Tesis sobre el tema "Dynastic Networks"

L'objectif de cette thèse de doctorat est d'étudier la qualité et l'évolution des relations entre le duc de Ferrare, Alphonse II d'Este, et la couronne de France, à partir du rétablissement de la paix en 1559 entre les Valois et les Habsbourg avec le traité de Cateau-Cambrésis (2-3 avril 1559) et au cours des vingt années suivantes, jusqu’en 1580. Cependant il ne s'agit pas d'une analyse visant à approfondir les relations entre le pouvoir ducal de Ferrare et la monarchie française d'un point de vue strictement diplomatique. J'ai plutôt préféré étudier les liens entre le duc de Ferrare et le royaume des Valois à travers le réseau familial dont le premier disposait de l'autre côté des Alpes, grâce à l'alliance matrimoniale signée entre les Este et les Guise en 1548, et qui en 1559 existait encore et fonctionnait pleinement. À partir du cadre européen issu du traité de Cateau-Cambrésis, nous voudrions éclairer les espoirs, le niveau d'autonomie, les oscillations et les modes d'action que la maison d'Este a mis en œuvre face à la prépondérance espagnole par ses liens avec le Royaume de France. À une approche à l'échelle internationale, nous joignons l'étude des effets sur le système d'équilibre et de la concurrence entre les Cours italiennes à travers le fil rouge de la querelle pour la préséance entre Este et Médicis. À travers les relations des Este avec la Couronne de France, nous essayons d'analyser non seulement la relation entre ces deux entités et le pouvoir contractuel réel du duc de Ferrare, mais aussi les équilibres et les influences d'autres dynasties italienne, telles que les Savoie et les Médicis, dans le même contexte. Cela se reflète également dans les sources qui constituent le cadre documentaire de ma thèse, c'est à dire les correspondances des agents des Este dans le royaume de France en premier lieu, qui ont été croisée avec celle des envoyés des Savoie et des Médicis, et des ambassadeurs de la République de Venise et des nonces apostoliques, et avec les correspondances familiales. Enfin, il s'agit de déterminer le pouvoir de négociation et les marges d'initiative de la ligné des Este, maison ducale à la tête d'un État italiens indépendants mais liés par des liens féodaux à l'Empire et à la Papauté, face à la tutelle indirecte de l'Espagne et au désordre géopolitique produit par les Guerres de Religion françaises
The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the quality and evolution of the relations between the Duke of Ferrara, Alfonso II d'Este, and the French crown, from the restoration of peace in 1559 between the Valois and the Habsburgs with the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (2-3 April 1559) and during the following twenty years, until 1580. However, this is not an analysis aimed at deepening the relations between the ducal power of Ferrara and the French monarchy from a strictly diplomatic point of view. I have preferred to study the links between the Duke of Ferrara and the Valois kingdom through the family network that the former had on the other side of the Alps, thanks to the matrimonial alliance signed between the Este and the Guise in 1548, and which in 1559 still existed and was fully functional. From the European framework of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, we would like to shed light on the hopes, the level of autonomy, the oscillations, and the modes of action that the House of Este implemented in the face of Spanish preponderance through its links with the Kingdom of France. In addition to an international approach, we study the effects on the system of equilibrium and competition between the Italian courts through the red thread of the dispute for precedence between Este and Medici. Through the relations of the Este with the French Crown, we try to analyse not only the relationship between these two entities and the real contractual power of the Duke of Ferrara, but also the balances and influences of other Italian dynasties, such as the Savoy and the Medici, in the same context. This is also reflected in the sources that constitute the documentary framework of my thesis, i.e. the correspondence of the Este agents in the kingdom of France in the first place, which has been cross-referenced with that of the Savoy and Medici envoys, and of the ambassadors of the Republic of Venice and the apostolic nuncios, as well as with the family correspondences. Finally, it is a question of determining the negotiating power and the margins of initiative of the Este lineage, a ducal house at the head of an independent Italian state but linked by feudal ties to the Empire and the Papacy, in the face of the indirect tutelage of Spain and the geopolitical disorder produced by the French Wars of Religion
L’obiettivo di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di studiare la qualità e l’evoluzione delle relazioni che intercorsero tra il duca di Ferrara, Alfonso II d’Este, e la corona di Francia a partire dal ripristino della pace tra Valois e Asburgo con il trattato di Cateau-Cambrésis (2-3 aprile 1559) e nel corso dei vent’anni successivi, fino al 1580. Non si tratta, però, di un’analisi mirante ad approfondire le relazioni tra il ducato di Ferrara e la monarchia francese da un punto di vista strettamente diplomatico. Ho preferito, piuttosto, studiare i legami intercorrenti tra il duca di Ferrara e il regno dei Valois attraverso la rete familiare di cui il primo poteva disporre Oltralpe, grazie all’alleanza matrimoniale stretta tra gli Este e i Guise nel 1548, e che nel 1559 non solo esisteva ancora, ma era pienamente operativa. A partire dal quadro europeo sancito dal trattato di Cateau-Cambrésis, si sono tentante di chiarire le aspirazioni, il livello di autonomia, le oscillazioni e le modalità d’azione che caratterizzarono l’operato della casata degli Este alla luce dei suoi legami con il regno di Francia e dinanzi all’avanzare della preponderanza spagnola. A un approccio su scala internazionale, è stato incrociato uno studio degli effetti sul sistema di equilibrio e competizione esistente tra le corti principesche della penisola italiana, di cui la disputa per la precedenza tra Este e Medici, consumatasi anche alla corte dei Valois, fu uno dei più vividi esempi. Attraverso le relazioni degli Este con la corona di Francia, si è analizzata non solo le connessioni tra queste due entità e la consistenza del potere contrattuale reale del duca di Ferrara, ma anche gli equilibri e le influenze di altre dinastie italiane, come i Savoia e i Medici, nel medesimo conteso. Questo approccio si riflette anche sul corpus documentario su cui si è costruita la tesi, formato prevalentemente dalle corrispondenze degli agenti estensi nel regno di Francia, che sono state incrociate non solo con quelle degli ambasciatori sabaudi, medicei, veneziani e dei nunzi apostolici, ma anche con i carteggi familiari di origine estense e guisarda. Infine, si è trattato di determinare il potere di negoziazione e i margini di iniziativa della casata degli Este, lignaggio alla testa di uno Stato italiano indipendente ma legato da vincoli feudali tanto all’Impero quanto al Papato, dinanzi alla tutela indiretta esercitata dal regno di Spagna sulla penisola italiana e al disordine geopolitico prodotto dalle guerre di religione in Francia

This project examines the multiple trade networks of the early Qing period and argues that the early Manchu rulers accumulated wealth from trade in the process of Qing empire formation. Empires come to mean rule over extensive, far-flung territories, far beyond the original 'homeland' of the rulers. The Qing empire was such a case, as it expanded from a tiny town in Northeast Eurasia to Chinese territory where Ming China ruled. This thesis thus sheds new light on the Qing empire from the economic aspect - describing how the Qing rulers, based on the fusion of steppe and agricultural economies, constructed the Qing empire. The time frame covered spans from 1583, when Nurhaci started to embark on internal conflicts with other local Jurchen tribes, to 1644, when the Manchus seized control of Beijing, claiming rulership of China. The thesis builds on the archival sources in Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese, and Korean, as well as contributing to the understanding of the remarkable economic transformation over the course of the Qing empire. Previous academic scholarship in Chinese, Japanese, and English focuses on the bilateral trade connections between Nurhaci and Ming China. The primary aim of this thesis, however, is to counter this scholarship by differentiating between the achievements of Hong Taiji and those of Nurhaci over the course of the early Qing empire building. Additionally, it explores wealth accumulation via the establishment of multiple trade networks that developed during Hong Taiji's reign. These multiple trade networks were centred on two prized goods sourced from the Jurchen territory: wild ginseng and sable fur. These valuable items were crucial sources of income for the Qing.

L’objet de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière la politique dynastique des Wittelsbach dans le premier tiers du XIXe siècle. L’étude part de l’hypothèse qu’il s’agit là d’une politique savamment orchestrée qui, le plus souvent, fut couronnée de succès. De plus, ce travail dégage le concept d’ensemble de cette politique en démontrant qu’elle repose sur les trois piliers de « pouvoir », « parenté » et « amour ». Après avoir présenté les acteurs principaux dans le contexte de leur réseau familial (qui servit de moyen de consolidation de pouvoir), l’étude se penche sur le rôle éminent de l’éducation dispensée aux enfants princiers. Sont ensuite examinées les négociations menées pour marier ces princes et princesses le plus avantageusement possible : ici, l’étude démontre que les idées nouvelles (postulant la primauté du mariage d’inclination sur le mariage de raison) n’ont été prônées que pour voiler le calcul politique. Finalement, l’examen des conséquences de la politique dynastique révèle une grande homogénéité entre les principes transmis par les parents et l’action des enfants
This thesis analyses the dynastic politics of the House of Wittelsbach in the first third of the 19th century. The study assumes that these politics were well orchestrated and most often successful. Furthermore, the thesis aims at showing that the global concept of these politics was based on the three pillars “power”, “kinship” and “love”. After presenting the main actors in the context of their family network (which served as a medium of consolidating power), the study examines the key role played by the education of the royal children. The thesis then explores the negotiations led in order to marry the princes and princesses to the highest advantage: here it is shown that the new ideas (postulating the primacy of the marriage for love over the marriage of convenience) were only used in order to veil political calculation. Finally, the focus is put on the consequences of these dynastic politics: it is revealed that a great degree of congruence exists between the parents’ principles and the children’s actions

The aim of this PhD thesis is to investigate the political role of Adelheid of Burgundy in tenth-century Europe. Adelheid was certainly one of the central figures of the Ottonian dynasty during her years as empress and during her widowhood. The systematic study of the diplomas in which she acted as mediator alongside Otto I, Otto II and Otto III was an attempt to understand the basis of her political relevance. The result of the diplomatic research was analyzed through the method of social network analysis, which offered a new and global point of view on the issue and allowed to better focus on the various actors that composed the network of relationships of Adelheid during her life.

The aim of this PhD thesis is to investigate the political role of Adelheid of Burgundy in tenth-century Europe. Adelheid was certainly one of the central figures of the Ottonian dynasty during her years as empress and during her widowhood. The systematic study of the diplomas in which she acted as mediator alongside Otto I, Otto II and Otto III was an attempt to understand the basis of her political relevance. The result of the diplomatic research was analyzed through the method of social network analysis, which offered a new and global point of view on the issue and allowed to better focus on the various actors that composed the network of relationships of Adelheid during her life.
Lo scopo della presente tesi di dottorato è l’analisi del ruolo politico di Adelaide di Borgogna nell’Europa del secolo X. Adelaide fu certamente una figura di spicco all’interno della dinastia ottoniana sia in qualità di imperatrice al fianco di Ottone I sia negli anni della vedovanza. Lo studio sistematico dei diplomi in cui la sovrana venne indicata come mediatrice presso il marito, il figlio e il nipote ha rappresentato il punto di partenza per indagare le basi e le motivazioni della sua rilevanza politica. In particolare, il risultato della ricerca diplomatica è stato esaminato attraverso la metodologia della social network analysis che ha offerto un punto di vista nuovo e globale sulla questione e ha permesso di individuare più chiaramente i vari attori che composero la rete di relazioni dell’imperatrice nell’intero corso della sua vita.

The aim of this PhD thesis is to investigate the political role of Adelheid of Burgundy in tenth-century Europe. Adelheid was certainly one of the central figures of the Ottonian dynasty during her years as empress and during her widowhood. The systematic study of the diplomas in which she acted as mediator alongside Otto I, Otto II and Otto III was an attempt to understand the basis of her political relevance. The result of the diplomatic research was analyzed through the method of social network analysis, which offered a new and global point of view on the issue and allowed to better focus on the various actors that composed the network of relationships of Adelheid during her life.
Lo scopo della presente tesi di dottorato è l’analisi del ruolo politico di Adelaide di Borgogna nell’Europa del secolo X. Adelaide fu certamente una figura di spicco all’interno della dinastia ottoniana sia in qualità di imperatrice al fianco di Ottone I sia negli anni della vedovanza. Lo studio sistematico dei diplomi in cui la sovrana venne indicata come mediatrice presso il marito, il figlio e il nipote ha rappresentato il punto di partenza per indagare le basi e le motivazioni della sua rilevanza politica. In particolare, il risultato della ricerca diplomatica è stato esaminato attraverso la metodologia della social network analysis che ha offerto un punto di vista nuovo e globale sulla questione e ha permesso di individuare più chiaramente i vari attori che composero la rete di relazioni dell’imperatrice nell’intero corso della sua vita.

La présente thèse vise à déterminer les ressorts de l’ascension sociale des Cibiel, entre 1754 et 1914, organisée durant quatre générations sur un mode collectif, au cours de laquelle ils passent du colportage local entre montagne du Cantal et plaines, au négoce et à la finance au niveau national puis international : ils édifient, à partir du textile et du Sud-ouest, un empire financier et industriel dans tous les domaines de la Révolution industrielle – transports, secteur minier et métallurgique et dérivés, modernisation urbaine – complété par un patrimoine foncier de premier ordre. L’analyse de cette mutation progressive permet de comprendre quelles sont les stratégies et les logiques mises en œuvre par les différents « acteurs » de la famille, mettant en synergie jeux communs et jeux individuels pour conquérir un pouvoir économique et sociopolitique majeur au sein des réseaux d’élites, à partir d’un réseau familial insolite implanté dans une logique de comptoirs à l’image de celui des Rothschild. La mobilisation de la méthodologie d’analyse des réseaux et de la sociologie des organisations, notamment la théorie de « l’acteur stratégique » de Michel Crozier et Erhard Friedberg, pour étudier la dynamique des Cibiel, permet de mesurer à quelles conditions « l’union fait la force ». Alors que la succession d’un « acteur-clé » aux trois premières générations joue un rôle moteur pour le collectif familial, la rupture introduite par une « stratégie d’affrontement » intrafamiliale à la dernière génération marque la fin de la « bonne fortune » prodigieuse de la famille Cibiel et de sa success story singulière
The present thesis aims at determining the origins and forces of the social climbing of the French family Cibiel, between 1754 and 1914, through four generations. Within these 160 years, the family rose from local peddling to international trade and finance. Starting from textile trading in the Southwest of France, the Cibiels gradually built a financial and industrial empire which stretched over all the fields impacted by the Industrial Revolution — transports, mining, metallurgy, urban modernizing —, and accumulated a considerable estate. The analysis of this gradual transformation enables the understanding of the strategies and logics implemented by the various "players" of the family. They forged synergistic common games and individual games to conquer a major economic and socio-political power within elite networks. Their social climbing hinges on an unusual family network, that developed itself through a counters approach, similar to the Rothschilds network. The network analysis and the sociology of organizations methodologies have been used, particularly the "strategic player" theory of Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg, to study the Cibiels’ dynamics. They support the assessment of what makes unity a strength. The emergence of a "key player" at each of the first three generations plays a leading role in the family collective. With the break introduced by an intrafamilial "confrontational strategy" at the last generation came the end of the prodigious "good fortune" of the Cibiel family and of its singular success story

Digne héritier de l’Empire romain d’Occident, l’Empire romain d’Orient plus communément appelé Empire byzantin est la scène de nombreux changements politiques et socio-économiques depuis sa création au IVème siècle. Parmi les acteurs de ces évolutions se trouvent les Comnènes, une famille issue de l’aristocratie dite militaire que rien ne prédestinait à occuper les hautes sphères de l’administration impériale de 1057 à 1204. En se basant prioritairement sur les sceaux regroupés sous la forme d’un catalogue, il s’agira de mettre en lumière l’histoire de la famille qui prend petit à petit la dimension d’un réseau basé sur une forte politique matrimoniale modifiée par les empereurs Comnènes jusqu’à atteindre son apogée au XIIe siècle. Organisé en trois partie le premier tome de cette étude peint un tableau exhaustif de la famille en extrayant des sources l’ensemble des informations se rapportant aux Comnènes et à leurs parents afin, dans un deuxième temps de mieux comprendre comment le mariage est utilisé pour étendre son attraction et son pouvoir sur le reste de la population byzantine et sur le reste du monde médiéval du XIIe siècle, enfin une étude du corpus iconographique propre au réseau des Comnènes sera étudié afin de montrer l’existence ou non d’une évolution des cultes sous l’action de cette famille. Ce travail repose sur un corpus de sceaux dédié aux Comnène qui compose le second tome
Worthy heir to the Roman Empire of Occident, the Roman Empire of the East more commonly called Byzantine Empire is the scene many political changes and socio-economic since his creation at the 4th century. Among the actors of these evolutions are Komnenian, a family resulting from the aristocracy known as military that nothing predestined to occupy the higher realms of the imperial administration of 1057 to 1204. By firstly basing on the seals gathered in form the shape of a catalogue, it will be a question of clarifying the history of the family which gradually size up a network thanks to a strong matrimonial policy which is modified by the Komnenian emperors until reaching her apogee at the 12th century. Organized into three part the first volume of this study paints an exhaustive painting of the family by extracting from the sources the whole of information referring to Komnenian and with their parents so, in the second time to better understand how the family uses the marriage to extend her attraction and her power on the rest of the Byzantine population and on the rest of the world medieval of the 12th century, finally a study of the iconographic corpus suitable for the network of Komnenian will be studied in order to show the existence or not evolution of the worships under the action of this family. This work is based on a corpus of seals dedicated to Komnenian who composed the second volume

La présente thèse vise à déterminer les ressorts de l’ascension sociale des Cibiel, entre 1754 et 1914, organisée durant quatre générations sur un mode collectif, au cours de laquelle ils passent du colportage local entre montagne du Cantal et plaines, au négoce et à la finance au niveau national puis international : ils édifient, à partir du textile et du Sud-ouest, un empire financier et industriel dans tous les domaines de la Révolution industrielle – transports, secteur minier et métallurgique et dérivés, modernisation urbaine – complété par un patrimoine foncier de premier ordre. L’analyse de cette mutation progressive permet de comprendre quelles sont les stratégies et les logiques mises en œuvre par les différents « acteurs » de la famille, mettant en synergie jeux communs et jeux individuels pour conquérir un pouvoir économique et sociopolitique majeur au sein des réseaux d’élites, à partir d’un réseau familial insolite implanté dans une logique de comptoirs à l’image de celui des Rothschild. La mobilisation de la méthodologie d’analyse des réseaux et de la sociologie des organisations, notamment la théorie de « l’acteur stratégique » de Michel Crozier et Erhard Friedberg, pour étudier la dynamique des Cibiel, permet de mesurer à quelles conditions « l’union fait la force ». Alors que la succession d’un « acteur-clé » aux trois premières générations joue un rôle moteur pour le collectif familial, la rupture introduite par une « stratégie d’affrontement » intrafamiliale à la dernière génération marque la fin de la « bonne fortune » prodigieuse de la famille Cibiel et de sa success story singulière
The present thesis aims at determining the origins and forces of the social climbing of the French family Cibiel, between 1754 and 1914, through four generations. Within these 160 years, the family rose from local peddling to international trade and finance. Starting from textile trading in the Southwest of France, the Cibiels gradually built a financial and industrial empire which stretched over all the fields impacted by the Industrial Revolution — transports, mining, metallurgy, urban modernizing —, and accumulated a considerable estate. The analysis of this gradual transformation enables the understanding of the strategies and logics implemented by the various "players" of the family. They forged synergistic common games and individual games to conquer a major economic and socio-political power within elite networks. Their social climbing hinges on an unusual family network, that developed itself through a counters approach, similar to the Rothschilds network. The network analysis and the sociology of organizations methodologies have been used, particularly the "strategic player" theory of Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg, to study the Cibiels’ dynamics. They support the assessment of what makes unity a strength. The emergence of a "key player" at each of the first three generations plays a leading role in the family collective. With the break introduced by an intrafamilial "confrontational strategy" at the last generation came the end of the prodigious "good fortune" of the Cibiel family and of its singular success story

L’objectif de ce travail était d’éclairer les modalités de construction de l’espace de relations qui a progressivement connecté al-Andalus et le Maghreb aux premiers siècles de l’Islam. Bien qu’il devienne visible sous le règne des Almoravides puis des Almohades (Ve/XIe-VIIe/XIIIe siècle), ce processus d’intégration de l’Occident musulman est en effet plus ancien : l’époque omeyyade (IIe/VIIIe-Ve/XIe siècle) en a été un moment majeur. En premier lieu, le IVe/Xe siècle a en effet été marqué par le développement, à l’initiative du califat de Cordoue, d’un territoire impérial qui s’étendait des Pyrénées jusqu’aux marges septentrionales du Sahara, dont la structure conférait un statut central au détroit de Gibraltar. Ensuite, les échanges commerciaux se sont notablement développés sur l’ensemble de la période, assurant la connexion des littoraux de l’ensemble de la Méditerranée occidentale, y compris de la rive chrétienne : l’analyse des marchandises échangées, de l’or du Soudan aux esclaves blancs, démontre cependant l’insertion de l’Occident musulman dans des ensembles économiques plus vastes. Enfin, les savants ont intensément circulé à l’intérieur de cet espace : leurs déplacements se sont organisés autour de deux axes principaux, entre al-Andalus et le nord du Maghreb occidental, mais aussi entre al-Andalus et l’Ifrīqiya. Certaines des villes qu’ils fréquentèrent alors devinrent progressivement les pôles d’un espace intellectuel partagé, commun aux savants des deux rives.Il a ainsi été possible de reconstituer la structure et le fonctionnement des réseaux d’échanges qui ont mis en contact la péninsule Ibérique et le Maghreb, en particulier leur inscription dans l’espace, le rôle des acteurs qui les ont fait vivre et enfin les flux qu’ils distribuaient à l’échelle de la Méditerranée occidentale. Fondée sur une compréhension plus fine des phénomènes spatiaux et des enjeux territoriaux, cette analyse a donc permis de développer une nouvelle géographie historique de l’Occident musulman des premiers siècles
The objective of this dissertation was to investigate the circumstances surrounding the construction of a space linking al-Andalus and the Maghrib. Traditionally, historians hold the view that integration of the Muslim West took place mostly during the Almoravid and Almohad periods (5th-7th/11th-13th centuries). The starting point of this research was that too little attention had been paid to the reign of the Umayyads of Cordoba (2nd-5th/8th-11th centuries), yet representing a major step in this process.In the first place, it appeared to be a political process. In fact, the Umayyad state of Cordoba progressively developed imperial ambitions towards the other side of the Strait of Gibraltar. Consequently, the Andalusian power initiated the development of a coherent territory that spread from the Pyreneans to the northern edges of the Sahara. The second major finding was that trade increased significantly in the whole period, allowing the connection of all littoral zones of the Western Mediterranean, including its Christian banks. Hence, the Muslim West was included in larger economical areas. Also, many scholars travelled within this space, especially between al-Andalus, Ifrīqiya, and nowadays northern Morocco. As a result of this, some of the cities they visited progressively became the poles of an intellectual space that was shared both by Andalusi and Maghribi scholars.Overall, I was able to reconstitute the structure of exchanges networks connecting the Iberian peninsula and the Maghrib, and their evolution through time. Based on a nuanced understanding of the spatial phenomenon and the territorial issues, this research therefore contributes to existing knowledge by providing a new historical geography of the Muslim West during the first centuries of the Islamic period

Notre étude s’intéresse à l’agence André entre 1929 et 1973, période d’activité des frères Jacques et Michel André, architecte et ingénieur. Nous interrogeons leur production dans son contexte spatial et historique, à la lumière des notions de filiations et de réseaux. Issus d’une importante dynastie d’architectes en Lorraine, ils bénéficient d’un héritage à la fois matériel et intellectuel. Cet ancrage, soutenu par la foisonnante École de Nancy du début du siècle, favorise les réseaux de proximité comme les échanges culturels internationaux. Les frères André prolongent ce dynamisme critique en s’impliquant dans le Comité Nancy-Paris,l’Union des artistes modernes et la revue L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui. Dans l’Entre-deux guerres,ils sont les premiers architectes à collaborer durablement avec Jean Prouvé, avant d’associer à l’agence Claude, le fils de ce dernier, dans les années 1960. Proche des entrepreneurs locaux, les deux frères questionnent la valeur constructive de l’architecture :ils s’attachent à atteindre la perfection technique et expérimentent les matériaux. Cette recherche traverse leur production, depuis leur première grande réalisation, l’Institut de zoologie, inspiré par les procédés de Frank Lloyd Wright, jusqu’au musée de l’Histoire du fer,symbole de gloire industrielle régionale. Tandis que les années 1930 constituent une période d’intense créativité, l’agence développe après-guerre les outils nécessaires pour faire face à une commande massive, notamment postale, et se met en quête de productivité. L’agence des frères André constitue ainsi un témoin privilégié des bouleversements de la production architecturale au cours du XXème siècle
Our study focuses on the André agency between 1929 and 1973, period of activity of thebrothers Jacques and Michel André, architect and engineer. We question their production inits spatial and historical context, in the light of the notions of filiation and networks. Comingfrom a large dynasty of architects in Lorraine, they benefit from both material and intellectuallegacy. This rooting, supported by the teeming École de Nancy in the early century,promotes close networks as well as international cultural exchanges. The André brothersextend this critical dynamic by getting involved in the Comité Nancy-Paris, the Union desartistes modernes (UAM) and the L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui magazine. During the Interwarperiod, they were the first architects to work sustainably with Jean Prouvé, before associatingClaude, the son of the later, to the agency in the 1960s. Close to local building contractors,the two brothers question the constructive value of architecture: they focus on reaching ontechnical perfection and experimentation on materials. This research goes through theirproduction, since their first major achievement, the Institute of Zoology, inspired by FrankLloyd Wright’s processes, to the museum of iron history, symbol of the region's industrialglory. While the 1930s are a period of creativity, the agency develops postwar the toolsneeded to face intense order, in particular postal, and shifts toward a quest for productivity.The André agency thus constitutes a privileged witness to the upheavals of architecturalproduction during the 20th century

Notre étude s’intéresse à l’agence André entre 1929 et 1973, période d’activité des frères Jacques et Michel André, architecte et ingénieur. Nous interrogeons leur production dans son contexte spatial et historique, à la lumière des notions de filiations et de réseaux. Issus d’une importante dynastie d’architectes en Lorraine, ils bénéficient d’un héritage à la fois matériel et intellectuel. Cet ancrage, soutenu par la foisonnante École de Nancy du début du siècle, favorise les réseaux de proximité comme les échanges culturels internationaux. Les frères André prolongent ce dynamisme critique en s’impliquant dans le Comité Nancy-Paris,l’Union des artistes modernes et la revue L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui. Dans l’Entre-deux guerres,ils sont les premiers architectes à collaborer durablement avec Jean Prouvé, avant d’associer à l’agence Claude, le fils de ce dernier, dans les années 1960. Proche des entrepreneurs locaux, les deux frères questionnent la valeur constructive de l’architecture :ils s’attachent à atteindre la perfection technique et expérimentent les matériaux. Cette recherche traverse leur production, depuis leur première grande réalisation, l’Institut de zoologie, inspiré par les procédés de Frank Lloyd Wright, jusqu’au musée de l’Histoire du fer,symbole de gloire industrielle régionale. Tandis que les années 1930 constituent une période d’intense créativité, l’agence développe après-guerre les outils nécessaires pour faire face à une commande massive, notamment postale, et se met en quête de productivité. L’agence des frères André constitue ainsi un témoin privilégié des bouleversements de la production architecturale au cours du XXème siècle
Our study focuses on the André agency between 1929 and 1973, period of activity of thebrothers Jacques and Michel André, architect and engineer. We question their production inits spatial and historical context, in the light of the notions of filiation and networks. Comingfrom a large dynasty of architects in Lorraine, they benefit from both material and intellectuallegacy. This rooting, supported by the teeming École de Nancy in the early century,promotes close networks as well as international cultural exchanges. The André brothersextend this critical dynamic by getting involved in the Comité Nancy-Paris, the Union desartistes modernes (UAM) and the L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui magazine. During the Interwarperiod, they were the first architects to work sustainably with Jean Prouvé, before associatingClaude, the son of the later, to the agency in the 1960s. Close to local building contractors,the two brothers question the constructive value of architecture: they focus on reaching ontechnical perfection and experimentation on materials. This research goes through theirproduction, since their first major achievement, the Institute of Zoology, inspired by FrankLloyd Wright’s processes, to the museum of iron history, symbol of the region's industrialglory. While the 1930s are a period of creativity, the agency develops postwar the toolsneeded to face intense order, in particular postal, and shifts toward a quest for productivity.The André agency thus constitutes a privileged witness to the upheavals of architecturalproduction during the 20th century

Cette thèse porte un regard nouveau sur la présence grecque en Égypte avant la conquête d’Alexandre le Grand. Par le biais des amphores grecques retrouvées en Égypte, notre étude apporte quelques éclairages sur la question des mobilités méditerranéennes. Notre approche, résolument archéologique, prend en considération l’ensemble de la documentation amphorique, en grande partie inédite, sur une trentaine de sites égyptiens. Les assemblages céramiques et la nature des contextes alimentent nos réflexions. Des études quantitatives permettent de déterminer la part relative des importations et ainsi de préciser aussi bien les réseaux d’échanges que la pénétration des produits méditerranéens en Égypte. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence un basculement du commerce qui, vers la fin du VIIe, se déplace du Levant vers les cités égéennes. Au cours du VIe siècle nous assistons à une généralisation progressive des importations grecques. Le monde égéen s’impose alors comme le partenaire économique privilégié d’un commerce à grande échelle. Largement distribuées sur l’ensemble du territoire, les amphores grecques ne se cantonnent pas aux seuls établissements côtiers dont la nature est également à l’étude. L’invasion de Cambyse en 525 ne semble pas mettre un frein à ces échanges. Nous notons toutefois quelques changements dans la hiérarchie des principales cités égéennes exportatrices. La présence importante d’amphores grecques et la faible représentation de céramiques fines dans des contextes domestiques égyptiens témoignent de la réception des denrées exportées sans toutefois entraîner un changement dans le mode de consommation local
This thesis takes a fresh look at Greek presence in Egypt before the conquest of Alexander the Great. By looking at Greek amphorae found in Egypt, our study will shed some light on the question of movement in the Mediterranean.Our approach is strictly archaeological and will take into consideration the ensemble of documentation concerning amphorae, still largely unpublished, from some 30 Egyptian sites. This enquiry places the archaeological context at the heart of the argument. The ceramic assemblages and the nature of contexts are what nourish our reflections. Quantitative studies allow us to determine the relative role of imports and thus to elucidate both exchange networks and the penetration of Mediterranean products into Egypt. We have been able to reveal a swing in trade towards the end of the 7th century away from the Levant and towards the Aegean cities. To date, nothing indicates a significant Greek presence prior to the last third of the 7th century. Throughout the 6th century, we witness a gradual generalisation of Greek imports. Widely distributed across the entire territory, Greek amphorae are not limited to coastal settlements, the nature of which is also under study. The invasion of Cambyses in 525 does not seem to have slowed this exchange. We do, however, note certain changes in the hierarchy of the principal Aegean export cities. The wide distribution of Greek amphorae is evidence of a strong current that can no longer be envisaged simply as destined for Greek communities in situ. By situating our data with a Mediterranean perspective, we are proposing a hypothesis of a more pronounced north-south circulation
تلقي هذه الرسالة نظرة جديدة على التواجد اليوناني في مصر قبل غزو الأسكندر الاكبر. من خلال الامفورات اليونانية التي عثر عليها في مصر٬ تلقي هذه الدراسة بعض الضوء على مسألة التنقل في حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسطمقاربتنا٬ و هي بلا شك متعلقة بعلم الآثار٬ تأخذ في الأعتبار جميع الوثائق المتعلقة بالأمفورات في حوالي ثلاثون موقع مصري٬ و غالبيتها غير مطبوعة. هذا البحث مبني على أساس أثري.و تتغدى أفكارنا من خلال قطع السيراميك المجمعة و طبيعة السياق التاريخي. تسمح الدراسات الكمية بتحديد الحصة التقريبية للواردات و بالتالي بتحديد كلا من شبكات التبادل و دخول منتجات البحر الابيض المتوسط مصرلقد استطعنا إثبات وجود تحول التجارة، والتي تنتقل من بلاد الشام إلى مدن بحر ايجه في نهاية القرن السابع. و حتى هذه اللحظة، لا يجد أي عنصر قد يشير إلى تواجد يوناني مهم في ما قبل الثلث الاخير للقرن السابع. و نشهد في القرن السادس، انتشار تدريجي للواردات اليونانية. و يصبح العالم الإيجي الشريك الإقتصادي المفضل للتجارة على نطاق واسع. و بعد أن قاموا بتوزيعها في جميع أنحاء البلاد، لم تعد الأمفورات اليونانية محصورة في المنشآت الساحلية و التي تعتبر طبيعتها ايضاً محل دراسة. و يبدو أن غزو قمبيز في عام 525 لم يضع حداً لهذا التبادل. و مع ذلك نلاحظ بعض التغييرات في ترتيب المدن الإيجيية الرئيسية المصدرة. يشهد الأنتشار الواسع للأمفورات اليونانية على تيار قوي لا يمكن النظر إليه، بعد الآن، على أنه خاص بالمجتمعات اليونانية المتواجدة هناكو في إطار الحياة المنزلية المصرية، يدل وجود الأمفورات اليونانية بكثرة وقلة الرسومات بالسيراميك الدقيق على تلقي السلع المصدرة دون أن يتبع ذلك تغيير في طريقة الاستهلاك المحلي. و عند وضع بياناتنا في إطار منظور خاص بالبحر الأبيض المتوسط، نفترض وجود حركة أكبر بين الشمال و الجنوب

碩士
國立中央大學
客家社會文化研究所
101
Qing Dynasty Taiwan was on the border and education was not flourishing in the beginning of land development even in the Mid-Qing but gentry and rich persons competing to receive or hire to be teacher when literati come to Taiwan. Wu,Zi-Guang came to Taiwan from Mei County Jiaying State Guangdong Province in Tao-kuang 22 year (1984), he settled and lived in an-li-she. He was qualified to be recommended man in Tung-chih 4 year (1865), teaching as his duty whole his life, he had many outstanding students like Chiu Feng-Chia、Hsieh Tao- Lung、P'an Yung-An、Lu Ju- Hsiu et al.. He passed away in Kuang-hsu 9 year (1883) at the age of sixty five. Wu, Zi-Guang as one of the imperial examination community member and established a network of people in Taiwan. The main purpose of this thesis is researching Wu, Zi-Guang interpersonal networks formation. The results have showed that Wu, Zi-Guang has five points been worthy to pay attention. Promote culture and education, train and cultivate local literati. Then, being a scholar of Taiwan and last voiced for Taiwan. The five characteristics of social network that established around the Wu, Zi-Guang shows below: First, a majority were Hakka of social networks. Second, a social network devoted to culture and education development. Third, have a dual core personal network. Fourth, have the courage to voice for Taiwan and resistance. The major four influences is training, cultivating people; promote culture manners in central Taiwan; publish and preserve literature works; the last but not least, extended main network and formed sub network from the Qing Dynasty more than two centuries in Taiwan. Wu,Zi-Guang has great achievements in education or literature or history, and his social network also has distinctive and unique profoundly impacted on Taiwan. It could be proclaimed as number one Hakka social network in Taiwan.

碩士
國立臺北大學
歷史學系
106
Lan-ling Xiao was one of the “émigré clans”僑姓 in South North Dynasties., They became they ranked amonggreat clan of medieval Chinese aristocracy since Southern Qi and Liang dynasty was built. Instead of declining after Liang of Southern dynasty perished, Lan-ling Xiao still stood out in Tang Dynasty. There are many researches about Lan-ling Xiao in Southern and Northern Dynasties, but not including Sui and Tang dynasty. This article thesis will focus on the development of Lan-ling Xiao in Sui and Tang dynasty by using Orthodox Histories and epitaphs. After Southern Liang dynasty perished, Eastern Wei supported Xiao Cha蕭詧 to build Later Liang Kingdom, and the other members others Some of them served in Northern dynasty, and receivedwith great courtesy as the imperial clan of Laterthe Liang. Later Liang was a Vassal state inof Sui dynasty., but removed by Preparing for conquering the south, Emperor Wen of Sui annexed Later Liang when Tujue surrender in 585.When Emperor Wen of Sui for preparing attacking go forward south when Tujue surrender, he canceled Later Liang as a vassal state.. However, Lan-ling Xiao’s political statusposition was no longer like beforedegraded. Through Pparticipating in the Crown Prince battle would be an opportunity to enter political core, Later Liang Xiao後梁蕭氏entered the core of power. Because of princess Xiao, Yang Guang’s wife, so Later Liang Xiao後梁蕭氏and their affinals joined Yang Guang’s group, and supported him to win this battle. Yang Su and Yang Yue’s stepmother, was Ms. Xiao蘭陵蕭氏,, with this relationship might enhanced the possibilitychance toof join Yang Guang’s group. When Yang Guang came to thronesucceed to the throne, Later Liang Xiao became prominent family. Lan-ling Xiao chose different ways during after the collapse of Sui dynasty: Xiao Xian蕭銑 found a regimefight for territory in ancient central chinafound a regime, Xiao Fen蕭汾 retired, Xiao Yu蕭瑀 entered the Tang who later became the most important person of Lan-ling Xiao in early Tang. As affinal of former relative of emperorroyal family, Lan-ling Xiao wasn’t weaken in new dynasty because of the specificity of regime change. As the famous family inof south, Lan-ling Xiao’s member Xiao Yu was promoted by Emperor Gaozu and Taizong inof Tang dynasty. Xiao Sung蕭嵩 continued followed Xiao Yu’s wayway, being chief minister and connecting keeping marriage network with royal family by marriage, most of chief ministers ofin Lan-ling Xiao in middle and late Tang were his descendants. There were few sourceless articlesource about Lan-ling Xiao in late Tang, Xiao Fu蕭符 was noteworthy for following powerful province Zhu Quanzhong. Tsen岑系and Yen,巖系branch of Later Liang Xiao, Yi懿支and Hui,恢支branch of house Liang, house Qi齊房, house Huang Chiu皇舅房, their development development in Tang didn’t comparerelationship in Tang can’tdidn’t use the resource compare with Later Liang Xiao because they weren’t direct descent. Yen Kuei branch衍支巋系of house Liang and Tang’s royal family familyconnected by married princessmarriagemarrige, so that but their political influence was limited. They lost the only chance which could support loyal prince because of witchcraft. The other members’ marriage partners all were aristocracy, therefore, their clan had high prestige. Lan-ling Xiao’s religion belief believed in Buddhism lasted into early Tang, Xiao Yu was a typical onewas most typical of his clan, and his families also influenced by him. The Another description about religion was wereare obscure in sourcehistorical data and epitaphs of other members, most of them were affected by the atmosphere in Tang, they wereare believers of Buddhism-Taoism.

碩士
國立臺北大學
歷史學系
105
This thesis takes Li Wei-Zhen(李維楨), a literary celebrity in the late Ming Dynasty, as an example, through examining a large number of his prefaces for anthologies, epitaphs(墓誌銘), birthday essays(壽序) and other articles, to clarify the nature of occasional writings(應酬書寫). Occasional writings and social engagements help to expand interpersonal networks, and also build up one’s personal reputation. Therefore, this thesis will analyze the influence reputation has on Li and his friends to understand the social values then reflected in how the late Ming literati pursued reputation. 　　Examining Li Wei-Zhen's interpersonal network and life stories, we can learn that he had a large circle of friends. In that he had taken up official position in Beijing(北京), this early experience enabled him to acquaint himself with the personages in literary circle. Thereafter, Li Wei-Zhen served in Shaanxi(陝西), Henan(河南), Jiangxi(江西), Sichuan(四川), Zhejiang(浙江) and Shanxi(山西); hence his acquaintances with local officials, members of the royal family and literati. In Li Wei-Zhen's old age, he resided in Yangzhou(揚州) and Nanjing(南京), becoming acquainted with more literati in the cities. Subsequently, this thesis analyzes the social identity of Li Wei-Zhen’s friends, including members of royal family, officials, squires, businessmen, students, unknown literati, doctors and all kinds of people. It can be found that he was not only making a wide range of friends but even not excluding people of lower social status. Interestingly, Li’s personality trait of sociability, in fact, reflects the social atmosphere in the Late Ming Dynasty. 　　Although Li Wei-Zhen's social status mainly derived from his position as an official, he also established his own reputation as a literary personage through social activities, occasional writings, etc. This was quite different from the factor of being an official. As a literary celebrity, Li Wei-Zhen had the authority of literary evaluation, and his literary criticism was prestigious enough to influence others’ view on literary works. In brief, by recommending an individual and build up his/ her reputation, Li could effectively define that specific individual's position in literary circle. Li Wei-Zhen's remarks were so influential in publishing, literary works and art market that many would eagerly pay him a visit and this in turn strengthened Li's reputation. Thereby, Li Wei-Zhen’s literary status accordingly consolidated and affected his social status.

碩士
育達商業科技大學
資訊管理所
101
In the era of science and technology and the information explosion, applications of the Internet media resources are rapidly accommodated. This research focuses on the use of web-assisted teaching that explores applying culture.edu.tw web site into history teaching comparing to traditional teaching. The experiment object is composed by 58 eight-grade students of junior high school in Miaoli to evaluate the awareness, understanding, learning effectiveness and learning attitude after applied web-based multimedia learning. This study adopted a quasi-experiment with nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. One class was assigned as the web-learning lectures experimental group while the other one was traditional lectures (TL) as control group. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks with “The Chaos of Late Chin Dynasty” topics. A comparison of learning achievements and attitudes toward history teaching were conducted between the two groups at the end of experiment by issuing questionnaires. Preliminary results suggest that this study is valuable on designing future information technology integrated history instruction.

The present thesis deals with the reign of Nyuserre, one of great Old Kingdom rulers who ruled in the mid-Fifth Dynasty (2402-2374+25 BC). A transformation of whole society of ancient Egypt came to pass during his reign as a consequence of the events in the late Fourth and early Fifth Dynasties, when the highest posts in the administrative system had passed over from members of the royal family to dignitaries of non-royal origin. This fact had been reflected in whole society and started numerous rivulets of change, which merged in a single river in Nyuserre's reign. The gradual transformation of Egyptian society from a kingdom to a state took place during this crucial period, and a number of innovations came about in various spheres (religion, society, administration, tomb architecture, etc.), mirroring a change in the participation in power. This situation was reflected primarily in dignitaries' tombs dated to the given period, which became indicators of the transformation of society. The research is focused on an analysis more than 100 tombs of high-ranking individuals and their family members, and particularly of their titulary, offering formulae, false doors (the central point of the funerary cult), etc. The individual chapters of the present thesis exemplify the most noticeable changes in...