Literatura académica sobre el tema "Economic Development Cooperation Fund (Korea)"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Economic Development Cooperation Fund (Korea)"
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Nurmetova, Fazilat. "DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN-SOUTH KOREA RELATIONS (2000-2020)". JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 6, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-6-5.
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The article states that the Uzbek-South Korean economic relations have reached a new level, in particular, the Joint Statement of the Heads of State on the comprehensive deepening of the Strategic Partnership, the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Human Resources, 2018-2020. Intergovernmental Agreement on Loans from the Fund for Economic Development and Cooperation and the Fund for Reconstruction and Development of Uzbekistan Export-Import Bank of Korea, an agreement on financial cooperation relations have been analyzed using scientific publications and Internet services.
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Hwang, Kyu-Deug. "Korea’s Soft Power as an Alternative Approach to Africa in Development Cooperation". African and Asian Studies 13, n.º 3 (16 de septiembre de 2014): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341298.
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* The first version of this paper was presented at the Fifth European Conference on African Studies (ecas 5), which was held on June 27-29, 2013 at iscte-iul Lisboa, Portugal. I am deeply grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments on the previous drafts. This work was supported by Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund of 2014. The rise of China as an emergent global power in gaining access to energy and mineral resources is one of the main factors for reinforcing Korea’s aid to Africa. Although Korea recognizes the limits of searching for ways of furthering its ‘resource diplomacy’ based primarily on economic pragmatism, the Korean government has strived to utilize foreign aid as a tool for soft power. Korea’s perspective is to play a bigger role in addressing global issues as well as to aspire in becoming a middle power, in the sense that it is not regionally influential in spite of its growing powers. Given that middle power diplomacy tends to pursue a norm-based approach and also provides knowledge and/or ideas relevant to a unique niche that it finds important, it is characteristically soft power-oriented. Taking into account the non-material or ideational factors as well as material ones, constructivists in the field of international relations (ir) recognize the power of ideas, norms, institutions, and interests, which contain the core elements of what Nye calls soft power. In this context, this paper attempts to illuminate some of the important questions as to why and how Korea has endeavored to focus on developing its soft power strategy toward Africa in the new millennium.
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Shabbir, Ghulam y Mumtaz Anwar. "Determinants of Corruption in Developing Countries". Pakistan Development Review 46, n.º 4II (1 de diciembre de 2007): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.751-764.
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Corruption is a limp in the walk of human progress. It is not a new phenomenon; it is as old as the history of mankind itself. The corruption made itself visible when the institution of the government was established. According to Glynn, et al. (1997), “…..no region, and hardly any country, has been immune from corruption”. Like a cancer, it strikes almost all parts of the society and destroys the functioning of vital organs, means cultural, political and economic structure of society Amundsen (1999). All this was proved by the major corruption scandals of France, Italy, Japan, Philippine, South Korea, Mexico, United States etc. These scandals bring the corruption problem on the agenda of major international institutions like International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organisation, Transparency International and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
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Mahdich, Alisa S. "POLICY RESPONSE OF ASIAN ECONOMIES TO COVID-2019 PANDEMIC: CHINA, THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, JAPAN". Academic Review 2, n.º 55 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2021-2-55-1.
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The countries of Northeast Asia were the first countries in the world, which faced the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, the epicenter of which was the city of Wuhan in the Chinese province of Hubei. As of the end of March, the spread of the pandemic has been brought under control. Compared to other sub-regions in Asia and the Pacific, Northeast Asia was relatively well prepared for COVID-19 in terms of health systems, access to basic services and connectivity. The national response to COVID-19 was quick and varied. The governments have adopted numerous policies to contain the spread of the virus, as well as to address growing socio-economic challenges and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. To respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, the governments of China, the Republic of Korea and Japan have leveraged an existing memorandum of cooperation and a joint action plan to implement joint responses to pandemic influenza and new and re-emerging infectious diseases. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessary containment measures have resulted in a sharp decline in economic activity, widespread loss of jobs and livelihoods and disruptions in the provision of basic services. In 2020, the countries in the region experienced a marked economic decline. After a significant drop in domestic demand and trade disruptions in the first half of 2020, the second half of 2020 was characterized by a gradual recovery in exports, there are currently signs of a recovery. The aim of current research was to investigate the practices of the three Asian countries – China, the Republic of Korea and Japan – in supporting businesses and citizens who found themselves in a difficult life situation due to the coronavirus, in order to identify optimal examples of economic policy during pandemic. The most effective measures to support the economy of China during the COVID-19 pandemic were food supply; control over the increase in the production; online services launched by the government. The most effective measures to support the economy of the Republic of Korea were: the Bank of Korea has cut its key rate to a record low benchmark; the Bank of Korea has provided the loans to the country’s commercial banks; the country’s government has allocated considerable funds to support South Korean SMEs; Korea Trade and Investment Promotion Agency has actively developed a global online trading platform; consumption taxes in case of car purchases have been reduced significantly to support the market; the enterprises with an annual turnover of less than Korean WON 60 million won have been provided with VAT exemptions. The most effective measures which have been taken by the government of Japan to were: there have been allocated USD 4.1 billion to support Japanese SMEs; there has been announced the development of a package of large-scale measures to support the country’s economy; there have been introduced special conditions for lending to SMEs; the activities of the companies involved in the fight against the pandemic have been subsidized; there has been introduced a simplified license renewal procedure for import/export and tariff quota certificates; the Bank of Japan has doubled up to USD 112 billion the exchange-traded fund (ETF) buyback program; a payment has been provided for the citizens who cannot work; a consulting service has been organized to support SMEs; for SMEs which were forced to send part of their employees on vacation or training, the state would cover the costs of forced leave in the amount of 4/5 during 100 days.
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Nguyen, Quoc Hunga y T. V. Lezhenina. "Economic Models of Mongolia and Vietnam: Common and Distinctive Features". Economics and Management 26, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-1-16-22.
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New economic models began to develop in Mongolia and Vietnam after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), when former Soviet republics formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Further development after the USSR’s dissolution was especially difficult for Mongolia, which almost entirely relied on the economic aid from the USSR. The US and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) immediately took advantage of the crisis in Mongolia. They offered tranches to Mongolia under the condition of complete democratization of political power and establishment of market-based development institutions within the framework of a standby arrangement. Vietnam embarked on a course of destroying the socialist model in 1986, i.e. before the USSR’s collapse, and its transition to a market economy was peculiar, yet significantly different from Mongolia’s.Aim. The presented study aims to examine the benefits and drawbacks of the economic models of Vietnam and Mongolia as well as their common and distinctive features.Methods. The study uses general methods of analyzing the international experience of transforming economic models.Results. The authors prove the efficiency of the current Mongolian and Vietnamese models in the context of global instability and crises. Emergence of new, highly efficient technological paradigms and absence of internal political protests in Mongolia and Vietnam ensure economic sustainability and high growth rate. Russia’s military aid to these countries also plays an important role.Conclusions. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia received substantial assistance from the United States and was able to maintain state independence and develop its economy under the market conditions of economic activity. Relying on cooperation with Russia and China, in the 21st century Mongolia engaged in the processes of integration in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The Vietnamese model was forming during the country’s participation in the ASEAN free trade zone and cooperation with the developed economies of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Unlike Mongolia, Vietnam retained full political leadership of the Communist party, the unity of its people, and support for the development of market economy. In confronting difficult challenges, Vietnam receives assistance from the Donor Club.
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Lee, Doyeon y Keunhwan Kim. "National Investment Framework for Revitalizing the R&D Collaborative Ecosystem of Sustainable Smart Agriculture". Sustainability 14, n.º 11 (25 de mayo de 2022): 6452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116452.
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Demographic, economic, and environmental issues, including climate change events, aging population, growing urban-rural disparity, and the COVID-19 pandemic, contribute to vulnerabilities in agricultural production and food systems. South Korea has designated smart agriculture as a national strategic investment, expanding investment in research and development (R&D) to develop and commercialize convergence technologies, thus extending sustainable smart agriculture and strengthening global competitiveness. Hence, this study probes the status of smart agricultural R&D investment from the perspectives of public funds, research areas, technologies, regions, organizations, and stakeholders. It examines 5646 public R&D projects worth USD 1408.5 million on smart agriculture in 17 regions and eight technology clusters from 2015 to 2021. Further, it proposes a pool of potential collaborative networks via a case study of strawberry, a representative veritable crop inspiring smart agriculture, to demonstrate the study framework’s usefulness in promoting smart agriculture and establishing a sustainable R&D collaboration ecosystem. The proposed framework, accordingly, allows stakeholders to understand and monitor the status of R&D investment from various perspectives. Moreover, given the insight into the tasks belonging to technical areas and regions that require sustainable cooperation in smart agriculture, central and local governments develop policies to reinforce sustainable smart-farming models.
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Lee, Sook-Jong. "Financial Restructuring in Korea and Japan: Resolution of Non-Performing Loans and Reorganization of Financial Institutions". Journal of East Asian Studies 2, n.º 2 (agosto de 2002): 143–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s159824080000093x.
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South Korea and Japan responded to their financial crisis of the late 1990s by restructuring financial institutions. Also, financial authorities were created to supervise financial institutions and lead financial restructuring. Financial restructuring focused on the resolution of non-performing loans that had been contributing to financial failures and on strengthening their equity capital bases for sound management. Huge amounts of public funds were mobilized to pursue these policy goals. The Korean government took more drastic measures by closing or merging many failing financial institutions. Financial restructuring also facilitated bank concentration in Korea — and Japan — giving births to several mega banks. Both governments of Korea and Japan encouraged bank concentration by allowing the establishment of a financial holding company. The Korean government was more actively involved in merging banks while Japanese bank mergers were taken by business initiatives.Financial restructuring is expected to bring more market oriented business practices among financial institutions and loosen cooperative ties among financial institutions, corporations, and financial bureaucracy in both countries. Close bank-corporation ties through main bank system and corporate networks within a business group are being loosened in Japan particularly since concerned parties have come to seek market rationality over loyalty. On the other hand, the intervention in financial sector and the mediation in bank-corporation relationship by financial bureaucracy are expected to be weakened in the case of Korea. Nevertheless, discretionary power of Korea's financial bureaucracy appears stronger for the time being since it took the helmsman of determining which financial institution is out of market.
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조봉현. "Development of Economic Zones in North Korea and Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation". Global Business Administration Review 12, n.º 1 (marzo de 2015): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17092/jibr.2015.12.1.139.
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Bae, Young-shik. "Soviet-South Korea economic cooperation following rapprochement". Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 10, n.º 1 (marzo de 1991): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03025050.
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Lee, Yong-Shik. "A Note on Economic Development in North Korea: Call for a Comprehensive Approach". Law and Development Review 12, n.º 1 (28 de enero de 2019): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0057.
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Abstract North Korea is currently one of the most impoverished countries with a history of famine, but the country has a significant potential for economic development that could lift its population from poverty. Neighbored by some of the largest and most advanced economies in the world (South Korea, Japan, and China) and endowed with abundant mineral resources, industrial experience, and a history of successful economic development in the past, North Korea can embark on the path to rapid economic development, as its southern counterpart (South Korea) did so successfully since the 1960s. Yet, the successful economic development of North Korea requires a comprehensive approach, including obtaining a fund for development; normalizing relations with the West and the neighboring countries; improving its human rights conditions; prioritizing key industrial development; and reforming its political-economic system. This note discusses the comprehensive approach necessary for the successful economic development of North Korea.
Tesis sobre el tema "Economic Development Cooperation Fund (Korea)"
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Belmont, Caroline J. "A Critical Examination of Oil Wealth Management Strategies and Their Effects on Economic Growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1331.
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Despite their natural resources, the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman) have failed to live up to their economic potential, primarily due to their dependence on a revenue source with volatile prices and political significance in an unstable region. This thesis argues that the best way to convert oil wealth into consistent long term growth is through diversification, both by investing in foreign assets and by growing domestic sectors that are independent from oil and gas prices. The research further investigates the primary tool these countries have used to do so – sovereign wealth funds – and how their implementation and structures have impacted their effectiveness in achieving economic diversification and growth.
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Kinyua, Caroline Gacheri. "Equity in Health Financing: Review of Health Care financing in Four organizations for economic cooperation development (OECD) countries, Canada, The republic of Korea, Mexico and the United Kingdom". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9395.
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Includes bibliographical references.Background: The World Health Assembly Resolution in 2005 urges Member States to introduce and/or strengthen universal coverage policy in order to offer financial risk protection (FRP) to households in order to avoid catastrophic health expenditures and impoverishment from seeking care. The other goal of universal coverage is to ensure equitable access to healthcare based on relative need, irrespective of ability to make health care payments, social status or geographical location. The two prepaid financing mechanisms that guarantee universal coverage are social health insurance and general tax revenue. Aim: To undertake a comparative analysis of selected OECD countries with universal coverage to derive lessons that could inform the development of universal coverage policy in low-to-middle income (LMICs) countries. Methods: Empirical evidence from the OECD was sourced through an extensive review of published literature from print and electronic sources. Selection sought to include a range of countries in different continents and health systems with a long history as universal systems. Most universal systems are in OECD countries. OECD countries were selected because of availability of quality and credible data. The data for the analysis is drawn from the OECD Health Data 2008 dataset. Kutzin's conceptual framework is the analytical tool for the critical analysis of evidence, including OECD data, to evaluate the functionality of each health system based on the concepts of equity, sustainability, efficiency and feasibility. Results: Findings from the analysis show that publicly funded (primarily tax-funded) systems have lower out-of-pocket expenditures and offer greater financial risk protection. Systems with a single risk pool and a single payer tend to be more administratively efficient than multiple pools and payers. Allocating health resources based on a needs-based allocation formula is more equitable than historical budgeting. Capitation provider payment promotes greater efficiency than fee-for-service. A purchaser-provider split can improve efficiency.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Wang, Tsai Yun y 王彩雲. "Study on the Strategy of Economic Assistance for ROC to Central America─Example of the International Cooperation and Development Fund". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62322679733745114271.
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碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
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This study goes through the theoretical foundation of economic assistance and analyzes the form and practice of economic assistance in these three countries: The United States, Japan, and China. It also analyzes the course of development of Taiwan’s economic assistance. It is principally directed at the current state of economic assistance by the “International Cooperation and Development Fund” (ICDF) for six Central American countries. It investigates the current phase of assistance strategies for Central America, and how to reach maximum profits for Taiwan. “The North-South Gap” has been looked upon as a principle cause of international turbulence. Therefore, after World War II, the United Nations and “The Development Assistance Committee” (DAC) jointly called on developed countries to supply yearly economic assistance to assist the economic development of moderately developed countries and provide maximum international responsibility. Nevertheless, from the perspective of nations providing assistance, the final goal is still to pursue their own countries’ national profits. The United States and Japan are the two countries with the largest assistance funds, and The United States is the original country to serve as a source of foreign assistance. Aside from political and security profits, it also gives consideration to economic profits. This causes the assistance and domestic adjustment of industries to be closely linked with economic development. After Japan’s defeat in World War II, it used multiple assistance plans to become a leading economic power. Their principle characteristics were direct participation in civil departments and assistance policy-making systems, which allowed assistance, trading, and investment to combine into one organic whole. In recent years, Mainland China has also reformed its method of implementing foreign aid uses the method of joint ventures. It actively encourages businesses to receive assistance planning administered by assisting nations. Taiwan began supplying foreign aid in 1960s. In 1997, the primary policies for the completed foreign aid system were assigned to administer by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The conscientious administration of the “International Cooperation and Development Fund” was also under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Six Central American nations had long-term strategic diplomatic ties with Taiwan, and this has been a key region for economic assistance from Taiwan. These six Central American nations are currently actively engaged in all varieties of construction; moreover, they hope to enlist the support of Taiwan’s development experience and hope for investment from Taiwan’s business world. Moreover, the government of Taiwan is also encouraging the business world to look towards Central America to carry out the division of labor and make use of the region’s advancement towards the North American market. It would also like to use the promotion of mutual economic trade relations as a means of promoting friendly ties between nations. Through the analysis of the current progress of six Central American nations’ economic assistance by the International Cooperation and Development Committee, it was discovered that first priority was given to the economic development of the nations receiving assistance. However, while developed countries provide aid and assistance, strategies for the combined use of assistance and mutual benefits have yet to be actively utilized. Therefore, a deeper investigation has led to several recommendations for assistance strategies, including: the use of “Equal Emphasis of Politics and Economics” as an assistance objective, policy making power for strengthening economic and trade mechanisms, raising foreign aid funds in Taiwan, reforming the foundational design of assistance formats, promoting these three unified strategic items: foreign aid, commerce, and investment, and reaching maximum profits for Taiwan.
Libros sobre el tema "Economic Development Cooperation Fund (Korea)"
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OPEC Fund for International Development. Thirty years of development cooperation: 1976-2006. Vienna, Austria: OPEC Fund for International Development, 2006.
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Sent'ŏ, Han'guk Such'urip Ŭnhaeng Pukhan Kaebal Yŏn'gu. Pukhan kaebal kwa kukche hyŏmnyŏk: Development assistance to North Korea and International Cooperation. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Orŭm, 2014.
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Mkandawire, P. Thandika y Ilcheong Yi. Learning from the South Korean developmental success: Effective developmental cooperation and synergistic institutions and policies. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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Niezgoda, Marceli y Viktor Veselovský. Unijny atlas polsko-słowackiego pogranicza: Program Współpracy Transgranicznej Rzeczpospolita Polska - Republika Słowacka 2007-2013. place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 2015.
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Jayawardena, Lal. The potential of development contracts and conditionality: Towards sustainable development compacts. Helsinki, Finland: World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1993.
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Lee-Jay, Cho, Kim Yoon Hyung, Lee Chung H y Hanʼguk Kaebal Yŏnʼguwŏn, eds. A vision for economic cooperation in East Asia: China, Japan, and Korea. Seoul: Korea Development Institute ; Honolulu, 2003.
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Office, General Accounting. Foreign assistance: U.S. bilateral food assistance to North Korea had mixed results : report to the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member, Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 2000.
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Chong-sŏp, Kim. Yurŏp ŭi ODA chŏngch'aek kwa Han, Yurŏp kaebal hyŏmnyŏk: European ODA policy and Korea-EU development cooperation strategy. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Taeoe Kyŏngje Chŏngch'aek Yŏn'guwŏn, 2012.
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Chŏng, Chi-wŏn. Post-2015 kaebal chaewŏn hwaktae nonŭi wa Han'guk ŭi taeŭng pangan: Study on the financing for development in post-2015 era : policy implications for Korea. Sejong T'ŭkpyŏl Chach'isi: Taeoe Kyŏngje Chŏngch'aek Yŏn'guwŏn, 2014.
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Abdulai, Y. Seyyid. The OPEC Fund and development cooperation in a changing world: Selected statements of Y. Seyyid Abdulai. Vienna: OPEC Fund for International Development, 2003.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Economic Development Cooperation Fund (Korea)"
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Rhee, Yeongseop y Patrick Messerlin. "Regional financial cooperation and North Korean development". En North Korea and Economic Integration in East Asia, 102–22. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in the modern world economy: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058790-7.
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Kim, Eunju. "Balancing Universal Values and Economic Interests Through Development Cooperation in Korea". En International Development Cooperation of Japan and South Korea, 129–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4601-0_6.
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Jung, Hyomin y Motoki Takahashi. "Quest for Sublation of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction: Dual Features of Japan’s Aid in the Post-Cold War Era and After". En International Development Cooperation of Japan and South Korea, 105–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4601-0_5.
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Kuhlmann, Johanna y Frank Nullmeier. "The Formation of a National Capital Stock and the Pension Systems in South Korea and Malaysia". En International Impacts on Social Policy, 371–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_29.
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AbstractThe advantage of building a pension system is not limited to the social security of older people, but can also serve other political, societal, or economic functions. This chapter examines such an interdependence of policy areas by illuminating the relationship between expansive social policy and the export strategy of developmental states, focusing on South Korea and Malaysia. In both countries, contribution-based pension systems—a social insurance scheme in South Korea, and a provident fund in Malaysia—have become a cornerstone of economic development. By accumulating large amounts of money within their pension systems, the governments of both countries have been able to use this money for economic investments within their generally export-oriented economies, thus demonstrating that social policy and international economic interdependence are mutually supportive.
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Park, Youngwook. "Will the One Ring Hold? Defense AI in South Korea". En Contributions to Security and Defence Studies, 505–27. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58649-1_23.
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AbstractSouth Korea sees artificial intelligence (AI) as central to its national vision, aiming to drive economic revitalization and bolster competitiveness. Backed by a history of state-led initiatives in technology and a robust information infrastructure, public support for AI and digitalization is widespread. The government's goal is to become an “AI powerhouse,” reflected in its national strategy likened to the “One Ring” from The Lord of the Rings, symbolizing a state-led technological utopia. Defense AI is integral to this vision, with the Ministry of National Defense focusing on modernizing the armed forces through AI integration. The government's approach emphasizes gradual development from recognition to decision intelligence, supported by establishing a National Defense AI Center and fostering a collaborative ecosystem. This strategy aims to break traditional defense procurement barriers and attract civilian talent from the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. Significant investment in AI development underscores this ambition. Efforts include integrating defense AI into surveillance, combat, and command and control systems, with plans for complex manned-unmanned combat systems and Joint All-Domain Command and Control Systems akin to US initiatives. South Korea also prioritizes education to nurture defense AI talent, collaborating with academic institutions and initiating specialized education programs. Military pilot units are designated to enhance human expertise in defense AI application, aligning with broader efforts to advance digital proficiency within the military. South Korea defense AI ambition benefit from robust government spending by the Ministry of Defense in cooperation with Ministry of Science and ICT.
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Gafny, Arnon. "The Middle East Development Fund". En Economic Cooperation in the Middle East, 167–79. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429044397-13.
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Choo, Jaewoo. "Northeast Asian Economic Cooperation and Korea–China–Japan FTA". En Globalization, Development and Security in Asia, 151–69. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814566582_0023.
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Ajami, Riad. "The Multinational Business Development Fund: A Framework for Economic Cooperation and Peace in the Middle East". En Economic Cooperation in the Middle East, 335–45. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429044397-23.
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"No. 30707. Republic of Korea and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development". En United Nations Treaty Series, 159–65. UN, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/8b7c209b-en-fr.
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Widiyanti, Dwi Retno. "Blockchain-based Digital Information Systems for Social Funds, Zakat, Infaq Alms, and Waqf Transparency". En Digital Transformation and Inclusive Economic Development in Indonesia, 168–88. FSH-PH Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/futscipress9.
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Blockchain-based digital information systems can increase social fund, Zakat, Infaq alms, and Waqf transparency and accountability. Blockchain can boost philanthropy transparency. Blockchain records decentralized and transparent social fund, Zakat, Infaq alms, and Waqf transactions in an immutable and auditable chain. An immutable and auditable chain is created by linking transactions in blocks. This transparency lets stakeholders verify finances and resource allocation. Traceability and Accountability: Blockchain tracks funds from origin to destination. All contributors, recipients, and regulators can witness blockchain transactions. Transparency makes money allocation straightforward and prevents misappropriation and corruption. Automated Compliance Smart Contracts: Blockchain smart contracts automate Shariah and regulatory compliance. Smart contracts allocate funds depending on predefined criteria and automatically act when conditions are met. Human mistake and manipulation decrease, promoting openness and justice. Blockchain platforms can show contributors and beneficiaries financial flow in real time. Donations are tracked for openness and accountability. Beneficiaries can verify fund receipt and allocation, boosting system trust. Donor and receiver engagement and social impact grow with transparency. Blockchain facilitates audits and reporting. The blockchain records all transactions, simplifying and verifying financial reporting. Auditors can rapidly and completely audit visible transaction history. Reduces time and improves financial reporting. Openness, immutability, and auditability of blockchain boost trust in social funds, Zakat, Infaq alms, and Waqf institutions. Transparent and responsible fund management with blockchain technology can boost donations, involvement, and charity efficacy. Strategy, cooperation, and legal and regulatory compliance are needed to implement blockchain technology. Data privacy and
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Economic Development Cooperation Fund (Korea)"
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ISMAILOVA, Docent Nilufar y Adolat KHUDAYBERGENOVA. "MODERN TENDENCIES OF UZBEK-KOREAN ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT". En UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-12.
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This thesis examines and analyzes the dynamics of economic and social relations between Uzbekistan and South Korea in recent years. In particular, the impact of similar relations between the two countries on the overall development of the country, including the growth of social life and the positive changes in economic, political and trade relations between the two countries.
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ROHATALIEVA, Nilufar. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BILATERAL STRATEGIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA". En UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-08.
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This article provides a detailed review of bilateral strategic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea in the political, economic, trade, cultural and humanitarian spheres. The purpose of this study is to determine the most important areas of bilateral cooperation between countries in the near future, as well as to identify new topical areas of cooperation, taking into account modern realities in the international arena. Based on the results of the work, the author gives recommendations regarding the intensification of bilateral relations, identifying promising areas of cooperation between the countries.
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Minsagitov, Askad. "CULTURE OF SOUTH KOREA, MODERN CHALLENGES". En UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-19.
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The article is devoted to the study of traditional Korean culture, its features, the history of the formation and development of intercultural exchange with neighboring countries; assessment of the processes of unification of national culture in modern conditions of development; issues of preserving the national identity of Koreans in the political, economic life. In this article, special attention is paid to the analysis of the phenomenon of the Korean “cultural wave”, the history of its development, the identification of the main reasons for its popularization among the masses of a global nature, the identification of the main vehicles of both modern and traditional culture of the Korean people. This article explores the policy of interest and the role of governmental and non-governmental institutions for the dissemination of knowledge about Korea on a global scale. Consideration of the national Korean media culture as the main source of influence on public opinion and a factor contributing to the formation of an imitative image of the Korean (style) of life.
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KHAYDAROVA, Nazokat. "THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURE AND ORGANIZERS OF THE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT". En UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-27.
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Since the Republic of Uzbekistan became a full member of the world economic system, significant progress has been made in the development of investment processes. First of all, the regulatory framework for investment activity has been created and is being improved based on socio-economic conditions. Today, the investment climate created in Uzbekistan is characterized by the convenience of attracting foreign investment to the national economy.
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Lee, Wooju y Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong. "HUMAN RESOURCES COOPERATION PLAN BETWEEN KOREA AND VIETNAM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT". En International Conference on Political Theory: The International Conference on Human Resources for Sustainable Development. Bach Khoa Publishing House, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/icpt.hust.2023.73.
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"Research purpose: Korea and Vietnam are actively engaged in human resource exchanges and are economically interdependent. Many Vietnamese people study or export labor in Korea, and many Korean companies and private businesses hire Vietnamese employees while doing business in Vietnam, and many Korean employees are working in Vietnam. It would be better if the two countries could make up for and cooperate with each other in using human resources to expand good jobs, boost industrial growth, innovation, and economic growth together. Therefore, by analyzing the current status of human resources and cooperation in both countries for sustainable development, we would like to find out how to cooperate in a way that is helpful to both countries. Research motivation: Diplomatic relations between Korea and Vietnam, the relationship between Korea and Vietnam has grown significantly, including the volume of trade between the two countries, Korea's investment in Vietnam, the number of Vietnamese labor exports to Korea, and the number of Koreans staying in Vietnam. In the wake of the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Korea and Vietnam last year and the upgrade to a comprehensive strategic partnership, both countries should now pay attention not only to quantitative growth but also to qualitative growth for sustainable development of the two countries. Therefore, the basis for this is people, and the author selected ""human resources cooperation plan between Korea and Vietnam for sustainable development"" as the subject of the study. Research design, approach, and method: Find out the current status of manpower exchange between Korea and Vietnam, and analyze the characteristics of manpower exchange, factors and problems affecting manpower exchange, and parts that need to be supplemented. Main findings: Among foreigners staying on work visas in Korea, the number of Vietnamese is 39,477, the second highest after Chinese nationals, and 27,286 are employed under the employment permit system, accounting for the highest proportion of the total employed, accounting for 69%. However, the Korean government has operated the employment permit system mainly in regulations, resulting in many side effects such as mass production of illegal residents, and even when returning to Vietnam after working in Korea, the experience of working in Korea is often not available in Vietnam. The number of Korean companies invested in Vietnam and Koreans residing in Vietnam also increased significantly. Korean companies are having difficulty securing the necessary manpower due to the strict requirements for issuing workingr permits, even though Korean companies need the role of middle managers in order to smoothly pursue their business in Vietnam. And the number of Vietnamese studying abroad in Korea and the number of Koreans studying in Vietnam are both increasing, and the number of Korean language majors in Vietnam is also increasing, but there is a lack of specific ways to utilize these programs after the end of their curriculum. Practical/managerial implications: In order to support employers suffering from labor shortages and Vietnamese workers in poor conditions, it is necessary to ease regulations on the employment permit system quota system and to help Vietnamese workers dispatched to Korea use what they learned in Korea after returning home. In addition, it is necessary to ease and implement the work permit requirements for Koreans working as middle managers in Korean companies operating in Vietnam. And after the end of studying abroad in Vietnam in Korea, it is necessary to find employment for companies lacking professional manpower, and to expand the provision of training opportunities at Korean companies for the increased number of Vietnamese students majoring in Korean."
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Sakmurzaeva, Nargiza. "Political and Economic Cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and the Republic of Korea: Perspectives and Obstacles". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01874.
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Diplomatic relations between Kyrgyzstan and The Republic of Korea were established on 31 January in 1992. Political and economic relations between Kyrgyzstan and The Republic of Korea is a new topic for the study. That’s why there are no books and dissertations on this topic. The aim of this paper is to analyze bilateral relations and find out the perspectives and obstacles of the economic cooperation which can really impact the economic development of the country. In order to research the topic, the empirical and comparative methods of analysis were used. As a data sources were used papers of F. Matteo, M. Douglass, S. Chung, and C. Eshimbekov.
«Saemaul Undong» or «The New Village Movement» is the South Korea’s Rural Development Model for countries such as Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan has all conditions for applying the «The New Village Movement» program. First, Kyrgyzstan's an agrarian country. Second, 65% of the total population is the rural population. Third, about 1 931 000 people live below the poverty line in 2015. And, 67.7% of these people are rural settlements. So it means that by the financial support of the Korean International Cooperation Agency and the local government Korean rural development program can be implemented successfully in Kyrgyzstan. The perspective fields of economic cooperation between two countries are tourism, agriculture, textile industry, information technology and the mining. Some obstacles of the cooperation are the absence of direct flight Bishkek-Seoul, ineffective use of Korean investments and insufficient resources of information about Kyrgyzstan for Korean businessmen.
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Barnett, Casey y Bunthorn Yem. "Effectiveness of Synchronous Online Learning Compared to Face-to-Face Learning Among Higher Education Students in Cambodia during the COVID-19 Pandemic". En International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/79-90.
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INTRODUCTION The International Monetary Fund reported that global gross domestic product (GDP) contracted by 3.5 percent in 2020 compared to positive growth of 2.8 percent in 2019 (International Monetary Fund [IMF], 2021). This economic loss means more people will suffer the effects of poverty. The economic loss is largely due to COVID and its effects which include safety measures such as restrictions on gatherings and movement. One safety measure implemented by countries has been the prohibition of face-to-face learning in schools. However, the closure of schools may have ongoing negative economic consequences for years to come. A study by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) estimates that “due to lost productivity, one year of lost primary and secondary school learning will result in an economic loss equivalent to 202 percent of future GDP” (Hanushek & Woessmann, 2020, p. 9). Empirical studies are showing that learning loss arising from school shutdowns is proportional to the duration of the shutdown. For example, a study of national exam results for approximately 350,000 students in the Netherlands found that an 8-week shutdown resulted in a learning loss equivalent to the same period of the shutdown (Engzell et al., 2021).
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Dash, Tapas R. y Shruti Dash. "Economic Conditions of the Cambodian Urban Informal Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic". En International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/29-52.
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INTRODUCTION The impetus for this study comes from a field observation on informal workers in different urban areas in the Phnom Penh city during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevailing pandemic has devasted economies around the world, and in particular, the informal workers, who are generally employed on a seasonal, casual, or temporary basis. and lack social protection, have suffered the worst. To mitigate the social and economic impacts of the pandemic on poor and vulnerable houscholds, the Royal Government of Cambodia launched a nationwide cash relief program in June 2020. It is believed that an effective mitigation program to counteract the negative impact of COVID-19 requires evidence-based research, and this has prompted us to carry out the present study. Emerging from Wuhan in December 2019, the “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically altered the world cconomy and affected every aspect of life. While the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) views that the world has faced the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s, and emerging markets and developing countries were the hardest hit (British Broadcasting Corporation [BBC], 2020), the International Labour Organization (2020a) describes the coronavirus pandemic as the worst global crisis since World War II. The World Bank (2021) has estimated —3.5 percent growth of the global economy for 2020. The rapid spread of the virus has not only led to the disruption of supply chains and freezing demand limiting the flows of travel, trade, and investment (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], 2020), but has also slowed down economic activities in almost all countries due to lockdown and social containment measures. While nearly half of the world’s 3.3 billion workforce were at risk of losing their livelihoods (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2020), in Southeast Asia alone, with every passing month, tens of millions of more workers become vulnerable of sliding into poverty, including many in the middle class.
Informes sobre el tema "Economic Development Cooperation Fund (Korea)"
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee y Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Songdo, Republic of Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007012.
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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. Songdo, as part of Incheon Free Economic Zone, is an iconic new smart city of Korea that hosts international business events and attract IT, biotech, ad R&D facilities. Its smart city initiative began in 2008 and is still ongoing with an aim for completion by 2017. The project is largely divided into six sectors including transport, security, disaster, environment, and citizen interaction while other services related to home, business, education, health and car are also being developed. Specialized service in Songdo includes smart bike services, criminal vehicle tracking and monitoring unusual activities through motion detecting technology while Integrated Operation and Control Center (IOCC) readily facilitates collaboration between various agencies and citizen engagement. Songdo smart city initiative is managed by Incheon U-city Corporation, a private- public partnership in order to secure funding for system operation through effective business model.
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee y Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Namyangju, Republic of Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007014.
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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. Namyangju, a city of 650,000 populations in Korea has been promoting smart city project since 2008 as a response to recent growth of population, increased share of transport and crime rate. Namyangju offers various civic services especially via smartphone such as customized real-time road CCTV images, traffic flow and incident information, as well as application for senior resident protection. Namyangju is also equipped with security system at bus stops and multifunctional "smart pole", which combines street light, CCTV, and traffic signal controller to promote efficient use of roadside facility. The city promotes local economy through online market system making use of its local organic farms and actively utilizes bus stops and roadside VMS in attracting advertisement to raise regular profit. Namyangju is in the process of installing 101km fiber-optic network and plans to complete the construction of Integrated Operation and Control Center (IOCC) by 2016. The city's current focus is on citizen interaction and further business model development.
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Goreczky, Péter y Tibor Mezei. Go South: Opportunities for South Korea to Increase its Economic and Political Weight in the ASEAN Region. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.01.
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The New Southern Policy (NSP) initiated by President Moon Jae-in in 2017 has given significant impetus to the development of political, economic, and cultural relations between the Republic of Korea and the ASEAN countries. The objective of South Korea is to enhance its middle power status and bolster its image as an important regional player. While the results of political and security cooperation have been modest so far, advancing economic and trade cooperation with the ASEAN region offers important opportunities for South Korea to expand and diversify its economic relationships. The growing consumer market of ASEAN and free trade agreements could primarily boost trade flows, while direct investments of South Korean companies could be catalysed by relocation strategies, supply chain transformation, and new, emerging industries and technologies. Official development aid is also expected to play an increasingly important role in the economic relations between South Korea and the ASEAN region. The main challenges include building relations with the less developed and stable economies of the region and the low visibility of the NSP at the level of regional narratives.
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee y Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Anyang, Republic of Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007013.
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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. Anyang, a 600,000 population city near Seoul is developing international recognition on its smart city project that has been implemented incrementally since 2003. This initiative began with the Bus Information System to enhance citizen's convenience at first, and has been expanding its domain into wider Intelligent Transport System as well as crime and disaster prevention in an integrated manner. Anyang is evaluated as a benchmark for smart city with a 2012 Presidential Award in Korea and receives large number of international visits. Anyang's Integrated Operation and Control Center (IOCC) acts as the platform that gathers, analyzes and distributes information for mobility, disasters management and crime. Anyang is currently utilizing big data for policy development and is continuing its endeavor to expand its smart city services into areas such as waste and air quality management. Anyang's success factors are the government officials' continuous willingness towards service development and the establishment of cooperation system among the smart city-related organizations.
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee y Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Pangyo, Republic of Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007011.
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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. Pangyo is a new city built from 2003 onwards near Seoul with a vision to become the Silicon Valley of Korea. Approximately 75 million USD of the development gain was allocated to smart city implementation, which took place in one shot within 3-4 years along with the city construction. Pangyo classifies its services into smart portal, facility management, security, disaster, and environment. Interesting aspects of Pangyo are the use of smart kiosk media boards for information provision and real-time management of street lights and waterworks. Key advantage of Pangyo is the low concern for investment overlap from simultaneous development of new city and smart city system, which also enabled high degree of integration of various functions in a spacious smart city operation center as well as utilization of fiber-optic network. Pangyo is currently making various attempts to generate revenue to cover maintenance cost through attracting advertisement on media boards and kiosks, and providing education contents to citizens at low charge.
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, Heeyoun You y Sang Keon Lee. Korea's Pursuit for Sustainable Cities through New Town Development: Implications for LAC: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and th. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006999.
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Under rapid urbanization that took place from around 1960 to 1990, the Republic of Korea has been facing various urban problems such as the expansion of urban slum, traffic congestion and environmental pollution. Among the various responses to these challenges, New Town development can be regarded as one of the most successful and effective strategies, which hasover 50 years of development history in five phases. Korea's New Towns were developed with three main purposes according to the periodic needs: industry support, housing supply, and nationwide balanced development. Phase I New Towns (1962-81) responded to the country's need for industry promotion. Phase II (1967-86), Phase III (1989-95) and Phase IV (2001-present) New Towns were built in response to the severe lack of housing emerged due to over-concentration in the capital and later its metropolitan area, by providing large-scale housing inside Seoul, in the outer ring of Seoul, and in the Capital Area respectively over time. Finally, the most recent Phase V New Towns (2005-present) provided response to the issue of equitable and balanced development across the country. These development yielded outcomes such as housing market stabilization, improvement of housing condition, securement of public and green spaces, economic effect on related industries, and expansion of urban infrastructure. The paper suggests three success factors of Korea's New Town development. First is feasible planning and concrete implementation strategies that enabled the implementing organizations to overcome conflicts and carry on with the project until completion. The second factor is institutional driving force and legal support which involved establishing a dedicated bureau, defining clear organizational structure and stakeholder roles, and providing timely Acts to support the land acquisition and construction. The third success factor is reasonable land acquisition methodologies which evolved over time from Land Readjustment to Publically Management Development. This paper also presents Sustainable New own Design Criteria as an important implication for the LAC to consider, which includes social, economic and environmental sustainability that pursue outcomes such as social inclusion, self-sufficiency, connectivity, green space and smart resource management. Exchanging these experience of Korea and promoting mutual cooperation would be highly valuable for the cities in LAC to minimize the trial and error and maximize the success factors experienced by Korea as an attempt to relieve the challenges of rapid urbanization they are faced with at present. In this regard, it is anticipated that Korea can actively share its accumulated New Town experience and knowledge and act as one of the promising development partners of the countries in LAC.
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee y Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Orlando, United States of America. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007015.
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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. As an international destination for theme parks, sporting events and conventions, Orlando approaches the smart city operation through Orlando Operations Center (OOC), an integrated facility established in 2001 by the Mayor after the 1997 hurricane. The major features of the integrated operation include the sharing of fiber optic networks and CCTV cameras, and close cooperation between transport, police and fire departments for road, criminal and disaster incident, and the emergency operation center within the OOC taking the lead in case of special event management and large-scale natural disasters. Along with the OOC, the city hall also utilizes smart city functions such as red light violation enforcement through detectors, bus management through AVL technology, GPS garbage truck tracking, and GIS water management. Orlando has experienced significant benefits in terms of shortened decision-making and response time, reduced operation cost, and improved environmental impacts, as well as enhanced service quality and communication with citizen.
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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, marzo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.
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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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Balbis Pérez, Jorge, Jae Sung Kwak, Napoleão Dequech Neto, Martín Rivero Illa, Rebeca Grynspan M., Juan Manuel Valle Pereña, Cristina Xalma et al. Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 17: No. 36: January-June, 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, julio de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008276.
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This issue addresses the South-South cooperation topic and argues that, rather than being much ado about nothing, it is actually tangible and about more than meets the eye, reflecting new avenues of delivery, innovative ways of thinking, and ongoing economic realignment. It features contributions about: The role of institutions in the provision of public goods and their implications for sustainable development; SSC, and its increasing contribution to international dialogue; The rising profile and implications of SSC between LAC and China, Japan, and Korea; The role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in defining, implementing, and evaluating SSC interventions in the region; Comparisons between SSC providers and traditional donors, including a greater focus on the private sector; and Case studies.
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Amar Flórez, Darío. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Medellin, Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007968.
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This case study is one of ten international case studies developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in association with the Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center (GDPC) provided the funding. Medellin launched a series of strategies to become smart city. They are oriented to the citizen, through a series of services that improve their quality of life as they develop capacity and organizational structure in the entities that control mobility, the environment, and safety. In addition, these initiatives have created mechanisms to communicate and interact with citizens in order to promote continuous improvement of smart services.