Artículos de revistas: "Eco-Friendly gas"

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Baek, Y. W., D. W. Kim, W. S. Park, M. C. S. Williams y R. Zuyeuski. "MRPC with eco-friendly gas". Journal of Instrumentation 14, n.º 11 (21 de noviembre de 2019): C11022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/11/c11022.

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Benussi, L., S. Bianco, G. Saviano, S. Muhammad, D. Piccolo, M. Ferrini, M. Parvis et al. "Candidate eco-friendly gas mixtures for MPGDs". EPJ Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817405004.

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Modern gas detectors for detection of particles require F-based gases for optimal performance. Recent regulations demand the use of environmentally unfriendly F-based gases to be limited or banned. This review studies properties of potential eco-friendly gas candidate replacements.

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Guney, Ezgi y Okan Ozgonenel. "An Eco-Friendly Gas Insulated Transformer Design". Energies 14, n.º 12 (21 de junio de 2021): 3698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123698.

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Electricity companies around the world are constantly seeking ways to provide electricity more safely and efficiently while reducing the negative impact on the environment. Mineral oils have been the most popular transformer insulation, having excellent electrical insulating properties, but have many problems such as high flammability, significant cleaning problems, and are toxic to fish and wildlife. This paper presents an alternative approach to mineral oil: a transformer design that is clean and provides better performance and environmental benefits. A 50 kVA, 34.5/0.4 kV gas insulated distribution transformer was designed and evaluated using the COMSOL Multiphysics environment. R410A was used as insulation material. R410A is a near-azeotropic mixture of difluoromethane (CH2F2, called R-32) and pentafluoro ethane (C2HF5, called R-125), which is used as a refrigerant in air conditioning applications. It has excellent properties including environmentally friendly, no-ozone depletion, low greenhouse effect, non-explosive and non-flammable, First, the breakdown voltage of the selected gas was determined. The electrostatic and thermal properties of the R410A gas insulated transformer were investigated in the COMSOL environment. The simulation results for the performance of oil and SF6 gas insulated transformers using the same model were compared. The gas-insulated transformer is believed to have equivalent performance and is an environmentally friendly alternative to current oil-based transformers.

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Sarkar, S. C. "LNG as an energy efficient eco-friendly cryogenic fuel". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2005): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i4a3089.

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The use of an old fuel in a new form has progressed at a rapid space for the last couple of years, due to its several advantages. The fuel in question is natural gas and, its new form, is liquefied natural gas designated as LNG. LNG transported in cryogenic vessels offers several advantages over pipe line transport of natural gas when the gas consuming areas are far away from the gas producing areas. Moreover, LNG as an automobile fuel has also a definite edge over other fuel. However, the LNG age in India is of very recent origin and, only in January, 2004, the first LNG cargo had reached an Indian port in the state of Gujarat. In this juncture, this paper presents an effective study on the characteristics of LNG, advantages and disadvantages of various natural gas liquefaction cycles, the present state of affairs of LNG in India, its import and CNG versus LNG as an automobile fuel, eco-friendliness of natural gas fuel etc. It also discusses the potential of natural gas generation from different sources, and the need for indigenous development of LNG technology for import substitution in the Indian context.

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Gavrilov, G. E., A. A. Dzyuba, A. A. Fetisov, D. S. Ilyin, S. A. Nasybulin y V. I. Tarakanov. "Investigation of Eco-Friendly Gas Mixture for Gas Discharge Particle Detectors". Physics of Atomic Nuclei 83, n.º 10 (diciembre de 2020): 1449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778820090100.

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Farfán, Ricardo Fabricio Muñoz, Telly Yarita Macías Zambrano, Víctor Manuel Delgado Sosa y Vicente Zambrano. "Design of eco-friendly refrigeration system". International journal of physical sciences and engineering 3, n.º 2 (14 de mayo de 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v3n2.285.

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The present study of a freezing system has developed based on an air conditioning system, whose purpose is to take advantage of the technological transfer of cold producing equipment for food storage and conservation uses. The installed capacity of 9000 BTU/Hr was considered for the choice of equipment. We studied the freezing process of fish, water, and the preservation of legumes with a volume of 1 kg per product individually. The freezing temperature has evaluated with a mechanical compression refrigeration system of Gas R22 with temperature interactions of 29.6 ° C to -12 ° C. and monitored with a Proportional Integrative Derivative (PID) controller. For production cost, the equipment was mostly made of its parts and pieces with recycling material. A descriptive experimental design has carried out, for the verification of results. The equipment managed to reach chamber temperatures of -13 ° C from 20 minutes once the equipment (compressor) has turned on under specific product descriptions.

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Kang, M., Y. Jo, K. S. Lee, S. H. Kim, J. W. Ko, K. Y. Lee, B. D. Park et al. "Study of eco-friendly gas mixtures for SHiP RPCs". Journal of the Korean Physical Society 80, n.º 1 (19 de noviembre de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40042-021-00325-6.

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Lapshin, V. F. "Eco-friendly sun lamp for railway facilities". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 042092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042092.

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Abstract The paper considers the possibility of using a pulsed discharge in cesium as an environmentally friendly high quality light source for lighting industrial premises of railway transport facilities. The use of cesium filling of standard sapphire burners of high-pressure sodium lamps and a pulsed mode of electric power supply of the discharge to create a light source has been substantiated. A mathematical model of a high-pressure pulsed discharge in cesium is formulated on the basis of the radiative gas dynamics equations. The discharge was simulated and it was shown that it is possible to create a plasma with a temperature 4000 -7000 K and a pressure of 0.5 - 1.5 at m with the power supplied to the discharge ∼ 100 W/cm in the steady-state combustion mode. The dependence of the discharge lighting characteristics on the amplitude of the current pulses and the amount of cesium in the gas discharge tube is analyzed. It is shown that in a wide range of currents and plasma densities, the color rendering index of the discharge radiation Ra> 95 with luminous efficacy ηV ∼ 70lm/W and more. The average luminous flux emitted per unit length of the discharge column is ∼ 104 lm/cm. The color temperature of the discharge radiation can vary over a wide range of values Tc∼ 3000÷4500 K. It is shown that the color coordinates Xc,Yc of discharge radiation are close to the values Xc,Yc of a blackbody. The use of such a source in conditions of a short daylight hours will make it possible to create practically solar illumination of large production areas.

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Ahmed, Dina, Gamal El-Hiti, Emad Yousif, Ayad Hameed y Mustafa Abdalla. "New Eco-Friendly Phosphorus Organic Polymers as Gas Storage Media". Polymers 9, n.º 12 (3 de agosto de 2017): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9080336.

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Al Ajmi, Safiya, Murtuza Ali Syed, Feroz Shaik, Mohammed Nayeemuddin, Deepanraj Balakrishnan y Venkata Ratnam Myneni. "Treatment of Industrial Saline Wastewater Using Eco-Friendly Adsorbents". Journal of Chemistry 2023 (3 de abril de 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7366941.

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The wastewater generated from the oil and gas sector is one of the major environmental issues. Varieties of techniques are employed for the treatment of generated wastewater. In this work, an attempt has been made to treat industrial saline wastewater from the oil and gas industry using a combination of synthesized biopolymer, chitosan, with graphene. Chitosan has been synthesized from a bioresource using marine spent. Chitosan was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Batch experiments were conducted by varying the composition of graphene viz 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 w/w with respect to a fixed amount of chitosan. The percentage removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and oil and grease were evaluated. A combination of chitosan and graphene has effectively removed the pollutants present in oil produced water (OPW) compared to chitosan alone. The maximum percentage removal efficiencies of COD (84%), TDS (91%), TSS (80%), turbidity (95%), and oil and grease (99.9%) were obtained for a mixture of chitosan (0.5 g/100 mL) and 5 wt% graphenes. The Freundlich equilibrium isotherm model suited the adsorption data well.

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Wu, Yuewei, De Ding, Xiaochun Bai, Pinghai Lv, Xiaobing Yu y Yuhang Lei. "Research on Heat Dissipation Performance of Eco-friendly Gas insulated Transformer with i-C₄F₇N/CO₂ as the Insulation Medium". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2527, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2527/1/012011.

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Abstract Generally, the thermal conductivity of gas insulation medium is generally worse than that of liquid insulation medium. The heat dissipation problem is the key to developing large-capacity gas-insulated transformers. The traditional SF6 gas-insulated transformers are facing the challenge of upgrading and updating due to the strong greenhouse effect of SF6. As an ideal substitute gas for SF6, i-C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture is used as a new insulation medium to develop eco-friendly gas-insulated transformers. In this work, we described the structure and parameters of 10 kV GIT and measured the temperature and pressure by mounting sensors in different parts of 10 kV GIT. Further, we analyzed the heat dissipation performance of the Transformer based on the pressure and temperature data. The results show that the GNAN cooling mode may not be applicable to eco-friendly GITs with large capacities and high loads.

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Choi, Eun-Hyeok. "UHF High-sensitivity Diagnostic Sensor Design for Eco-friendly Insulating Gas". Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 36, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2022.36.2.022.

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Palaniappan, Manickavasagam y Narayanaswamy Vedachalam. "Climate-Resilient and Eco-Friendly Shipping: Mapping the Trends". Marine Technology Society Journal 56, n.º 4 (23 de agosto de 2022): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.56.4.12.

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Abstract A climate-resilient and eco-friendly maritime transport is the key to sustainable development. In response to the Paris Climate Accord, the International Maritime Organization has adopted strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships by ~50% by 2050, compared to levels reported in 2008. The article reviews the ongoing efforts toward achieving clean, safe, and efficient marine transport. The transformation pathway requires sustained innovation, investment, and policy support in economic production and reliable supply for ammonia and hydrogen fuels, battery-based hybrid power systems for support vessels, artificial intelligence-enabled autonomous ships, energy-efficient and low-noise ship design, and improved operational planning.

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Pushkar, Svetlana. "Life-Cycle Assessment in the LEED-CI v4 Categories of Location and Transportation (LT) and Energy and Atmosphere (EA) in California: A Case Study of Two Strategies for LEED Projects". Sustainability 14, n.º 17 (31 de agosto de 2022): 10893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710893.

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This study aimed to identify different certification strategies for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interior version 4 (LEED-CI v4) gold-certified office projects in California’s cities and to explore these certification strategies using life-cycle assessments (LCAs). The LEED-CI v4 data were divided into two groups: high- and low-achievement groups in the Location and Transportation (LT) category. The author identified two strategies for achieving the same level of certification across LEED-CI v4 projects: (1) high achievements in LT (LTHigh) and low achievements in the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) category (EALow), and (2) low achievements in the LT category (LTLow) and high achievements in EA (EAHigh). The author adopted LTHigh–EALow and LTLow–EAHigh achievements as functional units for LCA. Three alternatives were LTHigh: typical bus, EALow: gas; LTLow: typical car, EAHigh: gas; and LTLow: eco-friendly car, EAHigh: gas, where a typical bus used diesel, a typical car used natural gas, an eco-friendly car used EURO5diesel, and natural gas was used as a building’s operational energy. The ReCiPe2016 results showed that the LTHigh: typical bus, EALow: gas strategy was preferable from a short-term perspective, and the LTLow: eco-friendly car, EAHigh: gas strategy was preferable in a long-term and an infinite time perspective, while the LTLow: typical car, EAHigh: gas strategy continued to be the most environmentally damaging certification strategy for all the time horizons of the existing pollutants. Thus, it can be concluded that if there are alternative strategies for LEED certification, an analysis of their LCAs can be useful to refine the best sustainable strategy.

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Deng, Jiayan, Min Peng, Zhanyang Gao, Yi Wang, Baoshan Wang, Wenjun Zhou, Ruichao Peng y Yunbai Luo. "Synthesis and dielectric properties of the eco-friendly insulating gas thiazyl trifluoride". RSC Advances 10, n.º 5 (2020): 2740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09256k.

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16

Kim, Jeong Wan, Yeong Min Park, Dae Wook Kim, Kelimu Tulugan y Tae Gyu Kim. "Eco-Friendly Glass Color Coating Process Using RF Magnetron Sputtering". Advanced Materials Research 1110 (junio de 2015): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1110.203.

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Color glasses are fabricated with Titanium target by RF magnetron sputtering. The physical properties of the Ti thin films are investigated according to preparation conditions, such as argon and oxygen gas flow ratio, RF power and Working pressure. The results indicate that it is possible to deposits various Ti thin film’s of different colors on glass substrate, such as yellow, orange, brown, purple. The thickness according to the color was analyzed using Veeco's Stylus profiler (model: dektak 6M).

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17

Pan, Baofeng, Guoming Wang, Huimin Shi, Jiahua Shen, Hong-Keun Ji y Gyung-Suk Kil. "Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 7 (7 de abril de 2020): 2526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072526.

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This paper deals with a review of the state-of-the-art performance investigations of green gas for grid (g3) gas, which is an emerging eco-friendly alternative insulation gas for sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) that will be used in gas-insulated power facilities for reducing environmental concerns. The required physical and chemical properties of insulation gas for high-voltage applications are discussed, including dielectric strength, arc-quenching capability, heat dissipation, boiling point, vapor pressure, compatibility, and environmental and safety requirements. Current studies and results on AC, DC, and lightning impulse breakdown voltage, as well as the partial discharge of g3 gas, are provided, which indicate an equivalent dielectric strength of g3 gas with SF6 after a proper design change or an increase in gas pressure. The switching bus-transfer current test, temperature rise test, and liquefaction temperature calculation also verify the possibility of replacing SF6 with g3 gas. In addition, the use of g3 gas significantly reduces theabovementioned environmental concerns in terms of global warming potential and atmosphere lifetime. In recent years, g3 gas-insulated power facilities, including switchgear, transmission line, circuit breaker, and transformer, have been commercially available in the electric power industry.

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Benghida, Djamil. "Adobe Bricks: The Best Eco-Friendly Building Material". Advanced Materials Research 1105 (mayo de 2015): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.386.

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Durable, renewable, and affordable are the three characteristics of the adobe brick, one of the widely used construction material in human civilization, but is always neglected. Traditionally, price has been the foremost consideration when comparing similar materials or materials designated for the same function. That is why by the post-war period, the concrete was adopted as a universal building material in response of the massive housing demand. The intergovernmental concerns never took into consideration both the sustainability factor and the cultural one, not until the 1990s when research on climate change expanded and the sustainable development took an important place in the different academic cross fields: engineering, biology, technology and architecture. The main focus by then was the reduction the CO2 gas emissions emitted by the building sector which is now approximately 30% of the global energy-related. Researchers are focusing on creating a completely new green eco-material an alternative to the concrete, but in this paper, I will demonstrate why is it worth to reinvigorate centuries-old eco-construction material. Adobe bricks are currently the best choice to built affordable housings in response to the chronicle demand. Not only they have a track record that makes their thermal mass performance easier to evaluate, but also they can last 400 years or more when properly maintained. Comparatively, new technologies require testing over time to determine their long-range effectiveness.

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Raut, Ashish y Uday Wankhede. "Review of investigations in eco-friendly thermoacoustic refrigeration system". Thermal Science 21, n.º 3 (2017): 1335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150626186r.

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To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, internationally research and development is intended to improve the performance of conventional refrigeration system also growth of new-fangled refrigeration technology of potentially much lesser ecological impact. This paper gives brief review of research and development in thermoacoustic refrigeration also the existing situation of thermoacoustic refrigeration system. Thermoacoustic refrigerator is a novel sort of energy conversion equipment which converts acoustic power into heat energy by thermoacoustic effect. Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an emergent refrigeration technology in which there are no moving elements or any environmentally injurious refrigerants during its working. The concept of thermoacoustic refrigeration system is explained, the growth of thermoacoustic refrigeration, various investigations into thermoacoustic refrigeration system, various optimization techniques to improve coefficient of performance, different stacks and resonator tube designs to improve heat transfer rate, various gases, and other parameters like sound generation have been reviewed.

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Hu, Jing, Cheng Zou, Yanjie Su, Ming Li, Nantao Hu, Hui Ni, Zhi Yang y Yafei Zhang. "Enhanced NO2 sensing performance of reduced graphene oxide by in situ anchoring carbon dots". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, n.º 27 (2017): 6862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01208j.

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Wu, Jie, Qin He, Yingjun Li, Dongliang Liu y Yuanlin Zhou. "Facile and Eco-Friendly Preparation of GO/BIIR Composite for Gas Barrier Applications". Nano 14, n.º 02 (febrero de 2019): 1950016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292019500164.

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Owing to weak interfacial bonding and incompatibility between graphene and polymer, there are several challenges in the fabrication of graphene-based polymer composites with an effective gas barrier. Hence, it is necessary to enhance the affinity between polymers and graphene. We selected graphene oxide (GO) as filler and brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) as a substrate to prepare GO/BIIR composites via the simple latex mixed route. The tortuous path of diffusion of helium molecules is extended after insertion of GO nanosheets, thus improving the gas barrier of composites. GO/BIIR composite with the GO content of 0.3[Formula: see text]wt.% exhibits favorable barrier efficiency to helium with a helium gas transmission rate of 12.79[Formula: see text]cm3 cm m[Formula: see text] day[Formula: see text] bar[Formula: see text].

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Proto, G., G. Aielli, E. Alunno Camelia, P. Camarri, R. Cardarelli, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Stante et al. "Characterization of new eco friendly gas mixtures based on HFO for RPCs". Journal of Instrumentation 16, n.º 02 (19 de febrero de 2021): C02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/02/c02001.

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Martin, Andreas, Narayana V. Kalevaru, Bernhard Lücke y Jürgen Sans. "Eco-friendly synthesis of p-nitrobenzonitrile by heterogeneously catalysed gas phase ammoxidation". Green Chem. 4, n.º 5 (2002): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b204244b.

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Zhang, Lei, Ruichao Peng, Yanjun Huang, Guangsen Song y Yi Wang. "Toxic Study on the New Eco-Friendly Insulating Gas Trifluoromethanesulfonyl Fluoride: A Substitute for SF6". Sustainability 14, n.º 9 (26 de abril de 2022): 5239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095239.

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It has been proven that the gas trifluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride (CF3SO2F) has good dielectric performance and the potential to replace the potent greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which is the most commonly used insulating gas in high-voltage electrical equipment. However, there are many key biochemical properties, such as toxicity, that the new eco-friendly insulating gas will need to obtain. It could protect the operator and equipment and help the chemical engineering development of this gas in the power grid industry. In this study, according to Horn’s method, an acute toxic gas inhalation test was carried out. The results showed that the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) for female rats was 27.1 g/m3, and that for male rats was 23.3 g/m3. The behavioral and vital sign changes in the rats were recorded. Pathological sections of the main organs revealed that the heart, lungs, spleen, and eyes suffered the most damage from the gas. This research also provides scientific suggestions for the protection of electrical workers exposed to the insulating gas CF3SO2F.

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Vorobyova, Viktoria, Margarita Skiba y Olena Chygyrynets’. "A novel eco-friendly vapor phase corrosion inhibitor of mild steel". Pigment & Resin Technology 48, n.º 2 (21 de febrero de 2019): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2018-0025.

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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the efficacy of grape pomace extract (GPE) as an eco-friendly vapor phase green inhibitor for corrosion of steel and assess the effect of the major compounds of extract on the inhibition efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe present study was carried out to identify the components present in the 2-propanol GPE by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR techniques were used to study the corrosion inhibitive.FindingsGPE has inhibited mild steel corrosion in conditions of periodic condensation of moisture. The gravimetric measurement indicates that inhibition efficiency shows direct proportional relation with concentration of inhibitor. The GPE and main components acted as a mixed-type inhibitor with predominant cathodic effectiveness. Research limitations/implications. Because of the presence of large number of compounds in the extract, it becomes difficult to understand the most active compound responsible for inhibition. However, from gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and quantum data, the assumption has been made that the major compound of GPE is responsible for the inhibition activity.Practical implicationsThe extract can be used in the temporary corrosion protection and is designed to prevent the corrosion of metal surfaces of equipment during transportation and storage.Originality/valueGPE can be used as a potential source of ecofriendly corrosion inhibitor for steel corrosion.

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Mohammad Nur Fatta Muzzakki, Titin Sundari, Meriana Wahyu Nugroho y Rahma Ramadhani. "Analisis Strategi Menuju Eco Green Kampus Menggunakan Metode SWOT Pada Kampus Universitas Hasyi Asy'ari Jombang". Jurnal Sipil Terapan 1, n.º 2 (2 de agosto de 2023): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58169/jusit.v1i2.186.

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Civil Engineering is the study of planning, construction, and maintenance of physical structures such as bridges, buildings, and roads. These include sub-fields such as geotechnical, structures, transportation, hydraulics and environmental management. Civil engineers also study ways to manage natural and environmental resources used in construction projects Civil engineering can be used in eco-green environmental analysis. One example is in the planning and construction of green buildings, which are buildings that are designed and constructed in an environmentally friendly way. Civil engineering can be used to analyze and evaluate various aspects of the environment, such as energy efficiency, natural resource use, water management, and greenhouse gas emissions Civil engineering can also be used in the planning and construction of environmentally friendly roads, such as eco-friendly country roads, walking, and bicycle roads.

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Kim, Jae Hwan. "Global climate change and the role of anesthesiologist". Journal of the Korean Medical Association 64, n.º 12 (10 de diciembre de 2021): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2021.64.12.794.

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Background: Environmental issues and health problems related to global climate change are becoming increasingly serious. An effective eco-friendly strategy is required to reduce medical waste and greenhouse gas emissions caused by anesthesia in hospitals.Current Concepts: Inhalation anesthetics are very strong greenhouse gases in the order of desflurane, isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and sevoflurane. Anesthetics with high global warming potential and long atmospheric lifetimes should be used with caution. Only the minimum required dose of an anesthetic drug with a low persistence bioaccumulation toxicity index is recommended for use. Disposable anesthesia products are known to have a low purchase price and low risk of cross-contamination; however, this may not be the case. By using eco-friendly anesthetic supplies, recycling and reuse, we can avoid wasting money and resources.Discussion and Conclusion: Greenhouse gas emissions from the use of anesthetics are excluded from United Nations regulations due to their necessity. However, while guaranteeing patient safety, anesthesiologists must fulfill their professional ethical obligations by striving to reduce medical waste and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Guida, R., B. Mandelli y G. Rigoletti. "Studies on alternative eco-friendly gas mixtures and development of gas recuperation plant for RPC detectors". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1039 (septiembre de 2022): 167045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.167045.

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Ifeanyichukwu, Nwufo Christopher, Kamaludeen F. A. Ibrahim y Jackson Edet Etibensi. "Corporate Eco-Efficiency and Performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria: An Empirical Examination". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, n.º III (2024): 2176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803152.

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Activities of oil and gas exploration continuous to post serious challenges to the environment. Recognizing this, the current study examines the effect of eco-efficiency on the performance of oil and gas companies and the impact of firm size on the relationship. The sample includes listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The data utilized were extracted from the annual report data stream for period of ten years from 2011 to 2020. Multiple regression through ordinary least square was employed to analyse the data. The study shows a positive association between eco-efficiency and firm financial performance. Also, the study provides support for a positive interacting relationship for firm size in the relationship between eco-efficiency and firm financial position. These findings provide support for the stakeholder theory that purports that managers must develop a relationship with stakeholders by embarking on environmental friendly practices to maintain a positive firm performance.

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Olalekan Bolaji, Bukola, Semiu Taiwo Amosun, Deborah Olufunke Bolaji y Olatunde Ajani Oyelaran. "Performance analysis of a retrofitted refrigerator using eco-friendly refrigerant". Holistic approach to environment 13, n.º 4 (15 de septiembre de 2023): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.13.4.3.

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The use of refrigerants with a global warming potential (GWP) greater than 150 is banned in small and medium-sized refrigerators in accordance with the European F-Gas policy. Therefore, the suitability of retrofitting an existing refrigerator using a low GWP working fluid (R152a), as a replacement for the usual refrigerant (R134a) that is harmful to the environment, was investigated experimentally in this paper. In this study, close trend and similarities have been observed between the retrofit refrigerant (R152a) and the traditional refrigerant (R134a) in terms of their thermophysical properties. This has shown the compatibility of R152a with the components of the existing refrigerator. The two refrigerants met the pull-down time standard for the refrigerator, but the values of R152a were consistently lower than those of R134a. In addition, R152a consumed less energy with higher coefficient of performance and cooling capacity (12.2 and 14.6 %, respectively) than R134a. Due to the superior performance and the eco-friendly properties of R152a, it is recommended as a retrofit refrigerant for the existing small and medium-sized refrigerators.

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Kim, Sewon, Sangwoong Yun y Youngjun You. "Eco-Friendly Speed Control Algorithm Development for Autonomous Vessel Route Planning". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, n.º 6 (28 de mayo de 2021): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060583.

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The upcoming autonomous vessel voyage is promising future in the maritime sector. However, so far, the contemporary route decision making technologies rely on human intervention. Therefore, this manuscript proposes the two newly developed speed algorithms: the modified fixed speed control and the wave feed forward speed control in the route decision making procedure for the autonomous vessels. These two algorithms can control the vessel’s speed without human intervention in eco-friendly and economic manner. The first algorithm is the wave feed forward speed control that can predict the speed change according to wave loads and compensate it to reduce the fluctuation of speed, power, and fuel consumption. To develop this algorithm, the real time modeling of the wave added resistance and the wave real time effect on propulsion are analyzed. The efficacy of the developed wave feed forward scheme is validated using the in-house route optimization simulation program through comparisons with the results of conventional speed governor control case. The developed schemes are applied to a 173 K LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) carrier with twin propulsion. The other proposed speed control algorithm is the modified fixed control algorithm. This algorithm improves the conventional fixed power control algorithm by adding a time marching module to satisfy the required time arrival of the voyage. The two proposed methods are analyzed in the various simulations—ideal environmental conditions and real voyage environments: The Pacific and the Atlantic cases. Based on the results, the suggested methods can reduce fuel oil consumption, gas emission, and wear and tear problem of the propulsion devise of ship. In the study, it is clearly demonstrated that the developed wave feed forward speed control and modified fixed power scheme perform much better than the conventional speed governor control case.

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32

Somanjaya, R., O. Imanudin, S. M. Turohman, A. M. Fuah, S. Rahayu, L. Abdullah y M. A. Setiadi. "In vitro Gas Production of Sorghum-Indigofera Forage-Based Complete Feed for Ruminants". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1020, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1020/1/012011.

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Abstract Making a palatable complete feed formulation has a good effect on ruminant productivity, and eco-friendly feed is a solution step in sustainable livestock production. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of complete feed based on forage sorghum-Indigofera on the in-vitro of gas production and nutrient digestibility value. Three feed compositions consisting of forage silage of sorghum, Indigofera hay, and rice bran were mixed as SI feed and field grass (FG) as control. All the experimental feeds were replicated five times, then gas production and nutrient digestibility were tested in in-vitro. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and further tested using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the complete feed composition SI2 and SI3 lower N-NH3 (p<0.05) than SI1 and FG. Meanwhile, the VFA content increased (p<0.05) along with the Indigofera hay. The value of pH and the number of gas production from the feed did not differ. All SI complete feed compositions had better nutrient digestibility values (p<0.05) than FG. It can be concluded that complete feed based on forage sorghum-Indigofera is an eco-friendly feed because it can reduce N-NH3 gas and total gas production without reducing the digestibility value of feed nutrients.

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Bhattacharyya, Moumita y Shib Sankar Sana. "A mathematical model on eco-friendly manufacturing system under probabilistic demand". RAIRO - Operations Research 53, n.º 5 (28 de octubre de 2019): 1899–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018120.

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The article deals with a mathematical model of production inventory system of green products in a green manufacturing industry. The main objective of this proposed model is to formulate a profit function for service level and random variable dependent demand implementing green technology in the manufacturing industry for reduction of green house gas emission. The production lotsize is considered here as an increasing function of green technology and capital invested for setup the manufacturing system which meets the market demand. As a result, green technology, capital invested for setup and service level are decision variable which are optimized to achieve maximum profit. Finally, numerical example for normal distribution and distribution free cases are illustrated to justify the proposed model.

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34

Lee, Seonbyul, Surin An, Yejin Kim y Sang Jeen Hong. "Kinetic Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Plasma-Assisted Greenhouse Gas Replacement". Science of Advanced Materials 13, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 2227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4084.

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In semiconductor manufacturing, greenhouse gases, such as perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), which are sources of global warming, are frequently used to remove substances during cleaning and etching. Particularly, NF3, which has a high global warming potential (GWP) is widely used for chamber cleaning in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. There is an urgent need to replace high GWP gases with eco-friendly gases. In this study, we investigated the possibility of replacing NF3 with N2 gas from the existing NF3/O2 gas mixture during the cleaning process in a plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) chamber for the formation of an amorphous carbon layer. The kinetic reaction mechanism of nitrogen-augmented plasma was investigated using ANSYS Chemkin-Pro, and the verification was conducted using an environmentally friendly gas-based direct plasma cleaning process in the PECVD chamber with capacitively coupled plasma (CCP). The verification experiment was conducted with a 150-mm laboratory scale and a 300-mm production equipment. Chemical reaction analysis was then performed to analyze the chemical reaction mechanism in the plasma and identify the trends in the cleaning efficiency. The results derived from the analytical and empirical experiments showed that the addition of N2 positively affected the reaction of O2 in the plasma with surface materials; this improved the cleaning, and the effectiveness of eco-friendly cleaning processes using alternative gases could be confirmed.

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Jang, Hongseok, Boram Lee y Seungyoung So. "EFFECT OF YELLOW LOESS ON ODOROUS GAS ADSORPTION AND ECOTOXICITY TEST USING DAPHNIA MAGNA". Journal of Green Building 16, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.1.103.

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ABSTRACT To minimize damage caused by harmful substances released from artificial construction materials, there has been increasing interest in eco-friendly houses constructed with natural materials. Among natural materials, yellow loess is South Korea’s most representative eco-friendly construction material, with high purification performance for indoor use. However, there has been no objective assessment of yellow loess’s performance at purifying indoor air. In this study, internal pores were found in yellow loess that were of a lamellar crystal structure consisting of bonds of silica and alumina plates, and there was a high negative charge on the loess surface; these might have contributed to the excellent performance of yellow loess in adsorbing odorous gas. There was also an exposure test using Daphnia magna to determine the eco-friendliness of yellow loess compared with that of cement mortar. Results showed the survival of Daphnia magna was longer in the indoor environment of a test chamber with higher concentration of ammonia wherein yellow loess was placed. EC50 (median effective concentration, the concentration that caused death of 50% of bio-specimens) value of 19 ml of ammonia (0.1% solution), which was three times more than EC50 value of 6 ml of ammonia of the same area of cement mortar.

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36

Sandeep, Barnalu. "An Eco Friendly Geopolymer Concrete with Nylon Crystal Replacement". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n.º 6 (30 de junio de 2022): 4900–4907. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45060.

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Abstract: Concrete has occupied a crucial place in housing industry within the past few decades and it's used wide altogether kinds of constructions starting from little buildings to massive infrastructural dams or reservoirs. Cement is major element of concrete. the value of cement is increasing day by day because of its restricted availableness and huge demand. At a similar time the world warming is increasing day by day. producing of cement additionally releases greenhouse gas. within the gift study an endeavor been created on concrete ANd additionally an experimental investigation on the concrete mistreatment by commutation cement with FLYASH and GGBS to avoid the usage of cement also as emission of inexperienced house gases within the gift study an endeavor been created on geopolymer concrete with nylon crystals.And additionally AN comparative study of this gpc with standard M20 concrete Experimental studies were performed on plain geopolymer concrete and replacement of cement with Nylon crystal is completed. during this study the concrete combine were ready by mistreatment flyash, glass, hydroxide and Nylon crystal from 100% to four-hundredth by weight of flyash were superimposed part to the mixes. A comparative analysis has been meted out for M20concrete to it of the Nylon crystal bolstered geopolymer concrete in regard to their compressive strength, split tension strength and flexural strength properties. The geopolymer concrete created with Nylon crystal performed well in terms of compressive strength, split tension strength and flexural strength showed higher performance at the age of seven, 28, sixty and ninety days than typical concrete. And additionally 2 differing types of acid attack is completed to see the Bond Strength and compressive strength each on typical concrete and Nylon crystal bolstered geopolymer concrete.

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37

Peres, Christiano Bruneli, Pedro R. Resende, Leonel J. R. Nunes y Leandro Cardoso de Morais. "Circular Economy: A Comprehensive Review of Eco-Friendly Wollastonite Applications". Sustainability 14, n.º 5 (6 de marzo de 2022): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053070.

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The growing increase in greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), by anthropogenic activities can be linked to extreme climate events, such as intensive droughts, floods, or hurricanes, and has led to several studies focused on reducing the concentration of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Some technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), can potentially sequester billions of tons of CO2 per year. One of the promising methods is the use of carbon mineralization as a CCS methodology. For this approach, some minerals can be investigated, such as wollastonite, which can be obtained from agricultural waste recovery. One topic of interest in these studies is agriculture, demonstrating that it can play an important role in climate change mitigation. This work presents a critical review of the studies of rice waste use for potential synthesizing wollastonite as a path for CO2 storage, promoting the circular economy. Several works were analyzed and presented, addressing eco-friendly wollastonite use, such as in the cement industry, and they can contribute to a lower global warming potential. There is a promising way to explore, once there are few studies in the literature about CO2 capture and storage of wollastonite by carbon mineralization.

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38

Abbrescia, M., L. Benussi, D. Piccolo, S. Bianco, M. Ferrini, S. Muhammad, L. Passamonti et al. "Eco-friendly gas mixtures for Resistive Plate Chambers based on tetrafluoropropene and Helium". Journal of Instrumentation 11, n.º 08 (24 de agosto de 2016): P08019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/08/p08019.

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39

Wang, Jingrui, Qingmin Li, Heng Liu, Xuwei Huang y Jian Wang. "Theoretical and experimental investigation on decomposition mechanism of eco-friendly insulation gas HFO1234zeE". Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling 100 (noviembre de 2020): 107671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107671.

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40

Bibiano, R. H. N., Juliana de Carvalho Izidoro y Denise Alves Fungaro. "The Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum Applications in Production of Eco-Friendly Cementitious Matrices". Journal of Applied Materials and Technology 4, n.º 2 (5 de diciembre de 2023): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jamt.4.2.69-78.

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Portland cement is one of the most manufactured materials in the world. The worldwide cement industry accounts for at least 5-8% of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions and therefore is an important sector for CO2-emission mitigation strategies to limit global warming. One of the strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of the cement industry is replace traditional Portland cement with other solid wastes. In the present study, the influence of the application of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) generated from coal-fired power plant in construction mortar was investigated. Cylindrical specimens were molded with Portland cement type CPII-F 32, sand and 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% amounts of FGD gypsum. After curing time of 1, 3, 7, 28 and 91 days, the cementitious materials were characterized mechanically by axial compressive strength, setting time and slump. The pastes in the age of 28 days were further characterized by X-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis. Results showed that FGD gypsum can be used as a substitute for cement as a setting retarder in an amount of up to 25%, and as an accelerator in an amount of 75%, being necessary dosage of the specific traces of the materials depending on the purpose of its use.

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41

Park, Zu Seong, Jeong Kim, Young Yun Woo, Habeom Lee, Ji Hoon Kim y Young Hoon Moon. "Forced Circulation of Nitrogen Gas for Accelerated and Eco-Friendly Cooling of Metallic Parts". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 18 (5 de septiembre de 2019): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183679.

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As nitrogen is nonreactive and non-flammable, it can provide a quick and simple medium of cooling and environment protection. One disadvantage of nitrogen cooling is its lower heat transfer coefficient than water. Despite its lower cooling capacity, nitrogen cooling can produce cleaner products, thereby eliminating the need to wash the parts and dispose of the contaminated water. In this study, an innovative nitrogen cooling system was developed for an accelerated and eco-friendly cooling of metallic parts. The dry nitrogen gas, transported via the nozzle of a cryogenic liquid nitrogen tank, is passed into the cooling chamber and exchanges heat with the workpiece. The heated nitrogen gas is forcibly transported to the chiller, where the heat is reduced, and the cooled gas is circulated again. The performance of this nitrogen cooling system has been evaluated with cooling experiments of sintered tungsten heavy alloys. The nitrogen-cooled product shows a clean surface with improved mechanical properties. Furthermore, nitrogen induces less distortion compared to water cooling, thus reducing the post-machining costs.

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42

Quintero, Valentina, Johann F. Osma, Ulugbek Azimov y Debora Nabarlatz. "Multifunctional Eco-Friendly Adsorbent Cryogels Based on Xylan Derived from Coffee Residues". Membranes 14, n.º 5 (8 de mayo de 2024): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14050108.

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Agricultural and animal farming practices contribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as NH3, CH4, CO2, and NOx, causing local environmental concerns involving health risks and water/air pollution. A growing need to capture these pollutants is leading to the development of new strategies, including the use of solid adsorbents. However, commonly used adsorbent materials often pose toxicity and negative long-term environmental effects. This study aimed to develop responsive eco-friendly cryogels using xylan extracted from coffee parchment, a typical residue from coffee production. The crosslinking in cryogels was accomplished by “freeze-thawing” and subsequent freeze-drying. Cryogels were characterized in terms of morphology by using scanning electron microscopy, porosity, and density by the liquid saturation method and also moisture adsorption and ammonia adsorption capacity. The analysis showed that the porosity in the cryogels remained around 0.62–0.42, while the apparent densities varied from 0.14 g/cm3 to 0.25 g/cm3. The moisture adsorption capacity was the highest at the highest relative humidity level (80%), reaching 0.25–0.43 g of water per gram of sample; the amount of water adsorbed increased when the xylan content in the cryogel increased up to 10% w/v, which was consistent with the hygroscopic nature of xylan. The ammonia adsorption process was modeled accurately by a pseudo-second-order equation, where the maximum adsorption capacity in equilibrium reached 0.047 mg NH3/g when xylan reached 10% w/v in cryogels, indicating a chemisorption process. The cryogels under investigation hold promise for ammonia adsorption applications and GHG separation, offering a sustainable alternative for gas-capturing processes.

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43

Wang, Qiu Cheng y Wen Hui Ba. "Investigation of Machining OCr18Ni9 Stainless Steel under Spraying Liquid Nitrogen". Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (agosto de 2011): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1056.

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Cryogenic machining is considered as an eco-friendly machining process in manufacturing industry. In order to study the influence of cryogenic gas mixture of nitrogen gas and compressed air on machining performance, the experiments of turning 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel were performed . The experimental results show that cryogenic machining technology can remarkably improve the surface integrity, cutting tool life and chip-breaking performance. Its advantages of improving machinability are especially obvious at higher cutting speeds.

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44

Padoan, Elio, Enzo Montoneri, Giorgio Bordiglia, Valter Boero, Marco Ginepro, Philippe Evon, Carlos Vaca-Garcia, Giancarlo Fascella y Michéle Negre. "Waste Biopolymers for Eco-Friendly Agriculture and Safe Food Production". Coatings 12, n.º 2 (12 de febrero de 2022): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020239.

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This work addresses environmental problems connected with biowaste management, the chemical industry, and agriculture. These sectors of human activity cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the air, climate change, leaching of excess mineral fertilizers applied to soil into ground water, and eutrophication. To mitigate this problem in agriculture, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) are made by coating mineral fertilizers granules with synthetic polymers produced from the fossil-based chemical industry. This strategy aggravates GHG emission. In the present work, six formulations containing sunflower protein concentrate (SPC) and a new biopolymer (BP) obtained from sunflower oil cake and by hydrolysis of municipal biowaste, respectively, and commercial urea were tested as CRFs for spinach cultivation against the control growing substrate Evergreen TS and commercial Osmocote®. The results show large differences in plants’ nitrate concentration due to the different treatments, although the same nitrogen amount is added to the substrate in all trials. BP is the key component mitigating nitrate accumulation in plants. The plants grown in the substrates containing BP together with SPC and/or urea, although exhibiting relatively high total N uptake (47–52 g kg−1), have significantly lower nitric to total N ratio (9.6–12.0) than that (15.3–16.5) shown by the plants grown in the substrates containing SPC and/or urea, but no BP. The data confirm that all composites containing BP yield the safest crop coupled with high biomass production. Replication of BP effects for the cultivation of different plants will contribute to the development of a biobased chemical industry exploiting biowastes as feedstock.

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Hashmi, Dr Ahmad Fuzail, M.S. Khan, M. Bilal, M. Shariq y A. Baqi. "Green Concrete: An Eco-Friendly Alternative to the OPC Concrete". CONSTRUCTION 2, n.º 2 (7 de diciembre de 2022): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/construction.v2i2.8710.

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The popularity of concrete has resulted in the considerable consumption of natural resources and significant emission of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The key constituents of the concrete are the cement and the natural aggregates. These major concrete elements are recommended to be replaced with other materials to solve sustainability issues. Hence, by-products like pulverized granular blast-furnace slag, fly ash, rice husk ash, silica fume, recycled coarse aggregates etc., are added to the concrete to utilize the waste products and produce sustainable concrete. Cement manufacturing accounts for 8 to 10% of total global CO2 emissions. The construction industry is progressively adopting green concrete use in buildings because of its inherent benefits and limitations of traditional concrete. Green concrete is available in a variety of forms such as high-volume fly ash concrete, alkali-activated concrete, recycled aggregate concrete, ultra-high performance concrete, geopolymer concrete etc. Green concrete has various environmental, technical, and economic advantages i.e., greater durability, enhanced workability, and pumpability, decreased permeability, controlled bleeding, higher acid resistance, and decreased plastic shrinkage cracking. These properties encourage faster concrete production, shorter curing times, lower construction costs, earlier project completion, lower maintenance costs, and longer service life of construction projects. This review article aims to comprehensively explain the fresh, hardened, and durability properties of green concrete and knowledge gaps in green concrete. The literature revealed that further research is needed to accurately assess the long-term properties, notably creep and shrinkage behaviour of structural or reinforced elements of green concrete.

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46

Calimli, Mehmet Harbi, Busra Balli, Esra Kuyuldar y Fatih Sen. "Diffusion, Transport and Water Absorption Properties of Eco-Friendly Polymer Composites". Diffusion Foundations 23 (agosto de 2019): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.23.222.

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The availability of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources is one of the biggest challenges faced by scientists and engineering communities. First of all, the fossil fuels used to meet existing energy demands cause the depletion of resources, the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, and eventually destruction of nature. Polymers have many industrial application areas due to the ease of processing, the reasonable price and the ability to modify with the desired features. Biopolymers have become a focus of attention in terms of the polymer sector because biomass can be separated into harmless products such as CO2 and H2O in the natural environment and can have sustainable resources. The studies on biomass and hydrogen fuel cells are more advantageous than other alternative and clean energy sources because they have the continuous energy supply, compact design, and wide application areas without being dependent on nature. In practice, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are pinched among the other fuel cells. For this purpose, in this chapter diffusion, transport and water absorption properties of eco-friendly polymer composites generally used are discussed.

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47

Lee, Jung, Mi Cho, Bo-Hyun Kim y Sunjong Lee. "Development of Eco-Friendly Polymer Foam Using Overcoat Technology of Deodorant". Materials 11, n.º 10 (4 de octubre de 2018): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101898.

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Development of eco-friendly polymer foams is an urgent research topic because of the serious environmental pollution caused by trash heaps and the time-release of harmful gases. Polymer PVC foam using azodicarbonamide as a chemical foaming agent has been highly requested for further improvement due to the residual ammonia gas that continuously leaks out. Here, we demonstrate an effective and costless process for the reduction of releasing ammonia from PVC foams using the overcoat technology of deodorants. We have selected four candidate materials, gelite, zeolite, terra alba, and fumed silica as original materials for the deodorant of ammonia, and they showed an ammonia deodorization rate (ADR) of over 80% without any treatment except the fumed silica. When we over-coated the UV-curing agent mixed deodorants on the PVC foams (thickness ~300 µm), the ADR of the terra alba and zeolite complex foams was remarkably higher than 90%, however, the specific gravity and chromaticity were not changed within 20%. This indicates that our developed process using deodorant layer for ammonia reduction has a high potential for the production of eco-friendly polymer foams.

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48

Yang, Byungmo, M. A. Kalam y Haengmuk Cho. "Performance and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 3 (23 de junio de 2018): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9643.

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The exhaustion of fossil fuels and sharp rise in crude oil prices has led to the development of various alternative fuels. Alternative fuels are a necessity to meet rising energy consumption rates and to ensure eco-friendly growth. Alternative fuels that can be regenerated, are sustainable and have clean burning capacity to help promote an eco-friendly development. Whereas there have been various ideas and technologies relating to biodiesel as an alternative fuel, these tend to be restricted to the distant future insofar as compression-ignition engines are concerned. Biodiesel, produced by reacting triglycerides which are the main component of animal or plant-based fatty acids with methanol, is known to be an eco-friendly alternative fuel that can take the place of conventional petroleum diesel. In the present study, biodiesel (palm oil) was mixed at a certain ratio with commercially sold diesel, then introduced into a TCDI engine which was run at low load conditions for engine performance and exhaust gas measurement. Both engine output and torque were reduced, and fuel consumption increased to make up for the reduction in output. There were slight reductions in NOx and CO2 emissions, but changes in CO and HC emissions were negligible.

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Maksishko, L. M. "Eco-friendly technology for the processing of livestock manure waste with greenhouse gas absorption". Theoretical and Applied Ecology, n.º 1 (2022): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2022-1-205-209.

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Zeng, Fuping, Bingquan Xie, Dazhi Su, Xiaoyue Chen, Ju Tang, Long Li y Qiang Yao. "Impulse Breakdown Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Gas C₅F₁₀O/N₂ in Nonhomogeneous Field". IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 29, n.º 1 (febrero de 2022): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2022.3146574.

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