Tesis sobre el tema "Dynamique moléculaire non adiabatiques"
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Posenitskiy, Evgeny. "Dynamique moléculaire non-adiabatique des complexes de type PAH". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30080.
Texto completoPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proposed as main carriers of diffuse interstellar bands that are observed in the interstellar medium. This has motivated an extensive study of their photophysical and photochemical response to UV irradiation. Underlying competing mechanisms drive the evolution of gas in the interstellar medium. The main objective of this thesis is to describe and to get theoretical insight in the energy relaxation mechanisms in large PAH molecules via extensive non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations coupled to the linear response Time-Dependent Density Functional based Tight Binding (TD-DFTB) approach of the excited states. Prerequisite substantial development was made in the DFTB deMon-Nano package (http://demon-nano.ups-tlse.fr), firstly with the implementation of analytical gradients of potential energy surfaces (PESs) and of non-adiabatic couplings within the TD-DFTB scheme. Next, the Tully's fewest-switches trajectory surface hopping (FSSH) algorithm has been adapted and coupled to the TD-DFTB scheme in order to take into account non-adiabatic transitions. After detailed methodological considerations and comparison with higher-level electronic structure methods, the first full-scale application is dedicated to non-adiabatic molecular dynamics of linearly cata-condensed PAHs. Electronic relaxation from the brightest excited state has been simulated for neutral polyacenes with 2 to 7 aromatic cycles. The results display a striking alternation in decay times of the brightest singlet state computed for polyacenes with up to 6 aromatic cycles, which is correlated with a qualitatively similar alternation of energy gaps between the brightest state and the state lying just below in energy. Next, the influence of geometry on relaxation has been investigated through the comparison of two isomers: armchair-edge chrysene versus zigzag-edge tetracene. After assessing the performance of DFTB parameter sets, the main focus is given to the analysis of the electronic relaxation from the brightest excited state, which is located around 270 nm for both isomers. The results show that the electronic population of the brightest excited state in chrysene decays an order-of-magnitude faster than that in tetracene. This is correlated with a significant difference in energy gaps between the brightest state and the state lying just below in energy, which is consistent with the previous conclusions for polyacenes. A last major development concerns the use of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms that have been proposed as a way to avoid most of the computationally-demanding electronic structure calculations. It aims to assess the performance of neural networks algorithms applied to excited-state dynamics. Electronic relaxation in neutral phenanthrene has been chosen as a test case due to the diversity of available experimental results. Several neural networks have been trained with different parameters and their respective accuracy and efficiency analyzed. In addition, approximate trajectory surface hopping schemes have been interfaced to ML-based PESs and gradients, resulting in non-adiabatic dynamics simulations at a negligible cost. Various simplified hopping approaches have been compared with FSSH. Overall, ML is found to be a highly promising tool for nanosecond-long molecular dynamics in excited states. This PhD research opens new avenues to investigate theoretical photophysics of large molecular complexes. Last but not least, the theoretical tools developed and implemented in deMon-Nano in a modular way can be further combined with other advanced (such as Configuration Interaction) DFTB techniques better adapted to charge-transfer states
Gonon, Benjamin. "Simulations quantiques non-adiabatiques d’un photo-interrupteur moléculaire vers un dialogue expérience-théorie". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT186/document.
Texto completoThis thesis adresses the study and control of the photo-reactivity of molecular switches, here the photo-isomerisation of spiropyrans. This theoretical work has been achieved in close collaboration with the experimental team PFL within the ICB in Dijon. Non-adiabatic quantum dynamics simulations were carried out so as to reproduce and rationalise the experimental results from time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. Such experiments have demonstrated ultra-fast photo-reactivity (~ 100 fs) following excitation by an ultra-short LASER pulse. It is interpreted as an internal conversion mechanism between the first singlet excited eletronic state and the ground state via a conical intersection. The theoretical study used the ring-opening reaction of benzopyran as a model. Developments were made regarding: (1) The exploration of the reaction mechanism and the computation of potential energy surfaces with perturbative, post-CASSCF quantum chemistry methods (XMCQDPT2). This investigation showed that results changed significantly compared to those reported in the literature with lower-level calculations. (2) The generation of a diabatic Hamiltonian based on ab initio XMCQDPT2 data. Owing to the significant anharmonicity in the ground electronic state, we designed a new effective approach, quite different from the previous studies. (3) The production of non-adiabatic quantum dynamics simulations using the MCTDH method. The results thus obtained are in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. Including explicitly the LASER pulse allowed us to reproduce and rationalise the action of pulse shaping on control observed in experiments. The present work thus made possible the succesful implementation of a theoretical/experimental collaboration
Zanuttini, David. "Modélisation des molécules alcalines M2+ immergées dans des agrégats de néon: Structures, propriétés spectroscopiques, dynamiques non-adiabatiques". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446483.
Texto completoZanuttini, David. "Simulation des molécules de métaux alcalins M2+ immergées dans des agrégats de néon : Structures, propriétés spectroscopiques, dynamiques non-adiabatiques". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2053.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study the properties of M2+ alkali molecules embedded in neon clusters, by means of numerical simulations. We developped a comprehensive approach in which the electronic structure determination is reduced to a one-electron problem. The electron evolves in a potential modelled by semi-local core polarization potentials. Their parametrization was completed after we performed ab initio calculations of the potential energy curves of MNe and M+Ne dimers. We carry out a classical molecular dynamic, including a nonadiabatic coupling treatment, by means of a surface hopping algorithm. We found equilibrium geometries of the M2+Nen systems, up to the first solvation shell of the molecule. We deduced the static properties of these systems, investigating binding energies, equilibrium distances and optical absorption spectra. Then, we studied the dynamics of these systems, initially promoted to an excited state. We established that photofragmentation yield highly depends on the number of neon atoms and on electronic transition ordering. We observed a cage effect for M2+Nen systems for n>18. We also performed analysis of product fragment distribution, stabilized molecular states and electronic charge localization in asymmetrical systems
Marciniak, Alexandre. "Dynamique électronique femtoseconde et sub-femtoseconde d’édifices moléculaires complexes super-excités". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1181/document.
Texto completoElectron correlation in a molecule is one of the main difficulties of the N-bodies problem. One mean to enhance multielectronic effects is to use extreme ultraviolet light (XUV) in order to ionize inner-valence electrons of complex polyatomic systems. Thus, the produced cationic states result from a higher order photo-excitation processes (such as “2-hole, 1particle”) and their dynamics lead to considerations out of the frame of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Recent developments in ultrafast science concerning the XUV ultrashort pulses sources, produced by high harmonic generation (HHG), allow studying these mechanisms from the hundreds of femtoseconds (1 fs = 10-15 s) timescale up to the attosecond (1 as = 10-18 s) timescale.During this thesis I have firstly studied the static response of carboneous and biological molecules to a multi-photonic infrared (IR) femtosecond excitation thanks to a velocity map imaging spectrometer (VMIS). Then, through a multi-scale approach, I have investigated, in these complex systems, the dynamics induced by XUV femtosecond and attosecond pulses. I have especially studied, in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), the evolution of highly excited cationic states and the effect of the molecular potential during the photoionization process, thanks to a XUV-pump IR-probe spectroscopy scheme coupled to a VMIS. Finally, I have examined the role of the ultrafast charge dynamics induced by XUV photo-ionization on fragmentation mechanisms in the caffeine biomolecule. The observed processes are entire part of a multi-scale approach of the ultrafast molecular physics and allow a better understanding of the implication of multielectronic effects and non-adiabatic couplings in complex polyatomic systems
Mansour, Ritam. "Nonadiabatic photoprocesses in nucleic acid fragments and other biologically active chromophores". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0299.
Texto completoInternal conversion (IC) is fundamental for photoprotection mechanisms in DNA and the development of more efficient photothermal materials and molecular heaters. This thesis focuses on small nitrogenated hetero-bicyclic molecules, particularly nucleic acid fragments and azaindole, whose several aspects of their internal conversion are still unclear. Adenine and its nucleoside adenosine are good examples to investigate those features. To assess how temperature affects their excited-state lifetime, we simulated the nonadiabatic dynamics of both molecules at 0 K and 400 K. We show that vibrational energy redistribution is the key behind the slower IC rate for adenosine at 0 K, while adenine is barely affected by changes in the temperature. We comparatively investigated how the intramolecular hydrogen bond impacts the excited-state deactivation of adenosine in the gas phase by simulating the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics for two conformers, with and without such a hydrogen bond. The results show that the hydrogen bond accelerates the IC rate, still dominated by puckered S1/S0 state crossings. Finally, we investigate how tautomerization affects the internal conversion of protonated azaindole. Our dynamics simulations revealed why the experimental S3 lifetime of protonated 7-azaindole is about ten times longer than its isomer, protonated 6-azaindole
Rabli, Djamal. "Extension de la méthode du potentiel modèle pour traiter la dynamique des systèmes moléculaires à couches ouvertes : applications : au transfert de charge dans les collisions entre Si3+ et He et entre He2+ et He métastable, à la détermination des potentiels adiabatiques Li2". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066564.
Texto completoJulien, Jérôme. "Application des trajectoires quantiques Bohmiennes à la dynamique de processus dissociatifs non-adiabatiques". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011432.
Texto completoen jeu dans les équations. Dans cette thèse nous présentons des approximations permettant de propager les trajectoires quantiques sans instabilités numériques. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux systèmes constitués de plusieurs états électroniques couplés. D'une part, nous développons une approximation semi-classique qui découple partiellement la propagation des trajectoires des transitions
inter-états. D'autre part, nous appliquons aux systèmes à plusieurs états une reformulation des équations hydrodynamiques en termes de dérivées spatiales. Dans les deux cas, le formalisme est établi puis appliqué numériquement à des processus modèles.
Sugny, Dominique. "Théorie des Perturbations Canonique et Dynamique Moléculaire Non-Linéaire". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005074.
Texto completoHoyet, Hervé. "Modélisation de la dynamique non linéaire de la molécule d'acide désoxyribonucléique". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS030.
Texto completoLefebvre, Catherine. "Stratégies de contrôle laser de la dynamique moléculaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25791/25791.pdf.
Texto completoGiglio, Eric. "Dynamique moléculaire dans les agrégats métalliques fortement excités: Approche semiclassique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003663.
Texto completoLedauphin, Valérie. "Simulation par dynamique moléculaire d'une bicouche lipidique : développement d'une stratégie de calcul des interactions non liées : potentiel tronqué adapté aux systèmes non sphériques". Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-473.pdf.
Texto completoSmail, Rachid. "Comportement viscoélastique linéaire et non linéaire en cisaillement de fractions de polystyrène : prévisions de quelques modèles issus de la dynamique moléculaire". Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET4007.
Texto completoPozo, Oliver. "Étude de la réponse au cisaillement d'un milieu granulaire humide non-saturé". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4026.
Texto completoThis work is an experimental study of the effects of moisture on the response of a granular medium to shear. The shear stress changes from a ”noisy” behavior to a ”stick-slip” behavior, to the ”noisy” behavior again when the water content increases in the granular medium. A study of the maxima and of the amplitude of fluctuations of the shear stress was made, in order to analyze the static and dynamic states during shearing. The increase of the average value of the maxima in shear stress as a function of the water content agrees with the model of Halsey and Levine in the static case. In the dynamic case, the study of the amplitude of the fluctuations of the shear stress reveals three states corresponding to increasing levels of humidity in the surrounding atmosphere : a granular state, a correlated state and a viscoplastic state (terminology introduced by Tegzes). A model of cohesion was studied numerically with the molecular dynamics method on a two-dimensional system; this model allows us to get insights into the dynamics of the shearing band. We also showed experimentally that moisture has not only spacial effects but also temporal effects (ageing) on the sheared granular medium
Sanzharov, Nikolay. "Etude de la dynamique interne des molécules pyramidales non planes dans les états vibrationnels très excités". Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS020.
Texto completoFrom the U (p+1) formalism, we built a Hamiltonian adapted to the stretching modes of non-planar XY3 molecules having the C3v group of geometrical invariance. This Hamiltonian is then coupled with two possible Hamiltonians describing the bending modes of these molecular system: a) based on the U (p+1) approach, a bending Hamiltonian is developed and the interaction between the bending and the stretching modes is taking into account through adapted 2:1 resonance coupling operator defined as a Us(4) x Ub(4) enveloping algebra operator ; b) based on the standard normal modes formalism, a bending modes Hamiltonian is expanded and the 2:1 interaction is taken into account as a tensorial product of a Us(4) operator with a standard normal one for the bending. These formalisms are then apply to stibine, phosphine and arsine molecules and compare with previous studies. The quantum number of polyad allows perform a computer modelling of the problem particularly for the process of Hamiltonian matrix diagonalization. The numerical codes and computering processes are explained in this thesis work. The entire thesis is in French with an equivalent translation in Russian
Pansanel, Jérôme. "Tectonique moléculaire : conception, synthèse et étude structurale de réseaux moléculaires non-convalents". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13145.
Texto completoThis work presents the conception, the synthesis and the structural study of molecular networks, following the concepts of molecular tectonics. The research area, based on the supramolecular chemistry, deals with the construction of infinite architectures, upon self-assembly of active bricks (tectons), through non-covalent bonds. In order to prepare such networks, two strategies have been used. In a first part, with a view to realise one-dimensional networks, stabilised by van der Waals interactions, the conception and preparation of new tectons, composed of two divergent cavities (derivatives of calix[4]arene) linked with an organic or metallic bridge, are presented. Then, with the aim of associate these tectons with an organic connector, some trials and results are presented. In a second part, we present the synthesis of two families of tectons, for the purpose of associate these organic ligands by coordination bonds. First, we present the preparation of triphenylmethane derivatives, and their use to prepare a 3-D network, by the coordination with Ag+ cation. Secondly, we describe the synthesis of new bis-monodentate tectons based on nicotinoyl or isonicotinoyl units. At the end, we present forth the results of the linking of this tectons with transition metals, who leads to the formation of a finite complex molecule (mettalamacrocycle) and one- or two-dimensional coordination networks
Richer, Dominic. "Transitions non-adiabatiques et dynamique de dissociation au-dessus du seuil critique en champ laser intense et ultra-court analyse semi-classique vs Calcul numérique exact". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4606.
Texto completoRicher, Dominic. "Transitions non-adiabatiques et dynamique de dissociation au-dessus du seuil critique en champ laser intense et ultra-court : analyse semi-classique vs Calcul numérique exact". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003.
Buscar texto completoMaréchal, Griet. "Propriétés de transport d'un liquide de molécules semi-rigides par dynamique moléculaire d'équilibre et de non-équilibre". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213351.
Texto completoDepaepe, Jean-Michel. "Etude par dynamique moléculaire de l'isomérisation gauche/trans du 1,2-dicloroéthane dans des solvants polaires et non polaires". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212409.
Texto completoDebard, Sylvain. "Dynamique moléculaire de la méthionyl-ARNt-synthétase et ses nouvelles fonctions non canoniques chez la levure S. cerevisiae". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ057.
Texto completoAminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential and ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing formation of aminoacyl- tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) during protein synthesis. However, aaRSs are not limited to aa-tRNAs formation. Indeed, they evolved to form multl-protein complexes that acquired additional functions. S. cerevisiae contains the simplest eukaryotic multi-synthetase complex which is formed by the association of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) to the cytosolic anchoring protein Arc1.This complex (named AME) is highly dynamic depending on the nutritional conditions that the cells are facing, and the two associated aaRSs harbor additional functions that are essential for cell survival. In this PhD thesis, I have studied three different aspect of theyeast MetRS: (i) I created a new bifluorescent reporter to quantify endogenous mismethionylation mediated by the yeast MetRS. I also (ii) characterized a new truncated yeast MetRS isoform produced in vivo, and (iii) I analysed the relative importance of Arc1for cell surviving during the diauxic shift from fermentation to respiration
Chen, Chunlong. "Non-coding RNA genes in eukaryotes genomes : computational identification and evolution". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112279.
Texto completoIt became clear that non-coding RNAs(ncRNA) participate in the control of gene expression at different levels of regulation. However, ncRNA genes are usually not annotated within genomes. Better understanding of genome functioning requires refined computational tools for ncRNA prediction, some are emerging in the nowadays genomic era. I developed a computational system, called snoRMP, to identify the box C/D snoRNAs that play a fundamental role in ribosome biogenesis. I applied it to the rice genome and identified 346 snoRNAs that grouped into 120 paralogous sets, sequence differences of which allowed to find clues about the mechanisms of duplication and evolution of snoRNAs. I also used the snoRMP to screen the genomes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Drosophila melanogaster and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In addition, I performed an extensive analysis of 415 rRNA and box C/D snoRNA complementary sequences involved in methylation of 124 rRNA sites from fungi, plants and animals. I could define snoRNA-rRNA duplex cores of 9 base pairs, over which single mutations had been severely counter-selected, and double compensatory mutations, retained. The Paramecium tetraurelia genome arose through at least three whole-genome duplications(WGD). In contrast with most genomes having evolved by WGDs that had lost a large fraction of the gene duplicates, the P. Tetraurelia genome had not. I used motif-based methods to recover extensive contents of P. Tetraurelia RNA genes, and analyzed their evolution in this specific WGD context. At last, I used a combination of comparative sequence analysis and structure predictions to analyze the whole amount of ncDNA and identify 137 ncRNA candidates
Retureau, Romain. "Interactions acides nucléiques/protéines non spécifiques : le nucléosome et les complexes de la NCp7". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN057/document.
Texto completoProteins regulate and perform the vital functions of organisms, in particular by interacting with nucleic acids (NA), including DNA which carries the genetic information. Understanding the nature of these interactions is central in biology. The nucleosome is the basic unit of DNA compaction in eukaryotes. Composed of a DNA wrapped around a histone core, this complex regulates the DNA accessibility by assembling and disassembling along the genome. Here, we carried out molecular dynamic simulations of the nucleosome in solution. The analysis of the DNA-histone interface with an innovative geometrical method highlighted the strong cohesion of the complex. Such an in-depth description of the interface was also used to interpret nucleosome assembly and disassembly experiments. Those experiments emphasized in particular the DNA sequence effect in both assembly and disassembly processes. Finally, the comparison between nucleosomal and free DNA dynamics showed which structural properties were conserved in the complex and how they contributed to the DNA-histone assembly efficiency. A similar strategy was used on experimental structures of NCp7, a HIV-1 NA chaperone protein, complexed with either DNA or RNA. The latter analysis suggested a rational basis to describe the mechanism of partner assembly. In both studies, I evidenced stepwise mechanisms of complex assemblies and I illustrated NA structure and sequence preferences of some so-called non-specific proteins
Sanzharov, N. "Etude de la dynamique interne des molecules pyramidales non planes dans les etats vibrationnels tres excites". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00534472.
Texto completoJoubert, Doriol Loïc. "Contrôle de la photochimie du benzopyrane : élaboration d’une stratégie théorique couplant chimie quantique et dynamique quantique". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20169/document.
Texto completoThe focus of this thesis is the ring opening of spiropyrans (SP), and how these molecules can be used as photoswitches controlled with laser pulses. We have built a theoretical model to study this photochemical reaction and develop strategies for control.SP exhibit nonadiabatic effects, and therefore, their modelling requires a quantum description for both the electrons and the nuclei. The multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) approach is ideal in this case because it can treat quantum dynamics involving several electronic states. MCTDH was successfully applied to electronic spectra calculations of systems showing strong nonadiabatic effects. However, the corresponding potential energy surfaces (PES) for this approach are required first. These applications are based on a local vibronic coupling model of the PES in the neighbourhood of the Franck-Condon (FC) point.As opposed to calculating photoabsorption spectra that often involves short timescales and small deformations around the FC geometry, simulating photochemical reactions requires an adequate representation of large-amplitude motions. Thus, this model must be made more flexible.Normal modes, usually used for the standard model, are not adapted to large-amplitude deformations. We thus chose to run MCTDH in curvilinear coordinates and recast systematically the model in terms of polyspherical coordinates to produce a separable form for the nuclear kinetic energy.Even if only the ground and the first excited electronic states are involved in the process, their dominant electronic configurations may change significantly along large-amplitude motions. We have developed a general approach based on a systematic analysis of a few ab initio data to generate the best set of diabatic states for a given problem.Preliminary results applied to benzopyran (the chromophore of the SP) showed good agreement with the experiments
Elyeznasni, Nadia. "Interfaces entre liquides modèles non miscibles : étude parallèle par la dynamique moléculaire et par la méthode de la fonctionnelle de densité". Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120007.
Texto completoDue to its importance in many phenomena in chemistry and biology. We present a study of the structure in the interface between two immiscible liquids by density-functional theory and molecular-dynamics calculations. The liquids are modeled by Lennard-Jones potentials, which achieve immiscibility by supressing the attractive interaction between unlike particles. The density profiles of the liquids display oscillations only in a limited part of the simple liquid-phase diagram (density, temperature). When approaching the liquid-vapor coexistence, a significant depletion appears while the layering behavior of the density profile vanishes. By analogy with the liquid-vapor interface and the analysis of the adsorption this behavior is suggested to be strongly related to the drying transition. We present also a study of intrinsic profils by molecular dynamics to schow capillary waves effects to damp oscillatory structure in the interface between immiscible liquids
Nefati, Hédi. "Prédiction de la sensibilité au choc des substances explosives ou non : approches statistique et neuronale". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066207.
Texto completoSapay, Nicolas. "Les peptides d'ancrage à l'interface membranaire : analyses structurales par RMN et dynamique moléculaire et développement d'une méthode de prédiction bioinformatique". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10003.
Texto completoHannaoui, Rachid. "Simulation par Dynamique Moléculaire des Propriétés de Transport (Masse et Chaleur) de Fluides Confinés". Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3010/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to study how a fluid confined in a low permeability porous medium (micro- and meso-porous) behaves concerning its properties of mass diffusion, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion. For this purpose, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on simple binary mixtures placed in various thermodynamic conditions, confined in a porous medium of lamellar geometry of different types (structure-less or atomistic, more or less adsorbent) in __//_ and grand canonical ensembles. The results show that the effects of porous medium on transport properties are more pronounced when the pore size is small, the adsorption is strong and the temperature is low. The results allowed to evaluate these effects quantitatively. In addition, it has been found that the wall roughness has a major impact on the mass diffusion coefficient and a non negligible one on the thermal diffusion coefficient
Porzio, François. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire de cristaux liquides smectiques présentant la phase inclinée SmC: étude d'isomères structuraux et corrélation avec l'expérience". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5868.
Texto completoJeamet, Emeric. "Études structurales et propriétés de reconnaissance d'objets auto-assemblés". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1024/document.
Texto completoSince the 1990s, dynamic combinatorial chemistry has allowed the discovery and preparation of new synthetic receptors from simple building blocks under thermodynamic control. In this context, we have recently described a new family of dynamic para cyclophanes, the so-called dyn[n]arenes. These macrocycles, made from functionalized 1,4-bisthiophenolic building blocks, could be obtained on a gram scale from a simple purification procedure, and without any chromatography. Their synthetic accessibility allows us to study the driving forces behind their self-assembly, as well as their molecular recognition properties towards ionic guest molecules. Experimental and computational experiments were also conducted to reveal the subtle physical phenomena that are responsible for the remarkable selectivity and affinity observed between a poly-anionic dyn[4]arene and a series of a,?-alkyl-diamines. During these previous studies, we rediscovered a simple synthetic route towards a family of molecules that is unexploited so far: the dithiocins. The functionalization of these molecular objects has been explored in order to generate versatile platforms for biological applications
Collell, Julien. "Analyse multi-échelles du transport d'hydrocarbures au sein d'un schiste non-saturé". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3011/document.
Texto completoHydrocarbons production from shales has been of growing industrial and scientific interest for the last fifteen years. The different kinds of shale resources represent huge quantities around the world and may durably change the energy market, as for example in the US. However, the recovery process remains critical and may drastically impact the profitability of these resources. In shales, the majority of the fluids are contained in micrometered nodules of organic matter : the kerogen, which acts as source rock and as reservoir for the oil and gas. The aim of the PhD thesis is to study the kerogen and the petroleum fluids contained in shales, by molecular simulations. For this purpose, Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations with existing molecular simulation softwares and in-house codes have been used. The first part of the work has been dedicated to the construction of molecular models mimicking shales organic matter (kerogen and embedded fluids), based on analytical data. From these models, 3D structures have been generated under typical reservoir conditions. Agreements with available experimental results have been found on volumetric, storage, transport and mechanical properties. Then, we have focused our efforts on the adsorption and diffusion of hydrocarbon mixtures in such materials. Molecular simulations have been performed to provide both pseudo-experimental and reference data. On storage properties, a theoretical model which accounts for multicomponent adsorption of super-critical (dry gas) and sub-critical (condensate gas, light oil) mixtures has been developed and validated. On transport properties, the mechanisms governing hydrocarbon mass transfer have been identified and a model has been proposed which describes the dependence of mixture diffusion coefficients with thermodynamic conditions (composition, pressure and temperature)
Djouwe, Meffeja Merline Flore. "Simulation et modélisation de milieux granulaire confinés". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S005.
Texto completoBecause of their industrial and geophysical applications, granular flows have a prominent place in our environment. In this thesis, we study these flows by numerical simulation of type "discrete elements" (where the grains are treated explicitly) and of type "continuous medium" (where the granular material behaves as an effective medium obeying a given rheology). We first studied the granular flows by the "discrete elements" method in silo geometries. By changing the micro-mechanical properties of the grains (restitution and friction) we showed that they had a significant influence on the flow discharge. A detailed study of the behavior of grains has shown that this influence comes from a variation of the packing fraction at the outlet of the silo, the grains velocity experiencing very little change. Although models such as "discrete elements" provide access to all the individual properties of the grains, they have one major drawback : the computation time is very important that prohibits the modeling of geophysical and industrial situations. To overcome this problem, we used the "continuous medium" approach, which consider that the granular medium studied follows a rheology recently proposed in the literature. After discussing the numerical implementation, we have studied this rheology for steady and fully developed flows with a semi-analytical method in two configurations: a shear cell and a channel. This allowed us to highlight the differences between a granular medium and a Newtonian fluid
Pollet, Thomas. "Mieux connaitre la diversité et la dynamique des phyla bactériens non dominants dans les écosystèmes naturels : l'exemple des Planctomycetes en milieu lacustre". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENA006.
Texto completoUnderstanding the role of microbes in the functioning of ecosystems is currently one of the major challenges in microbial ecology. One important step to this challenge is the assessment of the diversity of these microbial communities and their driving factors. With the recent methodological advances in molecular approaches, knowledge on the structural and functional diversity of bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystems has considerably increased during the last twenty years. However most of these studies concerned either the bacterial community or the most abundant bacterial groups, such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Only few data are available on the dynamics and diversity of less abundant but ubiquitous phyla such as Planctomycetes. This is particularly true for freshwater ecosystems, for which data on this phylum are much less abundant, compared to marine and soil ecosystems. Yet, members of this bacterial group are thought to play an important role in biogeochemical processes in aquatic systems, including nitrogen cycling and degradation of organic matter. Thus, the aims of this thesis were (1) to compare the structure and the composition of the Planctomycetes communities in two peri-alpine lakes with contrasting environmental conditions (2) to assess the vertical and temporal variations in the composition of these communities and (3) to characterize the different environmental factors that control these communities
Klughertz, Guillaume. "Dynamique d'aimantation ultra-rapide de nanoparticules magnétiques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE004/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this thesis is to explore analytically and numerically the magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanoparticles. Firstly, we study the Néel dynamics of fixed. We show that one can efficiently control the magnetization reversal of a nanoparticle by using a chirped excitation (autoresonance). This study reveals that the Gilbert damping and the temperature alter the efficiency of the reversal, while dipolar interactions can improve it. The stationary properties of a monolayer of nanoparticles are then examined by computing ZFC curves with a Monte Carlo method. We observe that structural disorder has no effect on the blocking temperature. Finally, we investigate the behavior of an ensemble of interacting nanoparticles moving in a fluid with a molecular dynamics approach. Our numerical simulations reproduce the usual chain and ring-like equilibrium configurations. We then study the dynamics of these structures and show the existence of super-spin waves
De, Nunzio Giorgio. "Etude des excitations vibrationnelles non-harmoniques dans des cristaux moléculaires possédant des chaînes unidirectionnelles de liaisons hydrogène : l'acétanilide et ses dérivés deutériés". Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20110.
Texto completoPožar, Martina. "On the nature of structural fluctuations in complex liquids". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS269.
Texto completoThe analysis of different types of structuring, present in simple and complex liquids and their mixtures, was done using the method of molecular dynamics. Complex mixtures have at least one associative component, such as water, alcohols (mono-ols and diols) and amines. The supra-molecular structuring in these mixtures is detected, described, quantified and connected with the atom-atom interactions is the molecules. These systems have interesting fluctuation behaviors, as shown through Kirkwood-Buff integrals. Their correlation functions behave in a complex way, depending on the component, concentration and temperature. The pre-peak at small k values in the site-site structure factor is defined as a signature of molecular domains in these mixtures. A special focus is placed on long-range structuring, which is a novelty considering the majority of the work in the field of the physics of liquids. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of micro-heterogeneous structures in molecular liquids, and gives new links to structural heterogeneities in soft and bio-matter
Giacobbi, Anne-Sophie. "Modélisation dynamique de la régulation de la voie RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK dans les cellules du carcinome hépatocellulaire exposées au Sorafénib". Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0026.
Texto completoHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer. It appears mainly as a complication of cirrhosis of the liver in patients exposed to toxic agents (alcohol, hepatic viruses). The study of therapeutic targeting of oncogenic pathways brings new perspectives on cancer treatments that are more effective and better tolerated by patients. An oncogenic pathway is found to be activated in almost all types of tumors. This is the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK path. The understanding of its regulation is still poorly known today. Sorafenib is prescribed as an inhibitor of RAF kinases in the advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. Its effectiveness is relative since it prolongs the survival of certain patients by a few months, and it does not bring the same clinical benefit to all patients. No biomarker predictive of its effectiveness has been highlighted to date, which makes the customization of its prescription impossible. This thesis provides a study of the modalities of regulation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in CHC through mathematical modelling. The aim is to build mathematical models to better understand the action of cancer therapy on RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction networks, and to bring new perspectives on targeting therapeutic
Fournier, Frédéric. "Spectroscopie non-linéaire femtoseconde de molécules adsorbées et dynamique de l'interaction adsorbat-substrat : application à CO, à la glace et aux molécules auto-assemblées sur Pt(111), Pd(111), Au(111)". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112083.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a new femtosecond sum frequency generation setup to, probe properties of adsorbed molecules. The possibility to obtain spectra in a broad spectral range without scanning the IR wavelength allows us to apply a steady state approch of the photodesorption on CO/Pt(111) and thus to mesure a very large variation of photodesorption efficiency versus coverage. This effect implies that it could exist a collective phenomenon between CO molecules or a very efficient relaxation channel at low coverage. A pump-probe experiment allows to measure energy transfer from electrons photoexcited in platinum to different vibrational modes of CO in photodesorption conditions. This experiment suggests that the frustrated rotation is the most effective low frequency mode in photodesorption. A preliminary study of ice surface and coadsorption of D2O with CH3Cl is presented: the results obtained during ice adsorption show an ordered growth of the ice layer on platinum. Adsorption with CH3Cl induces the loss of the methyl group SFG signal. The hypothesis of a reaction between D2O and CH3Cl can be excluded and we concluded that CH3Cl molecules are encaged and loge orientation due to water molecules. The anisotropy of SFG is exploited to study orientation and organization of self-assembled molecules on Au(111). We obtained informations about orientation of two isomers of an original type of molecule and we developed a model to calculate the SFG spectrum of an alkyl chain of any conformation. These different results show that femtosecond SFG is a powerful technic to study various aspects of the molecule-surface interaction. Future work concerns the dynamics and reactivity on nanoparticles, and the study of ice surface in atmospheric conditions
Bui, Thanh Quang. "Caractérisation de l'amorçage de fissure dans les assemblages collés : application à l'adhérence moléculaire renforcée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4729/document.
Texto completoDirect bonding by molecular adhesion is a bonding technique based on joining two surfaces into direct contact without the use of any adhesives or additional material. Such an operation requires the surfaces that are to be bonded to be sufficiently smooth and for them to be sufficiently close together to allow contact to be initiated. Mechanical characterization of this type of assembly with classical mechanical test as for instance wedge test, cleavage test or double shear test present a highly defects sensitivity on mechanical results.The first objective of this work concerns the design and the development of a new test for the analysis of crack initiation in order to obtain results less dispersed than conventional tests particularly for fragile adhesives with small thickness as molecular bonding. Only the mode I was investigated and an experimental device based on modified DBC classical test is proposed to study crack initiation with different edge geometries (homogeneous, high stress concentration).The second objective proposed, in starting from the different experimental results obtained, to compare some approaches (PSC, CC, MZC) to predict crack initiation for fragile adhesives and in particular for molecular bonding. The idea is to propose a simple methodology for engineers in order to predict fracture in an assembly bonded with an adhesive thickness close to zero
Petuya-Poublan, Rémi. "Contribution à la description théorique de la dynamique des processus élémentaires hétérogènes : collisions de l'azote moléculaire et de l'hydrogène atomique avec des surfaces de tungstène". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0134/document.
Texto completoHeterogeneous elementary processes at the gas-solid interface are ofgreat interest in many domains such as heterogeneous catalysis, atmospheric and interstellar media chemistry, spacecraft atmospheric re-entry and plasma-wall interactions description. This thesis focus on the dynamics of nitrogen, N2, non reactive scattering on a tungsten W(100) surface and hydrogen, H2, recombination processes on tungsten surfaces W(100) and W(110). The quasiclassical dynamics of these processes is simulated using potential energy surfaces based on density functional theory calculations. In particular, a multi-adsorbate potential is developed to include surface coverage in the dynamics simulation in order to scrutinize the interplay between both direct abstraction, the so-called Eley-Rideal recombination,and the Hot-Atom recombination process after hyperthermal diffusion on the surface
Pielak, Kornelia. "Commutation des réponses optiques non linéaires du second ordre des indolino-oxazolidines : des molécules en solution aux surfaces fonctionnalisées". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0096.
Texto completoThis thesis reports on a detailed characterization of the second harmonic generation (SHG) responses of indolino-oxazolidine derivatives in different environments. These molecular switches are particularly interesting because they can commute between a colorless closed form and a colored open form when triggered by various external stimuli. The two forms display different second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses and a huge contrast of the associated value, making these systems interesting for applications in molecular-scale memory devices with multiple storage and nondestructive read-out capacity. In particular, this thesis demonstrates that the performance of the NLO switches remains when forming self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). This investigation is carried out by using a multi-disciplinary approach that combines measurements of the linear and nonlinear optical responses of the switches in solution with theoretical chemistry calculations performed for molecules in solutions as well as in SAMs. The main results include 1 ) a comparative analysis of the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) and electric-field induced SHG (EFISHG) responses of the molecules in solution, demonstrating they could be much different owing to the amplitude and orientation of the dipole moment as well as to the non-negligible third-order NLO contribution to EFISHG, 2 ) the investigation of the effects of adding an acceptor nitro group on the oxazolidine of substituting the bithiophene donor group by an alternative ferrocene unit, which both reduce the contrast, and 3 ) the implementation and optimization of a multi-scale numerical method (MD-then-QM) to predict the NLO responses of dynamical systems, which consists in sampling the system geometries and structures using molecular dynamics (MD) and then in evaluating the NLO responses at ab initio quantum mechanical levels (QM). These results as well as the implemented method open the way to investigate new dynamical systems and to design efficient NLO switches
Marekha, Bogdan. "Structure et dynamique microscopiques dans les mélanges de liquides ioniques à base d’imidazolium et de solvants polaires aprotiques : RMN, spectroscopie Raman et modélisation moléculaire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10071/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a multi-technique approach for analysis of the structure and dynamics in the mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmim+) cation coupled with perfluorinated anions (BF4−, PF6−, CF3SO3−, (CF3SO2)2N−), on one side, and polar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile (AN), ), γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL), and propylene carbonate (PC), on the other side. Raman spectroscopy and NMR chemical shift measurements were used to probe changes of electronic density at specific interaction sites of ILs and solvent molecules as a function of mixture composition. Quantum-chemical calculations of the representative configurations were performed to complement the interpenetration of spectral observations. Important changes in the structure and dynamics are observed only at low IL content (xIL<0.2). It was established that ion solvation phenomena prevail over those of ion association for the solvents of high donicity (γ-BL, PC) and for ILs whose anions are bulky and have diffusive charge distribution (PF6−, (CF3SO2)2N−). The relative diffusion coefficients of solvent molecules to cations as a function of concentration depend on the nature of the solvent but not on the anion. In all cases these relative coefficients exhibit constant values at low IL content (xLI<0.2) and then increase steeply (AN), moderately (γ-BL) or negligibly (PC) at high IL concentrations. In BmimPF6-based systems anionic diffusivities were followed via RMN of 31P nuclei
Fernandes, Mendonça Ana Catarina. "Simulations moléculaires d'une nouvelle classe de liquides ioniques basés sur la fonction ammonium pour l'utilisation potentielle en tant qu'huiles lubrifiantes respectueuses de l'environnement". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857336.
Texto completoNouet, Sandrine. "Contribution d'antagonistes non-peptidiques à l'étude cartographique du récepteur AT1 de l'angiotensine II". Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20038.
Texto completoLarcher, Gwénaëlle. "Profil spectral des raies d'absorption du dioxyde de carbone en vue d'application à l'étude de l'atmosphère de la Terre par télédétection". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066029/document.
Texto completoThis work is devoted to the theoretical and experimental studies of the spectral shape of isolated absorption lines of carbon dioxide, a key species of the Earth's atmosphere. The objective of this PhD thesis is to test the different line-shape models that take into account various velocity effects affecting the spectral shape of CO2 absorption lines. The experimental part consists of measurements of spectroscopic parameters of pure CO2 using a tunable External Cavity Diode Laser setup. In the theoretical part, different spectral profiles were used to fit the measured spectra. The results show that the Voigt profile leads to important residuals and it is thus necessary to take into account both Dicke narrowing and the speed dependence of collisional parameters to adequately describe the experimental spectral profile. The HTP profile, developed recently, was also used to model the spectral profile of CO2 lines. This model has been validated by this study. Molecular dynamics simulations for pure CO2 and CO2 perturbed by N2 were also conducted to study more precisely the “non-Voigt” effects observed. The goal here was to determine the influence of several parameters on these effects. We compared the theoretical simulations with our measurements. For pure CO2, we could show that the intermolecular potential chosen to model the existing interactions had no influence on the evolution of these effects as a function of pressure. Furthermore, no rovibrational dependence could be found. The results for CO2 mixed in N2 showed a dependence of the evolution of these effects depending on the CO2/N2 mixing ratio
Aviat, Félix. "Development of High Performance Molecular Dynamics : Fast Evaluation of Polarization Forces The truncated conjugate gradient (TCG), a non-iterative/fixed-cost strategy for computing polarization in molecular dynamics: Fast evaluation of analytical forces Truncated Conjugate Gradient: An Optimal Strategy for the Analytical Evaluation of the Many-Body Polarization Energy and Forces in Molecular Simulations". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS498.
Texto completoClassical molecular dynamics is a precious tools to explore the infinitely small world, e.g. when considering biological systems (such as proteins). These simulations are based on physical models of various precision and complexity, where taking electrons into account is not easy. Polarizability allows one to take into account the mobility of the electronic density, while keeping the classical description framework. It can be described using induced dipoles, whose computation is done through a Self-Consistent procedure, which is costly in terms of computational time and can also cause instability. In this thesis, we introduce a new algorithm allowing a faster and more stable treatment of the induced dipoles, based on the truncation of the Conjugate Gradient. Accuracy, versatility, efficiency of the so-called Truncated Conjugate Gradient (TCG) are evaluated on various systems. Its applicability to free energy calculations is also tested. TCG is finally used in order to derive new molecular dynamics integrators allowing for considerable accelerations. To sum this up, TCG proves to be a polyvalent, adaptable, efficient tool, which allows for substantial acceleration of long polarizable dynamics
Berman, Simon. "Classical mechanisms of recollision and high harmonic generation". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0494/document.
Texto completoThirty years after the demonstration of the production of high laser harmonics through nonlinear laser-gas interaction, high harmonic generation (HHG) is being used to probe molecular dynamics in real time and is realizing its technological potential as a tabletop source of attosecond pulses in the XUV to soft X-ray range. Despite experimental progress, theoretical efforts have been stymied by the excessive computational cost of first-principles simulations and the difficulty of systematically deriving reduced models for the non-perturbative, multiscale interaction of an intense laser pulse with a macroscopic gas of atoms. In this thesis, we investigate first-principles reduced models for HHG using classical mechanics. Using nonlinear dynamics, we elucidate the indispensable role played by the ionic potential during recollisions in the strong-field limit. Then, borrowing a technique from plasma physics, we systematically derive a hierarchy of reduced Hamiltonian models for the self-consistent interaction between the laser and the atoms during pulse propagation. The reduced models can accommodate either classical or quantum electron dynamics. We build a classical model which agrees quantitatively with the quantum model for the propagation of the dominant components of the laser field. In a simplified geometry, we show that the anomalously high frequency radiation seen in simulations results from the delicate interplay between electron trapping and higher energy recollisions brought on by propagation effects
Kurtisovski, Erol. "Relation structure-propriétés dans les bicouches gonflées de phases lamellaires". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066229.
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