Tesis sobre el tema "Dynamique non linéaire multi-Échelles"
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Brochard, Guillaume. "Dynamique du fishbone ionique dans les tokamaks : théorie et simulations non-linéaires multi-échelles". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAX002.
Texto completoIn tokamak plasmas, fast particles generated by fusion reactions and by non-inductive heating techniques can resonantly interact with Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) instabilities, potentially leading to their transport out of the plasma core. This topic is important in the context of burning plasmas, where the collisional relaxation of alpha particles is expected to compensate the energy losses. The resonant transport time of fast particles being much lower than their typical relaxation, these Kinetic-MHD instabilities can adversely impact the plasma energy balance, and therefore the fusion performance of future commercial reactors. In this thesis, we study the interaction of energetic ions with the internal kink mode, resulting in the onset of the fishbone instability. To this end, we use the nonlinear hybrid Kinetic-MHD code XTOR-K to simulate the nonlinear phases of the fishbone instability, during which fast particles are being transported. Firstly, the linear theory of the fishbone instability is re-derived, recovering similar expressions with Porcelli’s dispersion relation. Differences arise when considering deeply passing particles. A linear code has been implemented to solve non-perturbatively the fishbone dispersion relation obtained. Results with this code are consistent with those obtained from XTOR-K linear simulations, in terms of mode growth rates, rotations frequencies and resonant surfaces. This provides a linear verification of XTOR-K, that enables its use on complex equilibria and during nonlinear phases. Secondly, a parametric study is provided by XTOR-K regarding the alpha fishbone linear stability with equilibria relevant for the ITER 15 MA case. Our simulations show that this scenario is likely to be fishbone unstable for ITER relevant alpha particle densities. Finally, nonlinear results obtained with XTOR-K in low energy circular equilibria and in the ITER 15 MA case are presented. These results document the self-consistent dynamics of fast particles and MHD modes during one fishbone oscillation. Resonant fast particle transport is a common feature of these simulations, together with frequency chirping of the Kinetic-MHD mode. Differences between these simulations are discussed, as well as the nonlinear regime characterizing the observed mode based on existing theories. During one fishbone oscillation, in our different simulations, the overall alpha particle transport in the core plasma impacts from 5 to 10% of the initial population, which shows that the reduction of fusion performance due to the alpha-fishbone instability is limited. From these simulations, a mechanism explaining the nonlinear coupling between resonant particle transport and mode chirping is presented
Segneri, Marco. "Réduction exacte de la dynamique neurale à plusieurs échelles". Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1084.
Texto completoThe work of this thesis is inspired by a new generation of neural mass models where the mean field equations are derived exactly starting from the microscopic ones for the neural population composed of QIF neurons. This innovative approach is based on recent results of statistical physics, which have shown the possibility of deriving exact macroscopic models for coupled phase oscillator networks. In more detail the thesis is structured as follows. In the first chapter we introduce the concept of phase oscillator and provide a detailed analysis of the Kuramoto model. We then show how it is possible to exactly reduce a system of N phase oscillators to a macroscopic system of low dimension. In this context two exact mean-field approaches have been developed. The first approach, developed in 1993 by Watanabe and Strogatz, is devoted to identical oscillators; while the second one,introduced in 2008 by Ott and Antonsen, describes the macroscopic dynamics of non-identical oscillators. In the second chapter we introduce the single QIF neuron model by providinga detailed study of its dynamics. We then define the network model of fullycoupled QIF neurons showing how to move from the microscopic descriptionof a population of QIF neurons with instantaneous synapses, correspondingto a system of N degrees of freedom, to the exact neural mass model withonly two degrees of freedom, that is in terms of the average firing rate andthe average membrane potential of the network.In the third chapter we examine two set-ups able to support collectivegamma oscillations: the pyramidal interneuronal network gamma (PING)and the interneuronal network gamma (ING). In both set-ups we observe theemergence of theta-nested gamma oscillations by driving the system with asinusoidal theta-forcing in proximity of a Hopf bifurcation. From our anal-ysis it emerges that the locked states are more frequent in the ING set-up.In agreement with the experiments, we find theta-nested gamma oscillationsfor forcing frequencies in the range [1:10] Hz, whose amplitudes grow proportionally to the forcing one and which are clearly modulated by the thetaphase. At variance with experimental findings, the gamma-power peak doesnot shift to higher frequencies by increasing the theta frequency. This effectcan be obtained, in our model, only by incrementing, at the same time, also the noise or the forcing amplitude.In the fourth chapter we study balanced sparse inhibitory networks of QIFneurons characterized by a finite synaptic time scale. As the main result,we show theoretically and numerically that a single inhibitory populationcan give rise to coexisting of slow and fast gamma rhythms correspondingto collective oscillations of a balanced spiking network. The slow and fastgamma rhythms are generated via two different mechanisms: the fast onebeing driven by the the coordinated tonic neural firing and the slow one byendogenous fluctuations due to irregular neural activity. We show that al-most instantaneous stimulations can switch the collective gamma oscillationsfrom slow to fast and vice versa.In the fifth chapter we consider a sparse balanced inhibitory network of QIFneurons with instantaneous synapses proving the transition from the asynchronous state to collective oscillations for large enough average connectivityby solving the associated Fokker-Planck equation. This result is in goodagreement with network simulations. Moreover we try to extend the OAtheory for sparse network by considering the Circulant Cumulant approxi-mation (CCs). In particular we consider CCs until the second cumulant,providing a four-dimensional system for the first and second cumulant. Thislow dimensional system is able to capture the transition from asynchronousstate to collective oscillations, however the discrepancy with the networksimulations suggests to consider major order of cumulants
Mamouri, Saïd. "Dynamique non linéaire des structures et des systèmes multi-corps". Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1259.
Texto completoCharlemagne, Simon. "Dynamique non linéaire d’un assemblage d’oscillateurs : application au contrôle". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET003.
Texto completoNonlinear light oscillators can be used for performing vibratory passive control of structures undergoing unacceptable oscillations in terms of comfort and safety. The study of Nonlinear Energy Sinks (NES) has been especially subject to an important research effort since the beginning of the 2000s. Its essential nonlinearity enables it to achieve large-band energy pumping, which is a significant advantage in comparison with classical Tuned Mass Dampers. In this manuscript, nonlinear chains of oscillators coupled to linear systems under harmonic excitation are studied. The main goal is to understand the behavior of the whole system and find evidence of passive control abilities of such chains. First of all, a general analytical methodology is presented and applied to examples where single and multi-degree-of-freedom absorbers with cubic nonlinearities are linked to a linear oscillator. A modification of this approach by considering the chain in the form of a continuous approximation is then proposed. Finally, an experimental device composed of a single storey reduced-scale building coupled to a chain of eight nonlinear oscillators is investigated
Guskov, Mikhail. "Dynamique non-linéaire des systèmes multi-rotors : Etudes numérique et expérimentale". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mguskov.pdf.
Texto completoModern trends in the progress of the machine design are to increase performances while reducing mass. This causes augmented loads in machine parts while the compliances grow as well. The resulting dynamical responses occur at accrued levels, putting forward nonlinear phenomena. The aim of this thesis is to study nonlinear structural dynamics, especially in view of application to multi-shaft aircraft engines rotordynamics. This problematics is investigated by theory and experiment. As for the theoretical development, we adress the dynamical response of strongly nonlinear systems under multi-frequency excitations. To this aim, the models of roller bearings are studied and implemented from the point of view of application to rotordynamics computations. In particular, these models take radial clearance and nonlinear contact stigness into account. In order to deal with multiple unbalance excitations which are present in multi-shaft rotor systems, we have elaborated a generalized harmonic balance approach so as to predict the resulting quasi-periodic motions. This work has been applied to a dual shaft test rig with an intershaft bearing built during this study. Methods of stability evaluation are also considered in view of extensions to quasi-periodic motions. In the experimental part of the work, we have designed and studied a dual shaft test rig with an intershaft bearing. The overall modal analysis of this rig matches a real aircraft engine's rotordynamical behavior. After the design and construction of the rig, several operational configurations have been tested. Firstly, we have studied the unbalance response of the machine under the nominal co-rotating conditions in order to validate the design approach and estimate the residual unbalance of the machine. Secondly, the counter-rotating operation has been tested. Finally, an additional mass has been mounted on one of the shafts. This has allowed to lower one of the modes into the operational range of the machine. The overall test results have enabled the observations of dynamical phenomena typical for the dual shaft dynamics both from the rotordynamical and nonlinear points of view : forward and backward whirls, quasi-periodic precession motion, resonance peaks distorsion and superharmonic response
Peillex, Guillaume. "Modélisations numériques multi-échelles du comportement dynamique de matériaux composites sous sollicitations tribologiques : cas des composites Carbone/Carbone utilisés en freinage aéronautique". Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAL0068.
Texto completoIn order to understand the wear mechanism of composites used in aeronautic brakes, we need to dissociate the role of the mechanical phenomena from those of the thermal and physico-chemical phenomena. A two-scale composite is modelized numerically, using finite elements, and takes into account the mechanical aspect of dynamic contact with friction loading. Convergence is achieved thanks to a particular friction law. A multi-scale approach, by homogenization allows to dissociate the influence of the macroscopic scale, which determines the possible vibration modes, from the one of the mesoscopic scale, which chooses the mode that is really expressed. A damage scenario, based on local stress evaluation for each scale, is set up and joins experimental observations. The model also allows to characterize the influence of some manufacturing process parameters over its tribological behavior
Guskov, Mikhail. "Dynamique non-linéaire des systèmes multirotors. Etudes numérique et expérimentale". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00438353.
Texto completoMuzard, Philippe. "Etude du comportement dynamique linéaire et non-linéaire d'un rotor d'hélicoptère : Application au couplage rotor-fuselage". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1582_pmuzard.pdf.
Texto completoThe development of computing power and optimisation methods used by the engineers leads to a better design of structures. It has for first consequence the appearance of non linear phenomena affecting the dynamic behaviour which can modify in a large part the linear response. The first part of this work deals also with the insertion of non linearities in the modelling of helicopter rotor dynamics. We will show that non linearities can't be always neglected and leads sometimes to chaotic behaviour and even instability. A particular analysis of these phenomena is made using well-known methods - Volterra's series, normal form theory - in order to identify the main non linear parameters. The original aspect of this work lies in the application of non linear analysis to a multi-dimensional system which is close to reality. We will study afterwards the coupling between two linear structures. In the case of helicopter, the particularity is that the rotor is strongly gyroscopic. We will use a modal approach of the fuselage to simplify the analysis. Two directions will be explored. A simplified model permits us to identify the coupled degrees of freedom. A second modelling, taking into account numerous aerodynamic effects, will be used as a tool for conception and design of helicopters. At last, we will study an unstable coupling between rotor and fuselage through particular mechanical organs
Voslion, Thibaut. "Instabilité de déchirement multiple et cisaillement fluide dans un plasma chaud magnétisé". Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11121.
Texto completoThis thesis process a multi-sacle interaction study about Double tearing mode and shear flow instability in Tokamak. The study is made to show the influence of a shear flow on global reconnection, nonlinear phenomena linked to the double tearing mode, and harmful for plasma confinement in tokamaks. Both theoretical and numerical studies on double tearing mode in presence of a shear flow, which can trigger Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, is performed in the framework of reduced and resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The systematic study of linear and nonlinear effects is performed as a function of relevant parameters. Thus, different dynamics are obtained, with and without turbulence depending on parameters. We find that even in presence of a strong turbulence, the double tearing dynamics leads to the global reconnexion if resonnant surfaces are close enough. However, the global reconnexion may be significantly delayed in presence of a shear flow
Leprovost, Nicolas. "Influence des petites échelles sur la dynamique à grande échelle en turbulence hydro et magnétohydrodynamique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007809.
Texto completoRoy, Vincent. "Lasers à fibre à synchronisation modale passive par rotation non linéaire de la polarisation : dynamique en régime multi-impulsionnel". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24719/24719.pdf.
Texto completoThe work presented herein is primarily concerned with the dynamics of passively mode-locked fiber lasers. The mechanism used for achieving pulse emission relies on nonlinear interferometry (i.e. nonlinear polarization rotation). However, the same mechanism acts as a limiter whenever the pulse power is increased above a given amount, i.e. the wings are subject to a higher gain than the peak of the pulse. The pulse train then becomes unstable and the creation of one or more additional pulses follows from this instability. In this new regime, it is not unusual to observe the formation of coherent states of bound pulses. The nature of the interaction responsible for this phenomenon depends on the amount of dispersion experienced by the pulses along the laser cavity. In the case of a cavity that sustains the formation of solitons, the occurrence of pulse bound states was shown to result from the nonlinear interaction between the pulses and the resonant dispersive waves emitted as a result of the periodic perturbations the solitons undergo on successive cavity round trips. In contrast, for the case of a cavity built from positive and negative dispersion fibers such as to reduce the net dispersion, the sidebands related to the resonant dispersive waves are greatly reduced because of the significant frequency chirp the pulses acquire along each fiber segment. Thus we show here that the formation of pulse bound states results instead from the direct interaction between the multiple pulses since the pulses interfere with one another on a significant part of the laser cavity. In addition, in the same regime, we report the observation of collisions occurring between pulse bound states traveling with different group velocities. This process may result in several outcomes, depending on the changes the bound states undergo during the collisions. In fact, energy and momentum need not be conserved in the process since the laser is a dissipative system. Finally, in the case of collisions that repeat periodically, the acquisition of a sequence of autocorrelations allowed us to verify the peculiar dynamics that characterizes the collision process.
Sudre, J. "Circulation submésoéchelle et comportements des prédateurs marins supérieurs : Apport de l'analyse multi-échelles et multi-capteurs". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929804.
Texto completoLaxalde, Denis. "Étude d'amortisseurs non-linéaires appliqués aux roues aubagées et aux systèmes multi-étages". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344168.
Texto completoDes méthodologies numériques ont été développées dans cet objectif; il s'agit principalement de méthodes d'analyse non-linéaire dans le domaine fréquentiel adaptées aux structures à symétrie cyclique telles que celles qui nous intéressent. La modélisation des interfaces de contact et son influence sur ces méthodes sont aussi abordées. En outre, une approche modale, permettant l'étude des paramètres modaux (fréquence propre et taux d'amortissement) d'un système non-linéaire en fonction de son énergie (ou de son niveau vibratoire) est proposée. Cette méthode présente plusieurs avantages parmi lesquels la possibilité de quantifier, de façon directe, l'efficacité d'un dispositif d'amortissement non-linéaire ou encore la possibilité de traiter plusieurs types de problèmes (réponses libres ou forcées) de façon unifiée.
Ces méthodes sont ensuite appliquées à l'étude de deux types de dispositif d'amortissement. En premier lieu, l'amortissement par joncs de friction des structures monoblocs est étudié d'un point de vue numérique sur des structures industrielles. La phénoménologie du système non-linéaire est décrite en détails ce qui permet d'évaluer les performances de cette technologie ainsi que ses limites. Ensuite, l'étude d'une solution d'amortissement par pompage énergétique est proposée. Le principe du pompage énergétique consiste à utiliser un absorbeur de vibration de faible masse et de caractéristique fortement non-linéaire pour l'amortissement d'une structure principale (généralement linéaire). Ici, l'usage d'un absorbeur à caractéristique hystérétique est envisagé. Sur un système simple, les phénomènes de pompage énergétique - c'est à dire un transfert irréversible et unilatéral de l'énergie vibratoire du système principal vers l'absorbeur - sont étudiés à l'aide de méthodes numériques adaptées.
En parallèle des problématiques liées à l'amortissement, nous nous sommes intéressés à la modélisation et l'analyse dynamique des ensembles multi-étages de roues aubagées. Bien que récente, cette problématique est aujourd'hui majeure pour la conception des turbomachines et les méthodes existantes d'analyse en dynamique s'avèrent mal adaptées au problème. Une méthode innovante et efficace de modélisation en symétrie cyclique multi-étage est ici proposée; elle permet de modéliser un ensemble de structures cycliques par un secteur élémentaire de chaque étage et les analyses peuvent se faire par harmoniques spatiales. Une application non-linéaire de cette méthode est aussi proposée.
Enfin, les premiers résultats d'une étude expérimentale de caractérisation de l'amortissement par joncs de friction sont présentés. Le banc d'essais, sa conception et les choix technologiques sont présentés en détails. Suivent les premiers résultats expérimentaux obtenus lors de la phase de déverminage ainsi qu'une comparaison avec les prédictions de simulations numériques.
Abed, Issam. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un récupérateur d'énergie vibratoire électromagnétique non-linéaire multimodale". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2003/document.
Texto completoIn order to accomplish the promises of vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) as a major alternative to powersensors, their performances in terms of frequency bandwidth and harvested power have to be improved. In thisthesis, unlike classical VEHs either linear and multimodal or nonlinear and mono-frequency, we propose a vibrationenergy harvesting approach based on arrays of coupled levitated or elastically guided magnets combining thebenefits of nonlinearities and modal interactions.A review of VEHs is carried out. Particularly, the design issues of linear harvesters are addressed and frequencytuning techniques are presented. A review of nonlinear methods is also presented in order to define a solving procedureenabling the investigation of the dynamics of nonlinear VEHs. The equations of motion which include themagnetic nonlinearity, the geometric nonlinearity and the electromagnetic damping are solved using the harmonicbalance method coupled with the asymptotic numerical method. A multi-objective optimization procedure isintroduced and performed using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for the cases of small magnet arraysin order to select the optimal solutions in term of performances by bringing the eigenmodes close to each other interms of frequencies and amplitudes. Thanks to the nonlinear coupling and the modal interactions even for onlythree coupled magnets, the proposed method enable harvesting the vibration energy in the operating frequencyrange of 4.6–14.5 Hz, with a bandwidth of 190 % and a normalized power of 20:2mWcm-3g-2
Lucas, Iris. "Dynamique et contrôle d'un marché financier avec une approche système multi-agents". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH39/document.
Texto completoThis thesis suggests reflection in studying financial markets through complex systems prism.First, an original mathematic description for describing agents' decision-making process in case of problems affecting by both individual and collective behavior is introduced. The proposed method is particularly applicable when studied system is characterized by non-linear, path dependent and self-organizing interactions. An application to financial markets is proposed by designing a multi¬agent system based on the proposed formalization.In this application, we propose to implement a computational agent-based financial market in which the system is described in both a microscopie and macroscopic levels are proposed. The agents' decision-making process is based on fuzzy logic rules and the price dynamic is purely deten-ninistic according to the basis matching rules of a central order book as in NYSE-Euronext-Paris. We show that, while putting most parameters under evolutionary control, the computational agent- based system is able to replicate several stylized facts of financial time series (distributions of stocks returns showing a heavy tau l with positive excess kurtosis and volatility clustering phenomenon).Thereafter, with numerical simulations we propose to study three system's properties: self-organization, resilience and robustness. First a method is introduced to quantify the degree of selforganization which ernerges in the system and shows that the capacity of self-organization is maximized when the agents' behaviors are heterogeneous. Secondly, we propose to study the system's response when market shock is simulated. in both cases, numerical results are presentedI and analyzed, showing how the global market behavior emerges from specific individual behavior interactions.Our results notably show that the emergence of collective herding behavior when market shock occurs leads to a temporary disruption on the system self-organization. Finaily, numerical simulations highlight that our artificial financial market can be able to absorb strong mono-shock but be lead to the rupture by low but repeated perturbations
Duarte, Max. "Méthodes numériques adaptatives pour la simulation de la dynamique de fronts de réaction multi-échelles en temps et en espace". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667857.
Texto completoCastillo, Zamora José de Jesús. "Conception, Modélisation et Contrôle d'un Système Multi-Drones pour la Manipulation Aérienne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG051.
Texto completoA recent and exciting topic within the field of autonomous aerial vehicles is the interaction with the surrounding environment via in-flight manipulation, including retrieving, transport and deployment, which unveils an enormous potential vis-a-vis industrial and service applications. In this regard, the actual thesis focuses on the conception and energy-based dynamical study of a multi-link unmanned aerial system able to perform manipulation tasks. The study of the aforementioned robotic aerial system includes the control of the flying multi-link vehicle by the sliding mode control theory and the conception of Lyapunov-based controllers alongside the application of Kalman Filters for state and disturbances estimation. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the examination of time-delays effects on unmanned aerial systems. Detailed simulation results are provided to prove the effectiveness of the overall thesis proposal
Grenat, Clément. "Nonlinear Normal Modes and multi-parametric continuation of bifurcations : Application to vibration absorbers and architectured MEMS sensors for mass detection". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI078/document.
Texto completoOne of the goals of this thesis is to enhance the comprehension of nonlinear dynamics, especially MEMS nonlinear dynamics, by proposing new methods for parametric analysis and for nonlinear normal modes computation. In a first part, methods for the detection, the localization and the tracking of bifurcation points with respect to a single parameter are recalled. Then, a new method for parametric analysis, based on recursive continuation of extremum, is presented. This method is then applied to a Nonlinear Tuned Vibration Absorber in order to push isolated solutions at higher amplitude of forcing. Secondly, a method is presented for the computation of nonlinear normal modes. An optimal phase condition and a relaxation of the equation of motion are proposed to obtain a continuation method able to handle modal interactions. Then, a quadratic eigenvalue problem is shifted to compute the stability and bifurcation points. Finally, nonlinear normal modes are extended to non-conservatives systems permitting the continuation of phase and energy resonances. Thirdly, the nonlinear dynamics of MEMS array, based on multiple resonant micro-beams, is analyzed with the help of the proposed methods. A frequency synchronization of bifurcation points due to the electrostatic coupling is discovered. Then, the nonlinear dynamics of a MEMS array after symmetry breaking event induced by the addition of a small mass onto one of the beam of the array is analyzed. Finally, mass detection mechanisms exploiting the discovered phenomena are presented
Falvo, Cyril. "DYNAMIQUE VIBRATIONNELLE MULTI-QUANTA DANS LES RÉSEAUX QUANTIQUES NON LINÉAIRES: Polarons et bi-polarons dans les bio-polymères et les nanostructures moléculaires". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128559.
Texto completoLes couplages dipolaires favorisent la délocalisation des vibrations donnant naissance à la propagation d'excitons vibrationnels : les vibrons.
L'anharmonicité intramoléculaire favorise une interaction attractive entre les vibrons et entraîne l'apparition d'états liés. Caractérisés par une localisation de l'interdistance vibronique, les états liés sont l'équivalent quantique d'objets non linéaires tels que les solitons.
L'interaction vibron-phonon modifie la nature des états à travers le mécanisme d'habillage qui traduit la création de polarons qui sont des vibrons habillés par une déformation du réseau. Ce mécanisme diminue la capacité de délocalisation des polarons et correspond à une seconde source de non linéarité.
Notre formalisme, appliqué aux hélices-alpha et aux nanostructures moléculaires, révèle les points suivants:
A température biologique, une hélice-alpha, bien représentée par un modèle 1D, est le siège de deux états liés dont la présence a été observée expérimentalement. A basse température, la nature des états polaroniques reflète le caractère 3D des hélices.
Dans un nanofil de taille finie, la singularité du mécanisme d'habillage entraîne l'apparition d'états localisés.
Les non linéarités locale et non locale permettent un transport énergétique cohérent véhiculé par des états liés liés spécifiques.
Andrade, João Rodrigo. "Spectral analysis of the turbulent energy cascade and the development of a novel nonlinear subgrid-scale model for large eddy simulation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I006/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of the present work is to analyze and to provide an enhancement of the knowledge about the subgrid-scale behavior and to propose novel nonlinear subgrid-scale models for large eddy simulations of turbulent fluid flows. In this way, the present thesis is subdivided into three main parts. The first topic is an analysis of the statistical uncertainties associated with direct numerical simulation data for turbulent channel flow, showing a novel physicallybased quantification of these errors. In this analysis, the mean velocity error is estimated by considering the Reynolds stress tensor, and using the balance of mean force equation. This analysis is performed in order to verify the quality of the statistical data coming from the direct numerical simulation applied in the present work. Secondly, seeking to understand the contained physics in the whole wavenumber spectrum of turbulent flows, an analysis of the spectral turbulent kinetic energy budget in fully developed turbulent plane channel flow is performed. The analysis is focused on the influence of the Reynolds number on the spectral cascade of energy and the corresponding energy cascade in physical space in the presence of inhomogeneity and anisotropy. Finally, a novel nonlinear subgrid-scale model for large eddy simulation based on a set of objective tensors is presented. In the proposed closure model, the modeled subgrid-scale stress tensor is a function of the resolved rate-of-strain tensor and the resolved non-persistence-of-straining tensor, where both are local and objective kinematic entities. The non-persistence-of-straining tensor represents the local ability of the fluid to avoid being persistently stretched. To check the consistency of the proposed model, a priori and a posteriori tests are performed by simulating different wall-bounded turbulent flows. Comparisons with the exact subgrid-scale stress tensor and experimental data revealed that the inclusion of nonlinear terms on the subgrid-scale model can significantly increase the accuracy of the results, showing the great potential of the proposed tensorial base
Krupiński, Szymon. "Suivi des structures offshore par commande référencée vision et multi-capteurs". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4051.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with a control system for a underwater autonomous vehicle given a two consequent tasks: following a linear object and stabilisation with respect to a planar target using an on-board camera. The proposed solution of this control problem takes advantage of a cascading nature of the system and divides it into a velocity pilot control and two visual servoing schemes. The serving controllers generate the reference velocity on the basis of visual information; line following is based on binormalized Pluecker coordinates of parallel lines corresponding to the pipe contours detected in the image, while the stabilisation relies on the planar homography matrix of observed object features, w.r.t. the image of the same object observed at the desired pose. The pilot, constructed on the full 6 d.o.f. nonlinear model of the AUV, assures that the vehicle’s linear and angular velocities converge to their respective setpoints. Both image servoing schemes are based on minimal assumptions and knowledge of the environment. Validation is provided by a high-fidelity 6 d.o.f. dynamics simulation coupled with a challenging 3D visual environment, which generates images for automatic processing and visual servoing. A custom simulator is built that consist of a Simulink model for dynamics simulation and the MORSE robot and sensor simulator, bound together by ROS message passing libraries. The OpenCV library is used for real-time image processing. Methods of visual data filtering are described. Thus generated experimental data is provided that confirms the desired properties of the control scheme presented earlier
Khodor, Nadine. "Analyse de la dynamique des séries temporelles multi-variées pour la prédiction d’une syncope lors d’un test d’inclinaison". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S123/document.
Texto completoSyncope is a sudden loss of consciousness. Although it is not usually fatal, it has an economic impact on the health care system and the personal lives of people suffering. The purpose of this study is to reduce the duration of the clinical test (approximately 1 hour) and to avoid patients to develop syncope by early predicting the occurrence of syncope. The entire work fits into a data mining approach involving the feature extraction, feature selection and classification. 3 complementary approaches are proposed, the first one exploits nonlinear analysis methods of time series extracted from signals acquired during the test, the second one focuses on time- frequency (TF) relation between signals and suggests new indexes and the third one, the most original, takes into account their temporal dynamics
Gatt, Antoine. "Instabilité des freins aéronautiques : Approche transitoire et multi-physique". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC024.
Texto completoThese vibrations are a threat for the brake and landing-gear structural integrity and represent an issue in terms of integration. Thus Safran Landing Systems has to comply with aircraft manufacturers’ strict requirements on the vibration amplitude its product is likely to generate. Compliance to these requirements is assessed by long and costly braking test campaigns. The objective of the research presented here is to reproduce by simulation the brake dynamic instabilities with numerical tools that could be integrated in the design process. Brake squeal has been a research topic since the early XXth century. However it remains a rather ill-understood phenomenon, especially in aeronautics. Unstable vibrations regularly appear on the whole 0-2kHz frequency spectrum. In the last decade, an instability located around 200 Hz called whirl 2 persistently appeared on the newly developed wheel and brake assemblies, sometimes exhibiting critical vibration amplitudes. Consequently, Safran Landing Systems wishes to develop numerical tools able to simulate both the occurrence and the amplitudes associated with friction-induced instabilities, especially with the whirl 2 mode. In the first part of this report, an experimental analysis of the brake is conducted, on both laboratory and in operational set-ups. The modelling of the wheel and brake assembly using the finite element method is then described. The system stability in a Lyapunov’s sense is studied and shows good correlation in both frequencies and mode shapes with the experiments. This finite element model is too big to be used to perform the transient simulation of the nonlinear amplitudes. In the second part, two reduction methods, tailored to the complex aircraft brakes architectures, are thus presented. The first method is a semi-analytical. It shows excellent performances up to 500 Hz. The second reduction method is the double modal synthesis, implemented under its classical version. It is then successfully improved and called "complex double modal synthesis". The third part is dedicated to the study of the nonlinear dynamics of the whirl 2 through transient analyses. The nonlinear amplitudes simulation requires taking into account the relevant nonlinear brake behavior. However, it is first observed that, contrary to a commonly accepted hypothesis, the contact nonlinearities located at the friction interfaces cannot single-handedly account for the vibration amplitudes saturation observed in the tests. The need to identify the relevant physical phenomena leads then to consider the interaction between the squealing brake structure and its hydraulic command circuit. The modelling of the hydro-mechanical coupling provides an unprecedented insight and allows to prescribe design rules. Finally, we study the impact of dry friction in the peripheral contacts between the braking discs and the structure. This phenomenon, neglected until now, appears to have a major influence. Sensitivity studies exhibit a good correlation with tests, allowing to highlight, in a robust manner, the impact of brake design and braking scenarii on the nonlinear vibration amplitudes
Andral, Ugo. "Algorithme d'évolution pour laser à fibre optique en régime d'impulsions courtes". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS050/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the generation of ultrashort pulses within a fiber laser cavity through the automatic optimization of its parameters by an evolutionary algorithm. The interest of this subject comes from the difficulty to systematically explore dynamics in a large domain of experimental parameters. We have shown that it is possible to implement an evolutionary algorithm on fiber laser cavity with appropriate precautions. We have experimentally demonstrated for the first time the mode locking of a laser cavity only using the optimization of polarization controllers through an automatic and self-learning procedure. We also have demonstrated that selecting the mode locking from it radio-frequency spectrum allow to select the pulses repetition rate within the cavity. These preliminary results show the promising aspect of our method used in situations of non linear ultrafast dynamics with high complexity which are particularly sensitive to parameters
Nuel, Gavaldà Xavier. "Application d’algorithmes génétiques multi-objectifs et études expérimentales de la durée de vie du faisceau de l’anneau de stockage du synchrotron SOLEIL". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS205/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to the optimization of the nonlinear beam dynamics of synchrotron radiation light sources using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGA-ELEGANT). In the first part the ELEGANT code is benchmarked against TRACY3; then MOGA is tuned and used to find the best settings of quadrupole and sextupole magnets in order to maximize the dynamic and momentum apertures, strongly related with the Touschek lifetime and the injection efficiency respectively. Solutions obtained after one month of computation in the high level computational cluster of SOLEIL using 200 CPUs are analyzed. The improvement of the Touschek lifetime obtained with MOGA is confirmed by the beam-based experiments. The beam lifetime of the SOLEIL storage ring is increased 50-60 % .The second part this PhD work is devoted to study experimentally the beam lifetime of the SOLEIL storage ring to improve the understanding of the beam lifetime and its contributions: the Touschek and gas lifetimes. The beam lifetime is measured in function of important parameters as coupling, horizontal and vertical scrapers, and bunch current. The experimental results are compared with the simulated ones. The Piwinski formula is implemented in the tracking code TRACY3 to replace Bruck approximation. The gas lifetimes were computed using analytical models. This study allows understanding that the composition of the residual gas and the local pressure along all the machine vary significantly between the arcs and the in-vacuum insertion devices: new effective atomic number are obtained. This type of measurement remains difficult to analyze without a large error margin; in-vacuum insertions have a dominant contribution. The shape of the experimental curves is closed to the expected ones and compatible with an effective atomic number of about 7
Gloria, Antoine. "Modélisation et méthodes numériques multi-échelles en élasticité non linéaire". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0710.
Texto completoPineau, Pierre. "Etude numérique de la production et de la propagation d'ondes non linéaires dans les jets supersoniques". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC034/document.
Texto completoNumerical simulations are carried out with the aim of investigating the formation of nonlinear steepened waves at the origin of crackle in the near acoustic field of supersonic jets. In these simulations, the compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved in cylindrical coordinates using high-order low-dissipative and low-dispersive finite difference schemes.Four temporally-developing isothermal round jets are first simulated at Mach numbers of~2 and~3 and at Reynolds numbers ranging from 3,125 to 50,000. Strong acoustic waves containing sharp pressure variations are observed in the vicinity of the jets. Their formation process is described by the computation of conditional averages which are triggered by the detection of strong pressure peaks in the near field. Such steepened waves are then shown to be produced by the supersonic motion of coherent structures inside the jet shear layers.Temperature effects are then investigated by considering five temporal round jets at temperature ratios of 1, 2 and~4 and at acoustic Mach numbers of 2, 2.8 and 4. For a given jet speed, the sound levels produced by the hot jets are lower than those of the isothermal one. However, the properties of the steepened waves they generate are not significantly affected by a rise of temperature. On the contrary, when the Mach number is held constant, pressure levels are higher at high temperature. The skewness and kurtosis factors of pressure fluctuations are also increased, which indicates a strengthening of the asymmetry and the intermittency of the pressure fluctuations. It is likely that the influence of temperature on these waves results from the variations of the convection speed, which is found to significantly increase with temperature at constant Mach number, but to slightly decrease at constant jet speed.Finally, three simulations of spatially-developing axisymmetric, isothermal and hot jets at a Mach number of~2 and at Reynolds numbers of 12500 and 50000 are performed. Strong Mach waves possessing the distinctive features of crackle are visible in the near vicinity of the jets. As observed for temporal simulations, their formations are associated with the supersonic motion of large-scale coherent structures inside the jet shear layers. The far acoustic field is determined using linear as well as nonlinear extrapolation methods. When nonlinear propagation effects are taken into account, a further steepening of the wavefronts is observed with increasing propagation distance
Khanagha, Vahid. "Nouvelles méthodes multi-échelles pour l'analyse non-linéaire de la parole". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821896.
Texto completoColon, Célian. "Modeling economic resilience". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX098.
Texto completoA wide range of climatic and ecological changes are unfolding around us. These changes notably manifest themselves through an increased environmental variability, such as shifts in the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of weather-related extreme events. If human societies cannot mitigate these transformations, to which conditions should they adapt? To many researchers and stakeholders, the answer is resilience. This concept seems to subsume a variety of solutions for dealing with a turbulent and uncertain world. Resilient systems bounce back after unexpected events, learn novel conditions and adapt to them. Theoretical models, however, to explore the links between socioeconomic mechanisms and resilience are still in their infancy. To advance such models, the present dissertation proposes a novel conceptual framework. This framework relies on an interdisciplinary and critical review of ecological and economic studies, and it is based on the theory of dynamical systems and on the paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We identify agent-based models as crucial for socioeconomic modeling. To assess their applicability to the study of resilience, we test at first whether such models can reproduce the bifurcation patterns of predator–prey interactions, which are a very important factor in both ecological and economic systems. The dissertation then tackles one of the main challenges for the design of resilient economic system: the large interconnectedness of production processes, whereby disruption may propagate and amplify. We next investigate the role of delays in production and supply on realistic economic networks, and show that the interplay between time delays and topology may greatly affect a network’s resilience. Finally, we investigate a model that encompasses adaptive responses of agents to shocks, and describes how disruptions propagate even though all firms do their best to mitigate risks. In particular, systemic amplification gets more pronounced when supply chains are fragmented. These theoretical findings are fairly general in character and may thus help the design of novel empirical studies. Through the application of several recent ideas and methods, this dissertation advances knowledge on innovative mathematical objects, such as Boolean delay equations on complex networks and evolutionary dynamics on graphs. Finally, the conceptual models herein open wide perspectives for further theoretical research on economic resilience, especially the study of environmental feedbacks and their impacts on the structural evolution of production networks
Hauret, Patrice. "Méthodes numériques pour la dynamique des structures non-linéaires incompressibles à deux échelles". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000961.
Texto completoGasso, Gilles. "Identification des systèmes dynamiques non-linéaires : approche multi-modèle". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL136N.
Texto completoSalles, Loïc. "Etude de l'usure par fretting sous chargements dynamiques dans les interfaces frottantes : application aux pieds d'aubes de turbomachines". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600613.
Texto completoHu, Wei. "Identification de paramètre basée sur l'optimisation de l'intelligence artificielle et le contrôle de suivi distribué des systèmes multi-agents d'ordre fractionnaire". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0008/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the parameter identification from the viewpoint of optimization and distributed tracking control of fractional-order multi-agent systems (FOMASs) considering time delays, external disturbances, inherent nonlinearity, parameters uncertainties, and heterogeneity under fixed undirected/directed communication topology. Several efficient controllers are designed to achieve the distributed tracking control of FOMASs successfully under different conditions. Several kinds of artificial intelligence optimization algorithms andtheir modified versions are applied to identify the unknown parameters of the FOMASs with high accuracy, fast convergence and strong robustness. It should be noted that this thesis provides a promising link between the artificial intelligence technique and distributed control
Vallet, Anais. "Etude de la balance Excitatiοn/Ιnhibitiοn de régiοns cérébrales impliquées dans une tâche de cοntrôle inhibiteur : mοdélisatiοn de dοnnées οbtenues en Ιmagerie par Résοnance Μagnétique fοnctiοnnelle et inversiοn". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC014.
Texto completoIn psychology, inhibitory control is a cognitive mechanism that stops a motor, emotional orcognitive response from achieving a desired goal. At cerebral level, inhibitory control is associatedwith a network of brain regions, whose function may be measured using BOLD signals from fMRI.Prefrontal control regions lower the BOLD activity of target regions. fMRI provides an indirectmeasure of the activity of neurons. How can we then infer from fMRI data, neural excitatory andinhibitory (E/I) properties of brain regions involved in an inhibitory control task ?We start with a non-linear biophysical model that describes by region the temporal evolutionof neural excitatory and inhibitory activities (Naskar et al., 2021). These variations in activityproduce BOLD changes in each brain region. Analysis of this model enables us to : 1) identifyneural parameters of the E/I balance ; 2) show that increasing the BOLD activity of a controlregion does not lower the BOLD activity of a target region, since these regions are connected bytheir excitatory neurons only ; 3) propose a new connectivity architecture to enable this ; 4) studyhow the lowering of activity in the target region depends on the E/I balance in the target region.We then propose a new inversion procedure. We check its reliability through simulations, beforepresenting a proof-of-concept using real data from a subject during a Think/No-Think task, aparadigm used for studying the inhibitory control of memory intrusions (Mary et al., 2020)
Huang, Xingrong. "Optimization of dynamic behavior of assembled structures based on generalized modal synthesis". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC038/document.
Texto completoNoise and vibration are important topics in the automotive industry for several reasons, including passenger comfort and structural integrity. The main objective of this thesis is to propose a series of appropriate methods to optimize structural system characteristics, so that the vibration and noise can be reduced. To achieve this goal, interface control strategies are employed, including bonding viscoelastic layers onto the most heavily deformed zones and introducing frictional damping devices calibrated on certain resonance frequencies. Such built-up structural systems are numerically investigated via a generalized modal synthesis approach that incorporates several groups of modes. The employed modal synthesis approach consists of several levels of condensation. The first one is on the internal degrees of freedoms (DOFs) of each substructure, and the second condensation is on the branch modes so as to reduce the boundary DOFs among substructures. For coupled fluid-structural systems, a third condensation on the fluid DOFs is suggested. With these condensation techniques, the system dimension can be significantly reduced. The method allows us to obtain the forced response of the structures as well as the pressure variation of the fluids. Additionally, modal parameters characterizing vibration and noise transmission paths can be deduced as mid-stage results. We show that these modal parameters can be used as optimization objective during the interface configuration design. The Pareto front of the optimal design is achieved by employing Kriging approximations followed with an elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm. Another advantage of the modal approach is that a modal overview on the system characteristics is provided by analyzing the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and the aforementioned modal parameters. The modal synthesis approach is further extended to study nonlinear systems. The basic assumption is that the nonlinear modes are weakly coupled. Nonlinear modal parameters, such as modal frequency and modal damping ratio, contain the essential nonlinear information and depend on modal amplitude. The main idea is to compute nonlinear normal modes according to their modal amplitude and superimpose the response of several nonlinear modes to obtain the overall forced response. The method is applied to systems involving Duffing and dry friction nonlinearities. In the case of dry friction, a generalized Masing model is considered to capture the dry friction nature. Both complex modes and real modes are used in the modal synthesis, leading to different frictional damping terms. We show that the nonlinear modal synthesis combined with the generalized Masing model yields a simple, fast and efficient numerical method to describe nonlinear performance of structures with dry friction
Zhang, Qindan. "Écoulements polyphasiques et phénomènes interfaciaux à multi échelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0110.
Texto completoMultiphase flows and interfacial phenomena are widely involved in the natural world, our daily life, and numerous industrial processes. By employing three different techniques including a high-speed camera, an ultra-high-speed Direct Current (DC) electrical device, and a high-speed micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (micro-PIV), the multiphase flows and interfacial phenomena at multiscale were investigated experimentally by both passive and active methods. The flow behaviors of the elastic non-Newtonian two-phase flow in both T-junction and flow-focusing devices were investigated. The fluid elasticity affected the dynamics of droplet formation, stretching and breakup. During the droplet formation, the peculiar beads-on-string flow was observed. The influences of the fluid elasticity on the minimum neck width, the maximum length of the dispersed thread and the droplet size were studied. The predicting models for the droplet size were optimized by introducing the dimensionless parameters to characterize the fluid elasticity. For the stretching and breakup of elastic droplets, the influences of elasticity on the transition from droplet stretching to breakup, the dynamics of droplet stretching and breakup as well as the size ratio of the daughter droplets were also investigated. The power-law models were proposed to predict the maximum stretching length. Subsequently, the initial coalescence of a pendant drop at a liquid surface and the initial spreading on a solid surface were investigated. The ultra-high-speed DC electrical device with the sampling speed of 1.25×106 Hz allows to monitoring the dynamics of coalescence and spreading within 10 µs. The coalescing width expands linearly with time in the inertially limited viscous regime and follows a power law in the inertial regime. The evolutions of the velocity fields during the initial coalescence and spreading were measured and computed by the high-speed micro-PIV with a capturing rate up to 5000 velocity fields per second, revealing the transformation of surface energy to kinetic energy. Besides, the consecutive electrical peaks with a regular interval of 20 ms were observed during the filament thinning of the polymer liquid neck. In addition, the active manipulation of the ferrofluid drop was realized by introducing an external magnetic field. Evident deformations of both the pendant ferrofluid drop and the bulk surface were observed prior to the contact even in the absence of a magnetic field. The exponential laws were proposed to predict the increasing coalescing width with time and the decreasing maximum coalescing width with the magnetic field. A high-speed micro-PIV technique was employed with a transparent model fluid to reveal the flow fields during the ferrofluid drop coalescence. The self-sustained coalescence-breakup cycles of ferrofluid drops were observed for the first time. The exponential model was proposed to predict the increasing periodic frequency with the applied magnetic field
Collell, Julien. "Analyse multi-échelles du transport d'hydrocarbures au sein d'un schiste non-saturé". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3011/document.
Texto completoHydrocarbons production from shales has been of growing industrial and scientific interest for the last fifteen years. The different kinds of shale resources represent huge quantities around the world and may durably change the energy market, as for example in the US. However, the recovery process remains critical and may drastically impact the profitability of these resources. In shales, the majority of the fluids are contained in micrometered nodules of organic matter : the kerogen, which acts as source rock and as reservoir for the oil and gas. The aim of the PhD thesis is to study the kerogen and the petroleum fluids contained in shales, by molecular simulations. For this purpose, Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations with existing molecular simulation softwares and in-house codes have been used. The first part of the work has been dedicated to the construction of molecular models mimicking shales organic matter (kerogen and embedded fluids), based on analytical data. From these models, 3D structures have been generated under typical reservoir conditions. Agreements with available experimental results have been found on volumetric, storage, transport and mechanical properties. Then, we have focused our efforts on the adsorption and diffusion of hydrocarbon mixtures in such materials. Molecular simulations have been performed to provide both pseudo-experimental and reference data. On storage properties, a theoretical model which accounts for multicomponent adsorption of super-critical (dry gas) and sub-critical (condensate gas, light oil) mixtures has been developed and validated. On transport properties, the mechanisms governing hydrocarbon mass transfer have been identified and a model has been proposed which describes the dependence of mixture diffusion coefficients with thermodynamic conditions (composition, pressure and temperature)
Rebufa, Jocelyn. "Vibrations de ligne d'arbre sur paliers hydrodynamiques : influence de l'état de surface". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC044/document.
Texto completoThe hydrodynamic bearing provides good damping properties in rotating machineries. However, the performances of rotor-bearings systems are highly impacted by nonlinear effects that are difficult to analyze. The rotordynamics prediction requires advanced models for the flow in the bearings. The surface of the bearings seems to have a strong impact on the lubricant flow, acting on the static and dynamic properties of the rotating parts. This study aims to enhance the simulation of the bearings’ surface state effect on the motion of the rotating shaft. The flexible shaft interacts with textured hydrodynamic bearings. Multi-scales homogenization is used in a multi-physics algorithm in order to describe the fluid-structure interaction. Different models are used to account for the cavitation phenomenon in the bearings. Nonlinear harmonic methods allow efficient parametric studies of periodic solutions as well as their stability. Moreover, a test rig has been designed to compare predictions to real measurements. Several textured shaft samples modified with femto-seconds LASER surface texturing are tested. In most cases the experimental study showed similar results than the simulation. Enhancements of the vibration behaviors of the rotor-bearing system have been revealed for certain texturing patterns. The self-excited vibration, also known as "oil whirl" phenomenon, is stabilized on a wide rotating frequency range. However, the simulation tool does not predict well the enhancements that are observed. Vortices in surface texturing patterns have been revealed numerically with Navier-Stokes equation resolution. These results are opposed to the classical lubrication hypothesis. It is also a possible explanation of the enhancements that are experimentally measured with textured bearings
Loverini, Corinne. "Identification de systèmes dynamiques non-linéaires à l'aide de représentations multi-modèles". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL041N.
Texto completoThe problem of system modelling is classical for process control. The aim is to present, with an optimal accuracy, the system behaviour. In general, real processes are non linear, multi-variables and time-varying parameters. It is therefore quite difficult to geta global system representation so that it is valid for any operating regime. The multi-models approach is based on the design of several quite simple models, called local models. Each local model is valid for a given operating point and around this point in a region of the operating domain defined within a weight function. These local models are further integrated using a weight expression in order to get an algebraic expression. This expression links the process inputs and outputs so that a global description is obtained. Many multi-model structures can be defined in order to describe the actual behaviour of more complex processes but, whatever the strategy is, the main problem relies on the increasing number of parameters to be identified. That is why, we develop a multi-model structure called "Hammerstein generalisé" (generalized Hammerstein) that allows us to get a smaller (in the number of parameters sense) representation of a given process. Such a multi-models structure depends , m parameter within non linear functions and we propose accordingly algorithms in order to estimate such parameters. In particular, we develop an iterative global method based upon sensitivity functions so that ail the model parameters are obtained: the parameters of the weight functions, of the local models and of the dynamic part. The previous global estimation method is applied on a multi-variables activated sludge process. We then compare the performances and the robustness of the developed identification algorithm on a simulated example. Finally, an esearch of the optimal multi-model structure of the process is performed with the search of the more significant inputs of the process behaviour, the optimal number of local models but also of the order of the dynamic model based on an extension of statistical tools already available for linear models
Lopez, Cédric. "Méthodes d'optimisation des trains d'atterrissage d'hélicoptère". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003600.
Texto completoLaxalde, Denis. "Etude d'amortisseurs non-linéaires appliqués aux roues aubagées et aux systèmes multi-étages". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/dlaxalde.pdf.
Texto completoThis study dealswith non-linear damping solutions for turbomachinery bladed disks. Structural dynamics is a major issue in the aircraft engine industry since vibratory phenomena are responsible for fatigue and failure risks. The use of damping technologies is quite common and among these, the friction devices are probably the most popular. Here, we are interested in circular friction dampers, called rings, for single piece structures. Numerical methods have been developed in this view; these are mainly non-linear frequency domain methods adapted to cyclic structures such as the ones we are interested in. The modelling of contact interfaces and its influence on these methods are also addressed. Furthermore, a modal approach to deal with non-linear system is proposed. It makes it possible to calculate the modal parameters (eigenfrequency and modal damping ratio) of a non-linear systemas a function of its energy (or vibratory amplitude). This method has several advantages among which the capabilities to evaluate directly the performances of a damping device and to address several types of dynamical responses (forced or free) in a unified manner. These methods are then applied to study two types of damping devices. First, the damping of friction rings for single piece structures is investigated numerically on industrial case studies. The phenomenological aspects are described in details which allows the performances and limits of this technology to be estimated. Second, a study of energy pumping is proposed. Energy pumping consists in using a small, strongly non-linear, vibration absorber for the damping of a main (generally linear) structure. Here, the use of an absorber with hysteretic behaviour is investigated. Illustrated on a simple phenomenological system, the energy pumping phenomena– that is to say, an irreversible one-way energy transfer from the main system to the absorber – are studied by means of dedicated umerical methods. Apart from the damping issues, we were also interested in the modelling and analysis of multi-stage bladed disks systems. This issue is quite new but tends to become a major one for the design of turbomachinery. In particular, existing methods to analyse the dynamics of such systems are currently of limited use. An original and efficient modelling approach ofmulti-stage cyclic symmetry is here proposed; a multi-stage assembly of cyclic structures can be modelled using one elementary sector of each stage and analysis can be performed on separated spatial harmonics. A non-linear application of this method is also proposed. Finally, the first results of an experimental study of damping using friction rings are presented. The test rig, its design and associated technological features are presented in details. Following some experimental results obtained during the preliminary studies, a comparison with predictions fromnumerical simulations is proposed
Rasoulzadeh, Mojdeh. "Modèles non locaux des écoulements en milieux poreux et fracturés multi-échelles". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL025N/document.
Texto completoThe thesis concerns the models of flow in multiscale fractured media which prove the memory effect at each scale. The analyzed process in these media is self-similar. The necessary and sufficient condition of self-similarity has been proposed so that it is possible to analyze the behavior of media for any number of scales. We analyzed the diffusion equation at each scale and applied the asymptotic homogenization method with the objective to construct the macroscopic model averaged over all scales of heterogeneity. A system of closed recurrent equations for the effective exchange kernels was obtained. The procedure of analytico-numerical solution of this system was developed. We showed a convergence of the results obtained for various numbers of scales to a stable limit behavior. The limit problem for the effective kernels from the recurrent equations obtained for a relatively large number of scales. In addition we analyzed the flow in a single fracture and circular channel immersed in porous reservoir at various Reynolds numbers. The Navier-Stokes equations was solved by the method of two-scale asymptotic method with the objective to obtain the flow equation averaged over the fracture aperture in the presence of inflow through the limits and irregular geometry of walls
Veys, Stéphane. "Un Framework de calcul pour la méthode des bases réduites : applications à des problèmes non-linéaire multi-physiques". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM069/document.
Texto completoToday, in many fields of applications, more and more engineering problems require to have an accurate and efficient evaluation of quantities of interest.Often, these quantities depend on a partial differential equation (PDE) parameterized solution -- physical or geometrical -- are the model inputs and the quantities of interest -- average values -- are the outputs.The order reduction techniques, including reduced basis method which is the method used throughout this work, can meet these demands.In this thesis, we focus on the establishment of a framework in C ++ supporting parallel computing, which applies the reduced basis method to nonlinear multiphysics problems such as problems with natural convection (fluid-thermal coupling) or the high field resistive magnet modeling (we limit ourselves to thermo-electric coupling) leading to a study on the uncertainty quantification.The reduced basis method naturally relies on an approximation obtained using the finite element discretization of the problem being treated. For this, we use the Feel ++ computation library specialized in PDE resolution.We are also interested by multiscale problems.The particularity of these problems is to manipulate a set of phenomena involving different scales, as this is the case for example when we consider a flow in porous media.The multiscale finite element method allows having a "global" behavior, linked with large scales, of the problem solution without solving it on small scales.We propose a new construction of multiscale finite element basis functions based on the reduced basis method
Boutilier, Miranda. "Décomposition de domaine et méthodes numériques multi-échelles pour la modélisation des crues urbaines". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5042.
Texto completoThe work of this thesis is dedicated to the simulation and numerical analysis of urban flood problems.While urban flooding caused by exceptional rainfall is particularly devastating in terms of economic and human damage, numerical modeling can be used to predict, anticipate and control such events.From the numerical perspective, the major challenge comes from a large contrast between a typical size of the simulation domain (10-100km) and the size of the relevant structural features, which have to be represented at metric or infra-metric scales. This thesis addresses the multi-scale character of the urban flows by means of Domain Decomposition (DD) and Multi-scale (Ms) numerical methods.The first part of the thesis focuses on linear diffusion problems posed in domains containing a large number of polygonal perforations representing realistic structures in urban areas. We propose a low-dimensional coarse approximation space based on a coarse polygonal partitioning of the domain. Similarly to other multiscale numerical methods, this coarse space is spanned by locally discrete harmonic basis functions. The main theoretical contribution of this part is an error estimate regarding the H¹-projection over the coarse space; this error estimate is independent of the global regularity of the solution, which is expected to be low due to multiple corner singularities.Additionally, this part numerically explores the combination of the coarse space with overlapping Schwarz domain decomposition methods. This combination leads to an efficient two-level iterative linear solver and preconditioner for a Krylov method.The second part of the thesis extends our methodology to nonlinear urban flow models. That is, we design DD and Ms methods to numerically solve the Diffusive Wave equation, which is obtained from Shallow Water systems by neglecting inertia terms. We show that the two-level preconditioner previously designed for linear diffusion problems performs well on the linearized Diffusive Wave model which arises at each iteration of Newton's method. Furthermore, we present nonlinear preconditioning techniques, including one and two-level RASPEN, which significantly reduce iteration counts when compared to Newton's method. These nonlinear preconditioning techniques use the coarse space to form robust two-level methods. Numerical experiments are conducted, with the main example being the numerical solution of the Diffusive Wave equation on a large urban area of Nice, France.In the last part of the thesis, for nonlinear elliptic PDEs, we investigate a multi-scale method that combines tools from the classical Multi-scale Finite Element Method and Machine Learning. Our approach is based on the approximate substructured formulation in which the traces of the unknown function belong to a coarse finite element space. The substructured problem is solved by Newton's method, using local Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) operators at each iteration. In order to reduce the computational cost associated with the evaluation of DtN operators, the latter are replaced by approximate models built on the basis of artificial neural networks.Numerical experiments on nonlinear p-Laplace and degenerate scattering problems in 1D and 2D show promising results. With only a few training points per dimension of the DtN operator domain, the approximate model achieves an accuracy of a few percent
Lougou, Komla Gaboutou. "Méthodes multi-échelles pour la modélisation des vibrations de structures à matériaux composites viscoélastiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0044/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, multiscale homogenization techniques are proposed for vibration analysis of structures with viscoelastic composite materials. In the first part, the Double Scale Asymptotic Method is proposed for vibration modeling of large repetitive viscoelastic sandwich structures. For this kind of structures, la eigenfrequencies are closely located in well separated packets. The DSAM splits the initial problem of large size into two problems of relatively small sizes. The first problem is posed on few basic cells, and the second one is an amplitude equation with complex coefficients. The resolution of these equations permits to compute the damping properties that correspond to the beginning and the end of every packets of eigenmodes. In case of structure with frequency dependent Young modulus in the core, the diamant approach is used to solve the nonlinear problem posed on basic cells. The ADF and fractional derivative models are considered in numerical tests. By using the DSAM, one avoid the discretization of the whole structure, and the computation time and needed CPU memory are thus reduced. The proposed method is validated by comparing its results with those of the direct finite element method using the diamant approach. In the second part of this thesis, the multiscale finite element method (FE2) is proposed for computation of modal properties (resonant frequency and modal loss factors) of structures with composite materials. In the principle of the (FE2) method, the vibration problem is formulated at two scales: the scale of the whole structure (macroscopic scale) and the scale of a Representative Volume Element (RVE) considered as the microscopic scale. The microscopic problem is a nonlinear one and the macroscopic problem is linear. The nonlinearity at the microscopic scale is introduced by the frequency dependence of the Young modulus of the viscoelastic phases. This nonlinear problem is solved by the Asymptotic Numerical Method and its automatic differentiation tools realizable in Matlab, Fortran or C++. From this approach, numerical tool that is generic, flexible, robust and inexpensive in term of CPU time and memory is proposed for vibration analysis of viscoelastic structures. The constant Young modulus and frequency dependent Young modulus are considered in validation tests. The results of numerical simulation with ABAQUS are used are reference. The model is then used to compute the modal properties of sandwich structure with viscoelastic composite core. To test the capacities of the proposed approach to design sandwich viscoelastic structure with high damping properties, the influence of parameters of the inclusions are studied
Del, Masto Alessandra. "Transition d’échelle entre fibre végétale et composite UD : propagation de la variabilité et des non-linéarités". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD022/document.
Texto completoAlthough plant-fiber reinforced composites (PFCs) represent an attractive solution for the design of lightweight, high performance and low environmental cost structures, their development requires in-depth studies of the mechanisms underlying their nonlinear tensile behavior, as well as variability of mechanical properties. Given their multi-scale nature, this thesis aims to contribute, using a numerical approach, to the study of the propagation of behavior across the scales of PFCs. Firstly, the study focuses on the fiber scale: a 3D model of the behavior of the wall is first implemented in an EF calculation, in order to establish the influence of fiber morphology on the tensile behavior. Once the non-negligible impact of the morphology has been determined, a study of the links between morphology, material and ultrastructure and tensile behavior is conducted via a sensitivity analysis in the case of flax and hemp. The second part of the work is dedicated to the composite ply scale. A new stochastic multi-scale approach is developed and implemented. It is based on the definition of an elementary volume (VE) with random microstructure to describe the behavior of the ply. The approach is then used to study the sensitivity of VE behavior to nano, micro and mesoscopic parameters. Sensitivity analysis, conducted via the development of the response on the basis of polynomial chaos, allows us to construct a metamodel of the tensile behavior of the ply
Adama, Maiga Mahamadou. "Modèles multi-bulles pour la cavitation : Équation d'évolution pour la pression". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10092/document.
Texto completoThis thesis work concems the modelling of cavitation, a phenomenon by which almost empty bubbles are formed in a liquid in depression. The study of cavitation gave several models in literature almost all of these models disregard the interactions between the bubbles and the rise of pressure which results in certain phases of the evolution of the cavitation, as observed in experiments by Franc et al. (1995) and Ohl (2002). ln our work, we propose a new evolution model in the size of the bubbles, in which two non-identical bubbles are localized in a controlled expansion volume. The presence of two bubbles introduces an instability in which the exchange of void seems to be an additional degree of autonomy. Our model includes the possibility for many small bubbles to disappear or not depending on whether there is lower or not than the critical radius. According to the model, there can be many collapses of small bubbles as soon as the phenomenon of cavitation appears which is in accordance with the experimental observation of a noise in the appearance zone of Buogo et al (2002). The model reveals the pressure as an unknown factor of the problem for which we have highlighted an independent evolution equation of that density. The comparison of the size of the bubbles and the pressure depending on the time obtained with the model is in accordance with the measurements carried out in 2002
Patiño, Diego. "Pilotage des cycles limites dans les systèmes dynamiques hybrides : application aux alimentations électriques statiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL013N.
Texto completoThis work deals with limit cycle control for one particular class of hybrid dynamical systems (HDS): The cyclic switched systems. The HDS were born because the traditional dynamical models were not able to describe complex behaviors and most of all, behaviors with discontinuities. From an application point of view, one important class of HDS depicts a cyclic behavior in steady state. The main characteristic of these systems is that the operation point cannot be maintained: It does not exist a control that maintains the system on a desired operation point. However, this point can be obtained in average by turning into its neighborhood. Thus, a cycle is produced by switching among the system modes. A switched control law must satisfy stability and dynamic performance. Moreover, criteria related to the waveform must be verified. Nowadays, few methods take into account the cyclic behavior of the system. In this research, some generic methods are studied. They show good performance for controlling the cyclic switched systems. The proposed algorithms can be implemented in real-time. The approaches are based on an affine non-linear model of the system whose control explicitly appears. Two control methods are considered: i) A predictive control, ii) An optimal control. Since the predictive control is a good choice for tracking, it will be able to maintain the system in a cycle. The optimal control yields solutions that can be applied to the transients. Some experiments with both control methods applied to the power converters are shown. These tests were carried out not only in our laboratory (CRAN), but also in other laboratories as part of the HYCON excellence network
Monteiro, Eric. "Contributions aux méthodes numériques pour traiter les non linéarités et les discontinuités dans les matériaux hétérogènes". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601050.
Texto completoBillon, Laure. "Génération et adaptation de maillage volume-couche limite dynamique pour les écoulements turbulents autour de géométries complexes". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM077/document.
Texto completoNumerical simulation of turbulent aerodynamics flows remains challenging. Such fluid-structure interaction problem involves generally a thin layer close to the wall where the fluid is slow down, called boundary layer. This latter requires a carefull study of the boundary layer since it is crucial regarding the accuracyof the complete flow computation. Therefore, a fine and structured mesh is needed close to the wall. In this work, we propose a novel automatic procedure to build a correct boundary layer mesh according to the theory and the flow parameters. Moreover, in order to describe exactly the behaviour of the flow on the whole domain, the boundary layer mesh is combined with a dynamic mesh adaptation method.It follows an advanced version of the edge based mesh adaptation method. Combined together, they ensure a fine and structured mesh in the boundarylayer while all the flow vortices are accurately resolved. This new method, called boundary-volume mesh adaptation, has been validated on several 2D and 3Dtest cases with complex geometries. Results emphasises the capacity ofthe approach and offer opportunities of improvement for numerical fluid mechanics mesh adaptation