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Baráková, Ivana, Markéta Derdáková, Giovanna Carpi, Fausta Rosso, Margherita Collini, Valentina Tagliapietra, Claudio Ramponi, Heidi C. Hauffe y Annapaola Rizzoli. "Genetic and Ecologic Variability amongAnaplasma phagocytophilumStrains, Northern Italy". Emerging Infectious Diseases 20, n.º 6 (junio de 2014): 1082–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2006.131023.
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Movellan, A., R. Schiebel, M. V. Zubkov, A. Smyth y H. Howa. "Quantification of protein biomass of individual foraminifers using nano-spectrophotometry". Biogeosciences Discussions 9, n.º 6 (7 de junio de 2012): 6651–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-6651-2012.
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Abstract. The ecological role of foraminifers has been largely unknown partly owing to difficulties in determining their individual biomass, although foraminifers are abundant in surface marine sediments. The present study provides a reliable and inexpensive method for the quantification of the protein content of hard-shelled foraminifers as a measure of biomass while preserving the tests for later analyses (e.g., morphometry, stable isotopes) using nano-spectrophotometry. The protein biomass, size, and shell weight of Ammonia tepida are significantly correlated (n = 102, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.5739, and n = 181, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.8288, respectively). Variability in relation between test size and weight, and cell biomass may result from natural variability in horizontal and vertical microenvironments encompassing metabolic state, as well as variability in test morphometry and calcite mass (i.e., test weight). In turn, knowing the size- and species-specific biomass of foraminifers adds valuable information on the trophic and ecologic conditions of modern and ancient marine environments, in particular on the reconstruction of the regional paleoproductivity and flux of organic matter.
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Movellan, A., R. Schiebel, M. V. Zubkov, A. Smyth y H. Howa. "Protein biomass quantification of unbroken individual foraminifers using nano-spectrophotometry". Biogeosciences 9, n.º 9 (12 de septiembre de 2012): 3613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3613-2012.
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Abstract. The ecological role of foraminifers has been largely unknown partly owing to difficulties in determining their individual biomass, although foraminifers are abundant in surface marine sediments. The present study provides a reliable and inexpensive method for the quantification of the protein content of hard-shelled foraminifers as a measure of biomass while preserving the tests for later analyses (e.g. morphometry, stable isotopes), using nano-spectrophotometry. The protein biomass, is significantly correlated with size, and shell weight of Ammonia tepida (n = 102, p < 0.00001, R2 = 0.462, and n = 181, p < 0.00001, R2 = 0.855). Variability in the relation between test size and weight, and cell biomass may result from natural variability in horizontal and vertical microenvironments encompassing metabolic state, as well as variability in test morphometry and calcite mass (i.e. test weight). In turn, knowing the size- and species-specific biomass of foraminifers adds valuable information on the trophic and ecologic conditions of modern and ancient marine environments, in particular on the reconstruction of the regional palaeoproductivity and flux of organic matter.
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Ahern, J. y S. Galea. "Explaining Variability in Population Health: The Role of Underlying Ecologic Vulnerabilities and Capacities". American Journal of Epidemiology 163, suppl_11 (1 de junio de 2006): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s27-c.
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Mensing, Scott, John Korfmacher, Thomas Minckley y Robert Musselman. "A 15,000 year record of vegetation and climate change from a treeline lake in the Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA". Holocene 22, n.º 7 (14 de diciembre de 2011): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683611430339.
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Future climate projections predict warming at high elevations that will impact treeline species, but complex topographic relief in mountains complicates ecologic response, and we have a limited number of long-term studies examining vegetation change related to climate. In this study, pollen and conifer stomata were analyzed from a 2.3 m sediment core extending to 15,330 cal. yr BP recovered from a treeline lake in the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming. Both pollen and stomata record a sequence of vegetation and climate change similar in most respects to other regional studies, with sagebrush steppe and lowered treeline during the Late Pleistocene, rapid upward movement of treeline beginning about 11,500 cal. yr BP, treeline above modern between ~9000 and 6000 cal. yr BP, and then moving downslope ~5000 cal. yr BP, reaching modern limits by ~3000 cal. yr BP. Between 6000 and 5000 cal. yr BP sediments become increasingly organic and sedimentation rates increase. We interpret this as evidence for lower lake levels during an extended dry period with warmer summer temperatures and treeline advance. The complex topography of the Rocky Mountains makes it challenging to identify regional patterns associated with short term climatic variability, but our results contribute to gaining a better understanding of past ecologic responses at high elevation sites.
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Hershberger, Amanda J., Tracie M. Jenkins y Carol Robacker. "Molecular Genetic Variability of Spigelia marilandica and S. gentianoides". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 140, n.º 2 (marzo de 2015): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.140.2.120.
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Despite the ecologic and ornamental potential of southeastern U.S. native Spigelia, little is known about the intraspecific or the interpopulation genetic variation. The southeastern U.S. native Spigelia habitat is becoming more and more fragmented as a result of human activity, making it imperative to gain an understanding of natural genetic variation among and within species and populations for the purpose of obtaining variability for plant breeding and preserve the genetic variability in Spigelia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to determine interspecific and intraspecific genetic variation and to evaluate gene flow. Thirteen populations of two species of native Spigelia, S. marilandica (SM), S. gentianoides var. gentianoides (SGG), and S. gentianoides var. alabamensis (SGA), were analyzed using four primer pairs that amplified a total of 269 bands. Based on analysis of molecular variance and estimates of Nei’s coefficients of gene diversity (percentage of polymorphic loci, average genetic diversity within populations, average genetic diversity within species, and proportion of species genetic diversity attributed to among population variation), the majority of variation found in Spigelia occurs within populations. Both among-species and among-population variation was low, likely the effect of common ancestry as well as relatively frequent introgression among individuals (and populations) of Spigelia. When all individuals were evaluated using Nei’s unbiased genetic distances and viewed as a unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean phenogram, three main groups were shown, one with two samples of SGG from one population, one with 13 individuals from both SGG populations used in this study, and one with all of the SM, SGA, and remaining SGG individuals. Further evaluation using STRUCTURE software showed introgression between populations and species, although all allele clusters have not entirely introgressed into all populations. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to breeding in Spigelia.
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Madkour, Aubrey Spriggs, Sandra L. Martin, Carolyn Tucker Halpern y Victor J. Schoenbach. "Area Disadvantage and Intimate Partner Homicide: An Ecological Analysis of North Carolina Counties, 2004–2006". Violence and Victims 25, n.º 3 (junio de 2010): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.363.
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Using data from the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System and other sources, we examined ecologic relationships between county (n = 100) disadvantage and intimate partner homicide (IPH), variability by victim gender and county urbanicity, and potential mediators. County disadvantage was related to female-victim homicide only in metropolitan counties (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.25); however, disadvantage was associated with male-victim IPH regardless of county urbanicity (IRR 1.17). None of the potential intervening variables examined (shelter availability, intimate partner violence services’ funding) was supported as a mediator. Results suggest disparities across North Carolina counties in IPH according to county disadvantage. Future research should explore other potential mediators (i.e., service accessibility and law enforcement responses), as well as test the robustness of findings using additional years of data.
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Pachut, Joseph F. "Population genetics of four species of Ordovician bryozoans: stereology and jackknifed analysis of variance". Journal of Paleontology 61, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1987): 927–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000029309.
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Collections of four Ordovician bryozoan species from habitats of differing levels of taxonomic diversity were examined in order to assess the effect of environmental conditions on intraspecific and interspecific morphologic patterns. Up to 20 morphometric characteristics were measured for each species from populations in both high-diversity and low-diversity settings. Character means and the levels of character variability differ between populations in different diversity zones. Across species, mean character values differ significantly in 41 percent of the total comparisons, permitting intraspecific and interspecific multivariate discrimination of populations from the two diversity zones.The partitioning of clonal morphologic variability into within-colony (nonheritable) and among-colony (potentially heritable) components reveals that habitat conditions favoring high diversities appear to promote a greater proportion of potentially heritable genetic variation both within- and among-species than do low-diversity settings wherein a larger percentage of variation is ecophenotypic, or nonheritable, plasticity. Although the actual percentages vary from species to species, this pattern is obtained for representatives of four different trepostome bryozoan families and therefore is robust. Variability of this sort, if unrecognized, could lead to taxonomic oversplitting along ecologic gradients. These local, facultative adjustments to environmental conditions may be indicative of processes involved in the reactions of populations to selective pressures.Analyses such as this, coupled with examinations of character covariances, may permit the recognition not only of environmentally-induced morphologic plasticity and the proportions of potentially heritable and nonheritable variability, but also provide evidence for intraspecific changes in the rates and timing of developmental events (i.e., across-population or facultative heterochrony).
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Abdi, Reza y Mehdi Yasi. "Evaluation of environmental flow requirements using eco-hydrologic–hydraulic methods in perennial rivers". Water Science and Technology 72, n.º 3 (4 de mayo de 2015): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.200.
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The assessment of environmental flows in rivers is of vital importance for preserving riverine ecosystem processes. This paper addresses the evaluation of environmental flow requirements in three reaches along a typical perennial river (the Zab transboundary river, in north-west Iran), using different hydraulic, hydrological and ecological methods. The main objective of this study came from the construction of three dams and inter-basin transfer of water from the Zab River to the Urmia Lake. Eight hydrological methods (i.e. Tennant, Tessman, flow duration curve analysis, range of variability approach, Smakhtin, flow duration curve shifting, desktop reserve and 7Q2&10 (7-day low flow with a 2- and 10-year return period)); two hydraulic methods (slope value and maximum curvature); and two habitat simulation methods (hydraulic–ecologic, and Q Equation based on water quality indices) were used. Ecological needs of the riverine key species (mainly Barbus capito fish), river geometries, natural flow regime and the environmental status of river management were the main indices for determining the minimum flow requirements. The results indicate that the order of 35%, 17% and 18% of the mean annual flow are to be maintained for the upper, middle and downstream river reaches, respectively. The allocated monthly flow rates in the three Dams steering program are not sufficient to preserve the Zab River life.
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Thomas, E., Kartik Venkataraman, Victoria Chraibi y Narayanan Kannan. "Hydrologic Trends in the Upper Nueces River Basin of Texas—Implications for Water Resource Management and Ecological Health". Hydrology 6, n.º 1 (8 de marzo de 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010020.
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Reliable water sources are central to human and environmental health. In south Texas, USA, the Nueces River Basin (NRB) directly or indirectly plays that important role for many counties. Several NRB stream segments are designated as ecologically significant because they serve crucial hydrologic, ecologic, and biologic functions. The hydrologically significant streams recharge the Edwards Aquifer, an essential water source for the region’s agricultural, industrial, and residential activities. Unfortunately, the semiarid to arid south Texas climate leads to large inter-annual precipitation variability which impacts streamflow, and as a consequence, the aquifer’s recharge. In this study, we used a suite of hydrologic metrics to evaluate the NRB’s hydroclimatic trends and assess their potential impacts on the watershed’s ecologically significant stream segments using precipitation and streamflow data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and Hydroclimatic Data Network (HCDN) respectively from 1970 to 2014. The results consistently showed statistically significant decreasing streamflow for certain low-flow indicators over various temporal scales, likely due to water rights diversions and minimal land use changes. This research could help decision-makers develop the necessary tools to manage water resources in south Texas, given the NRB’s significance as a source of water for domestic consumption and ecological health.
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Menezes, Cristine Gobbo, EDUARDO CUSTÓDIO GASPARINO, PAULO CESAR BALEEIRO y VITOR FERNANDES OLIVEIRA DE MIRANDA. "Seed morphology of bladderworts: a survey on Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma (Lentibulariaceae) with taxonomic implications". Phytotaxa 167, n.º 2 (9 de mayo de 2014): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.167.2.3.
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Species from Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma were studied based on seed characteristics. Our goals were to search for informative characters useful to species delimitations, especially for very polymorphic species such as U. amethystina, and also to provide an identification key and discussion about the delimitation of both sections. The qualitative characters of seeds were more useful than quantitative ones for taxonomic purposes but, as presented here in an identification key, it was impossible to distinguish three species from each other (Utricularia huntii, U. praelonga and U. tridentata). Our results are not enough for deep speculations about the delimitation of both sections. However, they do not agree with Taylor’s system, because it was impossible to separate the studied species in two clearly different groups. However, the variability found in the seed characters was evaluated in this work and we also briefly discussed the ecologic implications of some seed traits.
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HUANG, NORDEN E., ZHAOHUA WU, JORGE E. PINZÓN, CLAIRE L. PARKINSON, STEVEN R. LONG, KARIN BLANK, PER GLOERSEN y XIANYAO CHEN. "REDUCTIONS OF NOISE AND UNCERTAINTY IN ANNUAL GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY DATA". Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 01, n.º 03 (julio de 2009): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793536909000151.
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Global climate variability is currently a topic of high scientific and public interest, with potential ramifications for the Earth's ecologic systems and policies governing world economy. Across the broad spectrum of global climate variability, the least well understood time scale is that of decade-to-century.1 The bases for investigating past changes across that period band are the records of annual mean Global Surface Temperature Anomaly (GSTA) time series, produced variously in many painstaking efforts.2–5 However, due to incipient instrument noise, the uneven distribution of sensors spatially and temporally, data gaps, land urbanization, and bias corrections to sea surface temperature, noise and uncertainty continue to exist in all data sets.1, 2, 6–8 Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method as a filter, we can reduce this noise and uncertainty and produce a cleaner annual mean GSTA dataset. The noise in the climate dataset is thus reduced by one-third and the difference between the new and the commonly used, but unfiltered time series, ranges up to 0.1506°C, with a standard deviation up to 0.01974°C, and an overall mean difference of only 0.0001°C. Considering that the total increase of the global mean temperature over the last 150 years to be only around 0.6°C, we believe this difference of 0.1506°C is significant.
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Santos-Silva, Celeste, Rogério Louro, Bruno Natário y Tânia Nobre. "Lack of knowledge on ecological determinants and cryptic lifestyles hinder our understanding of Terfezia diversity". MycoKeys 84 (18 de octubre de 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.84.71372.
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Developing below the soil surface desert, truffles are hard to find. Within Terfezia genus, at least 18 species are described and many are endemic to the Mediterranean basin. Ecological and geographic information are key factors for species diagnosis, and so far Terfezia species are believed to be linked to either acidic or basic soils or to specific plant hosts. Thus, we have looked at Terfezia diversity within a relatively homogeneous geographical area in Portugal that is suitable for these species and that covered different soils and different dominant host species. We analyzed the observed intraspecific variability within the context of species ecological preferences (e. g. edaphic and putative host). One of our major findings was the discovery of T. grisea in acid soils in association with Tuberaria guttata, a puzzling information since, until now, this species was only found in alkaline soils. We also report on the linkage of different Terfezia lineages within species and ecologic parameters such as soil texture, soil pH and plant host. Additionally, by placing the collected specimens on the most recent genus phylogeny based on the ITS region, we also updated the number of known Terfezia species occurring in Portugal from three to ten. Terfezia dunensis is here reported for the first time for Portugal. Overall, our results show that the exploration of undersampled sites reveals itself as a good strategy to disclose unknown aspects of desert truffle diversity and ecology. These aspects are of prime importance when considering the economic value of the desert truffles for rural populations in the Mediterranean basin.
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Hong, B. Y., A. Hoare, A. Cardenas, A. K. Dupuy, L. Choquette, A. L. Salner, P. K. Schauer et al. "The Salivary Mycobiome Contains 2 Ecologically Distinct Mycotypes". Journal of Dental Research 99, n.º 6 (21 de abril de 2020): 730–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520915879.
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A broad range of fungi has been detected in molecular surveys of the oral mycobiome. However, knowledge is still lacking on interindividual variability of these communities and the ecologic and clinical significance of oral fungal commensals. In this cross-sectional study, we use internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicon sequencing to evaluate the salivary mycobiome in 59 subjects, 36 of whom were scheduled to receive cancer chemotherapy. Analysis of the broad population structure of fungal communities in the whole cohort identified 2 well-demarcated genus-level community types (mycotypes), with Candida and Malassezia as the main taxa driving cluster partitioning. The Candida mycotype had lower diversity than the Malassezia mycotype and was positively correlated with cancer and steroid use in these subjects, smoking, caries, utilizing a removable prosthesis, and plaque index. Mycotypes were also associated with metabolically distinct bacteria indicative of divergent oral environments, with aciduric species enriched in the Candida mycotype and inflammophilic bacteria increased in the Malassezia mycotype. Similar to their fungal counterparts, coexisting bacterial communities associated with the Candida mycotype showed lower diversity than those associated with the Malassezia mycotype, suggesting that common environmental pressures affected bacteria and fungi. Mycotypes were also seen in an independent cohort of 24 subjects, in which cultivation revealed Malassezia as viable oral mycobiome members, although the low-abundance Malassezia sympodialis was the only Malassezia species recovered. There was a high degree of concordance between the molecular detection and cultivability of Candida, while cultivation showed low sensitivity for detection of the Malassezia mycotype. Overall, our work provides insights into the oral mycobiome landscape, revealing 2 community classes with apparently distinct ecologic constraints and specific associations with coexisting bacteria and clinical parameters. The utility of mycotypes as biomarkers for oral diseases warrants further study.
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Antonopoulos, Dionysios A., Susan M. Huse, Hilary G. Morrison, Thomas M. Schmidt, Mitchell L. Sogin y Vincent B. Young. "Reproducible Community Dynamics of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota following Antibiotic Perturbation". Infection and Immunity 77, n.º 6 (23 de marzo de 2009): 2367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01520-08.
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ABSTRACT Shifts in microbial communities are implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal diseases, but we have limited understanding of the mechanisms that lead to altered community structures. One difficulty with studying these mechanisms in human subjects is the inherent baseline variability of the microbiota in different individuals. In an effort to overcome this baseline variability, we employed a mouse model to control the host genotype, diet, and other possible influences on the microbiota. This allowed us to determine whether the indigenous microbiota in such mice had a stable baseline community structure and whether this community exhibited a consistent response following antibiotic administration. We employed a tag-sequencing strategy targeting the V6 hypervariable region of the bacterial small-subunit (16S) rRNA combined with massively parallel sequencing to determine the community structure of the gut microbiota. Inbred mice in a controlled environment harbored a reproducible baseline community that was significantly impacted by antibiotic administration. The ability of the gut microbial community to recover to baseline following the cessation of antibiotic administration differed according to the antibiotic regimen administered. Severe antibiotic pressure resulted in reproducible, long-lasting alterations in the gut microbial community, including a decrease in overall diversity. The finding of stereotypic responses of the indigenous microbiota to ecologic stress suggests that a better understanding of the factors that govern community structure could lead to strategies for the intentional manipulation of this ecosystem so as to preserve or restore a healthy microbiota.
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Berauer, Bernd Josef, Peter Allan Wilfahrt, Max Anatol Schuchardt, Marcus Schlingmann, Anne Schucknecht y Anke Jentsch. "High Land-Use Intensity Diminishes Stability of Forage Provision of Mountain Pastures under Future Climate Variability". Agronomy 11, n.º 5 (6 de mayo de 2021): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050910.
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Semi-natural, agriculturally used grasslands provide important ecologic and economic services, such as feed supply. In mountain regions, pastures are the dominant agricultural system and face more severe climate change impacts than lowlands. Climate change threatens ecosystem functions, such as aboveground net primary production [ANPP] and its nutrient content. It is necessary to understand the impacts of climate change and land-management on such ecosystems to develop management practices to sustainably maintain provision of ecosystem services under future climatic conditions. We studied the effect of climate change and different land-use intensities on plant-soil communities by the downslope translocation of plant-soil mesocosms along an elevation gradient in 2016, and the subsequent application of two management types (extensive vs. intensive). Communities’ response to ANPP and leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content was quantified over the subsequent two years after translocation. ANPP increased with warming in 2017 under both management intensities, but this effect was amplified by intensive land-use management. In 2018, ANPP of intensively managed communities decreased, in comparison to 2017, from 35% to 42%, while extensively managed communities maintained their production levels. The changes in ANPP are coupled with an exceptionally dry year in 2018, with up to 100 more days of drought conditions. The C:N of extensively managed communities was higher than those of intensively managed ones, and further increased in 2018, potentially indicating shifts in resource allocation strategies that may explain production stability. Our results revealed a low resistance of intensively managed communities’ ANPP under especially dry conditions. The ability to alter resource allocation likely enables a constant level of production under extensive management, but this ability is lost under intensive management. Thus, future drought events may leave intensive management as a non-sustainable farming practice, and ultimately threaten ecosystem services of montane pastures.
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Forester, Richard M. "OSTRACODE ASSEMBLAGES FROM SPRINGS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOHYDROLOGY". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 123, S155 (1991): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm123155181-1.
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AbstractOstracodes are a diverse group of marine and continental crustaceans that have radiated into virtually all oxygenated aquatic environments that persist for more than about a month. Continental ostracodes live in both surface water and groundwater.Ostracodes living in springs and seeps have typically been the subject of systematic rather than ecologic studies. These taxa may or may not occur in other surface-water bodies. Similarly, lacustrine taxa may or may not be found in springs. Spring taxa occurring in other surface waters are often found in ponds, marshes, streams, or on the edges of lakes where groundwater discharge is important. Groundwater discharge, unlike lake water, shows limited and predictable variability in chemistry and temperature during the year. That level of variability relative to lake water may define particular ostracode environmental gradients. The gradients would range from stable, high-volume discharge springs occupied principally by spring species to high variability lakes occupied largely by lacustrine species.Ostracode occurrences may also be described by parameters such as temperature, solute (dissolved ion) composition, solute concentration (salinity, conductivity, ionic strength), and calcite saturation indices. A plot of these parameters associated with the presence of a taxon illustrates its physiologic response to the environment, a field. Three general fields bounded by chemical parameters are delineated by existing data. Those fields are as follows: (1) a restricted range and (2) a full range of fresh water, and (3) both fresh and saline water. Fields bounded by temperature and chemistry are also recognized. The fields also offer a way of describing ostracode occurrences in terms of hydrogeology and climate.If ostracode occurrences are limited by major chemical and physical properties of the aquatic environment, then their habitat may be defined by certain physical–chemical principles. The same physical–chemical principles must apply to the past. The ecology of extinct taxa may, therefore, be defined in the same environmental terms as those for extant taxa.
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Vaicekauskienė, Loreta y Ērika Sausverde. "Lithuanian dialect reserve. Social and geographical restrictions imposed on dialect mobility as reflected in direct attitudinal studies". Taikomoji kalbotyra, n.º 1 (25 de octubre de 2012): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2012.17250.
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The paper investigates a twofold attitude towards linguistic diversity in the Lithuanian-speaking community, where, on the one hand, the dialects are valorised as a national and ethnographic asset and, on the other hand, certain restrictions on their use are imposed because of association with a lower social value and negative stereotypes. Three direct attitudinal studies serve as an empirical basis for the research: a quantitative survey, qualitative interviews and an experiment with high-school students on stereotypical traits of the dialect speaker. When discussing future prospects of dialect change, the overt values of the speakers are compared with the findings of the speaker evaluation experiment that have revealed subconscious values of dialectal speech. The research has shown that compared to the Soviet times, the ideological climate regarding dialects has become more politically correct. Positive attitudes are most prominent at a declarative level and when regional identity and the speaker’s affiliation with a particular community have to be emphasised. Daily personal experiences, however, with the functionality of a dialect and evaluations of social and geographic mobility of dialect speakers, show a less favourable assessment of dialectal speech in comparison to the standard (non-dialectal) varieties. It is very much due to a frequent negative stereotyping of dialect speakers. The subconscious attitudes also reveal that the dialectal variability of speech has an arguably lower social meaning compared to the non-dialectal variability. The attitudes and practices of non-professional (lay) people may be claimed to reflect a double-faced standardization ideology of the Lithuanian language, which valorises dialects as an ecologic asset and at the same time limits their functioning by putting them in the reserve of “immobile” speakers.
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Wu, Xiangbai, Qing Xu, Gen Li, Yuei-An Liou, Bin Wang, Huan Mei y Kai Tong. "Remotely-Observed Early Spring Warming in the Southwestern Yellow Sea Due to Weakened Winter Monsoon". Remote Sensing 11, n.º 21 (24 de octubre de 2019): 2478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212478.
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The seasonal warming over the southwestern Yellow Sea (YS) in the spring is of vital importance to the local ecologic environment, especially to the massive green algae blooms of the YS in late spring and early summer. Based on daily optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) data consisting of satellite derived SST from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and in situ measurements, this study analyzed the spring SST variation over the southwestern YS (SWYS) from 1982 to 2018. The results show that the recent warming trend of spring SST over the SWYS is four-to-six times that of the global average, and as a result, sea water over the Subei Shoal (SBS) shifts about 10–13 days earlier to reach 10 °C in early April. This implies that, accordingly, the micro-propagules of green algae over the SBS may have the chance to germinate earlier. SST variability in early April significantly correlates with northerly wind and exhibits a general warming over the SWYS with an intensified warming anchored along the axis of the submarine canyon off the Yangtze estuary. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) red–green–blue composite images captured the intrusion of the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) into the SWYS through the submarine canyon during northerly wind relaxation in early April. Ocean remote sensing provides important clues for understanding the regional SST variability in the SWYS. Following this clue, this study finds that the weakening of winter monsoon in the spring leads to northward migration of the TWC and results in enhanced spring warming over the SWYS. The attendant advanced warming in spring, resulting in a favorable temperature condition for early development of green alga, may have contributed to the green tide blooms in the Yellow Sea in the recent decade.
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Pornaro, Cristina, Matteo Serena, Stefano Macolino y Bernd Leinauer. "Drought Stress Response of Turf-Type Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes in a Mediterranean Environment". Agronomy 10, n.º 11 (17 de noviembre de 2020): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111810.
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Perennial ryegrass is generally known as exhibiting poor drought tolerance with poor recuperative capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute drought followed by a recovery period, on 11 perennial ryegrass varieties (Apple SGL, Azimuth, Barrage, Caddieshack, Double, Double Time, Ecologic, New Orleans, Pizzaz 2, Rainwater, Turfgold) and one tall fescue (Olympic Gold). The study was conducted in a rain-out structure to control water inputs. Green cover percentage, visual quality, color, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and soil moisture were measured weekly. Eighty percent coverage was considered optimal and was reached only during the first two weeks of the drought period. Starting from the fourth week, a significant decrease in green cover was observed for most of the perennial ryegrass cultivars. However, 5 cultivars displayed a visual quality rate greater than 6, which is considered acceptable during this period, while color ratings were recorded greater than 6 for 7 cultivars. At the end of the drought phase, the cultivar ’New Orleans’ exhibited significantly greater green cover compared to most other perennial ryegrasses. The recovery of the grasses was slow and at the end of the experiment the variability in green cover between cultivars was greater than during the first week.
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Hudson, Adam M., John W. Olsen, Jay Quade, Guoliang Lei, Tyler E. Huth y Hucai Zhang. "A regional record of expanded Holocene wetlands and prehistoric human occupation from paleowetland deposits of the western Yarlung Tsangpo valley, southern Tibetan Plateau". Quaternary Research 86, n.º 1 (julio de 2016): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/j.yqres.2016.04.001.
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AbstractThe Asian Monsoon, which brings ~80% of annual precipitation to much of the Tibetan Plateau, provides runoff to major rivers across the Asian continent. Paleoclimate records indicate summer insolation and North Atlantic paleotemperature changes forced variations in monsoon rainfall through the Holocene, resulting in hydrologic and ecologic changes in plateau watersheds. We present a record of Holocene hydrologic variability in the Yarlung Tsangpo (YT) valley of the southern Tibetan Plateau, based on sedimentology and 14C dating of organic-rich black mats’ in paleowetlands deposits, that shows changes in wetlands extent in response to changing monsoon intensity. Four sedimentary units indicate decreasing monsoon intensity since 10.4 ka BP. Wet conditions occurred at ~10.4 ka BP, ~9.6 ka BP and ~7.9–4.8 ka BP, with similar-to-modern conditions from ~4.6–2.0 ka BP, and drier-than-modern conditions from ~2.0 ka BP to present. Wetland changes correlate with monsoon intensity changes identified in nearby records, with weak monsoon intervals corresponding to desiccation and erosion of wetlands. Dating of in situ ceramic and microlithic artifacts within the wetlands indicates Epipaleolithic human occupation of the YT valley after 6.6 ka BP, supporting evidence for widespread colonization of the Tibetan Plateau in the early and mid-Holocene during warm, wet post-glacial conditions.
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GORINOIU, Gabriela, Karina SUHAI, Alina Ruja, Giancarla VELICEVICI y Cerasela PETOLESCU. "ASSESSMENT OF GRAIN YIELD STABILITY AND RELIABILITY IN SOME WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES". LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3, n.º 1 (29 de julio de 2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v3i1.167.
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Considering the continued and unpredictable variation of climatic condition, the yield stability has become an important topic in wheat breeding. This study evaluated the grain yield of 11 winter wheat varieties with different genetic and ecologic origin during three years, to compare the effects of genotype, year and genotype × year interactions and to determine their stability and reliability for cultivar recommendations. The climatic conditions during the three years had the highest contribution (80.03%) to the yield variability of wheat, while the varieties had a lower influence (11.41%), and the variety x year interaction contributed only with 8.56% to the total variation. In 2020, the climatic conditions were significantly more favorable than in 2018–2019, allowing obtaining yield increases of 33.82-44.20%. Also, in 2018 there was a higher favorability of the growing conditions compared to that of 2019, associated with significant yield increases of 7.75%. The highest yield stability was observed in Boema and Galio varieties, on the background of a non-crossover genotype x environment (GE) interaction. The stability of these varieties has been associated with different yield levels, above the experience mean in Galio and below the experience mean in Boema, respectively. In Akteur and Josef varieties, the yield was strongly influenced by the GE interaction, being associated with lower levels than the experience mean. On the background of high occurrence probabilities (0.75–0.95) of unfavorable environmental conditions for wheat crop, Galio and Laurenzio varieties would have the highest yield reliability, associated with values of 5173–6328 kg/ha (Galio) and 5101–5979 kg/ha (Laurenzio). As such, given the results of all stability parameters, it turns out that the Romanian varieties showed a good adaptation to the local ecological conditions compared to most of the foreign varieties.
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Sintorini, Margareta Maria. "Pengaruh Iklim terhadap Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue". Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 2, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v2i1.279.
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Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) telah menjadi penyakit endemik di kota-kota besar di Indonesia. Ramalan Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change tahun 1996 menyebutkan insidens DBD di Indonesia dapat meningkat tiga kali lipat pada tahun 2070. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuat model di- namika sistem dengan analisis ekologi untuk mengetahui dinamika kejadian DBD dalam kaitan dengan pola variablitas iklim di DKI Jakarta. Rancangan penelitian digunakan adalah ecologic study dengan uji hipotesis, permodelan, simulasi, dan intervensi. Wawancara terhadap 844 responden untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku (PSP) masyarakat. Pengukuran faktor iklim meliputi curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban, intensitas cahaya, dan kadar CO2. Aspek vektor yang diukur adalah angka hinggap per jam nyamuk Aedes (AHJ) dan nyamuk istirahat per rumah (NIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kasus DBD dipengaruhi curah hujan (p:0,000..), suhu lingkungan (p:0,000..), kelembaban ruang (p:0,003), kelembaban lingkungan (p:0,000..), AHJ Aedes (p:0,016), NIR Aedes (p:0,000..) dan pengetahuan masyarakat (p:0,008). Disimpulkan, faktor iklim yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kasus DBD adalah curah hujan, suhu dan kelembaban serta pengetahuan masyarakat yang rendah. Sedangkan AHJ Aedes dapat dijadikan indikator kenaikan kasus DBD.Kata kunci: Demam berdarah dengue, perubahan iklimAbstractDengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has become endemic in many big cities in Indonesia. It was predicted by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, that in 1996 the DHF in Indonesia in 2070 would be tripled. The objective of this research is to make a system dynamic model using ecological analysis to identify the dynamic of DHF cases related to the pattern of the climate variability in Jakarta. This research uses the design of ecological study with hypothesis testing, modeling, simulation, and intervention. Respondents of 844 households were interviewed to explore their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding DHF using a standard questionnaire. Precipitation, humidity, light intensity and CO2 concentration were determined per week. AHJ (Man Landing Rate) and NIR (resting habit) were determined for Aedes population density. The results indicate that the DHF cases all are influenced by precipitation (0.000), temperature ambient (0.000), indoor humidity (0.003), outdoor humidity (0.000), AHJ (0.016), NIR (0.000), and knowledge (0.008). The most influencial climate factor to the DHF cases are precipitation, temperature, humidity and the low level of the community knowledge.Key words: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, climate change
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Allen, George H., Xiao Yang, John Gardner, Joel Holliman, Cédric H. David y Matthew Ross. "Timing of Landsat Overpasses Effectively Captures Flow Conditions of Large Rivers". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 9 (9 de mayo de 2020): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091510.
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Satellites provide a temporally discontinuous record of hydrological conditions along Earth’s rivers (e.g., river width, height, water quality). The degree to which archived satellite data effectively capture the overall population of river flow frequency is unknown. Here, we use the entire archives of Landsat 5, 7, and 8 to determine when a cloud-free image is available over the United States Geological Survey (USGS) river gauges located on Landsat-observable rivers. We compare the flow frequency distribution derived from the daily gauge record to the flow frequency distribution derived from ideally sampling gauged discharge based on the timing of cloud-free Landsat overpasses. Examining the patterns of flow frequency across multiple gauges, we find that there is not a statistically significant difference between the flow frequency distribution associated with observations contained within the Landsat archive and the flow frequency distribution derived from the daily gauge data (α = 0.05), except for hydrological extremes like maximum and minimum flow. At individual gauges, we find that Landsat observations span a wide range of hydrological conditions (97% of total flow variability observed in 90% of the study gauges) but the degree to which the Landsat sample can represent flow frequency distribution varies from location to location and depends on sample size. The results of this study indicate that the Landsat archive is, on average, representative of the temporal frequencies of hydrological conditions present along Earth’s large rivers with broad utility for hydrological, ecologic and biogeochemical evaluations of river systems.
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Catelan, Dolores, Manuela Giangreco, Annibale Biggeri, Fabio Barbone, Lorenzo Monasta, Giuseppe Ricci, Federico Romano, Valentina Rosolen, Gabriella Zito y Luca Ronfani. "Spatial Patterns of Endometriosis Incidence. A Study in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy) in the Period 2004–2017". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 13 (5 de julio de 2021): 7175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137175.
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Background: Diagnosis of endometriosis and evaluation of incidence data are complex tasks because the disease is identified laparoscopically and confirmed histologically. Incidence estimates reported in literature are widely inconsistent, presumably reflecting geographical variability of risk and the difficulty of obtaining reliable data. Methods: We retrieved incident cases of endometriosis in women aged 15–50 years using hospital discharge records and pathology databases of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region in the calendar period 2004–2017. We studied the spatial pattern of endometriosis incidence applying Bayesian approaches to Disease Mapping, and profiled municipalities at higher risk controlling for multiple comparisons using both q-values and a fully Bayesian approach. Results: 4125 new cases of endometriosis were identified in the age range 15 to 50 years in the period 2004–2017. The incidence rate (x100 000) is 111 (95% CI 110–112), with a maximum of 160 in the age group 31–35 years. The geographical distribution of endometriosis incidence showed a very strong north-south spatial gradient. We consistently identified a group of five neighboring municipalities at higher risk (RR 1.31 95% CI 1.13; 1.52), even accounting for ascertainment bias. Conclusions: The cluster of 5 municipalities in the industrialized and polluted south-east part of the region is suggestive. However, due to the ecologic nature of the present study, information on the patients’ characteristics and exposure histories are limited. Individual studies, including biomonitoring, and life-course studies are necessary to better evaluate our findings.
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Richey, Jon D., Isabel P. Montañez, Yves Goddéris, Cindy V. Looy, Neil P. Griffis y William A. DiMichele. "Influence of temporally varying weatherability on CO<sub>2</sub>-climate coupling and ecosystem change in the late Paleozoic". Climate of the Past 16, n.º 5 (22 de septiembre de 2020): 1759–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1759-2020.
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Abstract. Earth's penultimate icehouse period, the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA), was a time of dynamic glaciation and repeated ecosystem perturbation, which was under conditions of substantial variability in atmospheric pCO2 and O2. Improved constraints on the evolution of atmospheric pCO2 and O2∕CO2 ratios during the LPIA and its subsequent demise to permanent greenhouse conditions are crucial for better understanding the nature of linkages between atmospheric composition, climate, and ecosystem perturbation during this time. We present a new and age-recalibrated pCO2 reconstruction for a 40 Myr interval (∼313 to 273 Ma) of the late Paleozoic that (1) confirms a previously hypothesized strong CO2–glaciation linkage, (2) documents synchroneity between major pCO2 and O2∕CO2 changes and compositional turnovers in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, (3) lends support for a modeled progressive decrease in the CO2 threshold for initiation of continental ice sheets during the LPIA, and (4) indicates a likely role of CO2 and O2∕CO2 thresholds in floral ecologic turnovers. Modeling of the relative role of CO2 sinks and sources active during the LPIA and its demise on steady-state pCO2 using an intermediate-complexity climate–carbon cycle model (GEOCLIM) and comparison to the new multi-proxy CO2 record provides new insight into the relative influences of the uplift of the Central Pangean Mountains, intensifying aridification, and increasing mafic rock to granite rock ratio of outcropping rocks on the global efficiency of CO2 consumption and secular change in steady-state pCO2 through the late Paleozoic.
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"World’s Largest Lake Sheds Light on Ecosystem Responses to Climate Variability". Ecologia 1, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2010): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ecologia.2011.83.83.
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Trepekli, Katerina y Thomas Friborg. "Deriving Aerodynamic Roughness Length at Ultra-High Resolution in Agricultural Areas Using UAV-Borne LiDAR". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 17 (6 de septiembre de 2021): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173538.
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The aerodynamic roughness length (Z0) and surface geometry at ultra-high resolution in precision agriculture and agroforestry have substantial potential to improve aerodynamic process modeling for sustainable farming practices and recreational activities. We explored the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne LiDAR systems to provide Z0 maps with the level of spatiotemporal resolution demanded by precision agriculture by generating the 3D structure of vegetated surfaces and linking the derived geometry with morphometric roughness models. We evaluated the performance of three filtering algorithms to segment the LiDAR-derived point clouds into vegetation and ground points in order to obtain the vegetation height metrics and density at a 0.10 m resolution. The effectiveness of three morphometric models to determine the Z0 maps of Danish cropland and the surrounding evergreen trees was assessed by comparing the results with corresponding Z0 values from a nearby eddy covariance tower (Z0_EC). A morphological filter performed satisfactorily over a homogeneous surface, whereas the progressive triangulated irregular network densification algorithm produced fewer errors with a heterogeneous surface. Z0 from UAV-LiDAR-driven models converged with Z0_EC at the source area scale. The Raupach roughness model appropriately simulated temporal variations in Z0 conditioned by vertical and horizontal vegetation density. The Z0 calculated as a fraction of vegetation height or as a function of vegetation height variability resulted in greater differences with the Z0_EC. Deriving Z0 in this manner could be highly useful in the context of surface energy balance and wind profile estimations for micrometeorological, hydrologic, and ecologic applications in similar sites.
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Caldeira, Paulo, Ana Paulo, Jorge Infante y Duarte Araújo. "La influencia de la pedagogía no-linear y del abordaje basado en los constreñimientos en el entrenamiento del remate en el voleibol (The influence of nonlinear pedagogy and constraints-led approach on volleyball attack training)". Retos, n.º 36 (15 de marzo de 2019): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v36i36.67070.
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El objetivo de este articulo es repasar los fundamentos teóricos del abordaje basado en los constreñimientos y de la pedagogía no-linear e como, según sus principios, podrá ser abordado el entrenamiento de voleibol. En este sentido, para estructurar el entrenamiento de voleibol y mejorar el desempeño en juego son desarrollados los principios de manutención del contexto ecológico, de manipulación de tarea, de concentrar las instrucciones en un foco externo valorizando los efectos de la acción. En el voleibol el ataque es responsable por la mayoría de los puntos efectuados, lo que subraya la importancia del entrenamiento de esta acción táctica en un contexto ecológico. Es presentado un ejemplo de la aplicación del abordaje basado en los constreñimientos y de la pedagogía no-linear a la sub-fase de ataque con oposición de bloque.The objective of this article is to overview the principles of the constraints-led approach and nonlinear pedagogy and how they can be applied to volleyball training. To better structure volleyball training and enhance game performance are developed the principles of representative context, task manipulation, instructions based on external focus of attention highlighting the effects of the action and taking advantage on movement variability. In volleyball games, attack is responsible for the majority of points, which highlights the importance of training this tactical action in a representative context. We present an example of how to apply the constraints-led approach and nonlinear pedagogy to the sub-phase of attack with block opposition.Palabras llave: Dinámica ecológica; Pedagogía no-linear; Abordaje basada en constreñimientos; Voleibol (Keywords: Ecologic Dynamics; Nonlinear Pedagogy; Constraints-led Approach; Volleyball)
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Kufa, T. y J. Burkhardt. "Spatial Variability in Water Relations of Wild Coffea arabica Populations in the Montane Rainforests of Ethiopia". Ecologia 1, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2010): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ecologia.2011.31.43.
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Achiorno, Cecilia Luján, Cristina De Villalobos y Lucrecia Ferrari. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFECTIVITY OF CHORDODES NOBILII LARVAE (GORDIIDA, NEMATOMORPHA)". Revista de Biología Tropical 65, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1.23536.
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The gordiids, freshwater representatives of the parasite phylum Nematomorpha, function as a link between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; but despite the Gordiida's ecologic relevance, further studies are still needed to elucidate different aspects of the biology of the class—and among those, the infective capacity, a parameter that can be evaluated by the infection index mean abundance (IIMA). A knowledge of the intrinsic variability in the infective capacity of Chordodes nobilii would warrant priority in order to establish the range of acceptable responses for normal or standard conditions in the laboratory and to compare the criteria among different assays. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a baseline value for the infective capacity for Aedes aegypti larvae of the gordiid C. nobilii under controlled laboratory conditions by employing the IIMA as the evaluation parameter. To that end, we analyzed the infective capacity of C. nobilii larvae that had hatched from different strings of eggs laid in the laboratory by a total of 12 females. Our results enabled the corroboration of an ample range of responses in the infective capacity of this species, which characteristic would be linked to the female of origin of the hatch. Because this relationship prevents the establishment of a baseline for making comparisons among assays with gordiids through the IIMA as a response parameter, we recommend expressing the IIMA values in each assay relative to their respective controls. These findings also provide evidence for the greater success in infections by certain members of the progeny over others. Finally, on the basis of the results obtained from this study, we stress the relevance of the use of the IIMA as a final/definitive point to consider in different studies on the biology of the Gordiida.
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Egorova, Natalya Yu, Tatiana L. Egoshina y Artem V. Yaroslavtsev. "Vaccinium myrtillus L. in Kirov region (southern taiga subzone): phytocoenotic confinement and ecological preferences". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, n.º 53 (2021): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/53/4.
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Vaccinium myrtillus L. is an important component for forming phyto-environment in boreal forest ecosystems, in which it develops various consortium connections. Being a mycorrhizal species, V. myrtillus improves nutrition and stimulates the growth of plants of all layers, supporting inter- and intra-specific connections of different layers of forest communities. In order to estimate the environment-forming role of V. myrtillus in ecosystems it is essential to acquire data on quantitative presence of the species in plant communities composition and on ecological-phytocoenotic peculiarities within its range. The aim of the study is to define phytocoenotic parameters and ecological conditions of V. myrtillus habitats within the southern taiga part of its range (Kirov region). We collected the material during the growing seasons of 2009-2015 and made 110 geobotanical descriptions according to common geobotanical methods (Methods of studies…, 2002). Ecological conditions were estimated based on species compositions in communities using 10 ecological scales by Dmitry Tsyganov (1983). The ecological discomfort index was determined for each habitat (Klimenko, 2012). Common methods of soil analyses were used for different biotopes of the studied species (Arinushkina, 1962). Hemeroby was determined by the species composition in plant communities, in which every species has individual human impact tolerance spectre (Frank and Klotz, 1990). V. myrtillus acts as a dominant or codominant of the herbaceous-shrub synfolium of boreal coniferous and mixed forest communities with 30-70% cover. It is accompanied by the following species: Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Rubus saxatilis L., Juncus filiformis L., Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth., Thelypteris palustris Schot, Melampyrum sylvaticum L., and Majanthemum bifolium (L.) F. Schmidt. The species is found on gley and gleyic podzolic soils, mostly sabulous, rarely-sandy; and on peatygley and sod-podzolic soils (See Table 1). Bilberry is common on high acidity soils with pH varying from 2.54 to 4.93. The concentration of organic carbon in bilberry forest litter varies from 5.71 to 69.2% (See Fig. 1). V. myrtillus is a mesobiont species whose average ecologic valency coefficient reaches 55%. In the investigated coenopopulations, the species achieves 8.15 to 50.10% of its potential capabilities regarding the studied factors. V. myrtillus is a hemieurybiont by climatic factors (0.58 points). It achieves its maximum on ombroclimatic scale (44.5%). According to climatic scales, ecological conditions of the studied habitats occupy the central position of all possible. The generalized spectrum of soil scales shows the species as a mesobiont (It–0.45). This allows widening V. myrtillus soil humidity scale 1.27 point left and soil moisture variability scale 0.80 points right. On other scales, the environmental position of the studied coenopopulations are within the data given by Dmitry Tsyganov for the species (See Table 2 and Fig. 2). The discomfort index is also given to estimate habitat ecological conditions. Based on phytoindication data and according to the discomfort index, we defined that the most favorable conditions of edapho- and climatopes for V. myrtillus are formed in sphagnum phytocoenoses. The least favorable conditions were noted in bilberry pine and bilberrypleurocarpous moss pine-spruce forest types. The study of hemeroby showed that oligo-mesohemerob species (highly sensitive to anthropogenic factors) prevail in all V. myrtillus coenopopulations, i.e. 41%. A-hemerob, a-euhemerob and polyhemerob species were not noted in any of the studied CPs (See Table 3 and Fig. 3). This proves that the species is of low resistance to anthropogenic influence and can survive moderate intensity human impact. The studied plant communities with V. myrtillus are low-hemerobic.
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Poulíčková, Aloisie y Radko Novotný. "Morphological variability of Stephanodiscus hantzschii under ecological conditions of the Vajgar fishpond". Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 92 (19 de marzo de 1999): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/92/1999/57.
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Pan, Caleb G., Peter B. Kirchner, John S. Kimball y Jinyang Du. "A Long-Term Passive Microwave Snowoff Record for the Alaska Region 1988–2016". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010153.
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Snowoff (SO) date—defined as the last day of observed seasonal snow cover—is an important governor of ecologic and hydrologic processes across Alaska and Arctic-Boreal landscapes; however, our understanding and capacity for the monitoring of spatial and temporal variability in the SO date is still lacking. In this study, we present a 6.25 km spatially gridded passive microwave (PMW) SO data record, complimenting current Alaskan SO records from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Landsat, but extending the SO record an additional 13 years. The PMW SO record was validated against in situ snow depth observations and showed favorable accuracy (0.66–0.92 mean correlations; 2–10 day mean absolute errors) for the major climate regions of Alaska. The PMW SO results were also within 10 days of finer spatial scale SO observational records, including Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS), MODIS, and Landsat, for a majority (75%) of Alaska. However, the PMW record showed a general SO delay at higher elevations and across the Alaska North Slope, and earlier SO in the Alaska interior and southwest regions relative to the other SO records. Overall, we assign an uncertainty +/−11 days to the PMW SO. The PMW SO record benefits from the near-daily temporal fidelity of underlying brightness temperature (Tb) observations and reveals a mean regional trend in earlier SO timing (−0.39 days yr−1), while significant (p < 0.1) SO trend areas encompassed 11% of the Alaska domain and ranged from −0.11 days yr−1 to −1.31 days yr−1 over the 29-year satellite record. The observed SO dates also showed anomalous early SO dates during markedly warm years. Our results clarify the pattern and rate of SO changes across Alaska, which are interactive with global warming and contributing to widespread permafrost degradation, changes in regional hydrology, ecosystems, and associated services. Our results also provide a robust means for SO monitoring from satellite PMW observations with similar precision as more traditional and finer scale observations.
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Lebeda, A., B. Sedláková, E. Křístková y M. Vysoudil. "Long-lasting changes in the species spectrum of cucurbit powdery mildew in the Czech Republic – influence of air temperature changes or random effect?" Plant Protection Science 45, Special Issue (3 de enero de 2010): S41—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2807-pps.
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Two ectoparasite powdery mildew species <i>Golovinomyces cichoracearum</i> (<i>Gc</i>) and <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> (<i>Px</i>) occurring on cucurbits differ, besides other characteristics, by specific ecologic requirements. While <i>Px</i> is common in subtropical and tropical areas and greenhouse crops, <i>Gc</i> occurs more frequently in temperate and cooler areas under field conditions. Their presence on cucurbit field crops (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>, <i>C. maxima</i>, <i>Cucumis sativus</i>) was monitored in the Czechoslovakia (1979–1980) and in the Czech Republic (1995–2007). Their identification was carried out by microscopic observation of the morphological characteristics of the dry conidia on 1527 leaf samples. Data on air temperature in 1979–2007 were provided by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. In 1979–1980 <i>Gc</i> was identified in 86.0% of samples, <i>Px</i> in 14.0% samples, there was no mixed infection; prevalence of <i>Px</i> was recorded in South Slovakia and South Moravia, and on crops under cover. Since 1995 species <i>Px</i> was recorded each year on field crops in different locations of Bohemia and Moravia, usually in mixed infection with <i>Gc</i>. The average year temperature of 8.1°C for period 1992–2007 was higher than corresponding value of 7.4°C in 1979–1983. Similarly, average temperature in vegetation season of 16.2°C in 1992–2007 was higher than corresponding value of 15.7°C in 1979–1983. The higher air temperature can positively influence spreading of <i>Px</i> in the Czech Republic. Climate variability and effect of their changes are discussed in relationship to the geographic distribution and geographic patterns of cucurbit powdery mildews.
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Nwosu, D. J., B. D. Olatunbosun y I. S. Adetiloye. "Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Cowpea Genotypes in Two Agro-ecological Environments". Greener Journal of Biological Sciences 3, n.º 5 (13 de julio de 2013): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjbs.2013.5.061313672.
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Butt, Fayaz y Anima Langer. "Studies on the population status of Dumortiera Hirsuta (S.W.) Nees growing in Bhaderwah (North West Himalaya)". Indian Journal of Forestry 34, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2011): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-pha1hr.
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Paper includes information on intraspecific variability (ecologial and morpho-anatomical) among 25 accessions of Dumortiera hirsuta collected from diverse habitats in Bhaderwah (J.&K.). Taxon exhibits tremendous diversity in ecological (habitat, pH and altitude) and morpho-anatomical (both gametophytic and sporophytic) characters.
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Benda, Petr y Marek Uvizl. "Taxonomic revision of Myotis emarginatus: detailed morphometric analysis and final evaluation of the evidence (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)". Lynx new series 52, n.º 1 (2022): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/lynx.2021.003.
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The Geoffroy’s bat, Myotis emarginatus, is the only species distributed in the Palaearctic belonging to the African clade of the genus Myotis. It occurs extensively across several ecologic zones of Europe, north-western Africa, and western and central Asia, and hence it was considered to be a polytypic species. Only one subspecies was reported from Europe and North Africa, up to four subspecies were recognised in Asia. However, the validity of particular taxa as well as the systematic positions of different populations remained ambiguous. Here we present a revision of the intraspecific phylogenetic structure of M. emarginatus based on combination of the available results of a molecular genetic analysis with the results of a thorough morphologic examination of an extensive specimen set from almost the whole range of its distribution. The previously described geographic variability in the mitochondrial markers demonstrated grouping of haplotypes of M. emarginatus into three main lineages that occur in (1) the Mediterranean Basin (including central Europe, the Maghreb and Levant), (2) Oman and south-eastern Iran, and (3) northern Iran and West Turkestan. The morphologic comparison uncovered the existence of four main, geographically exclusive morphotypes in M. emarginatus, concerning the body, skull and tooth sizes, and skull and tooth shapes: (1) rather small bats with short rostrum and high braincase, occurring in Europe and north-western Africa; (2) rather medium-sized bats with long rostrum and short braincase from the Levant including Cyprus; (3) large bats with wide and long rostrum from the south-eastern parts of the Middle East, including Oman, south-eastern Iran and eastern Afghanistan, and (4) large bats with narrow and short rostrum, occurring in Crimea, the Caucasus region, and West Turkestan. As a synthesis of the results of both approaches, we suggest to recognise three subspecies within the Myotis emarginatus species rank – M. e. emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806) distributed in the Mediterranean, central and western Europe, north-western Africa, and in the Levant; M. e. desertorum (Dobson, 1875) in the south-eastern Middle East, including southern Iran, Oman, and Afghanistan; and M. e. turcomanicus (Bobrinskoj, 1925) in the Caucasus region, Crimea, Transcaucasia, and West Turkestan.
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Blau, Jill Philine. "Commons Research and Pastoralism in the Context of Variability". Nomadic Peoples 24, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2020): 272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/np.2020.240207.
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Research has shown that pastoralism and the management of the commons are connected (Bollig and Lesogorol 2016). In this article I discuss how the concept of variability, which emerged from discussions of dryland ecologies in the 1980s (Homewood 2008), can inform and enhance research on the commons and vice versa. Research on the commons can further elucidate the understanding of pastoralist practices. I conclude with reflections drawn from some empirical examples in the literature, the use of the socio-ecological systems (SES) framework, and discuss the benefits and potential problems when applied to heterogeneous and flexible pastoralist practices and to the pastoral management of the commons.
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Cohen, Adam B., Douglas T. Kenrick y Yexin Jessica Li. "Ecological variability and religious beliefs". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, n.º 5 (octubre de 2006): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06289106.
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Religious beliefs, including those about an afterlife and omniscient spiritual beings, vary across cultures. We theorize that such variations may be predictably linked to ecological variations, just as differences in mating strategies covary with resource distribution. Perhaps beliefs in a soul or afterlife are more common when resources are unpredictable, and life is brutal and short.
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Ebrahim, Ahmed Aliy, Birhan Asmame Miheretu y Arragaw Alemayehu. "Vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change across different agro-ecological Zones in Oromo Nationality Administration (ONA), North east Ethiopia". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 6 (22 de junio de 2022): e0268094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268094.
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Ethiopia is frequently identified as a country that is highly vulnerable to climate variability and change. The study was aimed to examine agro-ecological based smallholder farmers’ livelihood vulnerability to climate variability and change in Oromo Nationality Administration (ONA), North East Ethiopia. Data were collected from a survey of 335 sampled households, focus group discussion, and interview from three different agro-ecologies in the study area and secondary sources. Count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test (test of independence), ANOVA, Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC were used for analysis. LVI and LVI-IPCC results revealed that Kolla is the most vulnerable (0.18) because of its highest exposure (0.74) and sensitivity (0.71) values and lowest adaptive capacity (0.49) while Daga is least vulnerable (0.08) because of its lowest exposure (0.61) and sensitivity (0.42). Overall, results suggest that the two methods resulted in similar degrees of vulnerability and identified Kolla agro-ecological zone as the most vulnerable while the Dega agro-ecological zone is the least vulnerable of the three agro-ecological zones. The researchers conclude that development strategies and plans should be prepared considering local-specific issues and/or situation.
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Neupert, S. D., J. A. Bellingtier y D. M. Almeida. "VARIABILITY AND REGULATION IN STRESSOR ECOLOGIES". Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (1 de noviembre de 2018): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.2967.
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Ofgeha, Gemechu Yigezu y Muluneh Woldetsadik Abshire. "Spatio-temporal Variability and Trends in Rainfall and Temperature in Anger watershed, Southwestern Ethiopia". Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 5, n.º 1 (27 de abril de 2021): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v5i1.2825.
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Insights to broadly argued research gap on lack of climate studies at micro-scale considering unique features of an area, this paper intended to examine agro-ecological level spatio-temporal trends and variability in rainfall and temperature in Anger watershed of southwestern Ethiopia. The gridded data managed by the Ethiopia National Meteorological Services Agency (NMSA) for 1983-2018 were used. The Mann-Kendall test for trend analysis and different variability measures were used. Questionnaire and FGD data on community perceptions gathered from 214 households and elders were analysed descriptively and qualitatively. The study reveals the consistent increasing trends in temperature; and high variability and insignificant but increasing rainfall trend. The trends and variability show spatio-temporal differences along agro-ecologies. The watershed is characterized by moderate to high rainfall coefficient of variations, significant years of high rainfall concentration, and considerable negative annual rainfall anomalies; that the variability was severe in woinadega followed by kolla agro-ecology. Although, the perceptions on trends, variability and its implications show difference across agro-ecology, the propensity to increased temperature, unclear rainfall trend and significant inter-annual and seasonal variability were witnessed. Unpredictability of rainfall time, concentrations in kiremt, and unexpected rain during harvesting was major challenges resulting multifaceted impacts on the small-scale farmers’ livelihoods.
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Primakov, Nikolay V. "Динамика запасов углерода при формировании лесов на постагрогенных землях". Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), n.º 1 (9 de febrero de 2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-1-60-68.
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Modern shelterbelts of Krasnodar Krai do not fully protect arable land and often have different sanitary state. Under these conditions, the preservation of forest shelterbelts and their protective functions in the system of agroforestry and other complex continues to be relevant. The research was carried out in the main and auxiliary forest shelterbelts within the boundaries of the Ust-Labinsk district of Krasnodar Krai. The purpose of the research was to determine the ecological state of the forest shelterbelts by identifying their integrity and implementation of forestry and land reclamation assessment. In order to obtain more complete information on their state, a remote assessment of the tree canopy integrity of the shelterbelts was carried out. It follows from the remote assessment analysis that about 42.5 % of the area surveyed in the key plots of plantations has an average degree of integrity of tree canopy, high – 22.3 %, low and very low – 35.2 %. Lower indicators of the tree canopy integrity are observed in the auxiliary forest shelterbelts. The percentage participation of each group of forest shelterbelts allowed us to rank the ranges of integrity corresponding to a certain forestry and land reclamation assessment (units). The range of the tree canopy integrity from 0 to 25 % corresponds to grade 1, from 25 to 50 % – 2, from 50 to 70 % – 3, from 70 to 100 % – 4. Based on this, the shelterbelts were devided into 4 groups: norm, risk, crisis and disaster. The results of determining the ecological state of the forest shelterbelts by ground and remote methods in the Ust-Labinsk district of Krasnodar Krai showed that a significant part of the surveyed plantations has a dense structure and requires silvicultural care. The group of the forest shelterbelts “disaster” needs reconstruction. This will significantly improve the environmental condition and reclamation efficiency, as well as increase the service life of the systems of forest sheltebelts.
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Ofori, Leslie. "Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 91, n.º 44 (2010): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010eo440010.
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Acevedo-Osorio, Álvaro, Arlex Angarita Leiton, Mónica Viviana León Durán y Karen Lorena Franco Quiroga. "SUSTENTABILIDAD Y VARIABILIDAD CLIMÁTICA: ACCIONES AGROECOLÓGICAS PARTICIPATIVAS DE ADAPTACIÓN Y RESILIENCIA SOCIOECOLÓGICA EN LA REGIÓN ALTO-ANDINA COLOMBIANA". Luna Azul, n.º 44 (13 de abril de 2017): 06–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2017.44.2.
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Turco, S., R. Napolitano, G. Alberti, A. Altobelli, P. Ganis y PL Bonfanti. "GIS-based analysis of relationships between ecological factors and forest vegetation in the Prealps (North-east Italy)". Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 1, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2004): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0227-0010088.
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V. Bets, Larissa. "Ecological Variability of Hormonal Concentrations in Modern Humans". Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science 24, n.º 4 (2005): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.451.
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Kоntsurak, Viktor. "ECOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF THE CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN STATE FORMATION". Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, n.º 4(3-4) (6 de mayo de 2018): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2018.5007.4(3-4)-4.
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At the same time, monitoring of the situation, adoption of separate legislative acts, environmental issues in the election campaigns have not led to the formation and development of environmental policy in its modern civilized sense. Unfortunately, within the framework of the state formation processes, environmental and resource-saving issues have always been the least important among the problems encountered by the young Ukrainian state. From our point of view, this is not justified.
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Palmer, C. J., R. E. A. van Emmerik y J. Hamill. "Ecological gait dynamics: stability, variability and optimal design". Footwear Science 4, n.º 2 (junio de 2012): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2012.666271.
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