Tesis sobre el tema "Earthen Settlement"
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FRENDA, ANTONINO. "CHINESE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES. Sustainable development, Conservation and continuity of tradition". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2643130.
Texto completoMaia, Rafael Torres. "Avaliação das variáveis que influenciaram no uso da terra como material construtivo para habitação social rural no Assentamento Rural Sepé Tiaraju - Serra Azul - SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18141/tde-10042013-150037/.
Texto completoAfter many decades of misuse of earth-based building techniques, which are associated with poverty and subhuman housing, some people still try to rescue and reintroduce them as a worthy alternative. The earth used as a building material has many potential, mainly when applied to rural areas, where this kind of material is encountered in abundant quantity and variety, being possible to apply more techniques. In addition, the Brazilian rural areas, including rural settlements of agrarian reform have a housing deficit that is proportionally equivalent to the urban areas. However, these rural areas do not receive equivalent attention in terms of public policies and investments. Many federal housing programs are designed for the population and dynamic urban areas, thus, sometimes they do not consider the conditions of rural areas and worker particularities. In Sepé Tiaraju Rural Settlement located in the municipality of Serra Azul, state of São Paulo, 77 families used funds obtained from a federal housing program and from INCRA to build their homes. From these 77 families, a group of 10 families chose to build their homes using more sustainable materials, non-industrialized and non-commercialized, choosing the earth as a building material for walls. This group was called Alternative Group. However, after five years only three families remain using the earth-based building technique. Following this context, the objective of this research is the identification and evaluation of variables that most influenced the adoption of earth-based building technique applied to social housing in rural areas. In order to validate the methodology proposed, this work uses the case of the Alternative Group (Sepé Tiaraju Rural Settlement). In this way, as the method to obtain research data was the use of documents and audio-visual resources, the researches of Habis Group, moreover, consultation to professionals and researchers of this area. After obtained all these data, a timeline and a correlation matrix were employed in order to evaluate the data in a qualitative way. It is important to highlight that the correlation matrix was used to verify the influence between the variables that compose the data previously obtained. Hence, one can identify that the variables related to technical advisor, production and building material were most responsible to use the earth-based building technique in this case study. On the other hand, the variables related to family had some influence, but were not decisive, and the variables related to technical elements and their relationships with the variables related to technical advisor have been highlighted. The final results of this research allow us to indicate that earth is a viable choice for building rural housing using funds from federal housing programs. However, it is important that these programs target the specificities of rural areas and unconventional materials.
Berkheimer, Scott A. "Instrumented geogrid reinforced mechanically stabilized earth wall undergoing large settlement". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 140 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338919121&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completoBantjes, Rod. "Improved earth : land settlement, community and class in rural North America 1990 to 1960". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316559.
Texto completoHatiboglu, Olgun. "Investigation Of Koyulhisar (sivas) Settlement Area In Terms Of Slope Instability". Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611017/index.pdf.
Texto completoScherer, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Settlement Analyses of Grade Supported Tanks Constructed with the Use of Prefabricated Wick Drains and an Earth Preload". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1345.
Texto completoAbrams, Alejandro J. "Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling induced settlements in the Tren Urbano Project, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38945.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 72-73).
Underground construction of the Rio Piedras section of the Tren Urbano project involved the construction of twin tunnels (6.3m diameter) with Earth Pressure Balance machines in weathered alluvial soil. The depth of the cover over the tunnel crown varies from 13m to 10m. The twin tunnels, which connect the Rio Piedras Station and University of Puerto Rico Station, each have a length of 433 meters. Precast concrete linings offered the final structural support. Ground deformations were monitored throughout the construction of both twin tunnels. Volume loss is defined as the volume of ground loss as a proportion of the final tunnel volume and is measured in the plane perpendicular to the tunnel heading. Volume losses corresponding to the process of tunnel construction are identified in this thesis. Settlement troughs both over single and twin tunnels (when symmetric) are often described by a Gaussian curve. However, previous studies have suggested that the settlement trough due to twin tunnels is not symmetric with respect to the midpoint between the two tunnels.
(cont.) The current research shows that the superposition methods proposed by Suwansawat and Einstein (2007) are able to describe the observed settlement trough of the two bored tunnels with volume losses ranging from 0.9 to 1.8% for each bore. These results are up to a factor of 2 larger than volume losses predicted by empirical methods based on overload factors (Macklin, 1999).
by Alejandro J. Abrams.
M.Eng.
Altinbilek, Erdem Mehmet. "Estimation Of Consolidation Settlements Caused By Groundwater Drainage At Ulus-kecioren Subway Project". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607165/index.pdf.
Texto completoiö
ren Subway project due to groundwater drainage is the focus of this study. In this sense, the necessary data about the project characteristics and the site conditions were collected thru project descriptions and the geotechnical investigations conducted at the project site. Utilizing the generated database analytical calculations were carried out to predict the settlements. Upon completion of this stage of analysis several of the locations were numerically modeled for further investigation. Numerical analysis was conducted at four sections by using Plaxis, to determine the amount of expected displacements and the resulting groundwater situation. Despite of the differences between these two methods the resulting settlement estimations displayed consistency.
Suwansawat, Suchatvee 1972. "Earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling in Bangkok : ground response and prediction of surface settlements using artificial neural networks". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32222.
Texto completoVita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Although Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shields have been used for several decades, very little information exists about the actual mechanisms of shield-ground interaction. The ground response mechanism induced by EPB tunneling is difficult to understand, because this requires not only reliable ground deformation measurements in the field but also operational records of the shield. Numerous empirical and analytical relations between characteristics of traditional shields and surface and subsurface deformations exist; also 2-D and 3-D numerical analyses have been applied to such tunneling problems. However, very few approaches have been developed for EPB tunneling. This research makes use of the fact that in the Bangkok MRTA project, data on ground deformation and shield operation were collected. The tunnel sizes are practically identical and the subsurface conditions over long distances are comparable, which allow one to establish relationships between ground characteristics and EPB-operation on the one hand, and surface and subsurface deformations on the other hand. A computerized database, which records much of the information on a ring-by-ring (1.2 meter interval) basis, was developed for this purpose. After using the information to identify which ground- and EPB-characteristic have the greatest influence on ground movements, an approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was used to develop predictive relations. Since the method has the ability to map input to output patterns, ANN enable one to map all influencing parameters to surface settlements.
(cont.) Combining the extensive computerized database and the knowledge of what influences the surface settlements, ANN can become a useful predictive method. This research attempts to evaluate the potential as well as the limitations of ANN for predicting surface settlements caused by EPB shield tunneling and to develop optimal neural network models for this purpose. Specifically, this involves settlement predictions over the tunnel axes of single and twin tunnels; together with other interpretations, it is also possible to predict settlement troughs. Other shield effects such as lateral deformation and liner deformation of the first tunnel caused by the second tunnel are also evaluated.
by Suchatvee Suwansawat.
Sc.D.
Davenport, John Lawrence. "ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION IN THE OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST: EVALUATING THE PRAGMATISM OF PRE-EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT BENCHMARKS". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/891.
Texto completoTitle from document title page (viewed on October 29, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: vii, 124 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-123).
Carvalho, Diogo Herculano Diniz de. "A arquitetura a[terra] o musseque". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16688.
Texto completoNum mundo onde a globalização é a palavra de ordem e o capital económico a sua ferramenta, outros aspetos da vida são menosprezados, tendoconsequências por vezes irreversíveis. O neocolonialismo sentido nas capitais africanas é um dos exemplos desta realidade, onde projetos de grande escala e esmagadora presença são importados de outros países, e assentamneste território, com géneses descontextualizadas e premissas ilusórias,desprezando a vida destas cidades. Com um crescimento demográfico descontrolado, Luanda, cidade escolhida para o presente estudo, terá que articular de uma maneira sábia estes dois mundos: Luanda que quer crescer à altura das grandes potências mundiaise Luanda cidade com cerca de 80%da sua “fisionomia”urbana compostaporconstrução informal onde se vive em condições precárias. Assim, este trabalho procura mostrar quea arquiteturae o seu executante técnico, o arquiteto, têm um papel muito importante a desempenhar no pensamento e planeamento urbanoeque érecompensado,de várias formas,o trabalho à escala humana,abordando as várias dimensõesda vida das cidades: económica, ecológica, cultural, social, sustentável, étnica e moral. Propõe o pensamento consciente ede resolução prática e lógicados vários problemas urbanos, considera uma inversão de prioridades nos planos e projetos de arquitetura, inova na utilização de materiais não-convencionaisna construção, observa atentamenteos espaços e a sua utilização e cria com base nas premissas intrínsecas à prática de arquitetar.
ABSTRACT: In a world where globalization is the watchword and thetool of economical capital, other life aspects are slighted, sometimes with irreversible consequences. The neocolonialismthat isfeltin thecapital citiesof Africa,is one of the examplesof this reality,where huge projects with overwhelming presence are imported from other countriesand based onthis territory, with decontextualized genesis and illusionary assumptions, scorning the way of life in this cities. With a demographic growth, Luanda, the city chosen for the present studywill have to joinwiselythese two worlds: Luanda that wants to grow to a level of the major world powers,and Luanda with about 80% of its urban “physiognomy” composed by informal construction where people lives in really bad conditions. Therefore, this present work seeks to show that architecture and its technical performer, the architect, have a very important role to play in the way thaturban space are thinking and planning. This project alsowants to show thatthe work on a human scale is rewardedin different levels, approaching the different dimensions of city’s life: economic, culture, social, sustainable, ethnic and moral. This project is proposing theconscious thought,practical and logical resolution of the multiple urban issues andconsiders an inversion of priorities in the plans and architectural designs;is innovative by usesunconventionalmaterials in the construction; watch closely thespaces and their use and promotes creation that isbased on the intrinsic assumptions to the practice of architecture.
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Scott, K. M. "Is Leis an Tighearna an Talamh agus a Làn (The Earth and all that it contains belongs to God) : the Scottish Gaelic settlement history of Prince Edward Island". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.661676.
Texto completoKennedy, Mike. "Is leis an Tighearna an talamh agus an lan (The earth and all that it contains belongs to God) : the Scottish Gaelic settlement history of Prince Edward Island". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20603.
Texto completoSouza, Lucinéia Medrado de. "A histórica caminhada do assentamento Padre Josimo I e II na luta pela terra em Cristalandia-TO". Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/409.
Texto completoHow were political and territorial actions organized in the trajectory of the formation and occupation process of the Padre Josimo I and II settlement in the state of Tocantins in the period from 2003 to 2016? This is the starting point of this work. From there we must understand what agrarian reform is and why this policy must take effect. What is the role of the Movement of Landless Rural Workers and what influence does this movement have in this process. Agrarian reform emerges as a policy to 'solve' the question of land ownership, making the division of private and public lands unproductive. Being a slow process that runs counter to elite interests, agrarian reform is still a utopia for many families who do not own the land. In 1984, the landless rural workers' movement was formalized in order to fight for land and for agrarian reform. The movement gradually gained force throughout the national territory. It is a movement open to all who struggle for agrarian reform. It has a collective organization through the fronts of struggle. It had strong influence of the CPT and counts on allies like political parties, unions, religious institutions and other movements. In Tocantins, this movement acted more intensely in the northern region known as Bico do Papagaio, where there were many conflicts with the land issue. Father Josimo was a defender of the struggle for the land and fought with the families of the Papagaio Beak who sought dignity through the possession of the land to live and produce food. He was killed by gunmen hired by grileiros in the area. His struggle and courage have served as an example to many others who are still struggling for this achievement. The fighting movement exists throughout the state of Tocantins and, motivated by the MST, many families come together in this process. First they identify the unproductive farms in the region, the landless families who believe in movement and struggle and begin to tread a long path. They settle in the camp, with the poor conditions of life, but much will and spirit. The MST does all part of animation and encouragement through meetings, lectures, experiences, political formation. Pressures INCRA for the expropriation of the farm and the division of lots for the settlement of the families. The fighting period in the camp is intensified by the desire to own the land. So it was with the families who are part of the settlement of Father Josimo I and II in Cristalândia - TO that received the name of the Father who is a symbol of the struggle for the land. Thus, this work seeks to understand, through interviews conducted to 40 families, the MST's performance in the organization of the camp and in the settlement Padre Josimo I and II.
Szczyrba, Sebastian. "Setzungsarme Bauweisen im Hinterfüllbereich von Brückenwiderlagern". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-118740.
Texto completoBarreto, Mauricio Guillermo Corba. "Por que duas casas ficam em pé e uma cai? Estudo multicaso do processo construtivo de três habitações sociais em adobe nos assentamentos rurais Pirituba II e Sepé Tiaraju - SP - Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18141/tde-19012012-102010/.
Texto completoThe production of rural housing with earthen construction techniques, in the last 30 years, has represented a modern and viable solution to the problem of housing need in the world. The adobe, despite being one of the oldest earthen techniques, has been little used in Brazil for the construction of new houses, especially as rural social housing. However, among other initiatives, stands out the experience of the Research Group on Housing and Sustainability - HABIS, linked to the Institute of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of São Paulo (IAU-USP São Carlos), which promoted the implementation of adobe on the production of three houses in two rural settlements, both located in the state of São Paulo. This work aimed to investigate the construction process of these three adobe houses, one in the Rural Settlement Pirituba II and two built in Rural Settlement Sepé Tiaraju, and the conditions possibly related to the conservation of two houses and the collapse of another. The work was developed through the action research methodology and the study of multiple cases, and the main results was the definition of the steps, variables and characteristics of the construction process of the three cases, achieved from: a) an independent study, finding reasons that led to the collapse of a house and aspects of constructive steps that enabled the other two to be concluded, according to each Rural Settlement; b) a group of studies, which showed similarities, differences, problems and progress of the construction stages of the studied houses, through the creation of a tool for categorization; c) a comprehensive analysis considering the following aspects of the construction process of the studied houses: general project under which they were developed, actors, building tradition and the natural environment and climate. With this study it was also possible to conduct a brief overview, especially international, of 16 examples, similar to the empirical object of this research.
Rebellato, Lilian. "Interpretando a variabilidade cerâmica e as assinaturas químicas e físicas do solo no Sítio Arqueológico Hatahara - AM". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-14052007-111921/.
Texto completoThis work is the result of a research in the Hatahara archaeological site in Iranduba, AM. Our main goal is to reconstruct the site\'s structure, functioning and occupation through the mapping of the soil\'s chemical and physical variability as well as the site\'s ceramics variability, in order to know the variations present and the size and shape of its early settlements. Our investigation aimed at discovering what layer is related to the beginning of the process of black soil\'s formation and whether it is possible to do the following: a) reestablish the Hatahara site\'s occupation history through the chemical and physical soil analyses and their associations with ceramics? b) understand the morphology of settlement of four distinct occupations through the ceramics, chemical and physical soil variability? c) find specific activity areas through chemical concentration analyses? The Mehlich III method was used to extract the soil nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, C, N) and the results, which were plotted in a map, showed a circular village associated with Paredao occupation, and a linear village associated with Guarita occupation.
Fritsch, Uta. "Entwicklung von Landnutzungsszenarien für landschaftsökologische Fragestellungen". Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/399/.
Texto completoToday′s landscapes in Central Europe are the result of a long history of land-use, which is characterised by many different demands. The immediate and long-term consequences of predominantly intensive land-use have led to environmental problems in many cases. Therefore it is necessary to develop strategies for the maintenance of landscape efficiency which take into account the different claims of utilisation. In this context the estimation of possible impacts of land-use changes represents an important statement of problem. For the analysis of the relevant processes within the landscape, it is common to apply mathematical models. Such models enable the investigation of the landscape under current conditions or with regard to modified boundary conditions. A hypothetic alteration of land-use, which is termed as land-use scenario, represents a substantial modification of the boundary conditions, because land-use exerts a strong influence on the natural processes of the landscape. While the driving forces are predominantly governed by socio-economical and political decisions, the exact location of land-use changes within the landscape mainly depends on the natural conditions and follows partly transparent rules. With these presumptions it is possible to develop land-use scenarios, which can serve as input data for the modelling of different questions of landscape ecology such as the influence of land-use on the water balance, the danger of erosion or the quality of habitat characteristics. In the context of this thesis the grid-based deterministic allocation model luck (Land Use Change Scenario Kit) for the allocation of land-use changes was developed. It is based upon the types of spatial data, which are commonly used in landscape ecology, such as information on land-use, soils as well as topography. The derivation of scenarios follows the approaches of landscape planning. The model is based upon the hypothesis, that land-use structure can be described as a function of its landscape ecological factors. The potential of a site to become subject to land-use changes, results from a combination of its local qualities and the site characteristics of its neighbourhood. Land-use change is realised iteratively in order to simulate the gradual process of changes in the landscape. The influence of land-use changes on flood generation serves as a case study to demonstrate the need for spatial explicit land-use scenarios. For each land-use category – built up areas, agriculturally used areas and natural/semi-natural land – the model luck offers a submodel for investigating the effect of land-use changes on flood generation: 1) Expansion of settlement area: This submodel is based upon the assumption that settlements spread only in the neighbourhood of already existing built-up areas and preferentially along infrastructural axes of development. Steep slopes inhibit the spreading on potential locations. 2) Set-aside of marginal yield sites under agricultural use: Setting-aside of arable land is based on the hypothesis that the selection of arable land to be set-aside depends on the potential yield efficiency of the locations. Within this submodel all fields under agricultural use are valued to that effect and the ones with the least productive efficiency are selected as set-aside locations. In case of homogeneous area qualities the set-aside locations are selected randomly. 3) Establishment of protected areas in waterside and ripearian areas: This submodel takes into consideration that the protection of sensitive areas along the river courses may have positive consequences for the efficiency of the landscape. Therefore this submodel establishes protection zones on waterside and ripearian sites under currently agricultural use, that might be of value for nature conservation. The size of the protection area depends on the morphology of the surrounding landscape. The three submodels were validated with respect to the implied hypotheses by the help of many different approaches. The result of this intensive analysis shows a satisfying suitability for each of the submodels. The simulation of land-use changes was carried out for three mesoscale river catchments with an area between 100 and 500 km². Special attention was paid to the fact that these areas should be markingly different in their land-use: One study area is predominantly under intensive agricultural use, one is densely populated and the third one is covered by forest in large parts of the area. With regard to their relevance to the onhand question from existing land-use trends scenarios were derived for the prognosed settlement area for the year 2010, for the possible consequences of the EU-wide agreement of Agenda 2000 and for the amending federal conservation law dating to the year 2001, which enhances the enlargement of protected areas. Each scenario was applied to the three study areas utilizing the model luck. For the expansion of the settlement areas in all three study areas realistic land-use patterns were generated. Limitations arose only in the context of the search for marginal yield fields. Here, the random distribution of areas to be set-aside under homogeneous conditions led to unrealistic results. The quality of the establishment of protected areas in waterside and ripearian areas is substantially bound to current land-use and the morphology of the area. The best results for this submodel are achieved if waterside and ripearian areas are mainly arable land and if the river has lowered its course into the morphology. The hydrological consequences are described exemplarily for each land-use trend with a historical flood event. The interpretation of the hydrographs does not allow global statements about the influence of land-use. The study demonstrates the significance of land-use pattern for the natural processes in the landscape and underlines the necessity of spatially explicit modelling for landscape ecological questions at the mesoscale.
Staub, Matthias. "Approche multi-échelle du comportement bio-mécanique d'un déchet non dangereux". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU025.
Texto completoThis research addresses the biomechanical evolution of municipal solid waste subject to different pretreatment and operational conditions at different scales. After an introduction to the major stakes and figures related to waste management, waste landfilling and its evolution (Chapter I), the characterization of the waste medium is addressed (Chapter II). This triphasic unsaturated medium requires a dedicated scientific approach as well as specific investigation experiments. Several past investigations have demonstrated the need for specific coupled studies of waste. To do so, it seems also essential to adapt measurement methods (moisture, density. . . ) to the waste medium (Chapter III). Hence, measurement techniques have been studied in detail and validated for their use in this medium at scales ranging from the laboratory to the site. An experimental platform consisting of four pilot cells at a semi-industrial scale, designed with Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation, has been used at LTHE to investigate waste biomechanics at a sufficient scale and under site-near conditions (compression, temperature, moisture. . . ) (Chapter IV). The results enable to characterize biodegradation in terms of daily monitoring as well as final budgets, but also to identify the major drivers of biodegradation depending on the pre-treatment and operational conditions. Finally, these results and other laboratory- and site-scale results have been used to demonstrate the biomechanical coupling and to propose a model for waste settlement (Chapter V)
Bel, Justin. "Modélisation physique de l’impact du creusement d’un tunnel par tunnelier à front pressurisé sur des fondations profondes". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET002/document.
Texto completoThe major goal presented in this thesis was to analyze and investigate the mechanisms, which are involved in the impact of the tunnels excavated thanks to an Earth Pressure Balanced Shield on nearby deep foundations. This thesis was realized in European project NeTTUN and the work had been done in the Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics (LTDS) of ENTPE. During these works, phenomenological approach was based on two important experimental campaigns carried out using a unique device at the international level of a 1g scale model of earth-pressure tunnel boring machine (scale of the order of 1 / 10). The state of the art of this device was to be able to simulate in possibly realistic way the main stages of the three-dimensional process of mechanized excavation of a tunnel. In the framework of this thesis, the existing model tunneling machine device was initially reconfigured in order to reach the expectations of the experimental program envisaged. Physical models of deep foundations (piles and groups of piles) and protective barriers were designed under the similitude laws, manufactured and instrumented. The two large-scale experimental campaigns have been carried out in a dry sand massif. The first one concerned the effects of the passage of a pressurized tunnel boring machine on nearby deep foundations (piles, group of piles), whereas another one dealed with the effectiveness of mitigation procedure (diaphragm walls) used to limit these effects. Different parameters that influenced on the tunneling: soil - foundation interaction considered as the relative tunnel / foundation distance, the frontal face pressure applied by the TBM in the field or the height of the protective barriers. The phenomenological analysis carried out at the scale of the model concerned in particular the evolution of the fields of stresses and displacements in the ground around the tunnel boring machine, relatives pile / soil and wall / soil displacements and the redistribution of stresses along the pile foundations. The large database and analysis constituted was used for the validation of numerical modeling tools developed by the University of Rome within the NeTTUN project
Chen, Tseng-Bang y 陳增邦. "Settlement Analysis of Earth Dams". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75936982110721452310.
Texto completo國立中興大學
土木工程學系
85
ABSTRACTThe earth dams with the finer and more impervious materials placed in an internal core, and the coarser materials utilized in both sides of the core, are used for storing water. The settlement of earth dams occurs during construction and continues after construction. The post-construction settlement of earth dams is influenced by the method of construction, characteristics of placing materials, saturation degree of placing materials, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate the post-construction settlement of earth dams.The research is aimed at four existing earth dams in Taiwan area. They are Shihmen, Tzengwen, Liyuetan, and Nanhua earth dams. From the measured settlements and the construction materials, a suitable approach to evaluating the post-construction settlement of earth dams is proposed in a trial manner to provide valuable references in engineering design of earth dams.
Wang, Rui-De y 王瑞德. "The Study on postconstruction settlement of earth dams". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83715885127500336766.
Texto completo國立中興大學
土木工程學系
85
AbstractThe detention facilities are necessary in slopeland developing project. It is used to absorb the increase of peak runoff and sedimentation due to developing activities. Open slot detention dam can often be applied to decrease the maximum efflux and to adjust the sediment transport. However, portion of its volume occupied by sediment will decrease dam's volume so as its function of runoff control. In this research, theoretical analysis together with experimental work are applied to study the function of detention dam in regard to runoff control and sediment transport. The following conclusions can be drawn :1. As concerns the performance of flow hydrograph which can be represented as hydrograph eigenvalue (=) ,that is much easier than coefficient of skewness Cs , and coefficient of kurtosis Ck ,and this study offers a formula to predict the relationship between hydrograph eigenvalue (=) and coefficient of skewness Cs.2. In order to analyze the theory of detention volume , the maximum peak inflow discharge Qim and the peak of time Tip are used to make the discharge Q and time T non-dimensionally . It's also easier and practical to use and to discuss the variety of discharge and time in characteristics of detention. 3. The peak flood declining rate has close relationship between the type of inflow hydrograph , the shape and the size of outlet of detention dam. In this paper ,if the type of inflow hydrograph ,the shape and the size of outlet of detention dam are showed as and respectively , that is a function of the peak flood declining rate . The study regresses a experimental model to apply.4. As concerns the construction of detention dam, we can adopt the triangle flow hydrograph to analyze the inflow ,and outflow hydrographs. When the inflow hydrograph is sure ,it means that , , and could be expected .If the is also definited , then according to the non-dimensional theory , we can predict the minimum detention volume and to get the experimental model .5. The discharge formula of rectangular outlet detention dam has close relationship between width of detention dam (B) and length of pond (L).From the results of the experiments, the outlet discharge have function on the width of open slot(b) and water head (Hd).6. The relationship between the characteristic of sediment flushing and hydrograph time can be qualified using the sediment flushing efficiency ,and has exponential function on relative inflow base time =T/Tib, and it is proved that the sediment flushing efficiency mainly concentration on the rising segment.7. The sediment flushing rate goes up with the increase of width of open slot (b) or the decrease of medium diameter(d50) ;in the contrast to the front , when b decreases and d50 increases, the goes down. Furthermore, this paper takes relative peak discharge Qim/Qmax, relative width (=b/B) and Reynold number Re* as parameters, and provides the experimental model of the sediment flushing rate.
LIU, LI-HUAN y 劉吏桓. "Research Development and Settlement Mino Earth God Faith". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37929842161921242455.
Texto completoBanhegyi, Stephen. "Google Earth and GIS reveal settlement patterns associated with stone circles, southern Gauteng, South Africa". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17412.
Texto completoHuang, Tzu-fang y 黃子芳. "A Study on the Temples of Earth-deity in the Litou-dien Area--An Approach to Understand Locality and Spaces of Settlement". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08818608275389617515.
Texto completo南華大學
建築與景觀學系環境藝術碩士班
98
This study is an exploration of the relationship between the worship of earth-deities and the development of human settlements in the Nan-tuen District of Taichung. The local temples for earth-deities can be seen quite often in the rural area of Nan-tuen. They function as important worshiping places, as well as social and emotional centers for the residents in the area. Upon further scrutiny, this study finds that these earth-deity temples have been involved with all levels of local life, forming an interesting and important system by itself to understand the spatial structure of this specific locality. Earth-deity worship is a very common ritualistic behavior in the daily life of Taiwanese people. The power of the earth-deity can be felt in how people conceive their natural environment, including how the rivers should bring fortune and blessings to the area, and how the crops can become bountiful every year if the area can gain protection from the earth-deities. Also, the societal decorum and the rituals of worship that were connected with the belief of earth-deities are numerous, including they can bring good fortune to local businesses, and keep the house safe from the fire disasters and floods, etc. Further, an obvious portion of the earth-deity temples are located by the rivers that run through the area. With an analysis of the river system in the area, we can discover how the temples form an interesting spatial structure by itself. We can thus realize that the so-called "place" or "locality" also has a structure that was constructed by the natural environment, the development of the farming settlements, and the river system, and the earth-deity worship in the local daily life. All in all, this study has unveiled the spatial structure of locality, through a systematic study on the temples of earth-deities in the Nan-tuen area. The earth-deity belief regarding nature and culture, and its conception of natural and man-made environment, formulated a most unique landscape and cultural scene for this area.
Berger, Karen. "Performing belonging: meeting on and in the earth". Thesis, 2013. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25361/.
Texto completoWang, Huan-Yun y 王奐筠. "The Studyon Dispute Settlement Body Reports of Raw Material Case and Rare Earth Case and their Implications to the Compliance of People's Republic of China’s Energy Conservation and other regulations with the WTO Covered Agreements". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tccadu.
Texto completo國立東華大學
財經法律研究所
102
China plays an important role of rare earth producer. From the Panel procedure of dispute settlement mechanism, they have not eliminated quantitative restriction regulations, even losing law suit of the Appellate Body procedure. After the Raw Material Case, in fact, dispute settlement mechanism has not solved the similar restrictive measure as result of Rare Earth Cases. From cases of Raw Material and Rare Earth, the issues in action are consisting of two sections: China's Protocol of Accession (Working Party Report included) and GATT. From China's Protocol of Accession, the issue is in Article 11.3," Taxes and Charges Levied on Imports and Exports "; from GATT, the issues are in Article 11.1, " General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions ," and Article 20," General Exceptions. " Although in Raw Material Case, the Plaintiff raises the issue of Article 10.3(a)," Publication and Administration of Trade Regulations" of GATT, the Rare Earth Case doesn't re-exist. Besides, this paper is going to compare Raw Material Case and Rare Earth Case from the past in order to arrange the using standard of China's Protocol of Accession and GATT. Even though China is losing the suit from Raw Material Case and the Appellate Body procedure of Rare Earth Case, and all quantitative restriction regulations violate China's Protocol of Accession and GATT, there are still various regulations could restrict exporting rare earth productions. This paper is going to examine the legality of regulations and introduce the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Rare Earth Regulations (draft) ". Furthermore, basing "Law of the People's Republic of China on Energy Conservation," China could restrict the exportation of rare earth products or not and examine its legality as well. Finally, it includes predict the Appellate Body ruling on behalf of the conclusions as a result, thereby making the consistency of existing WTO rules and regulations applicable to the relevant standards.
Szczyrba, Sebastian. "Setzungsarme Bauweisen im Hinterfüllbereich von Brückenwiderlagern". Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22866.
Texto completoAquilino, Mariella. "Earth Observation for Sustainable Development Goal 11: methods and tools in support of policies for resilient and inclusive cities". Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/237618.
Texto completoThe work aims to implement methods and tools based on Earth Observation (EO) data in support of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.” EO data have been recently recognized as a fundamental source of information for SDG indicators estimation. The spatial distribution of population and settlement layers, derived by EO-based surveys and methodologies, are specifically considered essential variables requested for quantifying SDG 11 indicators. However, the complexity of EO data handling and processing makes difficult the integration and usage of such data in SDGs monitoring strategies adopted from local policy makers. Furthermore, Local and Regional Authorities (LRAs), who daily facing urban growth pressures that affect the big cities, require indicators at the intra-urban scale to design adequate policies to foster the achievement of SDG 11, whereas the scientific community provides only national, regional and city scale indicators. To fill such gaps, this work proposes an improved vector-based dasymetric method (available in different versions and implementations) with the aim to provide both updated and more reliable population density maps at high spatial resolution 100 x 100 m. Concerning the settlement maps, the study proposed two different automatic classification procedures, data-driven pixel-based or, alternatively, knowledge-driven object-based. The satellite data selected as input are multi-seasonal and cloud free Sentinel-2 images, freely downloadable from the European Space Agency (ESA) Copernicus Open Access Hub. Grid population map and settlement layer (only buildings) were used as input to implement SDG 11.3.1 — “Ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate” indicator, i.e., Land Use Efficiency (LUE) indicator. By integrating the essential variables with other domain-specific information, e.g., cadastral data, street network, air particle pollutants and natural hazard maps, additional SDG 11 indicators/sub-indicators (e.g., SDG 11.1.1, 11.2.1 and 11.6.2) can be computed at the local level. When observed over time and per unit area, the obtained indicators can provide trends useful for the progress monitoring of the UN 2030 Agenda. A set of automatic tools, devoted at the automatic computation of inputs of SDGs 11 indicators, were developed to make procedures reproducible for various cities. A Quantum GIS (QGIS) plugin and a cloud-based platform were used for sharing and facilitating the invocation of scientific workflows for all potential stakeholders without extensive expertise on the EO domain. In the Bari study area, all the indicators listed above — as well as their changes (2011–2020), when data are available for different epochs — were quantified for both the total population and the regular migrant population components, with distinctions drawn between nationalities of origin. The evaluation of the population growth rate and indicators evidenced, in Bari, that native and regular migrant components are settling according to different logics. The proximity to central areas where schools, hospitals and other services, as well as easier access to public transportation (SDG 11.2.1 indicator), appears to favour the growth of migrant communities. Native residents, instead, appear to have moved to the newly built residential areas of the suburbs. Thus, these findings stress the great impact of the proposed intra-urban scale implementation of indicators SDGs 11 in designing evidence-based policies, which reserve attention to social cohesion and inclusion issues.
Eloff, Corné. "Spatial technology as a tool to analyse and combat crime". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1193.
Texto completoCriminology
D.Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)