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1
Mandal, Manoranjan. "Status of irrigation and its impact on agriculture in Jalpaiguri District". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4367.
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Smarsh, Andy. "Financial performance profile and evaluation of alternative equity management programs for farmers cooperative equity company". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2389.
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Deese, Steven Daniel. "Economic analysis weeding techniques for organic farmers /". Click here to view, 2010. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/agbsp/14/.
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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2010.Project advisor: Wayne Howard. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Mar. 24, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Beena, K. B. "Socio-Economic Study of Prawn Farmers in Ernakulam District". Thesis, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1992. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/11036/1/Beena%20B.K..pdf.
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There is a need to utilise rich and varied resources
in the field of capture and culture fisheries in India. On
one hand it will provide cheap source of protein to the
consumers end earn foreign exchange and on the other hand
poor coastal population will be benefitted by way of
raising their family income. Government of India has been
attaching great importance to the fisheries in the new
agricultural policy and an enhanced outlay of over Rs 400
crore has been earmarked for the fisheries development in
Eighth Five Year Plan. Besides this, states end Union
Territories will make suitable increase in their allocations
in the centrally sponsored fisheries schemes.
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Newman, Claire Cathey. "Determining the economic value of trust". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32491.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Brian C. Briggeman
Trust has been considered an integral part of maintaining any successful business relationship, and without trust, a business transaction would likely not occur. While trust has been a necessary component of these transactions, there remains to be minimal research on if customers truly value trustworthiness in a sales representative. And if customers do indeed value a trusted relationship, little is known how sales representatives can best enhance these trusted relationships. The primary objective of this research was twofold; first the economic value of trust and its components was estimated in a loan officer and farmer relationship, and second, was identifying the most effective ways that loan officers or sales representatives can increase their own trustworthiness with farmers. An online survey distributed to Kansas farmers was composed of three main components; general trust section, a best-worst simulation, and a choice experiment section. The general trust section motivated respondents to think about their perceptions of trustworthiness. In a best-worst simulation, respondents indicated which statements most and least represented the four trust components. The last section prompted respondents to report the trust score of their current loan officer and ranked that loan officer against hypothetical loan officers. Using a rank-ordered logit, the willingness to pay (WTP) estimates were calculated, giving insight to the most valued components of trust. Results from the choice experiment show that farmers greatly value self-orientation far above the other three trust components. On average, farmers are willing to pay .90% interest rate for a loan officer to be very focused on them and their operation. For a very credible and a very reliable loan officer, farmers were willing to pay .80%. Intimacy, or strong connection between the loan officer and farmer, was a distant last with farmers only willing to pay .40%. In conclusion, Kansas farmers do place economic value on trust in a business relationship. Self-orientation was the most valued trust component, and sales representatives who want to deepen a trusted relationship should focus on bettering themselves. This paper will generate ample discussion as it is a significant contribution to the literature on trust in business relationships.
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Shea, Jonathan. "The late Byzantine city : social, economic and institutional profile". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1374/.
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This study aims to contribute to the discussion of late Byzantine urban centres by researching four important cities for which written, archaeological and numismatic sources are available, and by creating a profile for each. Conclusions drawn from the study of Monemvasia, Ioannina, Arta and Thessalonike have then been used to draw a wider picture about late Byzantine cities in general. The period 1204-1460 saw the territorial collapse of the Byzantine Empire, followed by its partial reconstitution and then final fall. The political fragmentation of the Balkans and an increasingly integrated Mediterranean economy placed the Byzantine city at the heart of the politics and the economy of its region, and connected it to the wider world more than at any time since the seventh century. The profile of cities such as Monemvasia, Ioannina, Arta and Thessalonike was shaped by their function both as centres of wealth and international trade, and the residence of the imperial administration and the provincial elite. The study is divided into four chapters, each dedicated to a particular city. Each chapter analyses the politics, built environment, society, population, privileges and economy of the individual urban unit, and combines each section to draw conclusions. The concluding chapter of the thesis highlights common trends and developments in the socio-economic profiles of the four cities, and makes more general observations about late Byzantine urban civilization.
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Jayappa, Vinay. "Economic perspective of farmers indebtedness in suicidal prone area - Punjab, India". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4157.
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To, The Nguyen. "Economic analysis of farmers' decisions : application to the vietnam's tea production". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAB008/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux décisions de production des agriculteurs et plus particulièrement des producteurs de thé au Vietnam. Plus précisément, le Chapitre 1 donne un aperçu rapide de l’évolution observée dans le monde et au Vietnam. Le Chapitre 2 porte sur l’analyse de l'efficacité technique de la production de thé au Vietnam. Il permet de conclure que l'efficacité technique moyenne de la production de thé est très faible (seulement 41\%). Le Chapitre 3 de cette thèse présente un modèle théorique analysant les décisions d’agriculteurs dans le cadre d’une conversion à la production biologique. Il s'agit de déterminer les conditions optimales pour la conversion compte tenu des contraintes concernant l'allocation des terres pour les produits conventionnels et biologiques. Il montre notamment l'importance de (i) la quantité disponible de terres consacrées aux produits biologiques, (ii) la productivité de la technologie de production de produits biologiques, (iii) les mécanismes d'incitation et enfin (iv) les contraintes inhérentes à la production de produits biologiques. Le Chapitre 4 compare deux modèles économétriques, l'un avec une hétérogénéité individuelle non observable et l'autre sans hétérogénéité. Les résultats obtenus révèlent certains facteurs importants qui influent sur l'adoption des différentes variétés de thé: le revenu, la présence de personnages âgées au sein du ménage, la taille du ménage et l'usage d'engrais biologique. Le Chapitre 5, enfin, s'intéresse aux impacts des relations politiques sur le revenu total et le revenu issu de la production de thé des ménages. Nos résultats soulignent le rôle important des relations politiques sur l'amélioration des revenus des agriculteursThe aim of this thesis is to identify and investigate some limits regarding recent empirical and theoretical contributions in the field of farmers' behavior as related to tea production in Vietnam. Chapter 1 provides a quick overview about tea production in the world and in Vietnam. Chapter 2 in our thesis analyzes the technical efficiency of the tea production in Vietnam. This study finds that the average technical efficiency of tea production is very low (only about 41\%). Chapter 3 presents a theoretical model in order to figure out the farmer's decision to adopt for organic production. The decision concerns the allocation of lands for conventional and organic products.It shows the importance of (i) the available quantity of land devoted to agricultural plants, (ii) the productivity of the organic products, (iii) the incentive mechanism, and finally (iv) the constraints on output of organic products. In Chapter 4, we compared two version of econometric model: a model with household's unobserved heterogeneity and a model without unobserved heterogeneity. We found that the former model is preferred. The results revealed that some important factors which influence the adoption of tea varieties included tea income, presence of elderly, household size and use of organic fertilizers. In Chapter 5, we focus on investigating the impacts of political connections both farmer's total income and tea income. The findings indicate the significant role of political connection on improving farming households' income
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Pam, Stephen John. "Essex agriculture : landowners' and farmers' responses to economic change, 1850-1914". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2677/.
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This thesis responds to the perennial quest for regional and local investigations into agricultural history, a theme reiterated in the recently published volume of the Agrarian History of England and Wales. It examines landownership and farming in Essex C.1850 and 1914, a large county with a variety of soils and market accessibility enabling investigation of the broader debate on agriculture. It has made use of official sources and returns, newspapers, oral evidence and, in particular, Essex estate papers, many of which have not been used before. Existing interpretations of 'golden age' agriculture are challenged. The period, it is suggested, saw but modest prosperity and was characterised by continuity rather than change. Rents rose only modestly, investment levels were far lower than most previous accounts have suggested, there is evidence of a retreat from leadership by landowners, increased reliance on wheat, and only a limited movement towards livestock and 'high farming'. Yet such continuity and apparent conservatism was rational given the constraints and opportunities available to Essex landowners and farmers. This work also disputes the oft-made claims that south-eastern agriculturalists were in the vanguard of managerial and entrepreneurial failure in the subsequent depression, that structural change in the face of collapsing cereal prices was inadequate and insufficient attention paid to the example set by Scottish migrant farmers. In fact, analysis shows that despite far from clear market signals, most Essex farmers and landowners responded rationally, adequately and appropriately. Essex evidence affords little support to Avner Offer's attack on the tripartite system. Most landlords were good managers and supported tenants, but the evidence does suggest some entrepreneurial shortcomings. This thesis, therefore, contributes not only to debates about Victorian and Edwardian agriculture, but also to the wider debate on British managerial and entrepreneurial performance in the period.
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McGinnis, Mark Allen 1963. "Economic impacts of groundwater quality legislation on central Arizona cotton farmers". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191971.
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The profitability effects on central Arizona cotton producers resulting from the regulation of agricultural chemicals was estimated. Evaluating the economic effects on farmers is an important consideration in the development of groundwater protection policy as mandated by Arizona's 1986 Environmental Quality Act. A survey was taken of Pest Control Advisors in Maricopa and Pinal Counties to determine the substitutions which take place between various agricultural chemicals and the estimated resulting change in cotton lint yield. Technical data regarding nitrogen fertilizer applications was taken from local studies done by personnel from Cooperative Extension. This data was analyzed using comparative farm budgeting techniques. Significant effects were estimated for the elimination of certain specific agricultural chemical inputs, while others projected only minimal effects due to the availability of substitute products. Detailed sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the effects of changing production and cost parameters assumed in the model.
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Zanamwe, Lazarus. "Population change and socio-economic development in Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/457/.
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It is a commonly held theory that population is related to levels of social and economic development within a given country or society. The work of Becker in the early 1960s gave much impetus to studies of the relationship between fertility, mortality and migration, on the one hand and their determinants, on the other. The determinants were seen as the social, economic, political and cultural settings of the countries or socities under study. The thesis attempts to apply this theory in relation to the demographic development of Zimbabwe. The thesis postulates that socio-economic differentials within Zimbabwe are sufficiently pronounced as to begin to affect the demographic structure of the country. It is with this in mind that three objectives are set for the thesis: a) the exploration of the demographic structure of the population of Zimbabwe, as a means of furthering the understanding of the nature of the demographic development of the country; b) the development and utilization of data estimation techniques as a means of overcoming the deficiencies in the data collected from official sources; and, c) the investigation of the link between population change, on the one hand, with social and economic development on the other. The hypothesis proceeds through the examination of such social and economic variables as income, education, health and other social indicators in relation to fertility, migration and mortality. Due to the inadequacy of data on the demographic variables, the thesis estimates such data using the recognized relationships among the demographic variables. The estimated demographic measures are subjected to correlation and regression analysis after the development structure of the country has been explored through factor and cluster analysis. Three geographical scales are used in the analyses viz. the province, the district and the local authority area. Use of the three geographical scales exposes the dangers of extrapolating and generalizing national patterns of demographic, social and economic development to the levels of the district and the local authority, as well as exposing different features of the development profile of the country of Zimbabwe. The thesis concludes that there is a differentiation in the demographic profile of the various geographical regions of the country, based on inequitable distribution of resources in the past when the country was under white settler colonial rule. The advent of independence and the introduction of policies designed to reduce such inequalities had not had time to work by the time the 1982 Census, from whose data the study is based, was taken. The thesis therefore recommends that further censuses are required if the effect of such policies are to be measured. It further recommends the use of cross-temporal instead of the cross-sectional data which was applied in this study.
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Westbrook, Johnnie Ray. "Enhancing Limited-Resource Farmers' Economic, Environmental, and Social Outcomes Through Extension Education". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39743.
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This research examined how the North Carolina A & T State University Cooperative Extension program has helped limited-resource farmers realize economic, environmental, and social outcomes through its 1890 Extension education program. Since1990, there has been little research on recent contributions of 1890 Extension programs for this audience. This inquiry described educational collaborative efforts among the North Carolina A & T Extension program, North Carolina State University (NCSU), other 1862 land-grant universities, community-based organizations, and government agencies providing nonformal education and services to limited-resource farmers. Personal interviews were conducted with two Extension specialists, one associate, two agents, and two agricultural and natural resource technicians. A focus group was conducted with nine limited-resource farmers.The findings revealed that the Farmers Adopting Computer Training (FACT), Plasticulture, and Pastured-Swine programs have helped enhance limited-resource farmers' economic, environmental, and social outcomes. In addition, the participants confirmed caring, trust, and relationship building as qualities that encouraged their participation. However, participants indicated that scheduling Extension programs that conflict with planting and harvesting season and programs that do not address farmers' needs and issues prevent their participation in Extension programs. Furthermore, North Carolina A & T Extension programs involved farmers in program planning through advisory committees and mentoring other farmers. Participants indicated that NC A & T collaborates with North Carolina State University, community-based organizations, and other government agencies to meet the needs of limited-resource farmers.The data suggest that the following improvements and changes for the North Carolina A & T Extension program: (a) use the outcome-based evaluation approach to evaluate Extension programs, (b) provide training for Extension faculty on program planning models, (c) continue the FACT, plasticulture, and pastured-swine production programs, (d) educate faculty in other schools and colleges at NC A & T State University about Extension programs, and (e) develop joint programs with other schools and colleges at North Carolina A & T State University.Ph. D.
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Charlesworth, Simon Jack. "Factors affecting farmers' uptake of benefits following arterial drainage improvement schemes". Thesis, University of Brighton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292210.
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Sartorius, Kurt. "Linking small-scale farmers to agribusiness the economics of contracting /". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02122007-171339.
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Sanders, Daniel J. "Ohio consumers' profiles, willingness to pay, and attitudes regarding anaerobic digestion on dairy farms". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1242830489.
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Hudson, Michael David. "Farmer survivability in Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80049.
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A study focusing on farm financial stress in Virginia was conducted to provide information to educators. The financial situation of Virginia farmers during the 1980's was reviewed. The years 1983, 1984, and 1985 were determined to be the time during the 1980s when farmers' financial situations were most severely stressed.
Attention was directed towards corn, soybean, and wheat farmers since this group was readily identifiable as being financially stressed. Fifteen personal interviews of farmers were conducted in seven counties where the majority of these crops are grown. For comparison purposes, part of the interviews were conducted with individuals who are still farming and part with individuals who were forced to exit farming due to financial adversity.
Comparing the information gathered from farmers in a favorable financial condition with the information gathered from those farmers in a vulnerable financial condition, some factors that helped farmers survive the agricultural depression of the 1980’s were discovered. Farmers in favorable financial condition are superior managers, operate timely businesses, borrow and spend conservatively, are more educated, have more years of farming experience, and use better financial and production recordkeeping practices. Access to marketing information is also important for farmer survivability. Producers in favorable financial condition own larger percentages of their operated land, and they utilize more family labor.Master of Science
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Nelani, Simphiwe. "Recapitalization on emerging farmers in the Cacadu District". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5736.
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An agricultural project as implemented by the DRDLR is seen as a strategy and an attempt to alleviate unemployment at improving lifestyle and livelihoods on farms. This study attempts to explore the impact of agricultural projects on alleviating unemployment in the Cacadu District in Grahamstown. The research topic attempts to establish whether these unemployment alleviation projects had sufficient impact and contributed to socio-economic developments of the emerging farmer. A sample of the respondents involved in an agricultural project funded through Recapitalization programme by DRDLR participated in this study. A purposive sampling method was used for this study. Data collected was gathered through semi-structured questionnaires. Related literature that focuses on agricultural projects for alleviation of unemployment has been reviewed. Various recommendations based on findings of the study have also been made. Among findings that were made, it emerged that the Recapitalisation Programme has not made sufficient impact on the alleviation of unemployment. Findings if the study indicates that beneficiaries were not trained sufficiently with financial management skills which are key in equipping them to make substantial profits from their farm. The research findings indicated that the strategies that were used by the department through Recapitalisation were not effective enough to achieve the desired outcomes of alleviation of unemployment.
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Tunyi, Abongeh Akumbom. "Takeover likelihood modelling : target profile and portfolio returns". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5445/.
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This thesis investigates four interrelated research issues in the context of takeover likelihood modelling. These include: (1) the determinants of target firms’ takeover likelihood, (2) the extent to which targets can be predicted using publicly available information, (3) whether target prediction can form the basis of a profitable investment strategy, and – if not – (4) why investing in predicted targets is a suboptimal investment strategy. The research employs a UK sample of 32,363 firm-year observations (consisting of 1,635 target and 31,737 non-target firm-year observations) between 1988 and 2010. Prior literature relies on eight (old) hypotheses for modelling takeover likelihood – determinants of takeover likelihood. Consistent with prior studies, I find that takeover likelihood increases with the availability of free cash flow (Powell (1997, 2001, 2004)), the level of tangible assets (Ambrose and Megginson (1992)) and management inefficiency (Palepu (1986)), but decreases with firm age (Brar et al. (2009)). The empirical evidence lends no support to the firm undervaluation, industry disturbance, growth-resource mismatch or firm size hypotheses (Palepu (1986)). I extend prior research by developing eleven (new) hypotheses for target prediction. Consistent with the new hypotheses, I find evidence that takeover likelihood is an inverse U-shaped function of firm size, leverage and payroll burden. Takeover likelihood also increases with share repurchase activity, market liquidity and stock market performance and decreases with industry concentration. As anticipated, the new hypotheses improve the within-sample classification and out-of-sample predictive abilities of prior takeover prediction models. This study also contributes to the literature by exploring the effects of different methodological choices on the performance of takeover prediction models. The analyses reveal that the performance of prediction models is moderated by different modelling choices. For example, I find evidence that the use of longer estimation windows (e.g., a recursive model), as well as, portfolio selection techniques which yield larger holdout samples (deciles and quintiles) generally result in more optimal model performance. Importantly, I show that some of the methodological choices of prior researchers (e.g., a one-year holdout period and a matched-sampling methodology) either directly biases research findings or results in suboptimal model performance. Additionally, there is no evidence that model parameters go stale, at least not over a ten-year out-of-sample test period. Hence, the parameters developed in this study can be employed by researchers and practitioners to ascribe takeover probabilities to UK firms. Despite the new model’s success in predicting targets, I find that, consistent with the market efficiency hypothesis, predicted target portfolios do not consistently earn significant positive abnormal returns in the long run. That is, despite the high target concentrations achieved, the portfolios generate long run abnormal returns which are not statistically different from zero. I extend prior literature by showing that these portfolios are likely to achieve lower than expected returns for five reasons. First, a substantial proportion of each predicted target portfolio constitutes type II errors (i.e., non-targets) which, on average, do not earn significant positive abnormal returns. Second, the portfolios tend to hold a high number of firms that go bankrupt leading to a substantial decline in portfolio returns. Third, the presence of poorly-performing small firms within the portfolios further dilutes its returns. Fourth, targets perform poorly prior to takeover bids and this period of poor performance coincides with the portfolio holding period. Fifth, targets that can be successfully predicted tend to earn lower-than-expected holding period returns, perhaps, due to market-wide anticipation. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by developing new hypotheses for takeover prediction, by advancing a more robust methodological framework for developing and testing prediction models and by empirically explaining why takeover prediction as an investment strategy is, perhaps, a suboptimal strategy.
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Coyle, Nelson. "Quota values and investment decisions of dairy farmers : a Delphi application". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55699.
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Kurbis, Gordon Allan. "An economic analysis of tilapia production by small-scale farmers in rural Honduras". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0027/MQ51735.pdf.
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Tikabo, Mahari Okbasillassie. "Land tenure in the highlands of Eritrea, economic theory and empirical evidence". [Ås, Norway] : Norges landbrukshøgskole, 2003. http://www.nlh.no/ios/Publikasjoner/avhandling/a2003-3.pdf.
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Thesis--Norges Landbrukshøgskole, Institutt for økonomi og samfunnsfag, 2003.Title from title screen (viewed June 1, 2004). Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-204). Also issued in print format.
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Khalil, Kamal. "Water surface profile modelling for Pinjarra flood diversion channel and economic evaluation". Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2455.
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Shire of Murray has concerns regarding the negative impact that a 100 year flood could have on existing structures built before 1997. The increase cost in construction due to landfill has an adverse effect on development in Pinjarra. Feasibility of constructing a diversion channel at upstream of Murray River to attenuate the flood level from 1 in 100 year ARI to 1 in 50 year ARI, was investigated by Kiong (2003). The Murray River Water Surface Profile along three kilometres south of Greenlands Road was modelled. Flood damages on each flood occurrence were assessed and Average Annual Damage (AAD) was calculated. The AAD is used to estimate the monetary benefit against the construction cost of the diversion channel. Groundwater along Greenlands and Fauntleroy Drains was also modelled to determine the viable depth of the designed channel, as well as the analysis of backwater. The proposed channel is designed at different scenarios (invert level at breakout point, culvert or causeway design, and diversion channel variations). The benefit cost ratio of the proposed diversion channel is calculated. Other mitigation options are suggested including detention basins for structural measure, or building a new flood-proof township for non-structural measure.
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Khalil, Kamal. "Water surface profile modelling for Pinjarra flood diversion channel and economic evaluation". Curtin University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17589.
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Shire of Murray has concerns regarding the negative impact that a 100 year flood could have on existing structures built before 1997. The increase cost in construction due to landfill has an adverse effect on development in Pinjarra. Feasibility of constructing a diversion channel at upstream of Murray River to attenuate the flood level from 1 in 100 year ARI to 1 in 50 year ARI, was investigated by Kiong (2003). The Murray River Water Surface Profile along three kilometres south of Greenlands Road was modelled. Flood damages on each flood occurrence were assessed and Average Annual Damage (AAD) was calculated. The AAD is used to estimate the monetary benefit against the construction cost of the diversion channel. Groundwater along Greenlands and Fauntleroy Drains was also modelled to determine the viable depth of the designed channel, as well as the analysis of backwater. The proposed channel is designed at different scenarios (invert level at breakout point, culvert or causeway design, and diversion channel variations). The benefit cost ratio of the proposed diversion channel is calculated. Other mitigation options are suggested including detention basins for structural measure, or building a new flood-proof township for non-structural measure.
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Dillon, Patrick James. "Agriculture and environment in the Wessex chalklands : the Rawlences, farmers and land agents c1810-1901". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280673.
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Duncan, Anthony Ray. "Probability of economic success for Netherlands dairy farmers moving operations to the United States". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1410.
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Dairy producers in the Netherlands are struggling to stay in business due to
increased environmental legislation, population density, intensity of farming systems,
costs of production and quota restrictions. One option available to Netherlands dairy
farmers is to liquidate the value of their assets, put the money into an international bank,
and buy an established dairy farm in the United States. The primary objective of this
research is to compare the economic viability of a Netherlands dairy farmer staying in
the Netherlands versus moving to the United States, assuming they will bring over all of
their equity to put towards the purchase of a U.S. farm.
The hypothesis that a Dutch dairy farmer would have a greater probability of
economic success by relocating to the U.S was tested using a whole farm simulation
model (FLIPSIM) to simulate the economic activity of a representative dairy farm in the
Netherlands and 23 representative U.S. dairy farms in the major dairy producing regions
over the 2002-2011 planning horizon. FLIPSIM generated an empirical probability
distribution for net present value to rank the representative farms using stochastic
efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) for risk neutral and risk averse decision
makers.
The FLIPSIM results showed that six of the twenty-three U.S. dairy farms would
give the Dutch farmer a 99% chance of economic success. The added risk on income in
the U.S. would result in these U.S. farms having a 1 to 99% chance of negative ending
cash reserves (ECR) and a 1 to 99% chance of negative net cash farm income (NCFI).
In a complete SERF analysis, seventeen of the twenty-three U.S. farms were preferred
over the Dutch farm. In conclusion, the research shows Dutch dairy farmers with
adequate equity would be financially better off by relocating to the U.S. if they desire to
continue dairying, rather than staying in the Netherlands.
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Samuel, Aurelia F. "Economic impact of improved irrigation technology for small scale farmers in north-west Nigeria". Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541959.
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Kosar, Gizem. "An Analysis Of Homeownership Profile Of Turkey". Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610706/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the tenure choice behavior of Turkish household heads over the period between 1985 and 2000, using a method of logit. The probability of owning the housing unit an individual lives in, is modeled by using demographic, labor market, migrational characteristics of the household head and the provincial differences as the explanatory variables. The results show that age and education of the household heads are positively correlated with probability of homeownership and they are the most influential factors determining the tenure choice of Turkish households and the discrepancy in the homeownership rates of the regions. The empirical analysis also displays that internal migrants have lower probabilities than natives and the length of stay matters the most for the tenure choice of internal migrants.
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Usman, Abdullah. "Socio-economic factors influencing farmers' adoption of a new technology : the case study on the groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia". Title page, Abstract and Contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09au86.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 146-153. This thesis analyses factors influencing farmers use of groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia. It aims to identify the determinants of the speed of technology adoption, to identify factors affecting the levels of water use and to estimate the state of water use by comparing the actual water use to the estimated optimal water use.
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Gerbasi, Gina Terese. "The Hidden Value of Farmers Markets: A Case Study of the Economic, Social, and Cultural Aspects of the Athens Farmers Market in Athens, Ohio". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391599685.
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Ganelin, Daniela Ida. "Differences in online course usage and IP geolocation bias by local economic profile". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123140.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 82-86).
Although Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) have the promise to make rigorous higher education accessible to everyone, prior research has shown that registrants tend to come from backgrounds of higher socioeconomic status. In this work, I study geographically granular economic patterns in registration for HarvardX and MITx courses, and in the accuracy of identifying users' locations from their IP addresses. Using ZIP Codes identified by the MaxMind IP geolocation database, I find that per-capita registration rates correlate with economic prosperity and population density. Comparing these ZIP Codes with user-provided mailing addresses, I find evidence of bias in MaxMind geolocation: it makes greater errors, both geographically and economically, for users from more economically distressed areas; it disproportionately geolocates users to prosperous areas; and it underestimates the regressive pattern in MOOC registration. Similar economic biases may affect IP geolocation in other academic, commercial, and legal contexts.
by Daniela Ida Ganelin.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Ghosh, Prasasti. "Demographic profile and changing occupational character and economic status of the Santals of Birbhum district". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/116.
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Solis-Fallas, Geovanny. "Economic, financial, and statistical applications in measuring firm performance: the case of Ohio commercial farmers /". The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487854314872337.
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Bingham, Cody D. "A Comparison Of The Economic Profitability Of Specified Risk Management Alternatives For Intermountain West Farmers". DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/164.
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The purpose of this research is to provide quantitative and limited qualitative analysis for the United States Intermountain West on the economic effectiveness of risk management alternatives in an agricultural operation. This research is not meant to be an exhaustive comparison of every potential combination of alternatives and risk scenarios. Instead, specific parameters such as farm size, crops grown, risk attitudes and risk management strategies are set to guide the research and offer a basis of comparison. This research evaluates several levels of coverage using Multiple Peril Crop Insurance, Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance, Adjusted Gross Revenue - Lite Insurance and a limited interaction of the futures market. Microsoft Excel and the add-in Simetar was used to perform the quantitative analysis. A set of spreadsheets were created to allow a variety of data to be easily input and manipulated. The values used in this research were based on the 2002 Census of Agriculture to create a "typical" farm considered in Box Elder County, Utah. The results generated were sorted and ranked according to four decision criteria in relation to the net income observed in each simulated scenario. These include: the probability that net income will exceed $0; a maxi-min; a maxi-max; and the maximum positive net income at a probability of occurrence of 0.5, resembling a Safety-First criterion. The later three decision criterion used correspond to risk attitudes that may be possessed by a producer: risk adverse, risk preferring or seeking, and risk neutral respectively. The quantitatively "best" observed results were then qualitatively compared to the next "best" result. In general the conclusion is made that some strategy is better than no strategy and the "best" risk management strategy is one compatible with the risk attitude of the producer and the parameters of the farm in consideration. There is no single strategy for all decision criterions that consistently outperforms all other strategies considered in this research.
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Endeley, Joyce Bayande Mbongo. "Women farmers'perceptions of the economic problems influencing their productivity in agricultural systems : Meme Division of the southwest province, Cameroon /". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487326511716681.
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Boonzaaier, Jan-Willem. "A framework for the improved competitiveness of resource poor farmers". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2576.
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Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.South Africa has a two-fold agricultural sector consisting of large-scale, industrialised, commercial farmers, as well as small-scale, resource poor subsistence farmers. One of the aspirations of the post-1994 South African Government is to rectify the imbalances in South African agriculture, where less than 20% of the farmers produce more than 80 % of total national agricultural products. In an attempt to improve supply from previously disadvantaged farmers, a land redistribution programme was launched with the goal of transferring 30% of total agricultural land to black farmers by 2014. However, farmers that are beneficiaries of the land transformation and redistribution programme often struggle to sustain the previous levels of productivity of the land. This is due to inexperience in macro-agriculture as well as a lack of resources. In such cases the beneficiaries revert back to subsistence type farming on previously productive and successful commercial farms. This phenomenon can have a devastating effect on the country’s food security, Gross Domestic Product, unemployment rates and the farmer’s prosperity and development opportunities. By reverting to small-scale farming, access to formal marketing chains is also restricted because of the economies of scales required to sustain a competitive supply to these markets. Urgent strategies are therefore required to improve the competitiveness of farmers who farm on a small scale due to restricted resources and inexperience. In this regard two proven theories to analyse industries for improved competitiveness exist, namely value chain analysis and clustering. Both are investigated in this study in order to determine their suitability for application in the emerging farming sector of South Africa. Value chain analysis has been widely applied to production and manufacturing industries (including agricultural production and agri-food manufacturing) to scrutinise production processes. Valuable insight into an industry’s strong and weak points can be gained by studying various factors. These include the inputs required for the manufacturing of the final product, the steps or processes required in the chain of events, the value added in each step, the contributors in the chain, as well as the linkages between the contributors. Knowledge is also gained regarding chain and process optimisation potential for improved competitiveness. The clustering of small firms to improve their ability to compete in formal markets has received a significant amount of academic interest over the past 100 years. In this regard it is important to determine the factors that influence competitiveness, and to develop strategies to improve the potential of small-scale manufacturing firms to compete with larger scale enterprises. The clustering or grouping of small firms to co-operate with each other and to compete against larger firms – as opposed to competing against each other – has resulted in improved competitiveness for many small firms across the world. A number of common key success factors for improving the competitiveness of smallscale, resource poor farmers are identified in this study through the investigation of a host of case studies. The results from these case studies also provide adequate evidence that the analysis and upgrading of value chains, as well as the promotion of collective action by small farmers, are key components for improving competitiveness and market access. This study focuses on the development of a framework to guide the development of strategies for improving competitiveness amongst small-scale, resource poor farming industries, including a production cost analysis sheet to calculate the competitiveness of farmers in this sub-sector. The Framework is also evaluated for its functionality by looking at the implementation thereof amongst a group of emerging farmers in the Western Cape.
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Yuksel, Nalan. "Constructing a green revolution : a socio-technical analysis of input-support programmes for smallholder farmers in Western Kenya". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45224/.
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This thesis presents a critical reflection on what is meant by a 'Green Revolution' within the current, narrow 'productivity-technology fix' paradigm. It shows the current focus on productivity is creating a limited view of technology as the principal means to address food insecurity in Africa, as opposed to a more comprehensive view that takes into account economic, social and political factors. The research combines a socio-technical systems approach with an actor-oriented analysis to examine two input-support programmes in Kenya. It focuses on input-support programmes due to the current interest in subsidies as the mechanism to address food insecurity and deliver agricultural technologies to smallholder farmers. It examines the political, social and institutional factors that influence the creation, design and implementation of these programmes. A multi-level approach (global, national and local) is used to map out the key narratives and actor networks operating in and across the different levels to highlight the dynamic interactions as they come together through these programmes. The thesis demonstrates how intermediary factors (institutions, policy and social networks) significantly affect programme outcomes. The two case studies show that policy and practice often diverge through changing actors, networks and funding flows. Each programme implementation is mediated through socially differentiated beneficiaries, creating interactions that unfold in numerous ways due to distinct social, political and economic factors, as well as to unique institutional and delivery mechanisms. The evidence suggests that technology-based programmes that fail to take account of these critical factors will encounter difficulties in uptake. Therefore, policymakers must consider context-specific approaches that appreciate the diversity of local conditions and the importance of socio-economic, institutional and political factors. The underlying message is that the impact of agricultural technologies on the practices and perceptions of smallholder farmers cannot be understood in isolation; end users constantly adapt technologies through complex social interpretations, local institutions and political processes.
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Dwyer, Allan. "An economic profile of Fogo Island planters and the Slade Merchant Company, 1785-1805 /". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61903.
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Paramita, Puteri. "Modelling commuters' mode choice: Integrating travel behaviour, stated preferences, perception, and socio-economic profile". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122227/1/Puteri_Paramita_Thesis.pdf.
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Understanding of the shift behaviours are critical to formulate effective policies to encourage mode shift and anticipate the increasing demands of public transport services impacted by the shifting behaviours. This study aims to investigate the mode choice behaviour of commuters by utilising the nation-wide survey of commuters in Australia and employing the state-of-the-art Multinomial Logit Models. This study has investigated three critical choice behaviours issues: commuters' satisfaction towards train fare, consistency between commuters' current behaviours against their future preferences, and policy interventions to influence mode shift. Its findings have demonstrated significant theoretical and practical contributions to the commuters' choice behaviours.
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Chiromo, John. "The impact of farm input subsidies on economic efficiency of maize production in Malawi". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28359.
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The study analyzed the impact of the farm input subsidy programme (FISP) on the technical, allocative and economic efficiency and determining factors associated with these efficiencies of 12, 271 smallholder maize farmers from 2010 IHS3 dataset in Malawi. Descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier approach as and a Cobb-Douglas production function were applied. Yield responsiveness to production inputs was estimated by computing input elasticities. The findings indicate that technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers ranged from 15.7 to 78.9 with a mean of 61.3 percent reflecting a substantial level of inefficiency. The allocative efficiency scores were between 23.5 and 86.2 with a mean of 66.9 percent reflecting a substantial level of allocative inefficiency. The economic efficiency scores were between 14.1 and 74.6 with amean of 59.2 percent reflecting a substantial economical inefficiency. An estimated return to scale was 0.87 indicating that during the period under review, smallholder maize farming decreased by about 13 percent. The results of second stage Tobit regression estimations indicates that the FISP programme improved the efficiencies of maize farmers in Malawi. In addition, t farmers’ age, farming experience, education years, having an income generating activity and receiving remittance were also identified as significant drivers of production capacity of smallholder farmers maize. However, farmers’ marital status, family size and distance to the market had a negative impact on smallholder farmers’ capacity in maize production. Smallholder farmers in Malawi were experiencing a decreased return to scale meaning that they were technical, allocative and economically inefficient in maize production. From the findings, among other issues to be considered for the improvement of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of maize production among smallholders farmers, the government should support only energetic farmers, make farm inputs available and accessible to farmers, continued advocacy on v adoption of family planning to reduce population growth to carter for scarcity of resources, increase and enhance extension services to help in educating these smallholder farmers in handling new technologies associated with modern agriculture, encourage them to engage in IGAs to complement FISP in purchasing farm inputs, increased and extended cash transfer program to economically empower these smallholder farmers.
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Mokgalabone, M. S. "Analyzing the technical and allocative efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen Municipality of Mopani District: a cobb-douglas and logistic regression approach". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1215.
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Thesis (M.Sc (Agricultural Economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2015Agriculture plays an important role in uplifting the economy of South Africa. Small-scale farmers in rural areas are linked with poverty and operate inefficiently due to over or under utilization of some of the factors of production. This study aimed at analysing the technical and allocative efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality. The objectives of the study were: (i) To assess the level of technical and allocative efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality, (ii) To identify socio-economic factors affecting the efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality and (iii) to investigate the areas of improvement with regard to the operational management of the small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality. The study employed the Cobb-Douglas production function and the logistic regression model to analyse data. The Cobb-Douglas production function results revealed that small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality are technically efficient in the production of maize with the highest mean technical efficiency value of 0.71%. The study further revealed that farmers were allocatively inefficient with a mean allocative efficiency value of 0.39%. The logistic regression analysis revealed important variables such as the level of education (1.05), experience in farming (2.74), access to irrigation water (0.59), purchase of hybrid seed (0.74), access to credit (2.13) and extension visits (0.85) were positively significant towards the efficiency of farmers. Variables such as gender of the farmer (-1.79) and off-farm income (-2.72) were found to be negatively significant towards the efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen Municipality. The findings obtained in this study could be quite useful to policy makers. This study recommend that there is a need for more visits from the extension officers as well as training on inputs allocation, since variables like Seed (0.41), fertilizer (0.17), capital (0.71) and expenses (-0.204) were found to be inefficiently allocated in the production of maize. The provision of easy, quick and adequate credit deserves to be a top priority on the agenda of policy makers since most small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality does not receive off-farm income. Small-scale farmers in Tzaneen municipality also need to have access to enough arable land in order to increase production. Small-scale farmers in South Africa and other developing countries contribute to employment creation and food security in the households, therefore, it is important that government fully support such farmers.
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Gonzalez, Alvarez Eleazar U. "Economic and social foundations of collective action an inter-disciplinary institutional approach to Mexican dairy farmers /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4816.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 13, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Mbwika, James M. "Kenya smallholder farmer education and farm productivity". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29578.
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This research was undertaken to study the effect of education on small farm revenues and profits in Kenya. Schooling (defined as the number of school standards completed by the farm operator) was used as the most important source of education. It was hypothesized that schooling has a positive effect on farm revenues and profits. The effect of other sources of information viz; extension contact, demonstration attendance and baraza attendance on farm revenues and profits were also investigated.
The research was done using regression analysis where these variables and other farm activity relevant variables were fitted in regression equations. The choice of these variables
were based on economic theory, Kenya small farm characteristics and the objective of the study. Several factors would qualify as supporting evidence for the argument that educated farmers are more productive. We expect educated farmers to be more informed in terms of use of new production technologies. Education as a source of human capital also enhances the productive abilities of human beings and also enables those who have invested in education to use their resources more efficiently as well as adjusting to new "ways of producing more efficiently".
In the current study we find that schooling of the farm operator is positively related to level of expenditure on farm purchased variable inputs. This indicates that education enhances adoption of new technologies and innovativeness. Further it was shown that farmers with more education earned more value added per acre from their farm business compared to their less educated counterparts. On the overall farm activity, farmers with eight or more standards of schooling earned upto 80.2% in value added per acre compared to those who had no schooling.
The regression estimates were done on a stepwise procedure where farm specific enterprises
were estimated separately and then aggregated and estimated as one farm sector. Thus a crop equation, a livestock equation and a total farm output equation were estimated.
This model was then developed into a variable profit function. A simple linear function procedure was used in the regression analysis.
In all the estimated value added equations the schooling coefficient was positive and significant at 5% level two tail t-test. As we move from farm specific activities to a farm aggregate output model and lastly to value added model the schooling coefficient increased in size confirming the positive role of education in allocative effect. These results show that schooling plays an important role in allocation of other purchased inputs and also choice of crop mix and input selection. The estimated marginal return to schooling of farm operator in the profit function was Kshs.281. In an earlier function where schooling of the farm operator was fitted into a total farm income equation the estimated marginal return to schooling was Kshs.778.89.
When schooling of the farm operator is allowed to interact with extension service the estimated interaction variable coefficient is negative showing the two act as substitute sources of knowledge, and the schooling coefficient increased in size showing that those who had both schooling and extension service earned comparatively more farm revenues.
The role of other educative factors like extension service, demonstration attendance, and baraza attendance in influencing agricultural production was investigated. Regression
results showed that extension contact had a negative and significant effect on farm revenues and profits. Demonstration and baraza attendance had similar effects on farm revenues and profits.
In the value added function hired labour variable was fitted as the cost of hired labour per day. The estimated coefficient for this variable was positive and significant at 5%. The estimated coefficient for this variable shows hired labour is not optimally used, and farmers can increase their farm profits by hiring more labour. When this variable was fitted as the wage rate paid to hired labour per day the estimated coefficient was positive and significant. These results indicate that cost of hired labour depends on its quality. In the sales function hired labour was specified as mandays of hired labour per year and the estimated coefficient which reflects the shadow price of labour was higher than average hired labour wage rate implying that this factor is underemployed.
In the sales function the estimated coefficient for the value of purchased inputs variable indicates that there is an element of underutilization of these inputs. This variable is fitted in value terms and in profit maximizing conditions the estimated coefficient is expected to be no different from unit. However, the estimated coefficient for this variable is approximately 2.5 showing a shilling spent on purchased inputs will bring forth 2.5 shillings. Thus an increase in the use of purchased inputs will increase farm revenues.
Results show evidence of regional differences in farmer productivity and utilization of purchased inputs in favour of Central province.
The study is based on the 1982 CBS-IDS-World Bank Household Survey of Rural Kenya data set.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Habibie, Hasnawaty, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College y School of Environment and Agriculture. "Participatory action research to improve the livelihood of rural people through livestock production in South Sulawesi, Indonesia". THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Habibie_H.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/570.
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This research was conducted within the context of smallholder livestock production and government attempts to improve this through a transfer of technology approach. Participatory action research (PAR) was used to enable action for change to emerge, while the research provided understanding and a basis for this action. Tombolo village in South Sulawesi, Indonesia was the location for this research, which first identified the problems and needs of the farmers, and then participatively developed strategies to meet these needs. Fodder security throughout the year was found to be the major constraint to cattle production. Forage technology was introduced, including fodder tree legumes and grasses, resulting in improved livestock production and many associated livelihood benefits. The introduction of these new technologies was adapted by stakeholders to local issues and needs. The extension services had previously aimed to improve livestock production through breeding and veterinary health measures, and had assumed that sufficient fodder was available for livestock. The formation of a learning group of farmers, who used group discussion to set their own agenda, was employed to identify this shortcoming, and how to sustainably overcome it. Participants were able to apply their experience and enhance their cognitive skills to find new meanings and knowledge to plan and take actions to improve their practice and situation. This thesis documents the process of change required to move from a “Transfer of Technology” approach to a “learning approach”. The research has shown that there is considerable potential for the application of PAR to rural community development in Indonesia. More specifically in Tombolo village PAR enabled farmers and extension staff to be empowered by becoming active participants in the research process and take action to improve their own practice. It helped them to analyse the situation to make the technology more appropriate, while also learning how to change the extension methods used towards one in which all stakeholders became partners in developing their situationDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Mathenge, Mary W. Kiiru. "Essays on off-farm labor market participation, farm production decisions and household economic wellbeing empirical evidence from rural Kenya /". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Hals, Ludvig. "Den sociala rörligheten bland frälse- respektive skattebönder i Björklinge socken 1786–1848". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179814.
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Between 1750 and 1850 the population of Sweden doubled. The increase was very unequally distributed among the different social groups of the rural population. The number of peasants grew very little, while the numbers of the landless (crofters, bordars etc.) more than quadrupled. This study examines whether Christer Winberg's thesis of the landless growth can be applied to Björklinge parish in Uppland. Winberg believes that it was mainly children of tenant farmers who became landless. Tax Farmers fell less often and less deeply. To be able to see any particular trends among tenant farmers, I also examine the social mobility of tax farmers. I have therefore chosen three villages with different tax-Axlunda and Gränby is of nobility nature while Hammarby is a village of a fiscal nature. The results show that the two tenant villages, Axlunda and Gränby had two different trends regarding social tenant farmers movement after 1821 onwards. The farmers in Axlunda experienced a strong downward social mobility, while the peasants in Gränby stayed on their farms to a greater extent. In Hammarby it differed significantly between the peasants. The farmers could both move up and down in the social hierarchy.
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Rangel, Oscar O. "A profile of the construction equipment industry in Mexico a perspective for manufacturers of construction equipment /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2245.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 121 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-86).
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Gwaze, Francisca Rumosa. "Communal production systems of goats raised by resource-poor farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/172.
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Goats significantly contribute towards the subsistence, economic and social livelihoods of many resource-poor farmers in developing countries, the majority of which own goats. There, however, is dearth of information on communal goat production potential and roles to the rural populace. The broad objective of the study was to evaluate production practices, constraints, production efficiency and to determine nutritional and health status of goats raised by resource-poor communal farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Roles and management systems of goats, goat flock dynamics and, prevalence and loads of gastrointestinal infections and the nutritional status of goats in the study areas were determined. The relationships among body weight, body condition score, faecal egg counts and, haematological and biochemical profiles were also determined. Mean goat flock sizes per household were similar between the two districts studied; Amatole (14.0 ± 0.31) and Alfred Nzo (14.1 ± 1.42). Seventy-nine percent of households in Amatole and 78% in Alfred Nzo kept goats for ceremonies, such as the initiation ceremonies. Goat houses in the two districts were poorly constructed. Thirty two percent of farmers in Alfred Nzo district and 27% in Amatole district reported low buck to doe ratios, suggesting that inbreeding might have been reducing productivity of their flocks. Kid mortality had two major peaks; in May (21%) and in September (21%). Goat production potential (GPP), the proportion of mature and growing goats to the total flock size, was affected by gender of owner of goats. Goats owned by female had a significantly lower GPP value of 0.63 ± 0.015 than goats owned by male farmers (0.70 ± 0.010). Month also significantly affected GPP with the highest (P < 0.05) GPP recorded in May, June and July and the lowest in March and April. Village affected GPP with values for Nkosana and Qawukeni being significantly higher than for Mankone. Goat production potential was also higher (P < 0.05) in small flocks (0.04 ± 0.008) than in large flocks (0.02 ± 0.008). Goat production efficiency (GPE) ranged from 0.11 ± 0.193 in April to 1.55 ± 0.193 in December. The most prevalent gastrointestinal eggs were the strongyle egg type (68.4 ± 8.49 in Qawukeni and 96.1 ± 12.01 in Nkosana) followed by coccidia (53.3 ± 8.76 in Qawukeni and 68.8 ± 8.00 in Mankone). The other identified nematodes were Strongyloides and Trichostrongylus egg types. The trematodes observed were Fasciola and Paramphistomum species. High loads of strongyle eggs were observed in the hot-wet season and the post-rainy season, whilst the other egg types showed a peak in the hot-wet season only. For most of the gastrointestinal parasite eggs, prevalence was higher (P < 0.05) in the sour rangeland compared to the sweet rangeland. Higher (P < 0.05) levels of total protein (TP), globulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine kinase (CK) levels were recorded in the wet than in the dry season. Body condition scores were positively correlated (P < 0.05) to albumin, body weight and packed cell volume. However, body condition scores were negatively correlated to TP, glucose, alanine transaminase (ALT) and AST. Strongyle egg loads were positively correlated to FAMACHA scores, packed cell volume, body weight and body condition score. The observed high globulin levels suggested a chronic health challenge. Thus, it is fundamental to devise affordable interventions for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in communal goats leading to improved goat productivity and hence rural livelihood
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Davis, Deidra Denice. "Access to Fresh Foods: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Illinois Farmers' Markets Participating in Government Funded Food Assistance Programs". OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/818.
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The USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program's (SNAP) strives to connect SNAP recipients to local and healthful food sold at Farmers' markets. These efforts are an attempt to provide families, struggling to make ends meet, access to healthy foods and food purchasing power via the Federal Food Stamp program. However, of the 288 listed farmers' markets in Illinois only 25 are listed as SNAP/EBT accepting markets (2010 National Farmers Market Directory). The first part of this study uses the 61st Street Farmers Market as a case study, investigating the practical market operations and interpreting their method of EBT implementation to provide an established model of an existing and thriving farmers' market. Next, I will investigate the socio-economic characteristics (population, race, employment, income, poverty, education, age, and SNAP recipients) of Illinois farmers' markets accepting EBT. I will compare this data to other Illinois Farmers' markets that do not accept EBT and assess which non-accepting market locations would be most suitable for implementing EBT usage in the future. Finally, based on my case study and statistical analysis, I will discuss recommendations for farmers' markets to accept EBT into their markets. Findings indicate that there is no significant difference between the mean ranks of the socio-economic characteristics for the EBT and non-EBT accepting farmers' markets. Of the 8 socio-economic characteristics tested, the populations of SNAP recipients were analogous for each group: EBT and Non-EBT accepting farmers' markets.
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Roelofse, Johannes Jacobus (Hanno). "Economic feasibility study of the establishment of smallholder pig farmers for the commercial market : Empolweni case study". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85703.
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Thesis (MScEng)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Food security is a national priority, according to Section 27 of the South African Constitution. It states: “Every citizen has the right to have access to sufficient food and water, and that the state must by legislation and other measures, within its available resources, avail to progressive realisation of the right to sufficient food.” Nevertheless, while food security is clearly a government priority and regardless of the country being considered as self-sufficient in respect of food production, food insecurity remains a dire South African challenge. This study presents the improvement of smallholder pig farmers to a commercial standard with funding from the government as a potential means to address poverty and food insecurity in South Africa. Commercial standard pig farms as opposed to smallholder pig farms provide increased employment, food production, biosecurity and food safety. This investigative study evaluates the economic feasibility of a smallholder commercial pig farm in the Mamre area. The Empolweni community’s pig farmers serve as the case study and as an example of a typical smallholder pig farming community. Their current operations are studied, the requirements for a conversion to a commercial standard are assessed and the profitability and sustainability of the proposed commercial model is judged. The study’s findings indicate that specific scenarios (high production performance, large pig farm unit sizes, pork price increases or feed costs reductions) a commercial smallholder pig farm can achieve economic feasibility. However, trends indicate that there is low likelihood of the required conditions to achieve economic feasibility will be able to occur. The thesis judges only the potential economic feasibility of the case study, as opposed to the economic feasibility of commercial smallholder pig farmers on a national or regional level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voedsel sekuriteit is ‘n nasionale prioriteit en vorm deel van die Artikel 27 Grondwetlike regte in Suid-Afrika. Die Grondwet stel dat elke landsburger die reg op toegang tot voldoende voedsel en water het en dat die staat deur middel van wetgewing en ander maatreëls, binne sy beskikbare middele, progressiewe verwesenliking van die reg op voldoende voedsel moet laat geskied. Nietemin, alhoewel voedsel sekuriteit ongetwyfeld ‘n prioriteit van die regering is en ten spyte daarvan dat Suid-Afrika as selfonderhoudend ten opsigte van voedselproduksie gesien word, heers onvoldoende voedsel sekuriteit steeds. Hierdie studie stel die volgende moontlike oplossing voor: Suid-Afrikaanse kleinskaalse varkboere moet hul bedrywighede opgradeer na 'n kommersiële standaard. Verskeie redes kan gegee word waarom hierdie oplossing 'n gangbare opsie bied om armoede en voedselsekuriteit in Suid-Afrika teë te werk. Kommersiële varkboere, in teenstelling met kleinskaalse varkboere, bied verhoogde vlakke van voedselproduksie, werkskepping, biosekuriteit en veiliger voedingsbronne. Hierdie studie poog om die ekonomiese gangbaarheid van ‘n kleinskaalse kommersiële varkplaas in die Mamre omgewing te bepaal. Die Empolweni gemeenskap se varkboere dien as 'n gevallestudie van ‘n tipiese kleinskaalse varkboerdery gemeenskap. Hul huidige bedrywighede is ondersoek, die benodighede vir ‘n opgradering is bepaal en die winsgewendheid en volhoubaarheid van die kommersiële model is beoordeel. Bevindings toon dat vir spesifieke gevalle (hoë produksievlakke, groot varkplaaseenhede, varkprys verhogings en voerkoste verlagings) ‘n kommersiële kleinskaalse varkplaas ekonomiese gangbaarheid kan behaal. Alhoewel, tendense toon dat daar ‘n lae waarskynlikheid is dat die nodige kondisie om ekonomiese gangbaarheid te behaal sal kan plaasvind. Die tesis oorweeg slegs die ekonomiese gangbaarheid van die gevallestudie. Die ekonomiese gangbaarheid van kleinskaalse varkboere op ‘n nasionale of streeksvlak word dus nie ingesluit nie.
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Catarino, Rui. "Modelling the effect of Bt maize introduction on pest dynamics, insecticide use and economic returns to farmers". Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68713/.
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The use of genetically engineered (GE) crops promises to deliver remarkable results from an environmental, economic and human health point of view. Presently, the world area planted with GE crops is devoted mainly to three sorts of genetic alteration, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance (IR) or a combination of both. In this thesis, the discussion focuses on genetically engineered insect resistant (GEIR) crops expressing toxins from the soil bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) producing Crystalline (Cry). The prevailing scientific opinion is that although GEIR crops carry a certain degree of uncertainty, the potential risks are not considerably different to those associated with insecticides. Given the current understanding, the actual dispute about the risks is based mainly on the potential long-term effects, including gene slipover, development of pest resistance and the impact on non-target organisms. A further concern is that insect species that are not susceptible to the expressed toxin will develop into secondary pests and cause significant damage to the crop. In this thesis, the causes and impact of secondary pest outbreak are reviewed, analysed and incorporated within a novel bio-economic modelling framework. The bio-economic model takes into consideration the dynamics of two pest insects competing for the same resource and the resultant impact on maize farmers’ net returns. The modelling developed culminates with the inclusion of spatial features explicitly represented. The resulting bio-economic spatially explicit population model evaluates the development and impact of an invasive species that is not susceptible to the insecticide toxin expressed by the transgenic crop. This work provides insights and future recommendations for academic research, policy makers and farmers regarding the control and management of a new incursion of hazard (non-native) species. The research undertaken in this thesis aims to fill an important research gap on the impact of secondary pests GEIR crops, in particularly Bt maize. Overall, the results show that the use of Bt maize could indeed bring economic benefits to farmers while decreasing the burden of insecticides. It is also demonstrated that farmers need to be conscious of the possibility of an outbreak of a secondary pest and the consequences of this on yields and farm profits. Depending on several factors, it may take a number of years for secondary pests to proliferate to relevant levels of importance, thus the need to understand pest dynamics.