Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Edwin lawrence"

With friends like Edwin Meese and Robert Bork, "jurispru- dence of original intent" (p. 3) needs no enemies. These polemicists have so corrupted originalism by associating it with reactionary ideology and partisan politics that, in Keith Whittington's words, "the task now is to convince critics to take [it] seriously again" (p. xii). Constitutional Interpretation ably performs this task. Whittington's rescue of originalist jurisprudence from its strangest bedfellows in itself is a major contribution to the study of constitutional law. But, although originalism has found a genuine friend, the book's powerful argument against "dismissing originalism as an interpretive method" (p. 162) does not constitute an affirmative defense. Whittington's efforts to make this case are informative and provocative, but they fail. This failure is traceable to serious defects in both the structure and content of the book.

Three leading experts on the Vietnam War and U.S. foreign policy offer separate evaluations of Bernd Greiner's book War without Fronts: The USA in Vietnam. The book presents a harsh and controversial appraisal of the conduct of U.S. troops in Vietnam, depicting the My Lai massacre not as an aberration but as one of a long series of atrocities committed by U.S. personnel. The three commentators diverge in their assessments of the book. Andrew Bacevich and Edwin Moïse sharply criticize the book, which they see as one-sided and often tendentious, selective, and inaccurate in its use of evidence. Bacevich argues that the book is intended in part, if only subconsciously, to bolster revisionist German claims about the conduct of Germany during the Second World War, and Moïse casts doubt on Greiner's use of key sources. Mark Lawrence, by contrast, praises the book and believes that it will help to refocus study of U.S. conduct in Vietnam. The forum concludes with a reply by Greiner to the three commentaries.

This study examined the use of past examination question papers (PEQPs) among students and their overall recall rate during examinations. It employed the descriptive survey research design and used all the 255 undergraduate students who visit the library in Private Universities such as Novena University Library Ogume, Western Delta University, Oghara, Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Library, Agbrha -Otor James Hope University, Edwin Clak University Library, Kaigbodo; Sports University , Library Idumuje, Ugboko, Margaret Lawrence University, Umunede Library, and Admirality University of Nigeria, Library Ibusa Ugwashi-Uku for PEQPs. Data for the study were collected in two phases over a period of two academic semesters with the first phase focusing on respondents’ collection of PEQPs, and the second phase requiring them to complete a questionnaire designed to elicit information on why they use PEQPs, what they gain and the overall outcome of their reliance on same. The study found that fresher rely more on (PEQPs), and most students use PEQPs as study guides as against pretesting themselves before an examination, the respondents do not see reliance on PEQPs as a major factor leading to improved academic performance of undergraduate students and this affects their perception of the effect PEQPs on their overall academic outcome. The study therefore concludes that as important as PEQPs usage seems to be, improper usage of same could be detrimental to the undergraduate users.

Slurry electrodes have been proposed as a means to enhance the scalability of hybrid redox flow battery (RFB) chemistries for better usability in utility scale energy storage applications1–3. In conventional hybrid RFB’s, scalability is limited due the spatial constraints of the flow cell and the metal deposited by the negative half-reaction on charge1. By using a slurry electrode, the solid metal can be deposited onto electrically conductive particles dispersed in the electrolyte instead of on the stationary electrode within the flow cell. In this way, hybrid RFB chemistries can achieve the same scalability as more commonly studied true RFB chemistries, such as all-vanadium. Due to the high abundance, low cost, and low toxicity of iron electrolytes, the all-iron RFB chemistry is of particular interest for use with a slurry electrode2,4. The usefulness of the slurry electrode depends on the current distribution of the plating reaction. To successfully decouple the storage and power capacities of the RFB and thus enhance its scalability5, the faradaic current of the plating reaction must occur predominantly on the mobile slurry particles, as opposed to on the stationary current collector1. This current distribution is dependent on a variety of factors, such as the applied overpotential, the electrical conductivity of the slurry, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, the kinetics of the reaction, and the rate of ionic mass transport to reaction sites. Ionic mass transport in electrolytes containing slurry electrodes may differ from ionic transport in neat electrolyte in interesting and important ways. Due to the volume fraction of the electrolyte occupied by solid particles, the effective concentration of the ionic species may be lower than in neat electrolyte. Further, the solid particle volume fraction hinders ionic diffusion by introducing diffusion path tortuosity. This effect is more severe in higher slurry particle loadings. In this work, the effect of varying dispersed solid particle loading on ionic diffusivity is investigated via voltammetry using a rotating disk electrode. The diffusivities of ionic iron species are measured as a function of the volume fraction of solids dispersed in the electrolyte. Comparisons with the Bruggeman correlation6,7 are made and amendments to the Levich equation are considered. (1) Petek, T. J.; Hoyt, N. C.; Savinell, R. F.; Wainright, J. S. Slurry Electrodes for Iron Plating in an All-Iron Flow Battery. J. Power Sources 2015, 294, 620–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.050. (2) Petek, T. J. Enhancing the Capacity of All-Iron Flow Batteries: Understanding Crossover and Slurry Electrodes. Ph.D. Thesis 2015, No. May. (3) Narayanan, T. M.; Zhu, Y. G.; Gençer, E.; McKinley, G.; Shao-Horn, Y. Low-Cost Manganese Dioxide Semi-Solid Electrode for Flow Batteries. Joule 2021, 5 (11), 2934–2954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.07.010. (4) Dinesh, A.; Olivera, S.; Venkatesh, K.; Santosh, M. S.; Priya, M. G.; Inamuddin; Asiri, A. M.; Muralidhara, H. B. Iron-Based Flow Batteries to Store Renewable Energies. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2018, 16 (3), 683–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0709-8. (5) Weber, A. Z.; Mench, M. M.; Meyers, J. P.; Ross, P. N.; Jeffrey, T.; Liu, Q. Redox Flow Batteries , a Review Environmental Energy Technologies Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Department of Mechanical , Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering , University of Tennessee , Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill Un. 1–72. (6) Tjaden, B.; Cooper, S. J.; Brett, D. J.; Kramer, D.; Shearing, P. R. On the Origin and Application of the Bruggeman Correlation for Analysing Transport Phenomena in Electrochemical Systems. Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 2016, 12, 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2016.02.006. (7) Chung, D. W.; Ebner, M.; Ely, D. R.; Wood, V.; Edwin García, R. Validity of the Bruggeman Relation for Porous Electrodes. Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2013, 21 (7). https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/21/7/074009.

In this paper, it is discuss the points raised from a pilot study for qualitative research planning. The argumentation present here is the result of a pilot study that focused the games of mathematical language on teacher training for rural schools. The data production took place in the Federal University of Reconcâvo Baiano, campus of Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, Brazil. The pilot study did not only provide insights for the research, but for any qualitative inquiry. Based on that, it is suggest that pilot study raises questions for reviewing a qualitative research planning in at least six dimensions: ethical, methodological, theoretical, analytical, operational and representational.ResumoNeste artigo, são discutidas as potencialidades do estudo piloto para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa qualitativa. A argumentação ora apresentada é fruto de um estudo piloto que focalizou os jogos de linguagem matemáticos na formação de professores do campo. A produção de dados ocorreu no curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo com Habilitações em Ciências da Natureza e Matemática em uma universidade pública no interior da Bahia, Brasil. O estudo piloto dessa pesquisa não gerou insights apenas para o delineamento da referida pesquisa, mas para qualquer investigação qualitativa. Baseado nisso, argumenta-se que o estudo piloto levanta questões para o refinamento do planejamento da pesquisa, pelo menos, em seis dimensões: ética, metodológica, teórica, analítica, operacional e representacional.Keywords: Pilot study, Qualitative research, Research Planning.Palavras-chave: Estudo piloto, Pesquisa qualitativa, Planejamento da pesquisa.ReferencesARAIN, Mubashir et al. What is a pilot or feasibility study? A review of current practice and editorial policy. BMC Medical Research Methodology. UK, jul. 2010. Disponível em: <https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1471-2288-10-67>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2017.ARNOLD, Donald et al. The design and interpretation of pilot trials in clinical research in critical care. Crit Care Med. USA, vol. 37, n. 1, jan. 2009. Disponível em: <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.622.1427&rep=rep1&type=pdf>. Acesso em 22 set. 2017.BELLO, Samuel Edmundo Lopez; RÉGNIER, Jean-Claude. Linguagem, realidade e subjetividade: elementos para uma Educação Matemática contemporânea. In: JELINEK, Karin Ritter; BELLO, Samuel Edmundo Lopez; SANTOS, Suelen Assunção (Orgs.). Educação Matemática: linguagens, práticas e sujeitos. Porto Alegre: Editora Canto - Cultura e Arte, p. 25-41, 2017. Disponível em: <http://canto.art.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Educacao-Matematica-linguagens-praticas-e-sujeitos-versao-digital-espelhada.pdf>. Acesso em: 6 abr. 2019BIRMAN, Joel. Jogando com a Verdade. Uma Leitura de Foucault. PHYSIS: Revista Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v. 12, n.2, p.301-324, 2002. Disponível em: < http://www.scielo.br/pdf/physis/v12n2/a07v12n2.pdf>. Acesso em: 5 abr. 2019.BRASIL. Ministério da Educação. Projeto Pedagógico do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo com Habilitações em Ciências da Natureza e Matemática. Feira de Santana: Coordenadoria de Ensino e Integração Acadêmica. CETENS/UFRB, 2013.CREPALDE, Rodrigo Santos; KLEPKA, Verônica; PINTO, Tânia Halley Oliveira. Interculturalidade e conhecimento tradicional sobre a Lua na formação de professores no/do campo. Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo, Tocantinópolis, v. 2, n. 3, p. 836-860, jul./dez., 2017. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.2525-4863.2017v2n3p836>. Acesso em: 5 maio 2017.CRESWELL, John. W. Investigação Qualitativa e Projeto de Pesquisa: escolhendo entre cinco abordagens. 3 ed. Porto Alegre: Penso, 2014. 341 p.DANNA, Cristiane Lisandra. O teste piloto: uma possibilidade metodológica e dialógica na pesquisa qualitativa em educação. In: I COLÓQUIO NACIONAL E VII ENCONTRO DO NÚCLEO DE ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS (NEL) da FURB, 16, 2012, Blumenau. Anais eletrônicos. Blumenau: FURB, 2012. Disponível em: <https://www.tecnoevento.com.br/nel/anais/artigos/art16.pdf>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2017.DE VAUS, David. Surveys in Social Research - 3rd edn. London: UCL Press, 1993. 379 p. FLICK, Uwe. Introdução à Pesquisa Qualitativa. 3. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2009. 405 p.FONGER, Nicola. Lessons learned as a novice researcher: A pilot study in Mathematics Education. The Hilltop Review, Michigan, apr. 2011. Disponível em: <https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=hilltopreview>. Acesso em: 6 fev. 2018.FOUCAULT, Michel. O cuidado com a verdade. In: FOUCAULT, Michel. Ditos e Escritos V. Ética, Sexualidade e Política. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2004c, p. 240-251.FOUCAULT, Michel. A Ordem do Discurso. Trad. Laura Fraga de Almeida Sampaio. 24 ed. São Paulo: Loyola, 2014. 74 p.GAIA, C.; PIRES, L. Saberes matemáticos e história de vida na zona rural de Marabá-PA. Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo, Tocantinópolis, v. 1, n. 1, p. 128-146, jan./jun.,2016. Disponível em: < https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.2525-4863.2016v1n1p128>. Acesso em: 5 mai 2017.GLOCK, Hans-Johann. Dicionário de Wittgenstein. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1998. 398 p.GRIX, Jonathan. The Foundations of Research. New York: Palgrave Study Skills, 2004. 200 p.GROS, Frédéric; DAVIDSON, Arnold. Foucault, Wittgenstein: de possibles rencontres. Paris: Éditions Kimé, 2011.ISMAIL, Nashwa; KINCHIN, Gary. EDWARDS, Julie-Ann. Pilot study, does it really matter? Learning lessons from conducting a pilot study for a qualitative PhD Thesis. International Journal of Social Science Research. USA, mar. 2018. Disponível em: <http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijssr/article/view/11720/9594>. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2018.JANGHORBAN, Roksana; ROUDSARI, Robab Latifnejad; TAGHIPOUR, Ali. Pilot study in qualitative research: the roles and values. Journal of Hayat, Tehran, mar. 2014. Disponível em: <http://hayat.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=666&sid=1&slc_lang=en>. Acesso em: 6 fev. 2018.KIM, Yujin. The pilot study in qualitative inquiry: identifying issues and learning lessons for culturally competent research. Qualitative Social Work, USA, may 2011. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325010362001>. Acesso em: 6 fev. 2018.KNIJNIK, Gelsa. Differentially positioned language games: ethnomathematics from a philosophical perspective. Educational Studies in Mathematics, Switzerland, v. 80, p. 87-100, may 2012. Disponível em: <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10649-012-9396-8>. Acesso em: 10 mar 2018.KNIJNIK, Gelsa. Etnomatemáticas en movimiento: Perspectiva Etnomatemática, sus formulaciones teóricas y ejemplificaciones. Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemática, Colombia, v. 7, n. 2, p. 139-151, jun./sep. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.revista.etnomatematica.org/index.php/RevLatEm/article/view/127>. Acesso em: 5 abr. 2019.KNIJNIK, Gelsa. A ordem do discurso da matemática escolar e jogos de linguagem de outras formas de vida. Perspectivas da Educação Matemática, Campo Grande, v. 10, n. 22, p. 45-64, 2017. Disponível em: <http://seer.ufms.br/index.php/pedmat/article/view/3877/3104>. Acesso em: 10 mar 2018.MACKEY, Alison; GASS, Susan. Second language research: methodology and design. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005. 405 p.RICHARDSON, Roberto Jerry. Pesquisa social: métodos e técnicas. 3. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2012. 394 p.SILVEIRA, Maria Rosâni Abreu. Matemática, discurso e linguagens: contribuições para a Educação Matemática. São Paulo: Editora Livraria da Física, 2015. (Coleção Contextos da Ciência). TEIJLINGEN, Edwin Van; HUNDLEY, Vanora. The importance of pilot studies. Social Research Update. England, jan./mar. 2001. Disponível em: <http://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU35.html>. Acesso em: 5 fev. 2018.THABANE, Lehana et al. A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology. London, jan. 2010. Disponível em: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824145/>. Acesso em: 7 fev. 2018.UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RECÔNCAVO DA BAHIA. Projeto Pedagógico do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo com Habilitações em Ciências da Natureza e Matemática. Feira de Santana, 2013.VEIGA-NETO, Alfredo. Foucault & a Educação. 2 ed. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2007. (Coleção Pensadores & Educação).VEIGA-NETO, Alfredo. Teoria e método em Michel Foucault: (im)possibilidades. Cadernos de Educação. Pelotas, n. 34, p. 83 - 94, set./dez., 2009. Disponível em: <https://periodicos.ufpel.edu.br/ojs2/index.php/caduc/article/view/1635/1518>. Acesso em: 6 abr. 2019.VERGÈS, P. Ensemble de Programmes Permettant L’annalyse des Évocations – EVOC 2000. Manuel, version, 5. 2002.WANDERER, Fernanda. Educação Matemática, jogos de linguagem e regulação. São Paulo: Livraria da Física, 2014. (Coleção Contextos da Ciência).WANDERER, Fernanda. Educação Matemática, processos de regulação e o Programa Escola Ativa. Revista de Educação Pública. Cuiabá, v. 26, n. 61, p. 201-221, jan./abr., 2017. Disponível em: <http://periodicoscientificos.ufmt.br/ojs/index.php/educacaopublica/article/view/2397/pdf>. Acesso em: 6 abr. 2019WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig. Investigações Filosóficas. Trad. Marcos G. Nontagnoli. 6. ed. São Paulo: Vozes, 2009. 350 p.WRAY, Jane; ARCHIBONG, Uduak; WALTON, Sean. Why undertake a pilot in a qualitative PhD study? Lessons learned to promote success. Nurse Researcher. Ontário, jan. 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312593847_Why_undertake_a_pilot_in_a_qualitative_PhD_study_Lessons_learned_to_promote_success>. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2018.

Ever since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic begins, countries from around the world have implemented quarantine or lockdown restrictions to prevent the spread of Corona Virus and its variants. The Philippine government started to announce the enforcement of quarantine/lockdown restrictions last March 16, 2020. Because of the increasing cases of infection and increasing death statistics, quarantine/lockdown has been specified and categorized using several terms. These terms, all of which are written in the English language are highly technical. The study, therefore, will attempt to translate these different quarantine classifications into Filipino and show how these translations may become more effective and communicative. Pragmatic translation will serve as the methodology to translate these quarantine/lockdown classifications. The analysis of the procedure will lead to the idea that pragmatic translation is about being communicative. This translation may give a clearer picture of local quarantine/lockdown specifications that eventually leads to a better comprehension of the said regulations. References Abulhassan Hassan, Bahaa-eddin. Literary Translation: Aspects of Pragmatic Meaning. New Castle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholar Publishing, 2011.Almario, Virgilio. Kwarentina. Quezon City: Adarna House, 2020.Austriaco Jr., Nicanor. “Implementing a Science-Based Granular Lockdown for NCR.” Rappler, March 18, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/opinion-implementing-science-based-granular-lockdown-ncr. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Course Book in Translation, 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge, 2011.Bravo, April M. “Village in Sta. Cruz town now under extreme ECQ.” Philippine Information Agency, June 02, 2020.“Comparative Matrix: ECQ vs. MECQ.” Inter-Agency Task Force-Department of Health. April 23, 2021. https://iatf.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Comparative-Matrix-ECQ-vs-MECQ.pdf“Covid-19 FAQS.” Department of Health. https://doh.gov.ph/COVID-19/FAQs?gclid+EAIaI QobChMI4YLHqN-L8AIVwUNgCh2w9AzaEAAYASAAEgJr _fD_BwE Uploaded April 21, 2021.“Covid-19 Watch | ABS-CBN News.” ABS-CBN News. 2020. https://news.abscbn.com/covid19 -watch. Uploaded April 21, 2021.Doromal, Carla. “Malay LGU implements ‘surgical lockdown’ in Boracay until April 10.” CNN Philippines, March 28, 2021. https://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2021/3/28/surgical-lockdown-malay-boracay.html. Uploaded April 19, 2021.GMA 24 Oras. March 30, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yY04JHeU5HE. Uploaded April 23, 2021.Hatim, Basil & Mason, Ian. The Translator as Communicator. New York: Routledge, 1997.Hatim, Basil & Mason, Ian. Discourse and the Translator. Longman, Edinburg Gate: Harlow, 1990.“Inter-Agency Task Force.” Department of Health. https://iatf.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/20220604-IATF-GUIDELINES-1.pdf. Uploaded January 2023.Jalea, Glee. “EXPLAINER: What you need to know about the NCR Plus Bubble.” CNN Philippines, March 22, 2021. https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/3/22/Explainer-GCQ-bubble-NCR plus.html? fbclid=IwAR0kJSSwj8ESRoLjqSaMtrmDI1_PbMhta Wl0Njq3bZhZgKJPvSRXcbGLjDc. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Kiraly, Don. Translation Education, in Pathways to Translation: Pedagogy and Process. Kent: The Kent State University Press, 1995.Leone, Massimo. “The New Words of Covid.” Academia (2020) https://www.academia.edu/44112154/2020_The_New_Words_of_COVID Uploaded September 18, 2020.Losusso, Anna Maria. Interpretation and Culture: Umberto Eco’s Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.Magsambol, Bonz. “Experts propose ‘Circuit Breaker’ Lockdown to curb COVID-19 spread in Metro Manila.” Rappler, March 19, 2021. https://www.rappler.com/nation/octa-research-proposes-circuit-breaker-lockdown-curb-coronavirus-spread. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Maingat, Trisha Alexis. “Know the Difference: ECQ, MECQ, GCQ, MGCQ, Sectors Allowed to Operate and Other Implemented Measures”. From the Public Announcement of Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque cited in https://carpolaw.com/know-the-difference-ecq-mecq-gcq-mgcq/. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Mercado, Neil Arwin. “OCTA Proposes Hard GCQ or Soft MECQ to contain COVID-19 surge.” Philippine Daily Inquirer, April 12, 2021. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1408879/octa-proposes-hard-gcq-or-soft-mecq-to-contain-covid-19-surge. Uploaded April 19, 2021.Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. New York: Routledge, 2016.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1988.“Palace: Extending ECQ in Metro Manila, Nearby Provinces ‘Absolute Last Resort’ | ANC.” March 20, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1p2bv4MBEYg Peña, Elizabeth D. “Lost in Translation: Methodological Considerations in Cross-Cultural Research”, in Society for Research in Child Development 78, 2007: 1258.“Quezon City Gov’t Places 20 Areas under ‘Special Concern Lockdown’ | Teleradyo.” 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXz_3EP0Veg. Uploaded April 23, 2021.Reyes, Dempsey. “DILG mulls translating ECQ Guidelines in Tagalog.” The Manila Times, April 5, 2021. https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/04/05/news/national/dilg-mulls-translating-ecq-guidelines-into-tagalog/860115/. Uploaded April 19, 2021.San Juan, David Michael. “Community pantry sa Filipino - paminggalan ng bayan. - Dr. Batnag.” Twitter, April 18, 2021. https://twitter.com/dmmsanjuan/status/1383651126038302725 “Types of Community Quarantine in the Philippines.” Department of Health. https://caro.doh.gov.ph/types-of-community-quarantine-in-the-philippines/. Uploaded January 2023.Venuti, Lawrence. “Translation, Community, Utopia”, in The Translation Studies Reader. New York: Routledge, 2000: 470.

If you cannot learn to love (yes love) this city you have no other. Simon Tay, 'Singapore Night Song' (137). Having lived in Australia for more than a year now, it is easier to view my own country through a telescope and learn to love what I used to loathe. It is easier to hold and weigh the ball of its contradictions in my palm and learn how each strand I unknot tells on myself, on my writing, to realise with a shudder that I am a moving microcosm of the city I was born in. Indeed, the more removed I am, the easier it is to be an apologist as it is to be a patriot. Robert Drewe makes the claim that Australia is the most urbanised country in the world (7). Obviously, he has yet to walk the length and breadth of Singapore. To talk about Singapore is to talk about the city. As the joke goes, the capital of Singapore is Singapore, and there is no other city quite like Singapore. It cheerfully admits to being an artificial creation, a test tube mixing West and East and bubbling with possibilities. It resents the reach and rinse of Western influences, yet it cannot afford to close itself from international trade and commerce. It is an Asian metropolis with a noveau-riche arrogance about its place in the world, yet is a mere blip on the map. Call it what you will - a glass-dome city, a Disneyland postcard, an autocratic, authoritarian state with a muzzle and cane ready to keep its citizens in line the name-calling is probably valid, at some point, to some extent. Yet Surprising Singapore, as the tourist brochures coin it, is a lot more elusive than the rumours. Everything about it - its size and vulnerability, the quirk of its history, the fabric of its immigrant cultures that sometimes threatens to fray along the fringes - demands its failure. But in just one full leap of a generation, Singapore has sprung the trap of Third World poverty, rising to become one of the richest nations in the world. Something has to give, and it is in the Singaporean writer's sensibility that we read and understand the human cost. Sometimes it is hard to believe that creatures of flesh and bone may tear up the roads like paper, peeling the rind of earth as carelessly as eating an orange. Aaron Lee, 'Road-Works' (65). Dennis Haskell rightly points out that it would be impossible to be a Romantic in Singapore (27). Not only impossible, but also false. For the reality is this: whatever nature there is, is there by design, not by default, nor by coincidence. Nostalgia is cheap when land is scarce. The country has no hinterland to call its own, no natural resources to draw on but the will of its population of just over three million people. Because of the sheer limitation of size poet Edwin Thumboo once quipped that Singapore is physically an island 224 square miles - 226 square miles at low tide (159) the city has to keep changing, evolving, re-sculpting its coastlines, taking over the sky, laying mazes of walkways and tunnels beneath the ground. Flux becomes a necessity by virtue of circumstance, a virtue of necessity. We are a country of dust where nothing is saved but face. Felix Cheong, 'Work in Progress' (45). The consequence is that Singapore is and will always be - a work in progress, constantly re-modelling its fa瀥volvAade, its face, its planners drafting and grafting the way a poet must rework his manuscript to the fullness of his gift. It is a post-modernist fable turning upon itself, over and over, deconstructing its own meaning, answering only to its own vision. The moment it has finished, arms outstretched and ill at ease, it is finished. In his essay Chaos in Poetry, D.H. Lawrence avers that the task of poets is to reveal the inward desire of mankind… The desire for chaos is the breath of their poetry. The fear of chaos is in their parade of forms and technique (92). Stretch the analogy a little and the same holds true for Singapore. Examine its skyline on a clear blue day and you cannot help but marvel at how well this city-state parades its forms and technique. How well it conceals its fear of chaos beneath skyscraper chrome and glass. How, at its heart, it is still a frightened child of a city learning to cope with the means and meanings of change, pitched at once between promise and compromise, between a desire for chaos and the craftsmanship to contain it. Perhaps this fluidity is a measure of redemption, like a writer with the wit and strength to scratch out the eyes of an unclear poem and begin on a clean sheet, all resources and lines shaped and sharpened by impatient fingers. Everything else about Singapore its politics, policies, polemics follows from this, originates from this fundamental insecurity. When I love you for my fallen love, O City of Endless Energies, your eyes burn out along the street. Gwee Li Sui, 'Kenosis' (34). Having grown up in the relative ease and affluence of Singapore after independence, all I know is the city. I am a child of my times, a child of the city, and its energy has now become my own. It is in my fingertips, in the grip of pen poised steady above paper. The restlessness owns me, steers eloquence towards a mouth, towards poetry. I have even conditioned myself to write on the move in a crowded train or a bus letting the jolt and shuffle set a rhythm in my head. The whirl of a world as I stand on the still ledge of words, recording, rendering, remembering. There is poetry in the silence of a man contemplating his feet on a train, unable - or unwilling - to connect with another through the corner of his eye. There is poetry in the knowing snatches of conversation eavesdropped. There is poetry in the smile of flowers as the boy opens his heart, for the first time, to his first love. For a moment, just a moment the lyrical in the transient. The City is what we make it, You and I. We are the City. For better or for worse. Edwin Thumboo, 'The Way Ahead' (39). Excerpts of poems taken from No Other City: The Ethos Anthology of Urban Poetry. References Drewe, Robert. Introduction. The Penguin Book of the City. Victoria, Australia: Penguin Books, 1997. 1-7. Haskell, Dennis. Foreword. No Other City: The Ethos Anthology of Urban Poetry. Ed. Alvin Pang and Aaron Lee. Singapore: Ethos Books, 2000. 26-31. Lawrence, D.H. Selected Literary Criticism. London: Heinemann, 1967. Thumboo, Edwin. Edwin Thumboo Interviewed by Peter Nazareth. World Literature Written in English. 18.1(1979): 151-171. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Cheong, Felix. "A Poets Sense of the City" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5.2 (2002). [your date of access] < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0205/poets.php>. Chicago Style Cheong, Felix, "A Poets Sense of the City" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5, no. 2 (2002), < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0205/poets.php> ([your date of access]). APA Style Cheong, Felix. (2002) A Poets Sense of the City. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5(2). < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0205/poets.php> ([your date of access]).

RECIPIENTS of The Endocrine Society’s Laureate Awards are selected annually by the Awards Committee. The Laureate Awards are presented to endocrinologists, members or nonmembers, from anywhere in the world. Each recipient is presented with an award certificate and is honored at the Society’s annual Awards Dinner in June. Nominations may be submitted by Society members only. A complete listing of all past awardees is available on the Society’s web site, www.endo-society.org. Nominations must be submitted by early April on the appropriate nomination form. The nomination form may be obtained by visiting the Society web site or by contacting The Endocrine Society. Fred Conrad Koch Award In 1957 a substantial legacy was bequeathed to the Society by the late Elizabeth Koch for the purpose of establishing the Fred Conrad Koch Memorial Fund in memory of her late husband, Distinguished Service Professor of Physiological Chemistry at the University of Chicago, and pioneer in the isolation of the androgens. This is the highest honor of the Society and is presented with the Koch Medal of The Endocrine Society, as well as a $25,000 honorarium. The award is given annually for exceptional contributions to endocrinology. The recipients of this award for the past ten years were: Ronald M. Evans and Michael G. Rosenfeld, 1999; C. Ronald Kahn, 2000; Robert J. Lefkowitz, 2001; Jan-Åke Gustafsson, 2002; Maria I. New, 2003; Patricia K. Donahoe, 2004; William F. Crowley, Jr., 2005; Gerald M. Reaven, 2006; John D. Baxter, 2007; and P. Reed Larsen, 2008. Ernst Oppenheimer Memorial Award The Ernst Oppenheimer Memorial Award was first presented by The Endocrine Society in 1944 and is the premier award to a young investigator in recognition of meritorious accomplishments in the field of basic or clinical endocrinology. The recipient must not have reached age 45 by July 1 of the year in which the award is presented. The award includes a $3,000 honorarium. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: Ursula B. Kaiser, 2004; Steven A. Kliewer, 2005; Charis Eng, 2006; Rohit N. Kulkarni, 2007; and Joel K. Elmquist and Randy J. Seeley, 2008. Robert H. Williams Distinguished Leadership Award The Robert H. Williams Distinguished Leadership Award was established by Dr. Robert H. Williams in 1970. The award is presented annually in recognition of outstanding leadership in endocrinology as exemplified by the recipient’s contributions and those of his/her trainees and associates to teaching, research, and administration. Distinguished leadership in endocrinology and metabolism may be manifest in a variety of ways and activities (international, national, and local). This award includes a $5,000 honorarium. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: David M. de Kretser, 2004; Gordon H. Williams, 2005; Richard J. Santen, 2006; Lewis E. Braverman, 2007; and Ron G. Rosenfeld, 2008. Edwin B. Astwood Award Lecture The Edwin B. Astwood Award Lecture is awarded for outstanding research in endocrinology. The recipient presents a plenary lecture at the annual meeting to honor the late Dr. Edwin B. Astwood of Boston. The award includes a $2,000 honorarium. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: Paolo Sassone-Corsi, 2004; Willa A. Hsueh, 2005; Mitchell A. Lazar, 2006; Lawrence C. Chan, 2007; and John A. Cidlowski, 2008. Clinical Investigator Award Lecture The Clinical Investigator Award Lecture is presented to an internationally recognized clinical investigator who has made major contributions to clinical research related to the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and therapy of endocrine disease. The recipient presents a plenary lecture at the annual meeting and receives a $3,500 honorarium. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: Shlomo Melmed, 2004; Paul M. Stewart, 2005; Walter L. Miller, 2006; Stephen O’Rahilly, 2007; and John C. Marshall, 2008. Gerald D. Aurbach Award Lecture This award was first presented in 1993 in honor of the late Dr. Gerald D. Aurbach, who served as president of The Endocrine Society from 1989–1990. This award is presented for outstanding contributions to research in endocrinology. Dr. Aurbach received his B.A. and M.D. from the University of Virginia. After his training in endocrinology at Tufts University School of Medicine, he joined the Public Health Service and the National Institutes of Health in 1959 and had served as chief of the Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases since 1973. He was the first to isolate PTH and played a key role in discovering the hormone’s biochemical mechanism of action in bone disease and calcium metabolism. The recipient presents a plenary lecture at the annual meeting and receives an honorarium of $1,000. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: David J. Mangelsdorf, 2004; David R. Clemmons, 2005; Paul A. Kelly, 2006; Eve Van Cauter, 2007; and Andrew F. Stewart, 2008. Sidney H. Ingbar Distinguished Service Award The Sidney H. Ingbar Distinguished Service Award is named in honor of the 65th President of The Endocrine Society and presented in recognition of distinguished service in the field of endocrinology. The award includes a $2,000 honorarium. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: Margaret A. Shupnik, 2004; P. Michael Conn, 2005; Robert D. Utiger, 2006; Robert A. Vigersky, 2007; and Lisa H. Fish, 2008. Roy O. Greep Award Lecture This award was first presented in 1999 in memory of Dr. Roy O. Greep, President of The Endocrine Society in 1965–1966, Editor-in-Chief of Endocrinology, and President of the Laurentian Hormone Conference. He retired in 1974 as director emeritus of the Laboratory of Human Reproductive Biology at Harvard’s Medical School and as the John Rock Professor Emeritus of Population Studies at Harvard’s School of Public Health. Dr. Greep received international recognition as a pioneer in the field of endocrinology, receiving the Society’s highest honor, the Fred Conrad Koch Award, in 1971. Dr. Greep will be remembered by his colleagues as a remarkable investigator, a loyal friend, and a patient and devoted teacher. The recipient of this award presents a plenary lecture at the annual meeting and receives a $1,000 honorarium. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: Phyllis M. Wise, 2004; Evan R. Simpson, 2005; Benita S. Katzenellenbogen and John Katzenellenbogen, 2006; Sally A. Camper, 2007; and Nancy Lynn Weigel, 2008. Distinguished Educator Award This award was established by the Society in 1998 to recognize exceptional achievement of educators in the field of endocrinology and metabolism. The award includes an honorarium of $3,000. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: E. Brad Thompson, 2004; Ernest L. Mazzaferri, 2005; Gilbert H. Daniels, 2006; Kenneth L. Becker, 2007; and Ronald S. Swerdloff, 2008. Distinguished Physician Award The Distinguished Physician Award was established by the Society in 1998 to honor physicians who have made outstanding contributions to the practice of endocrinology. The award includes an honorarium of $3,000. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: Edward S. Horton, 2004; Robert M. Carey, 2005; Glenn D. Braunstein, 2006; Bernardo L. Wajchenberg, 2007; and F. John Service, 2008. Richard E. Weitzman Memorial Award This award was established in 1982 to honor outstanding research achievements in the field of endocrinology and metabolism by a young investigator. The award was established in memory of the late Dr. Richard E. Weitzman. Born in 1943, Dr. Weitzman was educated at Cornell University and the State University of New York Upstate Medical Center (Syracuse). He received training in endocrinology at the University of Virginia and the Harbor-UCLA School of Medicine, rising to the rank of Associate Professor, and began a productive career studying neurohypophyseal hormone and cardiovascular-endocrine physiology. In honor of Dr. Weitzman, an anonymous donor has provided funds for an annual award of $1,000 to be given to an exceptionally promising young investigator who has not reached the age of 40 before July 1 of the year in which the award is presented. The award is based on the contributions and achievements of the nominee’s independent scholarship performed after completion of training and shall be based on the entire body of these contributions, rather than a single work. The recipients of this award for the past five years were: Tso-Pang Yao, 2004; Peter Tontonoz, 2005; Fabio Broglio, 2006; W. Lee Kraus, 2007; and Tannishtha Reya, 2008. The Endocrine Society and Pfizer, Inc. International Award for Excellence in Published Clinical Research in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism In 1998, “The Endocrine Society and Pfizer, Inc. International Award for Excellence in Published Clinical Research in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCE&M)” was established to encourage, recognize, and reward excellence in clinical research published in JCE&M. There are no restrictions with respect to professional affiliation or geographic location. Each year, a jury selects the four best clinical research papers published in JCE&M in a volume year. Each finalist paper receives a $10,000 award. In addition to the monetary prize, the award includes coach airline travel, meeting registration, hotel for one night, and one day’s per diem for one author on each paper to attend the Society’s annual meeting in June. The announcement of the winners is made in April each year with the awards presented at The Endocrine Society annual meeting in June. Papers accepted for publication but not yet published are not eligible until the year that they are actually published.

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