Tesis sobre el tema "Éducation – Grande-Bretagne – 19e siècle"
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Carpentier, Vincent. "Développement éducatif et performances économiques au Royaume-Uni : XIXe et XXe siècle". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10008.
Texto completoRobic, Béatrice. "‘Where Are the Children?’ : the Long Decline of Child Labour in England and Wales (1870-1914)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL066.
Texto completoAlthough child labour in Britain during the Industrial Revolution is a well-documented topic in economic and social history, the question as to when and why it ceased to be endemic has received relatively little attention. Moreover, there are four schools of thought on this issue. According to three of them, the decline of child labour began before 1870 and was caused by exogenous factors, mainly economic and cultural, rather than by State interference. By contrast, other studies have underlined the role of the State in this development, through labour law or educational policy, but without seeking to demonstrate it. It is to this debate that this thesis makes a contribution. More specifically, it focuses on England and Wales, which have identical legal and educational systems. The period chosen (1870-1914) was characterised by a marked decline in the number of working children according to population censuses. This is why we formulate the hypothesis that there was a strong relationship between the implementation of compulsory schooling after 1870 and the gradual increase in the average age for starting work. In order to assess the impact of public policies on the timing of the decline of child labour, we rely on a vast corpus of primary and secondary sources relating in particular to the history of education and work. This study is original in so far as it combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, and incorporates local history into a national narrative
Golven, Amélie. "La contribution de William Godwin au débat sur l'éducation des pauvres en Angleterre (1783-1831)". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030137.
Texto completoIn England, at the end of the eighteenth century, the debate on the education of the poor gets stronger. Poverty is increasing and it is perceived as a threat to people’s safety. In that context, education appears as a means to regulate and solve the moral problems it triggers. William Godwin, a writer, a philosopher but also an educator takes part in the debate which articulates education, poverty and politics. The present research aims at carrying out a reading of William Godwin’s political and educationnal philosophy from the views he expressed, separately, on the issue of poverty.Though he never clearly mentioned that his educational and political thinking was also meant for the lower ranks of society, we believe that a coherent reading of his work can be performed if we suppose that his thinking was effectively destined for the poor. Defining Godwin’s contribution to the debate on education for all first implies to propose a description of the educational system in Godwin’s time. Then, an analysis of his educational plan that stands in total opposition to the education of his time has been suggested. Based on equality among men, their potential of progress and the developement of all human qualities, it intends to form independent human beings able to live harmoniously with other people. Eventually, educating means forming new men able to live in a new society. To Godwin, the new society is a place where people are educated and autonomous enough to get rid of the state. At the end of our study, it seems legitimate to assert that, in Godwin’s thinking, there is neither a society for rich people or a society for the poor, or an education for the rich and another one for the poor but rather an education and a society for everybody
Chalopin, Michel. "L’enseignement mutuel en Bretagne de 1815 à 1850". Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294697/fr/.
Texto completoThe monitorial system is a way of teaching which uses monitors who are the more educated pupils of the school. At the very end of the XVIIIe century, two english pedagogues, Bell and Lancaster, establish this system of education for the poor children. Its founders want it to be both efficient and economic. So the usual pedagogy changes radically. Not only, in these schools, pupils teach pupils but they learn how to read and write simultaneously which is new at that time. Moreover, there are, in each matter, progressive series of lessons, rising step by step. Pupils are taught in different classes according to their proficiencies. Cheap school materials as slates and cardboards are also used. In France, this new way of teaching appears in 1815. In Brittany, between 1817 and 1822, more than fourty schools are established, especially in towns and big villages. But the catholic clergy don’t appreciate these rival institutions. According to the Church, the education of the poor should be totally in its own hands. It’s worth analysing the consequences of that innovation in Brittany where people are less educated than in the rest of France, very religious and dominated by the rich worthies. Apart from the religious, social and political sides, the pedagogy and the situation of the teachers are also interesting matters. In order to make this study more realistic, these pioneers of primary education are observed through a collection of pen portraits. Actually, considering these two aspects, not much studied by historians until now, changes brought by the monitorial system are notable
Loussouarn, Sophie. "La transmission du savoir aux jeunes filles en Angleterre au dix-huitième siècle". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040267.
Texto completoThe age of enlightenment has highly contributed to the development of girls' education which had been previously neglected. English moralists were very critical of the emphasis placed on accomplishments and tended to stress the importance of academic knowledge instead. Educationalists did not advocate the same education for boys and girls. They built up their syllabus in view of the future awaiting the girls. Nevertheless, education reflected the privilege of birth and the wealth of a family at a time when education was left to the appreciation of parents and relatives. The family remained the best place for the nurture of young girls belonging to the aristocracy, who were overseen by a governess sometimes assisted by tutors. More and more schoolbooks were produced to create a written basis for education. Henceforth a network of schools developed in England giving rise to debate on the most appropriate place for the acquisition of knowledge. Boarding schools and day schools provided for the academic education of the wealthiest young ladies, while charity-schools were being opened by philanthropists, in order to enable poor girls and orphans to acquire the basics, then skills, before apprenticeship. Conduct-books were the mirror of the traditional image of woman. Furthermore, the theories of education drafted innovative teaching methods and yet, the gap between theory and practise, the clash between novelty and tradition, the conflict between progress and archaism were very much in evidence. The eighteenth-century is nonetheless a milestone in girls' education in England
Grech, Jean. "L'éducation morale de la loi Guizot à la grande guerre". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H078.
Texto completoCousin-Desjobert, Jacqueline. "La théorie et la pratique d'un éducateur élisabéthain : Richard Mulcaster (c.1531-1611)". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040239.
Texto completoRichard Mulcaster, the octogenarian schoolmaster of the English renaissance, devoted nearly forty years of his life to the education of boys, as headmaster of two famous London grammar schools, merchant Taylors' school and St. Paul's school. His exceptional longevity has enabled him to put his own personal mark on the field of teaching, in the Elizabethan period. Attentive to the changes of his time through the relations he entertained with many talented people, linguists, poets, cartographers, chroniclers, he acquired an open-mindedness which was of great benefit to his students. At merchant Taylors' school, he included acting and music into the classical curriculum, considering these subjects to be of exceptional educational value. He published positions in 1581 and the first part of the elementarie in 1582, first fruits of an uncompleted work on English education. Many of his best pupils became part of the learned elite. In spite of the reticences of his contemporaries, he proposed many reforms, without neglecting the importance of English custom. He pleaded for the creation of a training college for teachers. To transform their painful and despised task into a real profession. Mulcaster was also in favor of elementary schools for all, further studies for girls, physical education, drawing and mathematics, rules of English spelling, and the use of the vernacular
Jérémie, Christian. "Thomas Becon : catéchète, ou homme de lettres ?" Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20019.
Texto completoThomas becon, the 16th century english reformer chaplain to thomas cranmer, was persecuted under henry viii, went into exile under mary, and died at the beginning of elizabeth's reign, having written an enormous amount of works. Nevertheless, literary criticism does not seem to have taken notice. Yet, if all his writings, all of them religious, are works of edification, devotion, and protestant propaganda, they afford an excellent image of the art of discourse and rhetorical practice in the 16th c. Becon's rhetorical mastery makes his catechism in particular, a long dialogue between a father and his son by questions and answers about the truths of christian faith, a genuine work of art. Catechism, a major 16th century creation, perhaps heir to other didactic genres that flourished in the middle-ages like the disputed question or disputatio and the curtsy books or books of manners, belongs to a long tradition of education in the christian faith going as far back as the primitive church. It was now transfigured by becon's technique into a work of art. Whether first in the various structures of the father's questions, simply leading to his interlocutor's speaking in turn, or else aiming at the latter's exposing his doctrine or his confuting his opponents; or secondly in the aesthetic effects created by the figures in the dialogue itself, especially in the shared acts of speech and discourse, that sort of verbal duet which may be called, it is suggested, diaphony; or finally in the structures of the answers showing the object of discourse, proving its validity, and giving the reader a taste for it by arousing his imagination and emotion, the categories of classical rhetoric, docere, placere, movere, develop and flower into a wealth of figures which cause the catechism to be the textual opportunity for the catechist to reveal himself as a man of letters
Quinn-Lautrefin, Róisín. "Through the "I" of a needle : needlework and female subjectivity in Victorian literature and culture, 1830-1880". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC278.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the question of needlework in Victorian literature and culture. Needlework is a constant and recurrent motif in nineteenth-century novels, and crystallises the many complex and contradictory feelings of satisfaction or resentment, creativity or censorship, elation or utter dejection that are crucial to the formation of the nineteenth-century female subject. In spite of its ubiquity, however, it has long been ignored or dismissed by critics as trivial, unimportant or revealing of the limitations imposed on Victorian women's lives. This thesis seeks to complicate previous assumptions by taking needlework on its own terms and exploring the complex and sophisticated tenets that underlie it. Relying on a large range of sources - novels, poems, magazines, craft manuals and material objects - this work examines the ways in which sewing has participated in the articulation of female subjectivity. Because it was construed as the ultimate feminine occupation and was undertaken by virtually ail women, regardless of age or social class, it was central to their identities and experience. However, needlework was fraught with contradictions: it was both amateur and professional; it enshrined the domestication of women, but it was closely allied with industrial modes of production; it was resented by many intellectually ambitious women, but was invested by others as a formidably evocative means of self-expression. Rather than a reclusive activity, then, Victorian needlework was a highly sociable practice which was fully engaged in the social, economic and cultural issues of its time
Marceau, Marion. "L'univers romanesque des soeurs Lee". Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040113.
Texto completoLosier, Renée. "L'Architecte et le fer : Grande-Bretagne, XIXe siècle". Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0042.
Texto completoThe nineteenth century in great britain saw the full development of iron architecture. Three important factors contributed to the use of iron by architects, which were discussed in the first part of the thesis. The first factor was the strength of iron, which proved to be superior to stone and wood, and which permitted greater spans. The second factor was the relative fireproofing qualities of iron. The victorian age witnessed the development of a myriad of so-called fireproof floors in which iron played an important role. The third factor that determined the use of iron was its growing availability and therefore its lowering cost. The second part of the thesis discussed the attitude of the architect toward the use of industrial materials in architecture. The architect preferred to elaborate aethetic theories concerning iron which in fact express an attitude rather ambiguous. Lastly, a case study of five buildings using iron components showed that the conception of the structure was often left to the engineer or the ironfounder
Daniellou, Emmanuelle. "Les Enseignantes en Bretagne aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles : religion, éducation et société". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20019.
Texto completoAlthough women were rarely taught to read and write in Brittany under the Old Regime, the education of girls was not totally ignored, it was even an importat factor of the Catholic Reform. The development of monasteries in the 17th century particularly helped educational establishmets. The Ursulin nuns who settled in the province were quickly perceived as being the ideal religious teacher because of their special vocation, educating the poor in classes during the day, and even boarding young girls. In fact a large majority of religious congregations and orders usually offered free education and boarding for the very poor. During the Age of enlightenment and parallel to this strong religious model, gradually emerged a movemet of lay women teachers for the young. And also several no-cloistered congregations were started in the 18th century thus promoting education in the rural areas. Teaching under the Old Regime appeared generally like apostolic work more than just giving access to the skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. Moreover it seems that education, far from being an elitist school system, offered a wide variety of schools open to young people from every class of society. Under the Old Regime, the popular opinion about educating girls was very certainly a major obstacle in systematically reaching all the girls to give them an education and to teach them to read and write : the structures existed but the mentality kept the teachers from attaining their objectives. Actually education for girls was limited to the time allotted for religious instruction which proved much too short to acquire even a minimum of reading and writing skills
Dardenne, Émilie. "Frances Power Cobbe (1822-1904) : militante victorienne : deux causes, un engagement". Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20020.
Texto completoTireless and seasoned controversialist, the Victorian activist Frances Power Cobbe devoted her time and energy to the promotion of women's rights and to the fight against animal experimentation in scientific research. She unflaggingly committed her name and her pen to these two causes from the 1860s up until her death in 1904. How can we explain this involvement ? How did she end up confronting these two apparently unrelated issues ? Indeed, in her discourse, the subjection of women and the vivisection of animals reveal salient similarities which deserve further study ; notably in her exposure of the new Victorian medicine considered hegemonic, in her analysis of linguistic codes, as well as in her exaltation of justice and compassion. Based on the moral denunciation of principles and attitudes which she considers reactionary, the arguments formulated by Frances Power Cobbe strike us by their profoundly Victorian character and by their mere originality
Tran, Tri. "Les travailleurs du port de Londres au 19e siècle". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040141.
Texto completoIn the nineteenth century, London harbour was the first port in the world. The numerous trades that were established there, employed many workers, who performed a great variety of tasks, such as the handling of goods and cargoes, the building of ships, the maintenance and the policing of the port. During the nineteenth century, the condition of all these labourers declined : their wages were decreased, and the working conditions became worse. In 1889, the dockers went on strike, and were followed by the workers of most of the other trades. They demanded an increase of their wages, in order to improve their living conditions. Indeed, most of then lived in the densely populated districts of the east end of London, which were often unhealthy and dangerous. The dockers obtained their wage increase, but this victory had some negative consequences on the future of the port, which lost much of its trade and commerce, and declined rapidly in the twentieth century
Paimboeuf, Françoise. "Les femmes alpinistes anglo-saxonnes à l'époque victorienne (1838-1914)". Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070107.
Texto completoMountaineering, limited and specialized episode in the history of women, is concerned with the practice of a passtime completely opposed to the role reserved for women in victorian times. This did not prevent some women, all from a bourgeois background, from being the voluntary and sometimes solitary performers of exploits which collective memory has almost entirely suppressed. If this research has only dealt with the anglo-saxon world, this is because the britons were the first to climb for the sake of climbing. The presence of these women in the mountains is directly linked to their social class, but one finds in their mountaineering the same diversity as in the organization of their private lives. However, whatever the individual experience of each, their lives in the mountains stayed typically "feminin" and "victorian". It is necessary to ask whether these women considered female alpinism as a form of emancipation, and whether one can consider it as such. In fact, indifference is prevailing as to the currents of emancipation. The repression under which these women lived led to escapes which were both strict and individual. At a time of the decline of the british power in the world, these female alpinists are themselves symbols of both continuity and of a break with the past. Their efforts and their successes, were a denial of ideas imposed on them. They disturbed the dominant ideology, but did not change reality. But the women's privileged position in the heart of society allowed them to produce exploits which are a part of the general debate on equality between men and women
Hayes, Winifred J. "L'histoire de l'enseignement de la natation en Grande-Bretagne 1846-1901". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2018.
Texto completoThe thesis on the evolution of the teaching of swimming is in two chronological sections 1846 – 1869 and 1870 – 1901 and after an introductory chapter on the social context examines swimming facilities, the development of swimming and the teaching of swimming. The study is on the whole of Great Britain but with case studies on the particular situations in four large towns, two in England and two in Scotland. These case studies permit understanding of the role of parliament and of local government in Great Britain. The chapters on the facilities take into consideration public action and private enterprise, technological progress and public health. The chapters on the development and teaching of swimming deal with aspects such as clubs / governing bodies / schools, amateur / professional, spectacle / competition, technical aspects and the evolution of “teachers” of swimming. The text is supplemented with numerous illustrations and tables, a bibliography rich in primary sources and archives and also in the annexe several extracts from the legislation
Khelifi, Achour. "La Révolution industrielle en Grande-Bretagne vue par les voyageurs français contemporains, 1780-1840". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040106.
Texto completoOur doctoral thesis attempts to analyse, explain and interpret the perception and representation of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers between 1780 and 1840. It is divided into two distinct but interrelated parts. The first part is intended as an introduction to the second one. It is centered mainly on the travellers, their travels and their accounts. It tries to determine the documentary value of the travellers' accounts, which will be used as primary sources. We will undertake an internal analysis of the corpus in search of the clues which will help us in our assessment of their documentary value, focusing on the main determining factors and criteria of classification of the travellers, the motives of travel and the content and form of their accounts. This will enable us get an initial idea of the nature and value of the representations of the Industrial Revolution, which will be the subject of the second part. More substantial, the latter part will examine, analyse and interpret the selected documents, in an attempt to bring out and restore the perception and representations of the different aspects of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers. The second part will try to study, explain and interpret the evolution of the representations of the main facets of the Industrial Revolution, which caught the travellers' attention and focused their eyes. And, as a general conclusion, we will try to structure, organise and deepen the analysis in a modest attempt to bring out and underscore the overall underlying significance of the changing perception of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers, and what it tells us about their understanding of it
Louvier, Patrick. "La puissance navale et militaire britannique en Méditerranée (1840-1871)". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040087.
Texto completoSurjous-Ellis, Magali. "Le jeu d'argent dans la haute société britannique entre 1743 et 1901". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040153.
Texto completoMonacelli-Faraut, Martine. "La Grande-Bretagne et la modernité au XIXe siècle : adaptations et réactions : thèse". Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2028.
Texto completoGreat-Britain entered the modern era in the XIX century Britain, the new order born of the ideology of progress gave rise to several currents of resistance which are examined in this work, i. E. , the opposition movements to industrialisation and urbanisation, to economic liberalism, to the advance of female suffrage and to Irish nationalism. Though resting to a great extent on old residual patterns of thought, these reactions did not so much advocate a return to the past as tried to inform an alternative type of modernity which should therefore be defined as “alter-modern” rather than as anti-modern
Thierry, Jacques. "Traditions architecturales et décor industriel dans les midlands, 1760-1901". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20049.
Texto completoWhich part do architectural traditions take in the construction of industrial buildings in the midlands from 1760 to 1901 ? the study of the respective parts played by architects and engineers and major contractors provides us with numerous elements of information necessary to analyse and understand themain steps of the construction of industrial buildings. Birmingham is particularly typical of urban development during the industrial revolution. The buildings erected in the city show which sorts of architectural rules and models were up to date at that time. During the course of the xixth century, the making and development of books dealing with ornamentation in the various forms, the increase of trade exchanges and the birth of mass production transform customs andhabits of living. The review of industrial buildings of the first generation (1760-1820) andof the second generation (1820-1901), the particular study of stations and bridges and warehouses near canals and of some machines obviously shows the very decisive importance of architectural traditions in industrial design and the difficulties met by those who wanted to bring forth a new and independant style
Baud, Berthier Gilles. "Le commerce entre la Grande-Bretagne et la Chine, 1840-1900". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040086.
Texto completoThe aim of phd thesis is to evaluate the share of china in the foreign trade of great-britain during xixth century. This study goes from the access of free-trade to governmental ideology, until the adoption of imperialism because of international economic competition. The thesis is divided in two parts. First, datas have been extracted from parliamentary papers. They are based on customs revenues reports, and their treatment lakes the variations of calculation and of units of money into consideration. They are completed by a full range of charts and diagrams. The statistical datas give annual general andper items imports, exports and reesports, from 1815 till 1900 : - of global trade of great-britain - trade between great-britain, india, china and hongkong. Second, commentaries on datas deal with questions of british commercial policy, business context in china and the results of british trade with asia
Rodriguez, Jacques. "Agir et écrire sur la pauvreté : l'apport des choix britanniques du dix-neuvième siècle au débat social contemporain". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0036.
Texto completoTizot, Jean-Yves. "Question urbaine et politique sociale en Grande-Bretagne, d'Adam Smith au Tchatchérisme". Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10044.
Texto completoFleurot, Magali. "Le socialisme individualiste au XIXe siècle en Grande-Bretagne et en France : autonomie du sujet et développement des capacités individuelles chez les anti-collectivistes". Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30069.
Texto completoThe object of this doctorate dissertation is to draw the lines of a particular version of Socialism – dubbed individualistic to show the difference with the collectivistic approach – which was overshadowed by Marxism and so-called “scientific” Socialism. The aim here is to go back to the roots but also to the basic principles which that version is made of. We will explore its practical embodiments in the artistic as well as pedagogical areas where the stress on individuality proved particularly successful and conducive to the inception of active pedagogy. We will first address the dichotomy between society and the individual, especially in its manifestations within the scope of communitarian initiatives in Great-Britain, France and sometimes in the United States. The second part will exemplify the same tension in the figure of the artist because of the difficulty to reconcile a political commitment with an individualistic position. The third part will be devoted to the same problem concerning educationalists and their work. Thanks to a historical approach, the purpose is to determine here whether this movement has a community of ideas and idiosyncratic characteristics. The notion that Socialism had to be based on a rapid and constant production is questioned by our postindustrial society, calling thereby for a reassessment of values and priorities. Therefore, the kind of politics which values the individual’s development and autonomy as well as a strengthening of solidarity cannot but be in harmony with today’s concerns
Pécastaing-Boissière, Muriel. "La place de l'actrice dans la société victorienne (1831-1908)". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040134.
Texto completoThe situation of Victorian actresses within their society is very original, especially as women. Indeed, their work enables them to be economically independent, contrary to most Victorian women. Furthermore, the actresses who manage theatres can even command their male colleagues. Nevertheless, the rest of Victorian society is very suspicious of actresses, because, like prostitutes, these performers use their bodies and their emotions to earn their living. Under the influence of the evangelical revival and of the non-conformists, who violently reject actresses, most members of the middle and upper classes shun theatres, whereas the working classes find their favorite entertainment there. However, from the mid-1860s onwards, actresses become aware of the importance of their image and of that of the theatre in general when it comes to their careers. An increasing proportion of actresses come from the middle and upper classes then, and they are even more wary of their status than their colleagues who are mostly born in the profession. Under these newcomers' influence, actresses from the top of the professional hierarchy try to attract the middle and upper classes back to the theatre, and they strive to be considered as respectable women. The consequence of this movement is growing conformism, often detrimental to dramatic art. However, this enables actresses from the top of the profession to be largely accepted by society, especially from the 1880s onwards, when their salaries spectacularly increase
Dange, François. "Les catholiques libéraux français et anglais des années 1840 aux années 1880". Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040020.
Texto completoAfter centuries of stability, the XIXth was a period of deep change. In essence, the Catholic Church is beyond time, but by its existence, it is included in time. Incapable of any adaptation, Rome wanted to conserve its traditions, centralised power and authority, even in different political surroundings. Intellectual socially elite Catholics were aware of the adaptability of the early Church. Although they accepted the Catholic Dogma, they opposed Rome's rejection of modern principles of freedom and decentralisation as had always existed in England, and in France since 1789. In France, the "Liberal Catholics" were led by F. Dupanloup and C. De Montalembert, their views being expressed in "Le Correspondant". In England, a few Britisch thinking Catholics such as Sir John Acton and Richard Simpson fought for freedom in their review, "The Rambler". John Henry Newman was their reference and inspiration. Did these two groups works together ? Up to now, research has been carried out separately on each group. However, detailed examination of correspondence between members of the two groups has shown that they discussed and adopted the same attitudes and actions towards Rome and the diehard Catholics. These matters concerned the laity in the Church, ecumenical discussions and freedom of decision in Catholic schooling. Concerted action was carried out in answer to the intransigence encountered in the Malines Case, the Syllabus, the Loyson Case and the First Vatican Council
Hajdenko-Marshall, Catherine. "Walter Bagehot (1826-1877) : théorie politique et constitutionnelle". Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030078.
Texto completoMoret, Frédéric. "Les socialistes britanniques et français et la ville : 1820-1850". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070013.
Texto completoThe thought of british and french socialists ou the city is full of rural nostalgy. The city is the place of the social cuisis, of economic, sanitary, architectural disovder. Urban conditions of life ( lodging, eating, education. . . ) avec used as argument for the socialist ideas promotion. Community will offer to its in habitants everything the city doesn't offer. However, the city has a very inportant place in the socialist theory. It is the place of history, progress, science, culture. Socialist militantism is only urban. Through the urban question, some socialists ( and particularly the fourievists) move to a politic approach
Hamonet, Marie-Annick. "Les épidémies de typhus dans le Royaume-Uni au XIXe siècle". Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030079.
Texto completoEpidemics of fevers devastated the united kingdom in the 19th century : cholera and typhoid were identified but the cause of typhus remained unknown at the end of the century. This fever develops when overcrowding and dirt are gathered - with the industrialisation of england, masses of workers and millions of irish rushed into the towns in search of employment. Epidemics ravaged big cities but also country cottages. Typhus developped too on board the ships of the royal navy, commerce ships and on the immigrant boats - typhus was imported and exported as some study cases show it. Social novelist such as charles dickens, elisabeth gaskell and charles kingsley have found inspiration in typhus in slums. Illustrators such as gustave dore too described the misery and disease in london the cause of typhus, the most devastating disease with tuberculosis, remained unknown at the end of the 20th century
Molina, Eric. "Les arguments des antiabolitionnistes anglais : 1763-1833". Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30030.
Texto completoFor many reasons, the abolition debate and its evolution in 18th century England , due to the arrival of a strong abolitionist current, can be distinguished from the other discourses on slavery which existed in the rest of Europe and in America at the same time. It will be contended that there is a real specificity in the English abolition debate compared with the other slave states, for several reasons that will be analyzed along three lines: first, the philosophical arguments will be examined, as well as the struggle of the supporters of slavery on political and religious grounds. We shall try to establish who the English antiabolitionists were , and how they tried to respond to the attacks of their opponents from the 1770's until the abolition in 1833. The second part will be dedicated to the economical aspects of the debate and will focus on their specificity in England, with the famous ‘Zong case'. We will also study the historical works on the subject, including the theories developed by Eric Williams in ‘Capitalism and Slavery' and David Brion Davis's ‘The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution'. We will close this study of the pro slavery position in the Enlightenment by examining the juridical and judicial aspects and their consequences on the evolution of the debate in England, as illustrated by the ‘Somersett case'. The current thesis relies on a great number of primary sources
Ruiz, Marie-José. "(É)migrer vers le « Nouveau Monde » (Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande) : sociétés d'émigration féminines et métropole en Grande-Bretagne (1860-1914)". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC080.
Texto completoIn 19th century Britain, female emigration societies were given the responsibility of middle class women's emigration to the Australian and New Zealand colonies. These gentlewomen's departure was semi-voluntary as they were « supernumerary », could not get a job nor an education, and werE thus denied survival opportunities in the Mother Country. They had no other choice than accepting to people the colonies that were believed to offer them brighter futures. Following the 1851 Census, unmarried and to a certain extent non-mother women were considered as a « plague » that endangered the nation's demographic balance; lexicometric studies of the contemporaneous press confirm that single women were perceived as a national danger. The present work examines (e)migration policies and focuses on the nature of women's movement to the nation's outer limits in an organic union with the Mother Country, and within the Empire, to colonies perceived as Britain's appendices. Did the women involved in the process, recruiters and emigrants, consider that they migrated within a unique entity? Their selection followed social Darwinian precepts as they were to be the moral and social guardians of Greater Britain; the female emigrants selected by the female emigration societies were to act as biological shields against exogenous invasions and thus had to be « perfect ladies » shaped by « exceptional » women, their emigration organisers
Chassaigne, Philippe. "Le meurtre à Londres à l'époque victorienne : structures sociales et comportements criminels, 1857-1900". Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040044.
Texto completoDuring the second half of the 19th century, acts of violence, and more particularly homicides, decrease significantly, in England as well as in London, one of the safest capitals in Europe. Far from belonging to the traditionally accused "Victorian underworld", or dangerous classes, the criminals come mainly from the lower middle classes, wholly integrated in their social surrounding. The murders committed are essentially "home" affairs, where the people are more or less closely related to one another. Most of them are unplanned, and economic motivations, even during the great depression at the end of the century, are rather scarce. Patterns of violence are partly well known, but the period considered is the one when violence seems to be mainly restricted to the family circle, unlike during the previous centuries. As for justice, it aims first at condemning all kind of protest crime (i. E. Murders for robbery, or challenging the social hierarchy), as well as those committed by persons coming from the lower classes, then escaping the current socializing of the masses, even though habits of violence are still widespread in some parts of society
Syng-Ho, Kim. "La question de Port Hamilton (1885-1887) dans le contexte de la politique étrangère des grandes puissances". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010690.
Texto completoDelyfer, Catherine. "Enjeux idéologiques du discours sur les arts décoratifs en Anglerre à la fin du XIXe siècle : étude de "The studio magazine", de 1893 à 1900". Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30005.
Texto completoConnerade, Florent. "L'opium dans les sociétés britannique et indienne au dix-neuvième siècle". Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20044.
Texto completoFollowing a brief summary giving historical and scientific data on drugs, and more particulary on papaver somniferum and its derivatives, this thesis aims at giving a complete overview of the role of opium and opiates in nineteenth century British and Indian societies. The first traces back the history of opium farming in Britain and studies the trading channels of import opium, from the production zones in Asia minor to the British retail market. The impacts of the increasing opiate consumption within every startum of British society are analysed from different perspectives, focusing especially on political, economic, legal and health issues. The effects of opium-eating in somme British nineteenth century literary circles is investigated through the life and works of De Quincey and Coleridge. Likewise, the writings of Collins, Dickens, Doyles and Wilde are used to assess the changes in attitudes towards opium and morphine abuse in late-Victorian society. The fourth part looks into the scientific breakthroughs brought about by opium, in particular: the discovery and the extraction of morphine by Serturner, and its increasing use in medicine due to the invention of the hypodermic syringe by Alexander Wood. The discovery of morphine abuse will lead the way to the first medical theories on addiction and drug abuse. The last part goes back on the history of opium poppy in South and South east Asia from its origins, and investigates the various geoplitical incidents that led China and the British Empire to clash over the issue of Indian opium imports. The end of the thesis describes in detail the nineteenth century Indian opium poppy industry and looks into the different cultural and religious practices in which opium played a part in India society
Joint-Daguenet, Roger. "La politique britannique en Mer Rouge et dans le golfe d'Aden au XIXe siècle : le rôle d'Aden, 1839-1869". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10034.
Texto completoRevest, Didier. "La rue à Londres à l'époque victorienne et édouardienne (1837-1910)". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040176.
Texto completoDurieux, Catherine. "Femmes et genre dans les utopies britanniques et américaines du XIXe sècle". Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030096.
Texto completoHow did utopians who purported to look sympathetically at the « Woman’s Question » construct gender in their utopias ? Did the women utopians do it differently from the male writers ? What has changed and what has remained the same in the « chain of utopias » throughout the long period under consideration ? Equality would seem to have been the basis of early-XIXth century utopias written by Robert Owen and Owenites such as William Thompson and Anna Wheeler. By contrast, mid-XIXth century Fourierites – Fourier and his American disciples Albert Brisbane, Marie Howland and Jane Appleton – seem to have been preeminently taken with the idea of liberty. American Fourierism both carried on Owen’s tradition of « material feminism » and fed « Free Love feminism ». In the late XIXth century, Edward Bellamy and William Morris – though they reacted against each other on a range of other issues – both based their utopias on the assuption that women were morally superior beings and as such should be confined to their own separate sphere where they could exercise their benevolent influence. At the turn of the century, Charlotte Perkins Gilman provided a synthesis of previous lines of thought and opened the way for some of the issues that defined the XXth century
Pizanias, Nadia. "Les débats sur le Déluge au XIXe siècle : géologie et religion en France, Italie, Allemagne et Grande-Bretagne". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010560.
Texto completoMonacelli-Faraut, Martine. "La tentation primitiviste dans le roman utopique anglais de 1872 à 1962". Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2021.
Texto completoAn enduring tradition of thought holds that man is naturally good and that he was meant to live in harmony and symbiosis with nature of which he is part and parcel. In the century when science opens prospects of infinite progress to man he still longs for a remote past and convinces himself that he should revert to a simpler way of life in order to achieve happiness. Many utopists wish the advent of a regenerated man, living in a purified environment transformed by the revival of handcraft and agriculture, capable of living in society without any political institutions. One will find that various legends and myths as well as the theories of influential thinkers have played a great part in the elaboration of the utopian projects. The anti-utopian novels display a similar fascination for this philosophy of history which leads us to think that the primitivistic temptation goes beyond the cult of nature and the past to answer a metaphysical quest which puzzles over man's place in the universe, his essence and his destiny
Bantman, Constance. "Anarchismes et anarchistes en France et en Grande-Bretagne, 1880-1914 : échanges, représentations, transferts". Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131010.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses the relations between the French and the British anarchist movements from 1880 to 1914. Against the historiographic prevalence of studies overlooking anarchist internationalism, or reducing it to inefficient formal institutions, it highlights the cross-influences between these movements and the informal networks underpinning them. The importance of this Franco-British connection can be observed through the rise of anarchosyndicalist propaganda, the implementation of libertarian pedagogic ventures, or international protest campaigns. Through the seemingly marginal case of the anarchists, this study also opens new vistas for a comparative study of the workers’ integration in France and Britain in the last decades of the long nineteenth century. The reception of the libertarian movement also allows for a privileged insight into French and British societies at the end of century, through the prism of a stigmatised dissident group
Browne, Micheál. "L’air du logement : recherches d'un minimum spatial France-Belgique-Grande-Bretagne, 1780-1880". Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0460.
Texto completoLegitimised by physiological criteria established since the 18th century, the research of a space minimum per occupant in the 19th century partakes of the attempts to adjust domestic space to the organic body. Situated on the fringe of several disciplines – town planning, architecture, building, medicine, biology, chemistry and physics – it questions the relation between theory and practice. Characteristic of the history of technology, this interdisciplinary questioning constitutes the essential of the present problematic. However, as shown by the comparative study, the definition of a space minimum does not escape the socio-economic constraints of housing. Even if the argumentation medicalizes itself, the domestic space medicalization is partial. The definition of a space minimum per occupant in the 19th century consists less in a domestic air medicalization than in an indoor air domestication
Amblard, Marion. "L'âge d'or de la peinture écossaise : 1707-1843 : naissance d'une école nationale". Grenoble 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE39059.
Texto completoNowadays, Scottish painting is seldom known throughout the world; usually the very existence of the Scottish school of painting is not acknowledged beyond Great Britain’s borders. On the European continent, spectators and specialists hardly distinguish the Scottish school from the English school, whereas in England art historians consider that the work of the most distinguished representatives of the Scottish school is part of the English school. In Scotland, national pictorial art is not shown to advantage, on the contrary. Curators and art historians experience an inferiority complex showing in the works dealing with Scottish painting as well as in the way collections are displayed in the museums. This thesis aims at showing that there exists a Scottish school clearly different from the English school and that its genesis dates from the second half of the eighteenth century. For nearly fifty years artists painted almost exclusively portraits. This was only from the beginning of the nineteenth century that genres other than portrait painting began to be practised. The period stretching between the Union of the Scottish and English Parliaments in 1707 and 1843, year of the disruption of the Scottish Church, marked the golden age of Scottish painting. Until then the political, economic and cultural contexts had seldom been favourable for artistic activity and few painters had worked in the kingdom. Yet, within a century and a half, a national school of painting came into existence and despite its late birth the quality, originality and merit of the school were acknowledged in England and on the European continent. The style of the Scottish painters who worked between 1707 and 1843 was not different from that of their English and Europeans colleagues. The works of the main portraitists show the influence of Italian, French, Dutch and Spanish arts. The paintings of artists specialised in genre painting are reminiscent above all of the works of seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish painters. Our study will aim at showing that the Presbyterian faith, the context in which pictorial art developed and the nationalist-unionist ideology prevailing in Scotland after 1822, contributed the most to the originality of the Scottish school. Portraitists complied with the Presbyterian religion by painting plain and realistic works stressing the individuality of their sitters. The choice of the themes selected by history painters, as well as by genre and landscape painters for their works, was influenced by the pro-unionist national identity defined at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Their paintings show their attachment to their country and their will to protect their culture while asserting their loyalty to Great Britain
Cornic, Anita. "La pratique du chant choral en Angleterre, pilier d'une entreprise moralisatrice à destination des classes populaires, 1840-1901". Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20025.
Texto completoThis study undertakes to analyse to what extent the creation of amateur choral societies in Victorian England derived from an attempt by the middle classes to control popular leisure. Convinced not only of the educational but also of the moral functions of this pastime, they hoped to offset social unrest and fight endemic alcoholism in the new industrialized society. Popular singing classes took place in mechanics' institutes, in temperance societies, at church or chapel. Many choral societies, whose membership was drawn from singing classes, became the flag bearers of ideological or religious groups. The success of the festivals that ensued followed the development of means of transport and of a simplified sight-singing method, Tonic Sol-fa. The phenomenon we have undertaken to study, which is pervaded by a form of philanthropy verging on paternalism and backed by the " self-help " principle, questions class relationships in the cultural - here musical - area
Herbaut-Archer, Dany. "Représentation et écriture de la judéité dans la fiction du dix-neuvième siècle, en France et en Grande-Bretagne". Lille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL30042.
Texto completoThis representation and the writing of Jewishness in XIXth century fiction in France and in great Britain display the imagology of the Jew through known texts and pave the way for additional research susceptible to draw attention, to novels forgotten today. The works of the corpus reveal the interest shared by various authors, wether anti-semitic or not, in a representation of Jewishness to which they want to testify. The works sometimes bear a documentary value when the story is inspired by reality and by the contemporary press, but all of the novels keep the status of fiction whic allows the reader, wether Jewish or not, to recognize himsel in characters as diverse as possible and which symbolize exactly the variety of mankind. The writers used literary devices to denounce or condone the superiority of a religion or a community. Some authors strengthened the depreciative and stereotypical image of the Israelite when others writers maintained a thread connecting the past, steeped in tradition, with modernity, the objective being to act on the reality of their time and to defend and to keep the memory of peoples. The representation of woman in general and the Jewess in particular, her emancipation, or subjection, highlights the paradoxical difference between the depreciative image of the Jewish identity, on the role played by the Ashkenazi and Sephardic communities and on the language used by the characters (vernacular language, Hebrew, Yiddish. . . )
Barrier, Virginie. "De l'Empire britannique au Commonwealth des Nations : le sens de la question de Rhodésie". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040039.
Texto completoThe Rhodesian Crisis was characterised for more than seventy years by ambiguous relations between the mother country and one of her colonies. Put into historical perspective it shows that the issue was marked by the nature and evolution of the British imperial idea. Rhodesia was a 'non-typical' colony. Since London considered Rhodesia as a Dominion, the Rhodesian Government was able to institute a political system based on racial segregation. At the same time, the interests of natives in the administration of the Colonies had become the core of the imperial idea. The institutionalisation of the Commonwealth of Nations was affected by Rhodesia's inability to carry out a post-colonial transition, as it was torn between white nationalism and imperial decolonisation
Peslerbes, Céline. "La musique française à Londres sous le règne de la reine Victoria 1ère". Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20024.
Texto completoMusical life in London in the reign of queen Victoria was important. Attracted by the sovereign's presence, the splendours of the season and financial advantages, many artists gave public performances in the great number of the west end theatres. During the start of her reign there were a lot of Italian singers amongst them because Italian opera - or at least opera sung in Italian - was fashionable. Instrumental music was mostly German and oratorio was very well appreciated in England. In this musical background, not very encouraged by the establishment which carried on traditions in a society governed by conservative principles, French music had quite a modest place. At Covent Garden, the royal Italian opera, French works by Meyerbeer - and the other composers - were subjected to translation with the drawbacks involved, mainly the danger of modifications. Towards the end of Queen Victoria’s reign there was a decrease in Italianism due to a political and social evolution, which made it possible to introduce changes in the repertoires. These gradual changes were all the easier to carry out as many members of the musical establishment, who now came from Germany and no longer from Italy, were in favour of new ideas. Furthermore, a musical revival took place in France and more French artists and composers appeared in London. They furthered the development of French music and were its best representatives as far as opera, instrumental and choral music are concerned. From now on it was not uncommon to hear a concerto by Saint-Saens, a melody by Massenet, a symphony by Berlioz, Bizet's Carmen and especially Gounod's Faust, running at Covent Garden each season since 1863, when it was created in London. It is also thanks to Gounod's oratorios that he won a particular place in the audience's heart. . . And Victoria's
Le, Meur Jegou Monique. "Forme et nature comparées de la caricature dans les romans anglais et français du XIXe siècle". Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030107.
Texto completoChassagnol, Anne. "La renaissance féerique dans les contes et les tableaux de fées en Grande-Bretagne de 1840 à 1870". Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100064.
Texto completoBetween 1840 and 1870, the fairy, long banished from Britain, exerted itself in a number of fields, notably in tales and in paintings. The majority of the great Victorian novelists, such as Charles Dickens, William. M. Thackeray and John Ruskin published fairytales. The motif of the renaissance, that of revival or even birth, appears in numerous works featuring fairy themes. This comparative study aims to explain the modalities of the return of the fairy, which occurred much later than in other countries, but is nonetheless characteristic of British culture. This thesis seeks to bring to light the originality of a renaissance that seems paradoxical. On the one hand, the Victorian fairy nostalgically evoked a lost golden age, both rural and pre-industrial; on the other hand, it was nourished by numerous scientific discoveries of the period, such as in biology, geology, medicine, botany and entomology. Far from being cut-off from the world in which it emerged, the fairy is inspired and has never been closer to it, now providing a final bastion that refuses to yield to the power of scientific equations. Text and image are intimately linked in this field. Numerous artists were inspired by the work of Shakespeare and, similarly, fairy tales exhibit a pictorial dimension. The representation of the fairy oscillates between visibility and invisibility, the legibility and illegibility, enabling it to address several types of readers or viewers, often at the frontier of eroticism