agathosma betulina is bekend vir sy gebruik as tinktuur vir die behandeling van verskeie kwale. Die plant kom voor in bergagtige streke, in suur en mineraal-arm grond, met ‘n lae organiese inhoud. Gevolglik, om aan te pas by hierdie ongunstige kondisies, vorm die plante simbiotiese assosiasies met blaasagtige, struikvormige mikorrisa (BSM). In die huidige studie is die effek van hierdie BSM op die fisiologie van A. betulina ondersoek. Die identiteit van die BSM is ook gevolglik met morfologiese en molekulêre identifikasie tegnieke bepaal. Agathosma betulina plante is onder glashuis kondisies in hul natuurlike grond gekweek, wat ‘n natuurlike populasie van BSM bevat het. Kontroles is ook in die eksperiment ingesluit en hierdie stel plante is met geen BSM geïnokuleer nie. Gevolglik is die relatiewe groeitempo, fosfor opname, fosfor verbuikerskoste asook die koolstof ekonomie van die plante bereken. Die data het getoon dat die eerste groeifase gekarakteriseer is deur toenames in BSM kolonisasie vlakke. Dit het tot ‘n hoër fosfor opname in BSM geïnokuleerde plante gelei. Die laer fosfor verbuikerskoste gedurende hierdie fase het aangedui dat die plante wat geïnokuleer is met BSM oor beter meganismes beskik het om fosfor uit die grond te bekom. Toe BSM kolonisasie vlakke gepiek het, was groei respirasie hoër in BSM geïnokuleerde plante as in die kontroles. Dit het aangedui dat die BSM kolonisasie van plante tot hoër koolstof kostes vir hierdie plante gelei het, wat weerspieël is in die laer groeitempo van die BSM geïnokuleerde plante. Die BSM kolonisasie vlakke het gedaal met toenemende ouderdom van hul gasheer plante, wat gekarakteriseer is deur ‘n laer opname van fosfor en laer groei respirasie, tesame met ‘n toename in relatiewe groeitempo tot vlakke soortgelyk aan die van die kontrole plante. Die BSM voordele vir die plant is dus net gedurende die eerste groeifase waargeneem. Die BSM wat verantwoordelik is vir hierdie fisiologiese veranderinge is gevolglik geïdentifiseer met behulp van morfologiese en molekulêre tegnieke en dit is gevind dat BSM wat behoort tot die genera Acaulospora en Glomus binne hierdie plante voorkom. Filogenetiese analise gegrond op opgelynde 5.8S ribosomale RNA geen volgordes afkomstig van al die families binne Glomeromycota asook volgordes gevind in die studie, het die bogenoemde identifikasie gestaaf.
Tsitsopoulos, Vasileios. "Modelling of buoyant flows associated with large area fires and indirect free convection". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-of-buoyant-flows-associated-with-large-area-fires-and-indirect-free-convection(7e849d5b-6b95-4534-b387-63387f5ff26f).html.
Texto completoStronach, Neil Richard Hemsworth. "Grass fires in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania : characteristics, behaviour and some effects on young trees". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335247.
Texto completoRackauskaite, Egle. "iTFM : improved travelling fires methodology for structural design and the effects on steel framed buildings". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/52917.
Texto completo