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Nakonechna, Maria y Svitlana Zheliezniak. "The psychological correlates of intersubjectivity in early adolescence". Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology 11 (73), n.º 1 (2021): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jesp.2021.1.13.
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The topicality of the investigated problem is connected with the necessity to study the positive, constructive aspects of human nature. The concept of intersubjectivity suggests that interpersonal communication can facilitate mutual growth and development of the interaction participants. This leads us from studying the personal traits to the investigation of interpersonal processes. The research aimed to investigate the interconnections of intersubjectivity with intellectual development, aggressiveness, self-image, and the sociometric status among adolescents empirically. The negative correlational link was found between the level of intellectual development and self-image, which can be understood through the concept of critical thinking, as an intellectually developed adolescent can be critical towards him/herself, and it can result in law self-image.
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Bell, Christopher R. "Intersubjectivity in Psychoanalysis: A Model for Theory and Practice". Language and Psychoanalysis 7, n.º 2 (23 de noviembre de 2018): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/landp.v7i2.1586.
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Lewis Kirshner’s recent study Intersubjectivity in Psychoanalysis: A Model for Theory and Practice presents a highly readable and long-needed synoptic account of the diverse meanings and conceptualizations of intersubjectivity informing current psychoanalytic practice. Kirshner notes that the term ‘intersubjectivity’ was not commonly invoked in psychoanalytic theorizing before 1980, yet from the 1980’s onwards its use has increased dramatically. The concept of intersubjectivity within psychoanalysis is most closely associated with the interpersonal turn that has roots in Sandor Ferenzci’s early critique of the analyst playing a neutral or objective role in interpreting the unconscious meaning of symptoms and Harry Stack Sullivan’s critique of Freud’s concept of anxiety as predominantly a signal anxiety to the ego indicating the imminent emergence of hitherto repressed ideas into conscious awareness.
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Ferencz-Flatz, Christian. "The element of intersubjectivity. Heidegger’s early conception of empathy". Continental Philosophy Review 48, n.º 4 (23 de noviembre de 2015): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11007-015-9350-4.
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Tzohar, Roy. "Imagine Being a Preta: Early Indian Yogācāra Approaches to Intersubjectivity". Sophia 56, n.º 2 (15 de septiembre de 2016): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11841-016-0544-y.
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Kokkinaki, Theano. "Paternal questioning as a component of innate intersubjectivity in early infancy". Early Child Development and Care 189, n.º 4 (junio de 2017): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2017.1332599.
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Moggach, Douglas. "Reciprocity, Elicitation, Recognition: The Thematics of Intersubjectivity in the Early Fichte". Dialogue 38, n.º 2 (1999): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300007216.
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RésuméCet article explore les liens entre la Wissenschaftslehre (WL) de Fichte, en 1794–1795, et ses Fondements du droit naturel (Grundlage des Naturrechts — GNR) de 1796–1797. Nous examinons la façon dont le concept de réciprocité dans WL aide à expliquer la pensée développée par Fichte dans GNR au sujet de l'action intersubjective et de la sphère du droit, et montrons que certaines difficultés conceptuelles dans le premier texte expliquent des tensions irrésolues dans le second. Hans-Jürgen Verweyen a identifié une conception large et une conception étroite de l'intersubjectivité dans GNR, la première impliquant la réciprocité comme causalité mutuelle, tandis que la seconde l'implique comme limitation mutuelle. Pour expliquer cette dualité, nous entreprenons une analyse détaillée de l'action réciproque dans WL, établissant d'abord sa place et sa fonction dans l'idéalisme critique de Fichte, et procédant ensuite à l'examen de son application à l'intersubjectivité juridique dans GNR. Cette approche clarifie également le rapport de Fichte à Kant et à Hegel.
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Losoncz, Alpar. "Two conflicting interpretations of social philosophy". Filozofija i drustvo 25, n.º 2 (2014): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1402056l.
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In this paper I present two philosophers, namely Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Paul Sartre, but from the perspective of social philosophy. I emphasize that social philosophy proves to be a rarity today, and this explains the necessity of articulation of the achievements of these philosophers. In particular, I analyze the relationship between the articulation of intersubjectivity and social philosophy and on the basis of these relations I present the differences and conflicts between the aforementioned philosophers. Merleau-Ponty?s philosophy is explained from the perspective of unbroken intersubjectivity; the philosophy of Sartre is presented on the basis of the relation between 56 transcendental subjectivity and intersubjectivity. The article follows the genealogical approach, that is, it highlights the dynamics of the thinking of these thinkers in order to show the displacements. Finally, I develop the thesis that the late Sartre, who remained within the frames of Marx?s approach, actually reinterprets the early indications to be found in Merleau-Ponty concerning social philosophy. Consequently, late Sartre is still an important reference point in terms of the critical philosophy of society.
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Larsson, Patrick. "How important is an understanding of the client’s early attachment experience to the psychodynamic practice of counselling psychology?" Counselling Psychology Review 27, n.º 1 (marzo de 2012): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2011.27.1.10.
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Content and FocusThis paper will examine how important an understanding of the client’s early attachment experience is to the psychodynamic practice of counselling psychology. This question will not only be addressed through Bowlby’s attachment theory, but also through the psychodynamic approach of Winnicott and will be positioned within counselling psychology’s relational framework. The paper asks whether counselling psychology’s philosophical foundations, which is grounded in two radically different epistemologies, serves as a help or a hindrance to answering this question and what this means for theory and practice. The paper begins with a review of the theory of attachment-related psychodynamics, intersubjectivity and counselling psychology, before moving on to presenting two client examples which will be conceptualised using attachment theory. It concludes with a critique that examines attachment theory’s position within counselling psychology’s conflicted epistemological framework, and finally it argues that the field of counselling psychology can serve as a progressive influence on future research which aims to explore attachment-related dynamics and intersubjectivity.
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Davis, Theo. "Emerson Attuning: Issues in Attachment and Intersubjectivity". American Literary History 31, n.º 3 (2019): 369–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajz023.
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AbstractThis essay reads Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essays in light of attachment theory, in particular the work of Daniel Stern. After providing an overview of attachment theory, it focuses on Stern’s argument that infants begin life in a relational state, gradually organizing a sense of embodied selfhood out of experiences of attuned interactions with other people. This image of subjectivity is presented as a corrective to the dominant conception of subjectivity in critical theory. The essay then uses Stern to argue that Emerson’s work elucidates an experience of early attachment trauma, driving a charged search for intersubjective contact and embodied presence in his work. This search informs Emerson’s response to the nineteenth-century logic of race: he understands race as a term for infinite connection at the level of biology, and responds to it with articulations of a different form of connection found at the level of the individual experience of the body within intersubjective relation. Subjectively oriented and embodied interdependency, visible in both Stern and Emerson, constitute a mode of interconnection crucially different from that which is the focus of actor-network-theory and critical work influenced by it.
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Vogeley, Kai. "Two social brains: neural mechanisms of intersubjectivity". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, n.º 1727 (3 de julio de 2017): 20160245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0245.
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It is the aim of this article to present an empirically justified hypothesis about the functional roles of the two social neural systems, namely the so-called ‘mirror neuron system’ (MNS) and the ‘mentalizing system’ (MENT, also ‘theory of mind network’ or ‘social neural network’). Both systems are recruited during cognitive processes that are either related to interaction or communication with other conspecifics, thereby constituting intersubjectivity. The hypothesis is developed in the following steps: first, the fundamental distinction that we make between persons and things is introduced; second, communication is presented as the key process that allows us to interact with others; third, the capacity to ‘mentalize’ or to understand the inner experience of others is emphasized as the fundamental cognitive capacity required to establish successful communication. On this background, it is proposed that MNS serves comparably early stages of social information processing related to the ‘detection’ of spatial or bodily signals, whereas MENT is recruited during comparably late stages of social information processing related to the ‘evaluation’ of emotional and psychological states of others. This hypothesis of MNS as a social detection system and MENT as a social evaluation system is illustrated by findings in the field of psychopathology. Finally, new research questions that can be derived from this hypothesis are discussed. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.
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Tobin, Vera. "Joint attention, To the Lighthouse, and modernist representations of intersubjectivity". English Text Construction 3, n.º 2 (11 de octubre de 2010): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.3.2.04tob.
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This paper argues that literary modernism can be productively understood as a reflection on what happens when joint attention is frustrated in its operation. Experimental fictions of the early twentieth century frequently dramatize problems of joint attention that can be traced to the ultimate relation between author, reader, and text. Analysis of these dramatizations demonstrates the importance of this joint attentional trope, and suggests a fresh reading of the famous “phantom table” in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse.
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Wootton, Anthony J. "Object transfer, intersubjectivity and third position repair: early developmental observations of one child". Journal of Child Language 21, n.º 3 (octubre de 1994): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009454.
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ABSTRACTInteraction sequences are explored which are initiated by either child requests or adult offers of objects. The focus is on those sequences in which the child does not want an object that is passed to her, and on how the child manages such an interactional contingency. Throughout the age range in question, 1;0 to 1;8, the child uses re-requests where this contingency occurs in request sequences. The analysis traces the development of these re-requests and compares them with other forms of re-request. In addition, differences are uncovered as between request and offer sequences concerning the child's ways of dealing with an unwanted object that is passed to her. Linkages are made between these themes and work on third position repair within conversation analysis. Home based video-recordings of one child between the ages of 1;0 and 1;8 constitute the data base for the study.
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Jovanovic-Kozlowski, Radmila. "Directival theory of meaning and the problem of intersubjectivity". Theoria, Beograd 65, n.º 4 (2022): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2204005j.
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In the early thirties of the twentieth century Wittgenstein advanced his new conception of language based on the idea of rule following. It is less known that at the same time (and as far as I can tell, independently) Ajdukijewicz developed himself an idea of the language meaning related to the rule following activity, which he used in defence of radical conventionalism. Tadeusz Czarnecki analyses papers of two philosophers both published in 1934, and offers a critique of Ajdukijewicz?s theory of meaning. He claims that while Wittgenstein has in his philosophical arsenal the means to assure intersubjectivity of meaning, Ajdukijewicz fails in that respect. In this paper I want to show that this critique is ill- placed. I will claim that the interpretation of Ajukijewicz?s directival theory of meaning offered by Czarnecki is not accurate because it is neglecting some important aspects of Ajdukijewicz?s conventionalist position.
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Rusakov, Sergei Sergeevich. "The Concept of subject in the philosophy of E. Husserl". Философия и культура, n.º 4 (abril de 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2021.4.36040.
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This article analyzes the elements of the concept of subject traced in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl throughout all his works. The author follows the transformation of the views of German philosopher on the idea of subject. As well as their implementation in the context of phenomenological thought. Special attention is given to correlation between the works of Husserl of the early period and the later period. It is noted that unlike the Cartesian or Kantian model of subjectivity, the egological subject for the first time conceptualizes intersubjectivity as the foundation for the development of the fundamentally new concept of understanding a human as a subject endowed with self-consciousness. The main conclusions consist in the following theses: despite the fact that the key role in the egological concept of subject belongs to the definition of evidence, intentionality, and reduction, the problem of cognition, considered in this article, is developed by Husserl as further complication of the Kantian approach; the egological concept of subject implements the concept of intersubjectivity, which demarcates the ideas of E. Husserl among other approaches towards the concept of subject. understanding the subject. On the one hand, intersubjectivity weakens the position of the idea of absolute autonomy of the subject’ while on the other hand, it is the new mechanism for legitimizing the subjective process of cognition and the truth itself, due to recognition of ego behind the figure of the Other.
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Prole, Dragan. "Collective ethos. Phenomenology, early avant-garde and new anthropology". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, n.º 163 (2017): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1763459p.
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In the first part of the article, the author discusses the basic outlines of romantic and avant-garde anthropology. The crucial concept is related to the motives that drove the romantics in their journey toward individuation, whereas the members of avant-garde movement brought new visions of community into being. Unlike the romantics, early avant-garde movements advocated for ideals of general, globalized man mediated by technology and media. In the second part of the paper, the author analyses Husserl?s concept of all-community (Allgemeinschaft) bearing in mind the attempts of his phenomenology to extend our idea of community as much as it is possible by means of including everything that discloses the very foundations of our lifeworld into the concept of community. By doing so, Husserl encompassed not only the real and the past, but the possible intersubjectivity as well.
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Hewitt, Marsha Aileen. "Christian anti-Judaism and early object relations theory". Critical Research on Religion 6, n.º 3 (24 de septiembre de 2018): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050303218800378.
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The central ideas of early object relations theory are heavily inflected with Christian anti-Judaism, particularly as found in the work of Ian Dishart Suttie, now credited as the founder of this tradition. The critique of Freud launched by Suttie repudiates Freudian theory as a “disease” inextricably connected to Freud being a Jew. Suttie’s portrayal of Judaism both conforms to and replicates those theological commitments that privilege a triumphalist, supersessionist Christianity that breaks with Judaism, understood as devoid of love, ethics, and social justice interests. The paper argues that the elements organizing the central concepts that structure Suttie’s Christian prejudice constitute distorting ideological interests that circulate and shape important strands of contemporary object relations theory. Central to the authors discussed is a repudiation of Freud’s theory of unconscious drives on the basis of privileging love and intersubjectivity as the motivators of human psychological development made possible by Jesus and Christianity. The paper demonstrates that contemporary object relations theory remains heavily indebted to Suttie while remaining oblivious to his explicit anti-Judaism.
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Rochat, Magali J. y Vittorio Gallese. "The Blurred Vital Contours of Intersubjectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Early Signs and Neurophysiological Hypotheses". Psychoanalytic Inquiry 42, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2022): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07351690.2022.2007022.
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Yang, Mei y Xiaofei Lu. "From Xu to the Development of L2 Interactional Competence: A Conversation Analytic Case Study". Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 44, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2021-0018.
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Abstract Dialogues are fundamentally driven by xu (C. Wang, 2016, 2017), a Chinese word meaning continuation that captures the process in which interlocutors participate in interaction through the actions of (utterance) completion, (content) extension, and (topic) creation (CEC). This article reports a conversation analytic case study designed to investigate how the continuation strategies of CEC are used in real-time communication to achieve mutual understanding, and thus to construct intersubjectivity (Verhagen, 2005) and promote the development of second language (L2) interactional competence. Our data consisted of audio and video recordings of a 25-minute conversation between two L2 English speakers, one expert and one novice, and a stimulated recall interview with them. Results revealed that the expert employed CEC at the early stage of interaction to maintain successful communication, and the novice gradually aligned with the expert and used CEC to achieve mutual understanding, construct intersubjectivity, and create opportunities for interaction and learning at the late stage, displaying her development of L2 interactional competence. Our findings have useful implications for theoretical and methodological development of the xu-argument studies as well as for xu-based L2 pedagogy.
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Byrne, Thomas. "Husserl on Impersonal Propositions". Problemos 101 (26 de abril de 2022): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.101.2.
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The young Edmund Husserl stressed that the success of his philosophy hinged upon his ability to determine the subject and the predicate of impersonal propositions and their expressions, such as ‘It is raining’. This essay accordingly investigates the tenability of Husserl’s early thought, by executing the first study of his analysis of impersonal propositions from the late 1890s. This examination reshapes our understanding of the inception of phenomenology in two ways. First, Husserl pinpoints the subject by outlining why impersonal expressions are employed during communication. This contravenes interpretations of the early Husserl as uninterested in intersubjectivity. Second, by studying how Husserl determines the predicate by investigating existential propositions, I show that Husserl , in the late 1890s, came to his final view on the concept of being.
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Fleer, Marilyn, Helen Hedges, Freya Fleer-Stout y Le Thi Bich Hanh. "Researcher intersubjectivity: a methodology for jointly building an interactive electronic early childhood quality involvement/rating scale". International Journal of Research & Method in Education 41, n.º 1 (29 de agosto de 2016): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2016.1219982.
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Petrou, Michael A. "Transmodal Metaphor. Intersubjectivity and Transmodality During Early Development and in a Group Mediation Setting with Autistic Children". Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis 14, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjp-2021-0019.
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Abstract The principle of a clinical setting, created in a centre for autistic children in Greece (The Perivolaki 3), was based on the combination of different mediations within a given group workshop: reproducing sounds, movements, drawings and then reformulating the patterns in a different register. In this article I propose the theoretical-clinical support of this setting on psychoanalytic and neurocognitive data and hypotheses related to the processes of intrasubjective linking and intersubjective links, which I consider to be co-emerging, during normal development and in early pathologies (autisms). Transmodality, affective tuning, primary symbolizations and metaphorization processes are also questioned by this double point of view.
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Valmisa, Mercedes. "THE REIFICATION OF FATE IN EARLY CHINA". Early China 42 (2019): 147–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eac.2019.6.
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AbstractEarly Chinese texts make us witnesses to debates about the power, or lack thereof, that humans had over the course of events, the outcomes of their actions, and their own lives. In the midst of these discourses on the limits of the efficacy of human agency, the notion of ming 命 took a central position.In this article, I present a common pattern of thinking about the relationship between the person and the world in early China. I call it the reifying pattern because it consisted in thinking about ming as a hypostasized entity with object-like features. Although external and independent, ming was not endowed with human qualities such as the capacities for empathy, responsivity, and intersubjectivity. The reification of fate implied an understanding of ming as an external, amoral, and determining force that limited humans without accepting intercommunication with them, thereby causing feelings of alienation, powerlessness, and existential incompetence.I first show that the different meanings of ming hold a sense of prevailing external reality, and hence can be connected to the overarching meaning of fate. Then, I offer an account of the process of reification of fate in early China and its consequences, theoretical and practical, through cases study of received (Mengzi 孟子) and found (Tang Yu zhi dao 唐虞之道) texts. I end with some reflections on the implications of ming as a nonpersonal and nonsubjective type of actor for both early Chinese and twenty-first-century accounts of agency.
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Robarts, Jacqueline. "Music Therapy with Sexually Abused Children". Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 11, n.º 2 (abril de 2006): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104506061418.
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Music is part of everyday life, and is generally regarded as therapeutic. There is increasing interdisciplinary interest in innate human musicality and the link between music and the emotions. Innate musicality is evident in the dynamic forms of emotional expression that both regulate and cultivate the foundations of meaning in human communication (intersubjectivity). This article discusses music therapy, drawing from interdisciplinary perspectives, and illustrated by case material of individual music therapy with a sexually abused child. Where the growth of mind and meaning is devastated at its core by early relational trauma, music, when used with clinical perception, may reach and work constructively with damaged children in an evolving, musically mediated therapeutic relationship.
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De Leeuw, Marc. "Paul Ricœur’s Search for a Just Community. The Phenomenological Presupposition of a Life “with and for others”". Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 8, n.º 2 (16 de febrero de 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2017.416.
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The aim of this article is to examine how Ricœur’s critique of Husserl’s and Levinas’s notions of intersubjectivity informs his own alternative conceptualization of the intra- and interpersonal as a complex intertwining of moral selfhood and a just community. My first assumption is that law, as a prescriptive intervention in the social structure of our communal life, presupposes a phenomenology of our “being with others”. My second assumption is that Ricœur’s entire philosophical anthropology, and specifically his ideas on ethics, legality and justice, can be read as a prolonged response to Husserl’s solipsistic deadlock in the famous Fifth Cartesian Meditation. Taken together these two assumptions connect Ricœur’s early analysis of phenomenology with his complex reconceptualization of moral selfhood in Oneself as Another, culminating in the ethical maxim of “a good life with and for others in just institutions.”
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Owen, Ceri. "On Singing and Listening in Vaughan Williams's Early Songs". 19th-Century Music 40, n.º 3 (2017): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2017.40.3.257.
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Vaughan Williams's celebrated set of Robert Louis Stevenson settings, Songs of Travel, has lately garnered liberal scholarly attention, not least on account of the vicissitudes of its publication history. Following the cycle's premiere in 1904 it was issued in two separate books, each gathering stylistically different songs. Though a credible case for narrative coherence has been advanced in numerous accounts, the cycle's peculiar amalgamation of materials might rather be read as a signal to its projection of multiple voices, which unsettle the longstanding critical tendency to map a single protagonist through its progress. The division marked by the cycle's publication history may productively be understood to reflect a tension inherent in its aesthetic propositions, one constitutive of much of Vaughan Williams's work, which frequently mediates between the individualistic and the collective, the “artistic” and the “accessible,” and, as I suggest, the subjective voice of the individual artist in its invitation to the participation of a singing and listening community. I propose that Vaughan Williams's early songs frequently frame the idea or demand the engagement of a listener's contribution, as particular modes of singing and listening—and singing-as-listening—are figured and invited within the music's constitution. Composed as he was searching for an individual creative voice that simultaneously sustained a nascent commitment to the social utility and intelligibility of national art music, these songs explore the possibility of achieving a self-consciously collective authorial subjectivity, often reaching toward a musical intersubjectivity wherein boundaries between self and other—and between composer, performer, and listener—are collapsed. In the recognition of such processes lies a means of examining the tendency of Vaughan Williams's work toward projecting a powerfully subjective voice that simultaneously claims identification with no single agency.
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Landes, Donald A. "Introduction". Symposium 25, n.º 1 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposium20212511.
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As a descriptive philosophy, it might seem that the ethical nowhere has its place in phenomenology. And yet, phenomenology is every-where shot through with normative concerns. This section includes articles from the 2018 conference Toward a Phenomenological Ethics, where two themes emerged regarding the elusive place of the ethical in phenomenology: first, research demonstrates that early phenomenology was indeed oriented by the ethical; second, Critical Phenomenology examines ethical questions in terms of intersubjectivity and oppression. In this introduction, I suggest that the place of the ethical in phenomenology implies a certain paradoxical logic of expression, and I consider the relationship between expression and encroachment. This points to a double responsibility for the cultivation of our own virtual and the virtual that we collectively sustain. I conclude with a brief relection on how these ideas might help us to rethink our responsibilities in the age of COVID-19.
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Trevarthen, Colwyn y Kenneth J. Aitken. "Brain development, infant communication, and empathy disorders: Intrinsic factors in child mental health". Development and Psychopathology 6, n.º 4 (1994): 597–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004703.
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AbstractDisorders of emotion, communication, and learning in early childhood are considered in light of evidence on human brain growth from embryo stages. We cite microbehavioral evidence indicating that infants are born able to express the internal activity of their brains, including dynamic “motive states” that drive learning. Infant expressions stimulate the development of imitative and reciprocal relations with corresponding dynamic brain states of caregivers. The infant's mind must have an “innate self-with-other representation” of the inter-mind correspondence and reciprocity of feelings that can be generated with an adult.Primordial motive systems appear in subcortical and limbic systems of the embryo before the cerebral cortex. These are presumed to continue to guide the growth of a child's brain after birth. We propose that an “intrinsic motive formation” is assembled prenatally and is ready at birth to share emotion with caregivers for regulation of the child's cortical development, on which cultural cognition and learning depend.The intrinsic potentiality for “intersubjectivity” can be disorganized if the epigenetic program for the infant's brain fails. Indeed, many psychological disorders of childhood can be traced to faults in early stages of brain development when core motive systems form.
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Petlevski, Sibila. "An Early Concept of the Theatre of Interplay: The Relevance of Branko Gavella�s Theory for the Development of Performance Philosophy". Performance Philosophy 3, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2017.3163.
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The aim of this paper is to contribute to the shift in the perception of Branko Gavella�s theoretical work based on the phenomenology of intersubjectivity, and to point to the relevance of his theory of acting for the autochthonous development of the European branch of the modern philosophy of performance, as an interdisciplinary filed of research different form the methods traditionally employed by aestheticians of theatre. This paper�based on several decades of work on the systematization and comparative contextualization of Gavella�s theoretical ouvre�makes an attempt at demonstrating the operability of Gavella�s concepts in the context of some recent interdisciplinary insights into the performance phenomenon. Gavella�s theory can clearly distinguish concepts that we bracket today under the rubric of meaning, as opposed to use, i.e. language-reference, as opposed to speaker�s reference. Already in the 1930s, he applied the relation of semantics to pragmatics, as it would eventually be understood in speech act theory from Austin on, to the problems peculiar to theatre. The core of this paper deals with Gavella�s �speech situations�, and the dynamism of exchange in the relational space of culture.
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Bracken, Joseph. "TOWARD A VALUE-ORIENTED METAPHYSICS OF NATURE". Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 7, n.º 1-2 (2003): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853503321916228.
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AbstractThe English philosopher/theologian Colin Gunton argues that many of the problems besetting the contemporary Western world, including those dealing with the environment, are traceable to a mistaken understanding of the relationship between the One and the Many in practical life. A solution, however, is available in retrieval of the doctrine of the Trinity promoted by the early Greek Fathers, in particular the notion of perichoresis as the dynamic bond of unity among the divine persons. While agreeing with Gunton on this point, the author believes that perichoresis can only be applied to the world of creation in terms of a metaphysics of universal intersubjectivity such as he developed in a recent book. After laying out the basic contours of this new 'relational ontology', the author concludes by calling attention to the work of another process-oriented thinker, Douglas Sturm, with the latter's work on the 'politics of relationality' and an ethic of solidarity.
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Nika, O. I. "EPISTEMIC MODALITY OF THE RUTHENIAN DISCOURSE PRACTICES IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD". Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, n.º 67 (1) (2020): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2020.1.09.
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The article analyzes the influence of epistemic modality on the change of discourse practices in Ukraine in the early Modern period. It explores discourse practices of the 16th and 17th centuries in their dynamic state applying the principles of ‘cultural knowledge’ (the term introduced by M. Foucalt). The paper discusses the common and distinctive features of realizing epistemic modality in polemical and homiletic discourses. The author argues that they are new discourse practices, which appeared as a result of compelling social needs arising in the 16th and 17th centuries, while the functions of the literary language of the time, the Ruthenian language, enhanced. The study shows that in the discourse practices, religious notions were conceived through demonstrating epistemic states of the author / readers that reveal the subjectivity / intersubjectivity in conception, interpretation, and understanding the postulates of faith. The paper proves that epistemic modality is interlinked with certainty, evidentiality, and inferentiality. The article focuses on the epistemic verbs знати (to know), відати (to be aware), розуміти (to understand) which explicate the epistemic modus of the author in these discourse practices and perform phatic and persuasive functions. Thus, the paper considers discursive features of the phraseological unit дати знати (let sb know), signaling the transition from a quotation to an inference, an explication of the message of the preacher. The study also presents grammatical modifications of the phraseological unit: the past tense forms (давал/дал знати), the impersonal form -но (давано знати), participle (даючи знати). The author establishes the link between the epistemic вѣдат with indirect evidentiality and certainty. The author also shows the dominant of the epistemic verb розумѣти in the discourse of the polemists and preachers of the early Modern period.
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VOSKUHL, ADELHEID. "EMANCIPATION IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE: TECHNOLOGY, RATIONALITY, AND THE COLD WAR IN HABERMAS’S EARLY EPISTEMOLOGY AND SOCIAL THEORY". Modern Intellectual History 13, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2014): 479–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244314000717.
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In his 1968 essay “Technology and Science as ‘Ideology’,” Jürgen Habermas deals more explicitly than in other works with phenomena related to modern technology and science.1He is well known for his social theory, legal theory, and theories of subjectivity and intersubjectivity, and has been a major figure in the intellectual history of modern Europe due to the twin role he has played as both a voice and a representative of the political and philosophical movements of postwar and post-Holocaust West Germany. Exploring the role of technology in his thinking brings into focus technology's ambiguous status in critical social theory as well as the general relationship between intellectual history and the history of technology. The disturbingly open-ended question whether technology is modernity's blessing or its curse has mobilized critics and commentators at least since the Industrial Revolution and has divided them at political, epistemic, and moral levels. Habermas's project sits in the middle of such traditions, and his 1968 essay “updates” long-standing concerns about industrial modernity for the specific technological, philosophical, and political conditions of the early Cold War. Intersections between technology and his signature fields—intersections that he has both forged and contributed to—are found in political theories of technology and democracy (in the forms, for example, of technocracy and technological determinism), epistemologies of scientific knowledge and their relevance for theories of the reasonable subject and of knowledge communities, and theories of secularization and modern state-building.2
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Carzedda, Giuseppe. "Feeling Ridiculous and the Emotion of Shame in Physical Experiences During Analysis". Clinical Journal of the International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis 25, n.º 1 (marzo de 2015): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/0743-4804-2015-25-121.
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In this article, a clinical case is discussed according to Bioenergetic Analysis, focusing on the theme of shame and its presence in the patient’s inner experience of feeling ridiculous when carrying out physical exercise proposed during psychotherapy. Two aspects of the therapeutic process are highlighted: first, how the elaboration of this feeling can begin at the very early stages of therapy and second, how within dyadic analysis, the resulting complex and intense affective valences implied can render the approach to such a task quite problematic. Such difficulties lead to the reconsideration of the role of the emotion of shame. Generally, it must be recognized as an integral part of the process of the individual’s psychological development; the relevance of intersubjectivity within the analytic relationship is rendered even more evident. From this theoretical/clinical perspective, considerations derived from a phenomenological approach are recognized as having particular importance, as even imagined looks can assume a central relevance along the two-way relationship bridge that unites the therapist with the patient.
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Gardner, Sebastian. "Sartres Lösung zur Antinomie der sozialen Realität in der Kritik der dialektischen Vernunft". Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 68, n.º 6 (16 de diciembre de 2020): 817–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2020-0057.
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AbstractCritics have standardly regarded Sartre’s Critique of Dialectical Reason as an abortive attempt to overcome the subjectivist individualism of his early philosophy, motivated by a recognition that Being and Nothingness lacks ethical and political significance, but derailed by Sartre’s Marxism. In this paper I offer an interpretation of the Critique which, if correct, shows it to offer a coherent and highly original account of social and political reality, which merits attention both in its own right and as a reconstruction of the philosophical foundation of Marxism. The key to Sartre’s theory of collective and historical existence in the Critique is a thesis carried over from Being and Nothingness: intersubjectivity on Sartre’s account is inherently aporetic, and social ontology reproduces in magnified form its limited intelligibility, lack of transparency, and necessary frustration of the demands of freedom. Sartre’s further conjecture – which can be formulated a priori but requires a posteriori verification – is that man’s collective historical existence may be understood as the means by which the antinomy within human freedom, insoluble at the level of the individual, is finally overcome. The Critique provides therefore the ethical theory promised in Being and Nothingness.
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Auerbach, John S. y Diana Diamond. "Mental Representation in The Thought of Sidney Blatt: Developmental Processes". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 65, n.º 3 (junio de 2017): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065117709582.
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Mental representation was a central construct in Sidney Blatt’s contributions to psychology and psychoanalysis. This brief review demonstrates that Blatt’s understanding of representation was always informed by basic psychoanalytic concepts like the centrality of early caregiver-infant relationships and of unconscious mental processes. Although Blatt’s earlier writings were informed by psychoanalytic ego psychology and Piagetian cognitive developmental psychology, they focused nonetheless on how an individual uses bodily and relational experiences to construct an object world; they also consistently presented object representations as having significant unconscious dimensions. From the mid-1980s onward, Blatt’s contributions, in dialogue with his many students, moved in an even more experiential/relational direction and manifested the influence of attachment theory, parent-infant interaction research, and intersubjectivity theory. They also incorporated contemporary cognitive psychology, with its emphasis on implicit or procedural, rather than explicit, dimensions as a means of accounting for aspects of object representations that are not in conscious awareness. Throughout his career, however, Blatt regarded mental representation as the construct that mediates between the child’s earliest bodily and relational experiences and the mature adult’s symbolic, most emotionally profound capacities.
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Bonde, Birgit y Bent Rosenbaum. "Mobning, psykisk lidelse og selvskade". Psyke & Logos 37, n.º 2 (7 de marzo de 2017): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v37i2.25745.
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The aim of the paper is to investigate how childhood experiences of bullying may later create self-destructive and self-harming behavior. The paper summarizes the empirical quantitative research, but has its main focus on structural qualitative interviews with young adults who participate in group therapy treatment program. The empirical materialclarifies how young adults understand early experiences with bullying and its relation to psychic sufferings and self-destructivity, and the difficulties in addressing the difficulties on a social level. The paper investigates, from a phenomenological and psychoanalytic perspective, howchildhood experiences of bullying are associated with strong, dominating, often unconscious, emotions of shame. The hidden and diffuse character of shame leads to both direct and indirect self-harm. Patterns of repetition with self-devaluation and experiences of exclusion hinder the possibilities of the person to build interpersonal relationships thatmay contribute to development of the self. The retrospective and prospective effects of bullying are elucidated empirically and theoretically, and the concepts of complexity, trauma, Nachträglichkeit, repetition and intersubjectivity play a core role. The paper also points out how hindrances of verbalization – in families, among friendsand in therapy – may contribute further to self-harming behavior.
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J. Marshall, Peter, Joni N. Saby y Andrew N. Meltzoff. "Imitation and the developing social brain: infants’ somatotopic EEG patterns for acts of self and other". International Journal of Psychological Research 6 (30 de octubre de 2013): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.714.
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A leading question in developmental social-cognitive neuroscience concerns the nature and function of neural links between action perception and production in early human development. Here we document a somatotopic pattern of activity of the sensorimotor EEG mu rhythm in 14-month-old infants. EEG was recorded during interactive trials in which infants activated a novel object using their own hands or feet (“execution” trials) and watched an experimenter use her hands or feet to achieve the same goal (“observation” trials). At central electrodes overlying sensorimotor hand areas (C3/C4), mu rhythm power was reduced (indicating greater cortical activation) during infants’ execution of hand acts compared to foot acts. For the central electrode overlying the sensorimotor foot area (Cz), mu power was reduced during the execution of foot versus hand acts. Strikingly similar somatotopic patterns were found in both the action execution and observation conditions. We hypothesize that these somatotopic patterns index an intercorporeal mapping of corresponding body parts between self and other. We further propose that infants’ ability to identify self-other equivalences at the level of body parts underlies infant imitation and is an ontogenetic building block for the feelings of intersubjectivity we experience when socially engaged with other people.
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Barsuglia, Joseph P., Frances R. Nedjat-Haiem, Jill S. Shapira, Christina Velasco, Elvira E. Jimenez, Michelle J. Mather y Mario F. Mendez. "Observational themes of social behavioral disturbances in frontotemporal dementia". International Psychogeriatrics 26, n.º 9 (20 de mayo de 2014): 1475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021400091x.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Caregivers report early disturbances in social behavior among patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD); however, there are few direct observational studies of these social behavioral disturbances. This study aimed to identify social behavioral themes in bvFTD by direct observation in naturalistic interactions. The identification of these themes can help caregivers and clinicians manage the social behavioral disturbances of this disease.Methods:Researchers observed 13 bvFTD patients in their homes and community-based settings and recorded field notes on their interpersonal interactions. A qualitative analysis of their social behavior was then conducted using ATLAS.ti application and a constant comparison method.Results:Qualitative analysis revealed the following themes: (1) diminished relational interest and initiation, indicating failure to seek social interactions; (2) lack of social synchrony/intersubjectivity, indicating an inability to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships; and (3) poor awareness and adherence to social boundaries and norms. These themes corresponded with changes from caregiver reports and behavioral scales.Conclusion:This analysis indicates that real-world observation validates the diagnostic criteria for bvFTD and increases understanding of social behavioral disturbances in this disorder. The results of this and future observational studies can highlight key areas for clinical assessment, caregiver education, and targeted interventions that enhance the management of social behavioral disturbances in bvFTD.
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Kennedy, Hilary, Miriam Landor y Liz Todd. "Video Interaction Guidance as a method to promote secure attachment". Educational and Child Psychology 27, n.º 3 (2010): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2010.27.3.59.
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This paper discusses Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) as a highly effective intervention to help develop secure attachment between parents and young children. What is important in bringing about change is shown to be a focus not on the behaviours of child or infant by themselves, or on the parent’s internal understanding or representation of attachment, but rather on the interactional relationship between them. Theoretical ideas underlying both VIG and attachment theory are drawn upon to explain this. Research evidence relating to interventions that focus on concerns of attachment, that are relationship-based, or that focus on parent sensitivity or video feedback, and those looking at the effectiveness of VIG itself, are discussed. A tentative conclusion is drawn from a pilot study that VIG has been successful in increasing maternal sensitivity as measured by the CARE-Index when compared with a control group (Robertson & Kennedy, 2009). It is proposed that VIG is a sensitivity-focused intervention where the underlying theory of ‘intersubjectivity’ permeates the method at every level, from the selection of clips of attuned interaction, and the therapeutic learning process in the shared review, to the supervision of guiders delivering the intervention.‘Considered developmentally, the field of interventions to enhance early attachments might be viewed as adolescent.’(Berlin, 2007, p.25)
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Schneiderman, Leo. "Virginia Woolf: Twentieth Century Psychology and Modern Fiction". Imagination, Cognition and Personality 22, n.º 2 (octubre de 2002): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/njx9-vj0y-drrg-47l8.
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The present study attempts to trace parallel developments between early twentieth century psychology and the evolution of modern fiction. I have chosen the work of Virginia Woolf to illustrate the emergence of an emphasis in modern fiction on depicting the contents of consciousness. This focus on sensibility and intersubjectivity goes well beyond the limitations imposed by the realistic novel, with its concern for larger contextual factors such as social structure and historical change. Woolf and other modernists such as Proust, Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, Kafka, Faulkner, and Beckett directed their attention to capturing the “stream of consciousness” at the same time that Titchener and the structuralists, Wertheimer and the Gestaltists, and Freud and his followers began to use introspective methods. These movements differed profoundly from Watson's behaviorism because of their embrace of radical subjectivity, but shared with behaviorism a tendency to view behavior in a cultural vacuum. It is my thesis that these tendencies, though not necessarily linked causally, reflect a broad current in modern art and contemporary psychology that has endeavored to view the individual in light of the “immediate data of consciousness” and in terms of “culture-free” universals. I try to provide an explanation for these phenomena by pointing to well-known social changes associated with the breakdown of tradition and the consequent weakening of the person's sense of being situated in a special place or rooted in a familiar tradition.
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Johanne Ness, Ingunn y Gunn Elisabeth Søreide. "The Room of Opportunity: understanding phases of creative knowledge processes in innovation". Journal of Workplace Learning 26, n.º 8 (7 de octubre de 2014): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-10-2013-0077.
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Purpose – The aim of this article is to investigate the creative knowledge processes which are often invisible in innovation work. Design/methodology/approach – An ethnographic field study was conducted following three multidisciplinary groups; two groups in an Oil and Gas Company, Statoil and one group in a Research Institute. Data collection included observations, field conversations and formal interviews. Findings – Creative knowledge processes develop over time in six different phases of initial innovation work. The article discusses the characteristics of communication and knowledge work in these phases. It was concluded that the creative processes peak in the three middle phases, and these phases can be seen as a separate “Room of Opportunity”. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited to three groups, but the pattern of phases is consistent across all groups studied. Practical implications – This study shows that knowledge diversity in groups does not automatically lead to creativity and underscore that group members’ ability to learn from each other is crucial for the quality of new ideas. To develop innovative ideas, groups must ensure a knowledge platform and challenge present knowledge by balancing alterity and intersubjectivity in a circular movement. Originality/value – The findings presented in a model “Room of Opportunity” show that creative knowledge processes develop in phases and peak in a separate room. This is a new way to understand early innovation work, and the model is a contribution to how such invisible processes can be visualized and facilitated.
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Istiqomah, Nurul, Hapidin y Elindra Yetti. "Roll Book Media Roll Book for Early Physical Science". JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 15, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.152.08.
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Studying physical science and then teaching it to children, as is known from decades of science education research, creates a huge problem of unknown origin. This study aims to develop a media and determine its effectiveness in increasing knowledge of physics for children. This research is a research and development with the stages of the ADDIE model to develop Roll Book media with the roll technique containing physical science material for early childhood. Data collection techniques were carried out through expert validation tests and field trial data. Analysis of effectiveness test data using a paired sample T-test statistical test. The results of the media effectiveness test showed an increase in knowledge of physics in the pre-test and pots-test. The summary of all the test results of the developed media shows that Roll Book products are effectively used to increase children's knowledge of physics. The concept of storybook media that has been developed in various interesting forms is expected to be an alternative solution for the scientific development of early childhood education studies.
Keywords: Early childhood, Physical science, Roll book
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Federici, Annalisa. "Beastly Modernisms: The Question of Animal Speech and Psychology in James Joyce and Virginia Woolf". Altre Modernità, n.º 26 (29 de noviembre de 2021): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2035-7680/16799.
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This essay analyses the ways in which James Joyce and Virginia Woolf addressed from a very early stage key issues related to contemporary posthumanist theories such as the question of animal speech and psychology. Both Joyce’s description of human-animal encounters in Ulysses and Woolf’s depiction of a sentient animal subject in Flush: A Biography at first present, and then subvert, the idea of the use of language as evidence of a human surpassing of the animal. By challenging preconceived notions of species distinctions, these authors ultimately decenter the human to focus instead on the centrality of animal subjectivity and sensory experience. While the question of a sharp divide between human and nonhuman animals along the axis of speech can be traceable to the anthropocentric tradition of western humanism and not least to such a possible source as Cervantes (whose novella “The Dialogue of the Dogs” is listed as part of both Joyce’s Trieste library and the library of Leonard and Virginia Woolf), the idea of expanding the typically modernist focus on inner life by also including other forms of subjectivity may have derived from the coeval, burgeoning fields of zoology, ethology and comparative psychology. Drawing from these sources and popular areas of knowledge which formed part of the cultural climate of the time, both Joyce and Woolf explore cross-species intersubjectivity in ways that shift the terms of representation away from anthropocentric views in order to affirm, blur and deny the boundaries between the human and the non-human.
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Aston, Alexander. "How the Cycladic Islanders Found Their Marbles: Material Engagement, Social Cognition and the Emergence of Keros". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30, n.º 4 (18 de mayo de 2020): 587–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977432000013x.
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This paper utilizes Material Engagement Theory (MET), which examines material culture as a dynamic and integral component of human cognitive systems, in order to explore the relationship between Cycladic marble sculpting and the complex social organization evinced at the sites of Dhaskalio and Kavos on the island of Keros. The article shows how the development of Cycladic sculpting in conjunction with transforming settlement patterns suggests that the figurines emerged as part of a kinshipping dynamic. In this context, evidence from the cognitive sciences reveals how Cycladic figurines were profound attention-capturing technologies which shaped the development of intersubjectivity and collective activity. Cycladic marble provided a medium through which a semiotics of value could be generated, circulated and manipulated across the archipelago. The article argues that marble artefacts formed part of a distributed cognitive system which enabled the regional organization of long-range voyaging regimes centred on Dhaskalio-Kavos. The role of Cycladic sculpture in mediating maritime social interactions is clarified by examining the dynamics of social cognition and the organizational burdens of long-range voyaging culture. The relationship between marble, social interaction and longboat voyaging provides a strong explanation for the development and transformation of Keros as well as for broader chronological developments in the region. Cycladic sculpting traditions mediated the shifting burdens upon social cognition during the Early Bronze Age, facilitating the novel forms of social organization in the central Cyclades as a response to both the pressures and the opportunities of the Aegean world. Keros provides an exemplary case study of material culture's role in extending the boundaries of social cognition in ways that enable social complexity to emerge at new scales.
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Kurganskaya, Valentina D., Vladimir Yu Dunaev y Ayazhan Sagikyzy. "The phenomenon of identity in the social construction of virtual reality". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 38, n.º 4 (2022): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.404.
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This paper examines the interactions between the processes of social institution virtualization, information and communication practices; as well as the processes of construction of valuesemantic structures of individual and collective identities. Authors support the idea that determining how a person generates virtual reality and how virtual reality develops a person is the primary focus of phenomenological analysis and socio-philosophical research on identity transitions in current circumstances. The early phenomenological texts of M.M. Bakhtin serve as an illustration of the virtuality presented in intentional identity formations. Authors demonstrated that the interactive modeling of the I-for-myself relationship to the virtual presence of the other is where the noetic-noematic field of identity is generated. The sociology of knowledge is among the most promising approaches for locating intentional identity structures in people’s and social groupings’ daily lives. The social construction of reality is seen as an objective socio-historical process that shapes the reality of the intersubjective world according to its paradigm. We argue that changes in the semantic contexts of individual and social community identification are shown to be functionally related to the virtualization of the information and communication field of intersubjectivity. Social groups no longer serve as the fundamental building blocks of social existence in the modern world; instead, they do exist virtually now. Authors do follow Z.Bauman’s idea that virtual groups, which emerge haphazardly and then abruptly disintegrate into so-called communities (Z. Bauman), become modeling systems of identity. The final statement of paper is that the emergence of the Internet acted as a catalyst for the explosive acceleration, and eventually as a primary method of global deployment, of the processes of formation of new types of identity, new models, and strategies for its construction through risky experiments and unrestrained play with various versions of one’s own identity.
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Moura, Gabriella Garcia, Gisele Mathias de Souza y Kátia De Souza Amorim. "Infants’ peer interaction in institutional foster care service". Journal of Human Growth and Development 30, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2020): 09–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.9975.
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Introduction: Based on the perspective of children’s intersubjectivity, it is understood that infants are able to interact with infants from a very early age. These interactions can offer important constitutive experiences for them.
Objective: It was investigated how interactions between infants-infants/toddlers in institutional care occur, describing: the frequency of these interactions; the emotional-communicative resources involved; partners’ responsiveness; and the environmental organization.
Methods: A qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory case study was conducted. Participants were focal baby (aged between 10 and 13 months) and their interactive peers (4 to 17 months) in institutional care. We used weekly video recordings for three months in the naturalistic context. The categories “attention orientation”, “search/maintenance of proximity”, “social exchanges”, and “responsiveness” were quantified and compared with the interaction between infant and caregiver. Interactive episodes were also thoroughly described.
Results: Cribs, strollers, gates, and grids, with few toys available, marked the organization of the physical-social space. It was observed that the infants spent most of their time in individual activities (alone); and their social behaviors were more often directed to caregivers.
The interactions between infants/toddlers were less frequent, although it was with the peers that social exchanges, joint activities, and co-regulated interactions occurred the most (with reciprocity and sharing). Peer responsiveness also involved empathic and pro-social behaviors (with experiences of interpersonal engagement), where attentional, emotional, and motivational processes operated.
Conclusion: Peers interactions between infants/toddlers in institutional care were infrequent. However, when it occurred, the children showed sensitivity and responsiveness to their peers' emotional-communicative expressions. The organization of the institutional environment proved to be a relevant constraint of peer interactions: due to the material/spatial arrangement that made contact between children difficult; and by the absence of the adult as a promoter of these interactions. Finally, we call attention to the need for further investigations about interactive indicators of infants in institutional care.
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Hankovszky, Tamás. "»Die durch das Bild angegebene Regel«. Die Ersetzung des Schemas durch das Symbol in der Sprachphilosophie der Reden an die deutsche Nation". Fichte-Studien 48 (2020): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/fichte2020488.
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According to the early Fichte, designation of mental concepts and highly abstract concepts happens by means of ‘schemata’. Through an unconscious mechanism, we transfer the name of a sensible thing into a supersensible object. Fichte looked upon this process as a source of mistakes. In Addresses to the German Nation, he changes his conception and puts symbols or actual images in the place of schemata. These images don’t unify sensible and supersensible notions as schemata do, rather they draw an analogy between these notions. This analogy guides the subject in creating a notion. The word initiates and inspires the process for creating a notion. Furthermore, the word shows through the image, in what way we should set in motion our capacity of representation. So the word does not offer abstract rules for the reason but gives an image which contains the rules of procedure.From my point of view, Fichte modified his theory of language not only to deal with problems immanent to the philosophy of language. He aimed to construct a philosophy of language which was much more consistent with the view of the human being and the conception of intersubjectivity according to the Wissenschaftslehre. The modified philosophy of language proves more convincingly that basically when we understand speeches of others we neither apprehend perfect meanings nor receives ideas of others more or less passively but we re-create or re-produce thoughts of the speakers.Nach dem frühen Fichte bezeichnet die Sprache die „geistigen“ und die „sehr abstrakten“ Begriffe mit Hilfe von Schemata. Ein unbewusster Mechanismus überträgt den Namen sinnlicher Gegenstände auf übersinnliche. In diesem Verfahren sah Fichte eine Quelle von Fehlern. Die Reden modifizieren diese Theorie so, dass die Schemata durch Symbole bzw. Bilder ersetzt werden. Sie vereinigen nicht wie die Schemata sinnliche und übersinnliche Vorstellungen, sondern stellen eine Analogie zwischen ihnen her. Diese Analogie weist darauf hin, welche Vorstellung ein Subjekt bilden muss. Das Wort gibt einen Anlass und eine Anleitung zur Vorstellungsbildung und die von ihm bereitgestellte Information zeigt zugleich, wie wir unser Vorstellungsvermögen in Bewegung setzen müssen. Es teilt dabei keine abstrakten Regeln mit, sondern bietet in einem Bild Anweisung für das Gemüt. Nach meiner These änderte Fichte seine Sprachlehre nicht nur, um ein immanentes sprachphilosophisches Problem lösen zu können. Sein Ziel war es wohl auch, eine Sprachphilosophie zu schaffen, die besser dem Menschenbild der Wissenschaftslehre und ihrer Intersubjektivitätslehre entspricht, als die frühere. Die revidierte Sprachphilosophie kann überzeugender belegen, dass wir beim Verstehen der Sprache anderer Menschen nicht ausgemachte Bedeutungseinheiten begreifen und nicht Gedanken von außen aufnehmen, sondern diejenigen Gedanken re-produzieren und re-konstruieren, die auch der Redner gedacht und ausgesprochen hat.
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Charskykh, Ihor. "Incorporated by the Mainstream: Constructivism in the Theory of International Relations". Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, n.º 11 (14 de diciembre de 2022): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2022.11.57-76.
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he article contains a critical surveying of social constructivism in the theory of international relations with the aim of clarifying the essence, peculiarities and contradictions of the constructivist approach to the analysis of world politics, to find out how social constructivism copes with the main functions of social science theory, to evaluate the productivity and further prospects of the sociologization of theorizing in the science of international relations. It is substantiated that the popularity of social constructivism in Western political science at the beginning of the 21st century is not so much related to the convinced reinterpretation of the dominant theoretical doctrines by its representatives, as to the sharp changes in world politics after the end of the Cold War, which were not predicted and convincingly explained by mainstream paradigms. The main concepts used by social constructivism are considered. Accor-ding to constructivists, the way to understanding changes, actions and behavior of actors in the international arena lies through understanding the intersubjectivity of key elements of global politics, as well as state identities and social norms, the combination of which forms interests. The main contribution of constructivism to international analysis is the theorizing around the structure–agency dichotomy, which leads to the conclusion that international anarchy is not inevitable or immutable. The practical development of the military-political doctrines of the leading actors of global politics takes into account those aspects of international relations that social constructivism is concerned with. In particular, traditional strategic deterrence is tried to reducing a competitor’s perception of the benefits of aggression relative to restraint, as well as to forming the opponent’s proper perception of the combat reliability of the actor and partners; their perceptions of their own ability to control the risk of escalation. Having managed to assert itself, social constructivism, for the sake of re-cognition among researchers and practitioners of international relations, was forced to somewhat moderate its original ontological radicalism. It is emphasized that after abandoning its own epistemology, the set of basic theses of canonical constructivism lacks originality, and it usually fails as a basis for an empirical research program. Concrete examples show that the conclusions of constructivists, as a rule, confirm or duplicate the conclusions of representatives of other paradigms, mostly (neo)liberalistic by origin. This refers to state-centrism, the conceptualization of international reality not as a system, but as a society, the analogy of state behavior with the behavior of an individual, making common cause in fact with soft power concept etc. Social constructivism with an emphasis on the sociologization of analysis has considerable heuristic potential, which the initiators of the renewal of constructivism hope for, but it is too early to talk about constructivism as an independent theory and one of the three main pillars of the science of international relations.
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Kalmring, Sven. "Urbanity by its ‘smallest units’. Comments on ‘performing towns’". Archaeological Dialogues 22, n.º 2 (2 de noviembre de 2015): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203815000185.
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Any reader expecting yet another contribution on the urbanization of Scandinavia will be misguided reading Axel Christophersen's contribution on ‘performing towns’. As the author makes very clear, he focuses onurbanityin the sense ofurban social practicerather than onurbanizationitself. The latter concept is straightforwardly dismissed as belonging to processual archaeology, and was trying to understand the town as abeingstructure and neglecting the dynamic role of its individual inhabitants as a ‘crucial historical driving force’ (p. 110). Christophersen also omits the classic discussion – actually besides Christianization one of the two most prominent topics in early medieval archaeology – on the designation and character of the earliest towns in the north, where early towns are merely defined as population centres ‘larger than a village and smaller than a city’ (p. 112). Instead, with the adoption ofpractice theory, Christophersen picks one heuristic approach from modern social theory (mentalism (subjectivistic/objectivistic), intersubjectivism, textualism and practice theory itself) for the analysis of social phenomena as routinized body/knowledge/things complexes (Reckwitz 2002, 257–58).
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Hoolachan, Jennifer y Kim McKee. "Inter-generational housing inequalities: ‘Baby Boomers’ versus the ‘Millennials’". Urban Studies 56, n.º 1 (3 de julio de 2018): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018775363.
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In contrast to the post-war period, the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the UK have been characterised by the advancement of neoliberal policies including privatisation of the housing system and employment casualisation. Consequently, there are growing socioeconomic inequalities between those born in the post-war period – the ‘Baby Boomers’ – and the younger generation – the ‘Millennials’. Such inequalities have led to narratives of inter-generational conflict with Baby Boomers framed as jeopardising the futures of Millennials. Drawing on Mannheim’s theory of social generations, the concept of generational habitus and qualitative data from 49 Baby Boomers and 62 Millennials, we unpack the ways in which inter-generational inequalities are intersubjectively understood and discussed. Our data indicate that while young people are aware of inter-generational inequalities, they do not feel resentful towards their parents’ generation for profiting at their expense. Instead, many blame the government for not representing their interests. Thus, narratives of inter-generational conflict misleadingly direct blame towards the agency of Baby Boomers rather than political structures.
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Barevičiūtė, Jovilė. "Editorial. Dialogue, Communication and Collaboration: Aspects of Philosophy and Communication". Coactivity: Philosophy, Communication 24, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cpc.2016.246.
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Acting as a usual means of everyday communication and collaboration, dialogue is also a fundamental mode of human presence in the world. It is innate and, therefore, feels organic to people. Nothing but a dialogue determines and defines the inborn human potential of reflexivity, empathy and communitivity. Naturally, it is hardly surprising that as a phenomenon, a dialogue constantly fell within the purview of most prominent European thinkers and throughout different historical epochs, in the spaces of philosophy and communication, it unfolded in a diverse and multidimensional manner. Ancient Greek philosopher Plato wrote in the form of dialogue, this way opening the possibility to a reader to learn about the world and the order of things as well as defining a certain relationship between the perceiving subject and the perceivable object. In the early Middle Ages, writings of Saint Augustine encouraged people to immerse into themselves and start a conversation with God, which established a certain living relationship between spaces empirical and transcendental. Much later, towards the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, German phenomenologist Edmund Husserl, who developed the theory of the intentionality of the consciousness, perceived that no living relationship between people is feasible without intersubjectivity. In this case, the communication is conditioned on the focus of at least two subjects on a certain object. This object, in particular, ensures the potential of the meaning, content and the purpose of communication. Another German author Martin Buber treated the dialogue as a phenomenon, in which an individual establishes a personal relationship with the Christian God, and this gives rise to a certain immediacy: a confrontation with the Ruler of the Kingdom of Heaven gives meaning to all the other interpersonal relationships. These are but few different philosophical interpretations of dialogue as a phenomenon. The universe of issues related to dialogue emerges from thinking perspectives of philosophers as well as communication theorists. On the one hand, the perspective of communication trivializes the phenomenon of dialogue, depriving it of its depth and profoundness; and on the other hand, it defines and specifies the concept of dialogue, assigning to it a form or function. This issue of the journal is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of dialogue both in the fields of philosophy and communication, inquiring into different contexts of its development. In her article Communication Solutions by Improving Interactive Art Projects, Gintarė Vainalavičiūtė analyses the relationship between visual arts and contemporary technologies, which determines both the rise of the forms of dialogue and non-traditional understanding of works of art. Mindaugas Stoškus contributed an article entitled Disciplines of Political Philosophy and Political Science: Antagonism, Cooperation or Indifference? in which he investigates the relationship between these two disciplines, conditions and problems pertaining to their dialogue, and the particularly intensified dynamics of the dialogue in the fifties of the 20th century. In their article Online Artistic Activism: Case-Study of Hungarian-Romanian Intercultural Communication, Gizela Horváth and Rozália Klára Bakó delve into the interactive relationship between works of art and their perceiver, as these works of art send messages via the social media environment. Moral Perception, Cognition, and Dialogue is an article authored by Vojko Strahovnik, in which he examines the causes for the rise of cases that hinder intercommunication and mutual understanding, such as disagreement, intercultural dialogues, etc. Problems of visual communication and the specificity of visual languages, bringing together subjects into dialogue are discussed by Arto Mutanen in his article Relativity of Visual Communication. Another article entitled Scientific Realism versus Antirealism in Science Education is a contribution by Seungbae Park, in which he attempts to define how the dialogue between teachers and students is possible, as he takes the position stating that the doctrine of scientific realism is much more effective than provided opportunities of scientific antirealism. And finally, Algis Mickūnas, in his article The Different Other and Dialogue, discusses the reasons why members of different communities find it difficult to establish dialogue-based relationships and why in some cases they remain imprisoned in the state of a monologue. This issue of the journal presents a truly wide field of investigations into opportunities and obstacles for communication, interaction and collaboration. It is pleasing to see that representatives of various humanities and social sciences joined the same dialogue. Looking forward to the productive insights in the future, the Editor would like to express her gratitude to the authors of this issue.