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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Economics condition"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julio de 2024

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1

Chen, Xi y Guofang Liu. "Gender moderates the effect of homo economicus belief on trust". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, n.º 5 (6 de junio de 2017): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6375.

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We proposed that gender may moderate the effect of homo economicus belief on trust and conducted 2 experiments to test this hypothesis. Before completing the trust measurements, participants in Study 1 transcribed either a passage about homo economicus belief (experimental condition) or a passage about psychological methods (control condition). Participants in Study 2 unscrambled 10 sentences that either contained a word associated with economics (experimental condition) or did not contain any words associated with economics (control condition). Results showed that (a) levels of trust among the experimental condition participants were significantly lower than those in the control condition; (b) men in the experimental condition showed significantly lower levels of trust than did men in the control condition, but there was no difference in the trust levels of women in the experimental and control conditions. Results indicate that homo economicus belief inhibits trust and that this effect is moderated by gender.

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2

Śleszyński, Jerzy. "Normative ecological economics as a condition for sustainable development". Ekonomia i Środowisko - Economics and Environment 83, n.º 4 (12 de enero de 2023): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2022.83.4.516.

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This paper aims to highlight the absolute competitiveness between positive and normative economics. The article presents this controversy as a pretext to analyse a specific field of operation of ecological economics. The normative approach in the ecological economics is needed in the complex age of increasing deficits and confronting threats to biological and social sustainability. Reliable data from biology, physics, chemistry and medicine inform us what is dangerous. They also suggest directions of changes and their necessary scale. The normative approach, based on the guidelines from the basic natural sciences, allows for the creation of economic theories and models and then derives specific, quantitative premises for actions taken in the economy. The thesis of this article boils down to the statement that the effective involvement of ecological economics in the theoretical and practical solving of sustainable development problems is possible only through the use of the normative approach.

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3

Latham, Roger. "A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Greater Conditional Progressivity". Canadian Journal of Economics 26, n.º 4 (noviembre de 1993): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135829.

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4

Ratih Rachma Kurnia, Prayogi Aprilianto, Haetami Haetami, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, Budi Pramono, Agus Winarna, Yudi Sutrasna et al. "MICRO, MACRO, MONETARY, AND FISCAL SECTORS OF INDONESIAN ECONOMICS DEPEND ON DEFENSE ECONOMICS". Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah 2, n.º 2 (29 de octubre de 2022): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i2.3816.

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Indonesia as a developing country, has good awareness of the importance of national development in many aspects. The national development process includes the developments of micro, macro, monetary and fiscal sectors. These factors have affected the allocation of resources, distribution of income, economic growth, and stabilization related to military defense. This paper aims to describe the Indonesian economic condition in 2022 from the defense economics perspective. The method used in this paper is a qualitative literature study with a descriptive and narrative approach. The conclusion is that the Indonesian economic current condition from the micro and macro sectors shows a good development. Furthermore, the policies taken by the government in the monetary and fiscal sectors are considered to be able to stimulate economic recovery. From the defense economics point of view, this condition must be accompanied by conducive country security so the public welfare can be stable

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5

Delis, Manthos, Emilios Galariotis y Jerome Monne. "Economic condition and financial cognition". Journal of Banking & Finance 123 (febrero de 2021): 106035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.106035.

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6

Shmanske, Stephen. "The economics of golf course condition and beauty". Atlantic Economic Journal 27, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1999): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02299580.

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7

Jana, Polakova. "Is economic institutional adaptation feasible for agri-environmental policy? Case of Good Agricultural and Environmental Condition standards". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 10 (24 de octubre de 2018): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/138/2017-agricecon.

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This review focuses on Czech implementation of standards for soil and water protection called Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC), with linkage to the European Union (EU) level. I investigate different elements of adaptive institutional economics: (i) summarise current knowledge regarding the social reasons for introducing GAEC; (ii) assess the evidence linked to GAEC to better understand the potential as well as boundaries of formalizing cause-effect links; (iii) clarify the pertinence of producers’ claims on costs accruing from GAEC implementation. These three points highlight the thesis of this paper: implementation in farmers’ practices of the theoretical concept of sustainability in terms of bridging together economics, society and the environment. The economic reasoning for GAEC introduction within adaptive institutional economics stems from the relational positioning of the knowledge of the costs of the impact of agricultural land use on other characteristic rural land uses. GAEC are needed, albeit the size of support obtained by producers surpasses the costs of complying; therefore, the result pays off for farms. We have learned that GAEC implementation is important from regional to EU levels and that its role is more related to economic institutional adaptation than to regulation. Adaptation of institutional economics is therefore feasible, making it possible to understand GAEC as a network which manages and enables knowledge transfer linked directly to regulation. Institutional economics can link sustainability with farmers’ practices and accounts for the behaviour of the farmers. In this review, I find that, for society, it is necessary to require measurement of agri-environmental outcomes for water resources, soil and biodiversity through GAEC at appropriate scales. These scales are likely to be relevant to adaptive institutional economy localities perceived by the rural public.

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8

Yukhman, Y., O. Bytiak, A. Protsenko y K. Slastianykova. "Financial and economic mechanism of the regulation of sustainable development of economic entities in a circular economy: institutional dominants". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1150, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1150/1/012013.

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Abstract The article defines that to create an effective system of financial and economic regulation of the system-vector development of economic quiddity in the conditions of the circular economy it is necessary to define reserves, which contain a system of measures and methods of determining the potential capacity to develop in accordance with the real opportunities of economic entities of the energy sector in conditions of uncertainty, that allows to make well-grounded and well-balanced management decisions. It is determined that the methodical approach to determining the impact of target parameters of financial and economic condition on the level of the system-vector development of economic entities of the energy sector in the conditions of the circular economy, based on the use of financial-economics identification of the system-vector development of economic quiddity, considering the diversity, nonlinearity of target parameters of financial and economic activities and the convergence of their institutional dominants. This allows to determine the weighting of statistical indicators of financial condition, which reflects the parametric data of ranges of factors-indicators of impact on the level of financial-economics support of the system-vector development of economic quiddity in the conditions of the circular economy.

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9

Welfens, Paul J. J. "Marshall-Lerner condition and economic globalization". International Economics and Economic Policy 9, n.º 2 (26 de marzo de 2011): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10368-010-0177-5.

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10

COSSIGA, Giovanni Antonio. "The Instability of Economic System and the Errors in Economics". Journal of Asian Research 3, n.º 2 (24 de mayo de 2019): p162. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jar.v3n2p162.

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The instability of an economic system is an almost normal condition, because it’s widespread. But it is a distortion if compared to the path of a stable economy. A stable economy follows a straight growth, with a steadily rising slope. In the world of instability, however, the economy follows a sinuous path, because the recession and the monetary signals come into play. Inflation and deflation are only the messengers of the unstable state and also signals to change course. They are ectoplasms created by the world of instability, to stimulate the return to the stable condition. A full frontal against the messengers makes no sense. Instead we need to hold the message and eliminate from the management of the economy those errors which derail from the compatible path and in parallel from the environment around us. The derailment is not definitive, because the events of the unstable sub-world show that the forces acting therein (the recession and the speculative excess) and the monetary messengers have the function of correcting the errors. The cycle of the conjuncture and, in extreme ratio, the speculative excesses are the correction tools, to bring the economic system back to the stable condition. Basically, the recession is a sequential intervention curbing the economy growth, to rebalance the systems’ potential according to the distinct but coherent course followed by our planet. The inflation is the messenger that measures the intensity of the gap between the two levels of development: the humanity and our natural environment. The deflation is instead the measure of the excesses suffered by the economy for the improvident idea to push the economy development beyond the limits imposed by compatibility. The deflation is the measure of excesses in terms of private and public indebtedness, and cheap credit. It is accompanied by a weak growth, which also requires new debt and money availability. The process, if not interrupted, starts the phase of misleading and doped speculation, which will end with a serious economic depression and new social troubles. We should not fight these instability monsters. We need to prevent them, instead. Our world seems to be running towards a new speculative fire. Trying to force the exhausted systems’ course is to light up the smoldering fire. The economy needs a period of calm to heal and reabsorb excesses. Monetary policy must raise up its guard, while fiscal policy must renounce the belief that we have the tools to tame the conjuncture cycle and to submit it to the wishes of our unscrupulousness.

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11

Michalski, Henryk. "Insurance and Insurance Risks in Health Economics". Number-3, March 2019 2, n.º 3 (31 de marzo de 2019): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35935/tax/23.2012.

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Health Economics is a significant field of economy. Development of a nation is crucially connected with the condition of health of its people, and health is now been accepted as an important determinant of economic development of a nation. Here, we will discuss about many topics of Health Economics.

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12

Chernov, V. A. "Financial literacy and consumer culture in behavioral economics as a condition for sustainable development". Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, n.º 3 (16 de marzo de 2023): 472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-3-472-484.

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The purpose of the work is to study the possibilities of improving financial literacy and economic culture, behavioral economics in conjunction with solving the problems of sustainable development in the economic, environmental and social spheres. The apparatus of "behavioral economics" is applied as a theoretical paradigm that takes into account "psychology" to analyze the behavior of subjects of industrial relations. In the work, the author links financial literacy, behavioral economics, economic culture with the problems of sustainable development, and also reveals the conditionality of this development by the need to increase: the culture of thinking, comprehension of moral values, the level of rational consumption. According to the research hypothesis, the solution of these problems is largely due to the quality of the content of the education and enlightenment system. Financial literacy is considered as a condition for increasing the culture of consumption. The research methodology is based on a dialectical approach, an inductive-deductive method, a descriptive analysis of the fundamentals of the behavior of economic agents: theoretical principles of rational choice (maximizing utility) and observed deviations from rational behavior (limited rationality, behavioral effects and systematic errors associated with them); consumer culture, etc. Projects to improve financial literacy in the higher education system are considered as an educational environment that should be used to form predicative thinking, increase economic culture, culture of thinking, financial literacy, consumer culture, as important components in achieving sustainable development. The author concludes that increasing the financial literacy of the population contributes to an increase in the culture of consumption, which consists in satisfying the natural needs of a person as opposed to irrational behavior and degradation-parasitic consumption, which not only lead to losses in the personal budget, but also increase the destruction of natural resources and the destruction of the biosphere. As a result, it is proposed to supplement the program of improving economic culture conducted by national institutions with the topic of improving consumer culture, to expand the content of the general cultural competencies of the Federal State Educational Institution with a more complete knowledge of dialectics, moral value orientations, and the ability of predicative thinking

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13

Ларионов y Valeriy Larionov. "ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AS A DEFINING COMPONENT OF IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC CONDITION OF RUSSIA". Forestry Engineering Journal 7, n.º 1 (15 de agosto de 2017): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25214.

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The article discusses various aspects of the crisis in Russia. It is specified that in Russia there is management, financial and economic crisis, deepened by aggressive policies of the USA and its satellites, the obvious one is the next stage of new geopolitical repartition of the world. The main reasons that led to the current state of the domestic economy are given. To improve the situation the most important aspect is innovative government policy, and knowledge management, in which special place is occupied by information resources and education of labor resources. It is determined that the new ideas that are being developed by highly qualified personnel, possessing deep knowledge in modern conditions, become a source of economic development of the region. The necessity of integration of educational institutions with research institutions on the basis of industrial complex and business structures in the form of a scheme "education – science – personnel – investment – firm - region – business", representing a set of interrelated and interconnected processes that form the overall innovation potential of any economic system, is proved. In the Russian economy, which is based on knowledge, the structure of employment is changing; an increasing share is for workers of intellectual labor in the structure of the working population, the proportion of employees with higher education increases, which is a natural result of development of productive forces in the course of scientific and technical progress. One of the modern requirements to the employees is their ability to train and re-train. A special role in the formation of highly qualified personnel for the Russian economy is designated to information resources, the value increases significantly, they are easily replicated, have increasing marginal utility, they are characterized by positive externalities and discriminatory prices.

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14

Freeze, Brian S., Walter D. Willms y Lyle Rode. "Economics of Maintaining Cow Condition on Fescue Prairie in Winter". Journal of Range Management 52, n.º 2 (marzo de 1999): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003503.

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15

Tymoshenko, Olena y Оlena Trokhymets. "MECHANISM OF BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, n.º 2 (13 de mayo de 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-221-225.

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The purpose of the article. The article covers the mechanisms of behavioural economics introducing into the state policy of the country. This problem becomes especially relevant in modern conditions as people tend to make unreasonable economic decisions. The purpose of this paper is to research the irrational motives of individuals’ behaviour in making economic decisions and to determine the measures for introducing the mechanisms of behavioural economics in the state policy of Ukraine. Methodology. The survey is based on the analysis of the scientific papers of the following scientists in economics: A. Smith, K. Marks, J. Bentham, M. Weber, J. Schumpeter, A. Marshall, J. Keynes, H. Simon, H. Becker, V. Smith, D. Kahneman, A. Tversky, Richard H. Thaler, G. Akerlof, R. Shiller; on the empirical analysis and on the analysis of the behaviour economic instruments. The objective of the article is the survey of irrational motives of human behaviour during the decision-making process in economic conditions, to determine the influence of the irrational motives on social and economic development and to develop measures and activities for implementation of behavioural economics mechanisms in the state policy. The subject of the article is theoretical and methodological aspects of the behavioural economics mechanisms in the state policy. The results. The research in the article shows and explains the main trends of the behavioural studies in the modern condition, in particular: behavioural finance, behavioural game theory, the problem of making a choice in time, prospect theory. One of the examples of Herding behaviour shown in the article is the peculiarities of behavioural aspects of financial markets. Special attention is given to the “nudge theory” used by the leading countries. Behavioural economics possess the instruments, which maintain the decent living of the population and sustainable social and economic situation in the society. The results of research represent that the behavioural peculiarities of the society together with the interaction with the state policy result in the distrust of the society to the authority’s representatives. Besides, the low-income level of the population leads to the predominance of survival values in the society, while in the highly developed countries, the values of self-expression dominate. It is proposed to implement behavioural economics mechanisms in state policy of Ukraine while making economic decisions. Conclusions. Due to the new trends in economic development such as informatization, and digitalization, new ways of the economic behaviour of the population take place. One of the key aspects is the psychological approach to the decision-making process in the economic environment. Thus, behavioural economics becomes of great importance in modern society.

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16

Murrell, Peter. "Can Neoclassical Economics Underpin the Reform of Centrally Planned Economies?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 5, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 1991): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.4.59.

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This paper addresses whether neoclassical economics can provide the intellectual underpinning for a theory of reform. I examine whether the neoclassical model satisfies an essential condition to qualify for this role: does it give us a satisfactory explanation for the vast differences in performance between capitalist and socialist economic systems? First, I focus on the theoretical arguments that have traditionally been used to examine the comparative properties of central planning and markets. I show that developments within theory over the last 20 years have substantially changed the tone of these arguments, making their message more equivocal. Next I discuss empirical evidence, but of a particular sort. Much research shows that centrally planned economies perform less well than market economies; but few studies test whether the superiority of market economies appears within empirical models derived using the framework of basic neoclassical economics. Those studies are the relevant ones for the present exercise. The central conclusion is that economists must look outside the standard models of competition, the focus on Pareto-efficient resource allocation, and the welfare theorems to build a theory of reform.

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17

Minu, Ihwan Wahid. "Fleksibilitas Profit Dalam Ekonomi Islam". Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Tsarwah 1, n.º 1 (19 de julio de 2019): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/al-tsarwah.v1i1.257.

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One purpose of economic activity is to make a profit. Profit can be a pretty important reference in assessing the condition of the success of a business. Profit should be interpreted broadly and holistically not only from the material aspect but also from the mental and spiritual aspects. The purpose of this research is to explain how profit means in Islamic Economics and how the flexibility of the application of profit meanings in Islamic Economics. This research uses research methods with qualitative approaches and literature and qualitative data analysis as an analytical tool. The results of the study show that profits in Islamic Economics are divided into two, namely material profits and spiritual benefits. The application of the meaning of profit in Islamic Economics is flexible which depends on conditions and runs according to principles

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18

Hummel, Daniel. "The potential effects of the social costs from alcohol consumption on state financial condition". Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 30, n.º 1 (5 de marzo de 2018): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-03-2018-006.

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Purpose Most of the literature on the topic of alcohol consumption and externalities related to it identify adverse effects. The effects of these possible externalities on government financial condition remain relatively unexplored in the literature. In economics, the theory of social costs related to unrestricted economic behavior such as alcohol consumption has been explored since the early twentieth century which spread into the field of public administration through welfare economics. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a study of the possible effects of alcohol consumption on state financial condition across state governments in the USA, based on a mediation analysis with PROCESS. Findings This paper finds that there is a significant mediated effect of alcohol consumption on state financial condition through some economic and demographic variables. The paper explores these findings as well as future research. Originality/value This is the first paper that takes an interdisciplinary approach to the social cost and public finance literature with a specific focus on alcohol consumption.

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19

Chu, Jianpeng. "Some Thoughts on the Teaching Content of Mineral Resources Economics". Review of Educational Theory 4, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/ret.v4i1.2838.

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Based on the teaching practice of mineral resources economics, this article believes that a certain economic foundation is an indispensable condition for learning mineral resource economics well for the students of geology majors, and the teaching content of mineral resources economics must include the basic knowledge of economics; Mining resource management is an indispensable content for constructing a knowledge system of economic analysis and evaluation of mineral resources. The teaching content of mineral resource economics should include the sustainable use of mineral resources and the environmental protection. In order to meet the needs of society, the teaching content of mineral resources economics must be updated in time.

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20

Michel, Philippe. "Some Clarifications on the Transversality Condition". Econometrica 58, n.º 3 (mayo de 1990): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2938197.

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21

Hayashi, Fumio. "Peril of the Inflation Exit Condition". Japanese Economic Review 70, n.º 1 (3 de febrero de 2019): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jere.12218.

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22

Chung, Kim-Sau. "A Note on Matsushima's Regularity Condition". Journal of Economic Theory 87, n.º 2 (agosto de 1999): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1999.2545.

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23

Fricke, Claudia, Jen Perry, Tracey Chapman y Locke Rowe. "The conditional economics of sexual conflict". Biology Letters 5, n.º 5 (2 de julio de 2009): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0433.

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Sexual conflict is a fundamentally important aspect of male–female interactions. In this opinion piece, we emphasize two approaches that warrant significantly greater attention. First, we review the importance of understanding the ‘economics’ (costs and benefits) of sexual interactions and note surprisingly large, unrecognized gaps in our knowledge. Second, we highlight the novel obstacles and opportunities afforded by the dependence of sexually antagonistic (SA) selection on both the local environment and condition of the interacting individuals. We conclude that more research in these two areas is essential to fully understand the evolution of SA interactions and will provide significant new insights into the extent to which coevolution of the sexes is shaped by conflict. We argue that these approaches, although not new to the field, are undervalued and under-represented.

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24

Scorgie, M. y J. Kennedy. "Who Discovered the Faustmann Condition?" History of Political Economy 28, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 1996): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-28-1-77.

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25

Alper, C. Emre, Oya Pinar Ardic y Salih Fendoglu. "THE ECONOMICS OF THE UNCOVERED INTEREST PARITY CONDITION FOR EMERGING MARKETS". Journal of Economic Surveys 23, n.º 1 (febrero de 2009): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2008.00558.x.

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26

Addessi, Elsa, Valeria Tierno, Valentina Focaroli, Federica Rossi, Serena Gastaldi, Francesca De Petrillo, Fabio Paglieri y Jeffrey R. Stevens. "Are capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus spp.) sensitive to lost opportunities? The role of opportunity costs in intertemporal choice". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, n.º 1819 (11 de enero de 2021): 20190674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0674.

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Principles of economics predict that the costs associated with obtaining rewards can influence choice. When individuals face choices between a smaller, immediate option and a larger, later option, they often experience opportunity costs associated with waiting for delayed rewards because they must forego the opportunity to make other choices. We evaluated how reducing opportunity costs affects delay tolerance in capuchin monkeys. After choosing the larger option, in the High cost condition, subjects had to wait for the delay to expire, whereas in the Low cost different and Low cost same conditions, they could perform a new choice during the delay. To control for the effect of intake rate on choices, the Low cost same condition had the same intake rate ratio as the High cost condition. We found that capuchins attended both to intake rates and to opportunity costs. They chose the larger option more often in the Low cost different and Low cost same conditions than in the High cost condition, and more often in the Low cost different condition than in the Low cost same condition. Understanding how non-human primates represent and use costs in making decisions not only helps to develop theoretical frameworks to explain their choices but also addresses similarities with and differences from human decision-making. These outcomes provide insights into the origins of human economic behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.

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27

Armstrong, Timothy B. y Michal Kolesár. "Sensitivity analysis using approximate moment condition models". Quantitative Economics 12, n.º 1 (2021): 77–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1609.

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We consider inference in models defined by approximate moment conditions. We show that near‐optimal confidence intervals (CIs) can be formed by taking a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, and adding and subtracting the standard error times a critical value that takes into account the potential bias from misspecification of the moment conditions. In order to optimize performance under potential misspecification, the weighting matrix for this GMM estimator takes into account this potential bias and, therefore, differs from the one that is optimal under correct specification. To formally show the near‐optimality of these CIs, we develop asymptotic efficiency bounds for inference in the locally misspecified GMM setting. These bounds may be of independent interest, due to their implications for the possibility of using moment selection procedures when conducting inference in moment condition models. We apply our methods in an empirical application to automobile demand, and show that adjusting the weighting matrix can shrink the CIs by a factor of 3 or more.

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28

Caporale, Guglielmo Maria, Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana y Robert Mudida. "Testing the Marshall-Lerner Condition in Kenya". South African Journal of Economics 83, n.º 2 (18 de junio de 2014): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/saje.12052.

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29

Montrucchio, Luigi. "Cass transversality condition and sequential asset bubbles". Economic Theory 24, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2004): 645–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-004-0502-8.

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30

Armstrong, Timothy B. y Michal Kolesár. "Sensitivity analysis using approximate moment condition models". Quantitative Economics 12, n.º 1 (2021): 77–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1609.

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We consider inference in models defined by approximate moment conditions. We show that near‐optimal confidence intervals (CIs) can be formed by taking a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, and adding and subtracting the standard error times a critical value that takes into account the potential bias from misspecification of the moment conditions. In order to optimize performance under potential misspecification, the weighting matrix for this GMM estimator takes into account this potential bias and, therefore, differs from the one that is optimal under correct specification. To formally show the near‐optimality of these CIs, we develop asymptotic efficiency bounds for inference in the locally misspecified GMM setting. These bounds may be of independent interest, due to their implications for the possibility of using moment selection procedures when conducting inference in moment condition models. We apply our methods in an empirical application to automobile demand, and show that adjusting the weighting matrix can shrink the CIs by a factor of 3 or more.

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31

Korpela, Ville. "A simple sufficient condition for strong implementation". Journal of Economic Theory 148, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2013): 2183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2013.04.013.

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32

Ramos, Hector M., Jorge Ollero y Miguel A. Sordo. "A Sufficient Condition for Generalized Lorenz Order". Journal of Economic Theory 90, n.º 2 (febrero de 2000): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1999.2606.

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33

Leroux, Alain. "Preferences and normal goods: A sufficient condition". Journal of Economic Theory 43, n.º 1 (octubre de 1987): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(87)90122-0.

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34

Agustine, Reni Indriani. "Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Menurut Zainal Abidin Ahmad". J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 8, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2023): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v8i1.947.

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Zainal Abidin Ahmad (ZAA) is one of the prominent Muslim intellectuals owned by Indonesia. The idea of Islamic economics is a milestone in the history of economic development in Indonesia whose existence is sometimes forgotten, even though many of the works he wrote were used as references for later economists. The results of his major work were recorded under the title "Fundamentals of Islamic Economics". The book describes Islamic economics according to the Qur'an and Hadith. That an economic action must refer to two guidelines for human life in order to create an economic condition that is full of benefits and blessings both in this world and the hereafter.

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35

Miya Dewi Suprihandari, Miya Dewi Suprihandari. "RELIGIUS TOURISM : BLESS FOR EVERYONE, NOW AND THEN IN INDONESIAN ECONOMICS VALUE". Journal of Islamic Economics Perspectives 2, n.º 1 (23 de septiembre de 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/jiep.v2i1.35.

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Religion as the most important foundation of human life is also a unifying difference between humans. Between people, they are connected when some of them need some things that are not owned by some other, whatever their religion. In Indonesia, especially in areas known as the origin of several deceased religious leaders, now it has turned into a spot that is visited by many followers or groups of people of different faiths to get information as educational material for them. These conditions make the economic conditions of the area begin to change, where the surrounding community prepares everything that is expected to be able to support the changing situation and conditions. Religious tourism spot has become one of the phenomena of the emergence of economic changes in the surrounding community to grow to be more positive than the previous condition. Religious tourism is a turning point in the growth of the religious value of the community and the economic value of the surrounding community and migrant communities in the area, even regional income. To support this condition, it would be wise for the local government at the location to provide support in the form of improved suggestions and supporting infrastructure for the smooth and development of the economic conditions of the people in particular, and for local governments in general.

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36

Uddin, Minhaz, Shraboni Rudra y Mohammed Nazim Uddin. "Forecasting the Long Term Economics Status of Bangladesh Using Machine Learning Approaches from 2016-2036". International Journal of Computer Communication and Informatics 1, n.º 1 (30 de mayo de 2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijcci19110.

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It is a piece of happy news for us that Bangladesh has been now converted to a developing country. The United Nation and World Bank have recognized it. But they have a condition that we need to continue this economic progress till 2024 for getting a permanent recognition. The economic condition depends on many factors like Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Personal Saving, Private Sector Investment, Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, Human Assets Index (HAI) and Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI). This paper portrays the forecast of the long-term economic condition of Bangladesh as an independent variable which is a year and the dependent variables are GDP, private sector investment and personal saving. The living conditions of a country depend on GDP. Personal saving and Private Sector Investment are also important parts of a country’s economy. If we will forecast these attributes properly, then we can determine the economic condition of Bangladesh and living status of the people more accurately. Therefore, we can determine that Bangladesh can fulfil the condition of getting permanent recognized as a developing country. For forecasting these attributes, we proposed a model which consists of Karl Pearson’s coefficient and modified linear regression techniques. For improving performance, we modify linear regression by gradient boosting. This experiment shows that our model gives us more accurate forecasting about GDP, Private sector investment and Personal Saving.

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37

SADCHENKO, O. V. y I. V. ROBUL. "ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING SPACE OF THE ECONOMICS OF EXPERIENCE". Economic innovations 22, n.º 1(74) (20 de marzo de 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2020.22.1(74).129-139.

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Topicality. It is relevant to determine the equilibrium dynamic state of the system based on the harmonization of the interaction between economic and environmental subsystems in the market space. The product of the economy of experience is: a product or service plus additional profit from experience. Impression - entertainment, training, the possibility of personal participation, self-expression, the development of social contacts and skills (socialization) and more, these are added value factors. Additional costs in the originality or uniqueness of a product or service are paid off and bring additional profit. Therefore, goods or services related to natural resources or conditions are especially relevant. The economics of experience should be considered in the economic and environmental marketing space, which will allow to form the price of goods and services that increases in the first case (location) from the additional costs for rent and additional profit for the uniqueness of receiving a service in this area or increasing due to the impression of a product or service and overlapping cost of services. In the second case, the price of the service is adjusted relative to additional costs and profits for the originality of the provision of impression services. That is, we can consider differential rents of the first and second order taking into account the environmental factor. Rent in the conditions of the economy of experience - additional income received by the entrepreneur in excess of a certain profit for the uniqueness of the location of his activities and capital; the formation of environmental rents, when considering the natural resource potential, is due to more favorable location conditions in which one entrepreneur is in front of another, not in equal conditions. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic and environmental marketing space in the context of the development of the economy of experience by substantiating the theoretical and scientific-practical foundations of the formation of the mechanism of economic and environmental innovative development. Research results. Issues related to the “economy of experience” make it possible to go to that level of economic development that allows you to take advantage of the competitive advantages of this enterprise. When considering the innovation and ecological space, competitive advantages can be used more effectively in terms of attracting impressions to meet the needs of both the B2B, B2C market and international markets. Impression marketing is an additional human activity that relates to the market in the conditions of fierce competition and a saturated market, when its principles serve as the only possible way to ensure profitability and plus additional profitability of production, growth and development of the enterprise. Market orientation determines the main areas of economic activity and evaluates its results by the value of the final income. A distinctive feature of such a service is that it can exist only with the relationship between the buyer of the service, the manufacturer of the service and the “additional service”, which does not always depend on the manufacturer of the service, but is formed depending on the location, historical value of the place or the unusual nature of the service , that is, from the uniqueness of the provision of this service. So, in fact, the consumer pays for a pleasant, sometimes unforgettable experience, and the producer (owner) of this service overpays (relative to the average price level) for rent or for the purchase of additional fixed assets (or additional investments). The manufacturer must have compensation for the "overpayment" and, of course, additional profit. So, the consumer pays extra money for an additional service-impression, and the owner also pays extra either for renting a room or for the additional supply of this service, that is, “impression” is the additional costs that are reflected in the price of the goods. An impression in the economic sense is additional costs and additional profit. Only ecologically high-quality goods and the same high-quality environmental services are in real demand in the market and can attract consumers. Proceeding both from the interests of society as a whole and each member of the society, it is necessary to use new forms of organizing production, business and labor, improving the structure of production and economic activity, taking into account national characteristics of nature management. The condition for the formation of environmental rents is not only the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the resource (resource-goods - land), but also the environmental characteristics of this resource and products grown on this site. Therefore, with the expenditure of equal capital, they give a different quantity and quality of products. Ecological rent can be formed on the worst land fertility, but the best environmental characteristics. At the same time, lands of higher categories can be removed from agricultural circulation in connection with an environmental disaster. Therefore, in an economy of experience, when determining the price of “decision making”, environmental components must be taken into account, however, environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources, and excessive pollution indicate failures in the market mechanism. The economics of experience in modern conditions can change this negative practice. Conclusion. In modern conditions of economic development, a fundamentally new environmental policy of the state is needed, which would clearly define the strategy and tactics for improving relations between society, production and nature, the optimal combination of environmental, economic and marketing positions. In this regard, multidimensional studies of marketing systems that are part of integrated socio-ecological-economic systems, combined by information flows, are needed. In the process of formation of market structures of the economics of experience, the task is to combine the interests of the economy, society and improve the environment. Reducing pollution and conserving natural resources becomes beneficial to the economics of experience. If earlier the interests of economics and ecology were located in the plane of conflicts, now in the ecological and economic space their interests coincide: the producer receives additional profit, while improving the environment.

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Molokanova, Valentina y Inna Hordieieva. "SYSTEM APPROACH TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN CONDITION OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMY". Management of Development of Complex Systems, n.º 45 (1 de marzo de 2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2021.45.43-49.

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Human behavior is the most common cause of project management failure. Behavioral economics is interdisciplinary in nature and allows you to identify the psychological basis for making a project manager decisions that lead to success or failure in projects. The personality of the project manager, project teams, and a special project environment continue to dominate the analysis of human behavior in project management. The article may be of interest to scientists and project management practitioners. The aim of the work is to study the principles of decision-making in project management and the influence of behavioral economics on them. The objectives of the article are to determine the impact of behavioral economics on project management as a system, to compare the methods of hard and soft systems approaches in planning and decision-making, to develop principles and sequence of actions for project integration. Methods. When writing the article, a behavioral approach, a systematic approach, decision-making methods, heuristic methods, a soft systemic approach, a hard systemic approach, a logical-structural approach, and integration methods were used. The results of the work are to harmonize the principles of PMBoK project management standards of the announced 7th edition, ISO 21500, ISO / IEC 15288 with the principles of the management economics approach. Providing system integration based on a soft systemic approach to management, allows to more fully take into account the human factor when making decisions and serve as a tool for implementing the principles of behavioral economics. A comparative analysis of the hard and soft systemic approaches is carried out and their main differences are identified. Effective integration requires organizational, administrative and behavioral skills in managing people. The principle of innovation, the principle of flexibility to change, the principle of combined compensation and the principle of combined value are the four principles of integration. Scientific novelty. The work further developed methodological approaches to substantiating the creation and further formation of a unique mental space for project activities, by ensuring the using of methods and approaches of behavioral economics. Practical significance. The results obtained are aimed at improving methodological approaches to decision-making in project activities based on ensuring the implementation of the principles of behavioral economics. Ensuring the principles and sequence of actions for the integration of the project is aimed at increasing the number of successfully implemented projects.

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Morselli, Alessandro. "INEQUALITIES BETWEEN LIBERAL DOCTRINE AND KEYNESIAN-ORIENTED CONVENTIONAL ECONOMICS". Economic Thought journal 65, n.º 3 (20 de junio de 2020): 86–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.56497/etj2065303.

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The increase in inequalities over the last thirty years has been supported by the statements of liberal economic thought. According to liberalists, economic inequality is a necessary condition to achieve the objectives of economic growth and market efficiency. The failure of the Efficient-market hypothesis, with the financial crisis of 2007, brings forth the need to reconsider the theoretical basis of perfect individual rationality, taking into account more realistic models of individuals with limited rationality. This is how the role of conventions in decision making comes into play, and more specifically the chapter twelve of Keynes’ General Theory, through the analysis of anticipations in condition of uncertainty, where the conventional nature of the investment decision is highlighted. But the Keynesian convention is insufficient to better explain how financial markets operate, when the convention is lacking. Thus, the present paper proposes a review of the “Keynesian conventional economy”, updating it in the “oriented conventional economics”.

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40

Andrews, Donald W. K. y Patrik Guggenberger. "ASYMPTOTIC SIZE OF KLEIBERGEN’S LM AND CONDITIONAL LR TESTS FOR MOMENT CONDITION MODELS". Econometric Theory 33, n.º 5 (3 de octubre de 2016): 1046–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466616000347.

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An influential paper by Kleibergen (2005, Econometrica 73, 1103–1123) introduces Lagrange multiplier (LM) and conditional likelihood ratio-like (CLR) tests for nonlinear moment condition models. These procedures aim to have good size performance even when the parameters are unidentified or poorly identified. However, the asymptotic size and similarity (in a uniform sense) of these procedures have not been determined in the literature. This paper does so.This paper shows that the LM test has correct asymptotic size and is asymptotically similar for a suitably chosen parameter space of null distributions. It shows that the CLR tests also have these properties when the dimension p of the unknown parameter θ equals 1. When p ≥ 2, however, the asymptotic size properties are found to depend on how the conditioning statistic, upon which the CLR tests depend, is weighted. Two weighting methods have been suggested in the literature. The paper shows that the CLR tests are guaranteed to have correct asymptotic size when p ≥ 2 when the weighting is based on an estimator of the variance of the sample moments, i.e., moment-variance weighting, combined with the Robin and Smith (2000, Econometric Theory 16, 151–175) rank statistic. The paper also determines a formula for the asymptotic size of the CLR test when the weighting is based on an estimator of the variance of the sample Jacobian. However, the results of the paper do not guarantee correct asymptotic size when p ≥ 2 with the Jacobian-variance weighting, combined with the Robin and Smith (2000, Econometric Theory 16, 151–175) rank statistic, because two key sample quantities are not necessarily asymptotically independent under some identification scenarios.Analogous results for confidence sets are provided. Even for the special case of a linear instrumental variable regression model with two or more right-hand side endogenous variables, the results of the paper are new to the literature.

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41

Harris, Cole y David Harvey. "The Condition of Postmodernity". Economic Geography 67, n.º 2 (abril de 1991): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/143544.

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KUDO, Yukiko. "Achieving Optimal and Sustainable Condition Between Life and Environment: Home Economics Perspective". TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 25, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2020): 11_22–11_26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.25.11_22.

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Saefurrohman, Asep. "Penguatan Ekonomi Dalam Negeri dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Global : Relevansi Kebijakan Ekonomi Umar bin Khathab". Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Raushan Fikr 3, n.º 1 (14 de abril de 2017): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jimrf.v3i1.1009.

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Umar bin Khathab is the second khalifah that success for bringing Islam to the victory with a variety of foreigh steps that implemented in lead Islam. Not except in economics problem and relation diplomatic that he form with some state and kingdom at that time. At Khalifah Umar bin Khathab era, they do reconstruction on baitul mal as country treasure, and arrange society economical problems from all aspect that relation with economic development as education, investment, infrastructure, and development of human resources. The writer explain condition of economic and foreigh of khalifah Umar bin Khathab in consolidate country economic to face market rivalry that more open end and wide together with wider of region that enter under Islamic administration.

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Meyer, Jack y Robert H. Rasche. "Sufficient Conditions for Expected Utility to Imply Mean-Standard Deviation Rankings: Empirical Evidence Concerning the Location and Scale Condition". Economic Journal 102, n.º 410 (enero de 1992): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234854.

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Muller, Ulrich K. y Graham Elliott. "Tests for Unit Roots and the Initial Condition". Econometrica 71, n.º 4 (julio de 2003): 1269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0262.00447.

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Mahmud, Syed F., Aman Ullah y Eray M. Yucel. "Testing Marshall-Lerner condition: a non-parametric approach". Applied Economics Letters 11, n.º 4 (15 de marzo de 2004): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850410001674867.

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Chichilnisky, Graciela. "The cone condition, properness, and extremely desirable commodities". Economic Theory 3, n.º 1 (marzo de 1993): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01213700.

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Lauermann, Stephan, Georg Nöldeke y Thomas Tröger. "The Balance Condition in Search‐and‐Matching Models". Econometrica 88, n.º 2 (2020): 595–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta8356.

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Most of the literature that studies frictional search‐and‐matching models with heterogeneous agents and random search investigates steady state equilibria. Steady state equilibrium requires, in particular, that the flows of agents into and out of the population of unmatched agents balance. We investigate the structure of this balance condition, taking agents' matching behavior as given. Building on the “fundamental matching lemma” for quadratic search technologies in Shimer and Smith (2000), we establish existence, uniqueness, and comparative statics properties of the solution to the balance condition for any search technology satisfying minimal regularity conditions. Implications for the existence and structure of steady state equilibria in the Shimer–Smith model and extensions thereof are noted. These reinforce the point that much of the structure of search‐and‐matching models with quadratic search technologies carries over to more general search technologies.

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Araujo, Aloisio y Humberto Moreira. "Adverse selection problems without the Spence–Mirrlees condition". Journal of Economic Theory 145, n.º 3 (mayo de 2010): 1113–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2010.02.010.

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Bilancini, Ennio y Leonardo Boncinelli. "The evolution of conventions under condition-dependent mistakes". Economic Theory 69, n.º 2 (24 de enero de 2019): 497–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-019-01174-y.

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