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Lopez, Maria Canto. "Towards Dual or Multiple Attribution". International Organizations Law Review 10, n.º 1 (2013): 193–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01001006.
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The Strasbourg Court is dealing with situations arising out of the military conduct of Contracting Parties abroad. Some of this conduct arises from European troops acting within the framework of international multinational forces under the UN’s auspices. While the Strasbourg Court in the Behrami and Saramati case started by attributing exclusive liability to the UN — in an attempt to stay clear of interfering with the UN’s universal peace and security mission —, its latest case-law has moved away from that path. In the Al-Jedda case, the Strasbourg Court admits the possibility of dual or multiple attribution, which means that the same conduct can be attributed both to the UN and to one or more Contracting Parties. Through dual or multiple attribution, the Strasbourg Court has opened a way to avoid confrontations with the UN’s universal mission, and has returned to supervising the conduct of the individual Contracting Parties that send troops to be part of the UN multinational forces, improving the protection offered to victims of those Contracting Parties in foreign lands.
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Sakaki, Michiko y Kou Murayama. "Automatic Ability Attribution after Failure: A Dual Process View of Achievement Attribution". PLoS ONE 8, n.º 5 (7 de mayo de 2013): e63066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063066.
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Reinhard, Marc-André y Siegfried L. Sporer. "Content Versus Source Cue Information as a Basis for Credibility Judgments". Social Psychology 41, n.º 2 (enero de 2010): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000014.
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Basic assumptions of dual-process theories are used to explain the process of credibility attribution. Three experiments test the assumption that high task involvement leads to intensive processing of content information, whereas low task involvement leads to the use of noncontent information like source cues when people make credibility judgments. In Experiment 1, as predicted, when task involvement is low, only source attractiveness influences credibility attributions; when task involvement is high, content information also influences credibility attributions. Experiments 2 and 3 replicate these results with different source cue and message content manipulations. These findings demonstrate the fruitfulness of applying basic assumptions of dual-process theories to the field of deceptive communication research. Practical implications for forensic credibility assessment are outlined.
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Fernández-Sogorb, Aitana, Nelly G. Lagos-San Martín, Ricardo Sanmartín y María Vicent. "Child Anxiety Profiles in Chilean Elementary School Students and Academic Self-Attributions in Mathematics". SAGE Open 11, n.º 4 (octubre de 2021): 215824402110613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211061396.
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The present study had a dual objective: to verify the existence of profiles of anxious students and to relate the possible profiles with causal self-attributions in the area of mathematics. The sample consisted of 1,730 Chilean children from 9 to 11 years old ( M = 10.05; SD = 1.03). The Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety-Revised and the Sydney Attribution Scale were administered. Four profiles were found by using the latent class analysis: Low Anxiety, Moderate Anxiety, Moderate Anxiety School-type and High Anxiety. The High Anxiety profile tended to attribute its failures more to ability and effort. However, the Moderate Anxiety School-type group showed a greater tendency to attribute its failures to external causes and its successes to effort. The practical implications of these findings for improving the attributional style and the anxiety levels of each profile are discussed.
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Chen, Jacqueline Chen y Jun Xiang. "Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China". Asian Survey 60, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2020): 978–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.5.978.
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Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.
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Carson, Jack, Jacob Waddingham y Jeremy Mackey. "Organization member action proximity and attributions for managerial crisis response failure". Management Decision 58, n.º 10 (12 de octubre de 2020): 2177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2020-1059.
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PurposeThe purpose of this research is to describe organization members' attributions for managerial responses to obviously externally caused crises. The authors draw from attribution theory research and the actor-observer bias to argue that organization members' proximity to managerial crisis response is a key determinant of organization members' affective and behavioral outcomes following a crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a conceptual dual-process model of attributions that explains why organization members' judgments of managerial responsibility and associated outcomes differ depending on organization members' proximity to crisis response action.FindingsThe authors focus on organization members' attributions for the failure of managerial crisis responses to obviously externally caused crisis events. The authors present propositions regarding the impact of organization members' potential biases on their attributions for managerial crisis response. Then, the authors delineate how action proximity can assuage negative outcomes of managerial crisis response failure by encouraging an attitude of understanding and awareness of situational challenges.Originality/valueThe authors diverge from prior applications of attribution theory to crisis management by focusing on organization members' attributions of managerial crisis response failure, rather than attributions for the initial cause of the crisis itself. The authors also extend prior work that primarily focuses on crisis response strategies by instead elaborating on how organization members' attributions operate in the wake of their management's failure to effectively respond to an obviously externally caused crisis.
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Dannenbaum, Tom. "Dual attribution in the context of military operations". International Organizations Law Review 12, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2015): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01202007.
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This article considers the state of the doctrine on dual attribution in military operations. The rapidly expanding jurisprudence on cooperative military ventures has yet to coalesce around a single normative framework. The role of the ario and ars in that realm has been decidedly mixed, perhaps predictably given the inconsistency between the two codes. The most hopeful developments have come in the Netherlands, with the elaboration of a bifocal, preventive interpretation of Article 7 of the ario. However, whether that framework will resonate elsewhere is uncertain. Thus far, the concept of dual attribution itself has played an odd role. It has been affirmed repeatedly in theory, but the primary value of its theoretical possibility has been in empowering courts to hear cases they might otherwise have avoided, while failing actually to attribute conduct to two or more entities.
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Kim, Sung-Won. "A Review on Dual Attribution of Internationally Wrongful Acts". DONG-A LAW REVIEW 89 (30 de noviembre de 2020): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31839/dalr.2020.11.89.259.
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Hsu, Cathy H. C. y Nan Chen. "Resident Attribution and Tourist Stereotypes". Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 43, n.º 4 (1 de febrero de 2019): 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348018823903.
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The value of attribution theory in explaining and predicting resident perceptions of/reactions toward tourists is underestimated by tourism scholars. This article critically analyses the evolution and underdevelopment of attribution theory, as well as the literature on tourist stereotypes which serve as heuristics that may bias attribution. Under the guidance of dual process theories, a comprehensive conceptual framework is developed to delineate the interactions between a three-step resident attribution process of encounters with tourists and tourist stereotypes’ activation, application/suppression, and modification. Potentially fruitful directions are suggested for future research. This conceptual article not only pioneers in establishing conceptual links between a tourism phenomenon and a social psychological theoretical development, but it also broadens the research paradigm of resident–tourist relationship studies.
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Nollkaemper, A. "Dual Attribution: Liability of the Netherlands for Conduct of Dutchbat in Srebrenica". Journal of International Criminal Justice 9, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2011): 1143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqr048.
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Xie, Guangming, Wenbo Du, Hongping Yuan y Yushi Jiang. "Promoting Reviewer-Related Attribution: Moderately Complex Presentation of Mixed Opinions Activates the Analytic Process". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (6 de enero de 2021): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020441.
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Using metacognition and dual process theories, this paper studied the role of types of presentation of mixed opinions in mitigating negative impacts of online word of mouth (WOM) dispersion on consumer’s purchasing decisions. Two studies were implemented, respectively. By employing an eye-tracking approach, study 1 recorded consumer’s attention to WOM dispersion. The results show that the activation of the analytic system can improve reviewer-related attribution options. In study 2, three kinds of presentation of mixed opinions originating from China’s leading online platform were compared. The results demonstrated that mixed opinions expressed in moderately complex form, integrating average ratings and reviewers’ impressions of products, was effective in promoting reviewer-related attribution choices. However, too-complicated presentation types of WOM dispersion can impose excessively on consumers’ cognitive load and eventually fail to activate the analytic system for promoting reviewer-related attribution choices. The main contribution of this paper lies in that consumer attribution-related choices are supplemented, which provides new insights into information consistency in consumer research. The managerial and theoretical significance of this paper are discussed in order to better understand the purchasing decisions of consumers.
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Krieger, Heike. "A Credibility Gap: The Behrami and Saramati Decision of the European Court of Human Rights". Journal of International Peacekeeping 13, n.º 1-2 (2009): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541109x403025.
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AbstractWith the Behrami and Saramati decision the European Court of Human Rights misses an important opportunity to close the credibility gap in human rights protection during the international administration of territories such as Kosovo. The article criticises the attribution of KFOR acts to the United Nations. It holds that the equation of delegation and attribution as well as the ultimate authority and control test as a criterion for attribution are not in line with UN practice. Instead the article argues in favour of a responsibility of the Troop Contributing Nations. Their responsibility is either based on dual attribution or on the jurisprudence of the Court on the transfer of powers to international organisations. The Court's intention is understandable to protect the universal UN security system by not declaring acts of the Security Council incompatible with European standards. However, it will harm the credibility of UN administration of territories in the long run if collective security concerns prevail over human rights protection. In view of the exercise of quasi-governmental acts by the UN Security Council the article stresses the obligations of ECHR Member States to work towards the establishment of a human rights tribunal on the level of the United Nations.
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Johansen, Stian Øby. "Dual Attribution of Conduct to both an International Organisation and a Member State". Oslo Law Review 6, n.º 03 (20 de diciembre de 2019): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn.2387-3299-2019-03-01.
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Coburn, Sean, Caroline B. Alden, Robert Wright, Kevin Cossel, Esther Baumann, Gar-Wing Truong, Fabrizio Giorgetta et al. "Regional trace-gas source attribution using a field-deployed dual frequency comb spectrometer". Optica 5, n.º 4 (22 de marzo de 2018): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.5.000320.
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Palchetti, Paolo. "The allocation of responsibility for internationally wrongful acts committed in the course of multinational operations". International Review of the Red Cross 95, n.º 891-892 (diciembre de 2013): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383114000241.
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AbstractThe article aims to examine, in light of the codification work of the International Law Commission and of the most recent practice, some issues concerning the allocation of responsibility between an organisation and its troop-contributing states for the conduct taken in the course of a multinational operation (with a specific focus on UN operations). After explaining the general rule of attribution of conduct based on the status of the multinational force as an organ or an agent of the organisation, this article will examine the validity of special rules of attribution of conduct based on the notions of ‘effective control’ or ‘ultimate control’ over the acts of the multinational force. Finally, I will discuss the possibility of dual responsibility of both the organisation and the troop-contributing state concerned.
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Zhang, Yangbing, Yongqiang Chen, Yousong Wang y Hongyang Li. "Dual-Attribution Model of Trust Development between Contracting Parties in Construction Projects: Psychological Perspective". Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 147, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2021): 04021161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002167.
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Oikarinen, Tuomas, Karthik Srinivasan, Olivia Meisner, Julia B. Hyman, Shivangi Parmar, Adrian Fanucci-Kiss, Robert Desimone, Rogier Landman y Guoping Feng. "Deep convolutional network for animal sound classification and source attribution using dual audio recordings". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, n.º 2 (febrero de 2019): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5087827.
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Premchandran, Rajesh y Pushpendra Priyadarshi. "Work-family enrichment: evidence from India on source attribution". International Journal of Manpower 41, n.º 8 (24 de abril de 2020): 1269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-07-2018-0235.
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PurposeWork-family researchers examining work-family enrichment (WFE) have used a cross-domain model (Frone et al., 2003) to explain relationships between enrichment experienced and the satisfaction reported in the same domain. Recent research points out inconsistencies in this approach, arguing for a source attribution model in which increased satisfaction is reported in the domain where the source of enrichment resides. This study looks at bi-directional WFE and both forms of domain satisfaction, job and family, to explore relative strengths of these relationships in an Indian context, thereby extending theory on source vs cross-domain effects of enrichment.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a single-source cross-sectional study of 508 married individuals working in the services sector in India, each with at least one child in the family. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results support the source attribution perspective of enrichment where WFE shows stronger links to job satisfaction, and family-work enrichment (FEW) shows stronger links to family satisfaction. Our study revealed that dual-earners report higher satisfaction levels compared to those from single-earner households.Originality/valueIn addition to advancing theory on source attribution for WFE, this is the first study to focus exclusively on married individuals with children to further help accentuate inter-domain resource transfer. In addition, this is one of the few studies to test out the theory of enrichment through service sector knowledge workers in a developing economy like India, where the service sector contributes to 60% of the GDP.
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Bakker, Christine. "DUAL ATTRIBUTION OF ACTS COMMITTED BY A UN PEACEKEEPING FORCE: AN EMERGING NORM OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW? THE DUTCH SUPREME COURT’S JUDGMENTS IN NUHANOVIÇ AND MUSTAFIĆ". Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 23, n.º 1 (17 de noviembre de 2014): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90230048.
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In two cases lodged by victims (or their relatives) of the massacre in Srebrenica in 1995, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands has taken a progressive stance on the interpretation of international law on the responsibility of States and international organizations for wrongful acts. The Supreme Court upheld the earlier decisions of The Hague Court of Appeal, confirming that the Netherlands can be held responsible for the death and injuries of these victims, despite the fact that the Dutch troops employed to protect this enclave were part of a United Nations (UN) peacekeeping force. By accepting the possibility of dual attribution of an internationally wrongful act to both the UN and the troop-sending State, it has departed from the restrictive approach adopted in current judicial practice, in particular by the European Court of Human Rights. In this note, the Supreme Court’s judgments are discussed, focusing on (i) the question of dual attribution of an international wrongful act, and (ii) the extraterritorial application of human rights treaties. It concludes that, although the Supreme Court’s reliance on two sets of Draft Articles of the International Law Commission without referring to any State practice is surprising, these judgments should be welcomed as significant precedents, which may contribute to the development of a norm of customary international law. They also constitute an important step towards ensuring access to justice and reparation for the victims of gross human rights violations, such as those committed in Srebrenica.
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EZZAT, Azza Adnan Ahmed y Gayda Adiel Abed ALKADIR. "GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECT ON CHANGING THE LEXICAL SIGNIFICANCE". International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 03, n.º 02 (1 de abril de 2021): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.2-3.10.
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The renewal in the lexical study depends on looking at the expressions and connotations it contains that are influenced by the context of what they are mentioned in as much as it relates to linguistic matters, such as changing the morphological form, or the multiplicity of the form of the source of the verb, or the construction of active voice and passive voice, or the infringement and imperative as well as the type of preposition infringement To come up with multiple connotations that correspond to those changes that are directly related to the context and what we can call (the semantic attribution) that is different from the grammatical attribution. In it, the connotation changes by changing the type of the subject or the predicate from masculine to feminine, and from singular to dual or plural, and from rational to non-rational, and from material to semantic or abstract to concrete and the like. According to all the above, it is not correct to separate the linguistic levels in any integrated linguistic study.
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Cheng, Jie y Birong Bie. "Innovative Construction of Online Teaching Models for "Double Teachers" Teachers in the Internet Era". E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 03075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125303075.
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Based on the teaching platform, the implementation of "dual-teacher" classrooms is different from the previous "large classes". Small classes scattered in different locations can share excellent teachers, which can not only ensure the quality of teaching, but also truly alleviate the shortage of teachers. This research first defines the concept of "dual-professional" teachers, and then clearly expounds the connotation and essential characteristics of "dual-professional" teachers, and analyzes the model construction of the current teacher team construction and "dual-professional" teacher team construction in China. Constructing an Internet-based "dual-professional" teacher innovation model, expounding the characteristics of dual-professional teaching and MOOC in detail, explaining the significance and advantages of blending dual-professional teaching and MOOC teaching, and studying related theories based on the foundation, then take this college as an example to summarize the mixed teaching practice of the curriculum fusion dual-teaching and MOOC teaching through case studies and make attribution analysis. The questionnaire survey method is used to investigate the learning data of students. The experimental results show that the students' three-dimensional goals can be achieved well under the mixed teaching; the comprehensive performance has been greatly improved, and the teaching effect of 1+1>2 has been achieved; teachers and students are more satisfied with this blended teaching. At the same time, through the development of the mixed teaching practice of this course, teachers and students are familiar with MOOC teaching, discover and use high-quality MOOC resources on the Internet; arouse the interest of teachers and students in the construction of MOOC in this school; improve the information literacy of teachers and students.
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Papa, Maria Irene. "Le autorizzazioni del Consiglio di sicurezza davanti alla Corte europea dei diritti umani: dalla decisione sui casi Behrami e Saramati alla sentenza Al-Jedda". DIRITTI UMANI E DIRITTO INTERNAZIONALE, n.º 2 (julio de 2012): 229–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dudi2012-002001.
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Four years after the highly criticized decision in Behrami and Saramati, on 7 July 2011 the European Court of Human Rights returned in Al-Jedda v. United Kingdom to the applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights to acts undertaken by military forces of Member States acting abroad under an authorization of the United Nations Security Council. The article examines the main implications of that case law by comparing how the Court addressed the following issues in Behrami and Saramati and in Al-Jedda: the legal nature of UNSC authorizations to states to use force; the attribution of conduct of military personnel in this kind of situations and the relationship between the European Convention and the UN collective security system. According to the author, the Al-Jedda judgment presents some elements of continuity with the Behrami and Saramati decision (such as the distinction among different models of UNSC authorization), but also significant developments (especially with regard to the possibility of dual attribution of conduct both to states and international organizations and to the interpretative presumption in favour of interpreting SC resolutions in conformity with human rights).
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Yamauchi, Hirotsugu. "Developmental Study of Moral Judgments by Japanese Children". Psychological Reports 68, n.º 3_suppl (junio de 1991): 1131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3c.1131.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of causal attribution in the contexts of moral judgment and the developmental shifts of the determinants. Subjects were children in Grades 2, 4, and 6 ( ns = 83, 122, and 84). Moral judgments were measured by asking subjects to provide “evaluative feedback” to an hypothetical child's helping behavior. The method of dual scaling was applied to the frequency data of moral judgments. Two-dimensional solutions show that subjects judged whether the hypothetical child should be rewarded or punished and what amount of reward or punishment was given to the hypothetical child. Developmental shifts were found for moral judgment.
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Rabiza, Marcin. "Dual-Process Approach to the Problem of Artificial Intelligence Agency Perception". Filozofia i Nauka Zeszyt specjalny, n.º 10 (10 de mayo de 2022): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37240/fin.2022.10.zs.16.
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Thanks to advances in machine learning in recent years the ability of AI agents to act independently of human oversight, respond to their environment, and interact with other machines has significantly increased, and is one step closer to human-like performance. For this reason, we can observe contemporary researchers’ efforts towards modeling agency in artificial systems. In this light, the aim of this paper is to develop a dual-process approach to the problem of AI agency perception, and to discuss possible triggers of various agency perceptions. The article discusses the agency attribution phenomenon, based on which the argument for the dual-process nature of agency perception is developed. Two distinct types of thinking (processing) involved in human reasoning on AI agency are suggested: Type 1 and Type 2. The first one is fast, automatic, routine, and often unconscious; the second is a slower, controlled, more conscious one. These two distinct types of processing can yield differing and sometimes conflicting results for human cognition and interaction. The preliminary philosophical findings may contribute to further investigations in philosophy of mind or cognitive psychology and could also be empirically tested in HCI and UX studies.
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Streeter, Veronica M., Robin R. Milhausen y Andrea C. Buchholz. "Body Image, Body Mass Index, and Body Composition: In Young Adults". Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 73, n.º 2 (julio de 2012): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/73.2.2012.78.
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Purpose: Associations were examined between body image and body mass index (BMI) in comparison with body composition in healthy weight, overweight, and obese young adults. Methods: Weight and height were determined, and the percentage of fat mass (%FM) and percentage of fat-free mass (%FFM) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 75 male and 87 female young adults (21.1 ± 1.9 years; 25.2 ± 4.4 kg/m2 [mean ± standard deviation]). Body image was measured using the three subscales Weight Esteem, Appearance Esteem, and External Attribution of the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA). Results: Body mass index and %FM were highly correlated (r for males = 0.74, r for females = 0.82; both p<0.001), and were inversely associated with body image, particularly Weight Esteem. After adjustment for physical activity, BMI and %FM (and %FFM, although in the opposite direction) were associated with each BESAA subscale: %FM, %FFM, and BMI explained 12% to14% of the variance in Appearance Esteem for both sexes, 33% to 41% in Weight Esteem in women and 16% to 18% in men, and 8% to 10% in External Attribution in women (all p<0.05) and <5% for men (NS). Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that as their clients’ BMI and %FM increase, body image decreases, particularly in women.
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Chan, Kimmy Wa, Taeshik Gong, Ruixue Zhang y Mingjian Zhou. "Do Employee Citizenship Behaviors Lead to Customer Citizenship Behaviors? The Roles of Dual Identification and Service Climate". Journal of Service Research 20, n.º 3 (25 de abril de 2017): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670517706159.
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This study pertains to whether and how employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors toward customers (OCB-C) influence customers’ citizenship behaviors (CCB) directed toward the firm, employees, and other customers. Drawing on a social exchange perspective, this study proposes that a dual identification mechanism—spanning customer-employee identification (C-EI) and customer-firm identification (C-FI)—mediates the social exchange relationship between OCB toward customers (OCB-C) and CCB. Service climate as a key contextual factor moderates the mediating mechanisms of identification. With data collected from a field survey and an experiment, the findings confirm that the dual identification mechanism mediates the effect of OCB-C on customers’ reciprocation with CCB. The results also reveal a moderating effect of service climate, such that the positive effect of OCB-C on C-EI and C-FI grows stronger when the service climate is at low and high levels, respectively. In addition, the empirical results demonstrate that the underlying motive attribution explains the moderating effect of service climate. This work paints a more nuanced picture of the missing link in the OCB-C-CCB interface by identifying a mediating mechanism and boundary condition. To promote CCB, managers should leverage their employees’ OCB-C as well as their firms’ service climate.
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Shah, Pankti, Yesha Patel, Arpan Desai, Jayshri Kulkarni, Trushit Upadhyaya y Merih Palandoken. "Low-Profile Dual Hollow Octagonal Ring Shaped Optically Transparent Tri-band Antenna for WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 5, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.55579/jaec.202153.336.
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A transparent dual octagonal split ring-shaped resonator connected by a horizontal strip is proposed for tri-band applications. Stub-loaded microstrip line fed structural design of radiator consists of two slotted octagonal-shaped rings connected via a strip on the top with the partial ground at the back. The low profile (40×25 mm2) radiator achieves impedance bandwidth of (46.08%) 1.62-2.59,(7.78%) 3.95-4.27, and (12.60%) 5.13-5.82, respectively. A bi-directional (dipole shaped) radiation pattern with maximum gain and minimum efficiency of 2.5 dBi and 52%, respectively is achieved. Transparency above 80%, low profile structure, and tri-band operation make the antenna a good contender for WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Good correlation is observed for the modeled and experimental parameters. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
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Chen, Ming Jui, Hsiao-Yi Lee, Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh, Thi Phuong Loan Nguyen y Van Tho Le. "Selection of Remote Phosphor Led Packages for Improving Luminous Flux". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 4, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.202042.259.
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In this paper, the first issue presented and analyzed by several experiments is the influence of the distance between phosphor layers in the dual-layer and triple-layer remote package on luminous flux and color rendering property. During the simulation, it was realized that it was possible to create a suitable distance to create higher quality white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) by adjusting the distance between the phosphor layers. According to the study results, 0.1 mm is the most reasonable distance between two phosphor layers so that the performance of the multi-chip white light LED (MCW LED) can get the best optimal effect. Through a series of experiments, it has been proved that the efficiency of the two-layer structure gives optical properties higher than the three-layer structure related to distance. The highest achievable lumen output is 0.6 mm for the triple-layer structure and 0.1 mm for dual-layer structure. Meanwhile, the color rendering index changes insignificantly when the distance increases. The triple-layer package is not practical for high-power white LEDs due to the high cost and low conversion efficiency. The dual-layer remote phosphor package with a 0.1 mm phosphorus gap is the optimal structure of WLED in improving luminous efficiency and color rendering index. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
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Oikarinen, Tuomas, Karthik Srinivasan, Olivia Meisner, Julia B. Hyman, Shivangi Parmar, Adrian Fanucci-Kiss, Robert Desimone, Rogier Landman y Guoping Feng. "Erratum: Deep convolutional network for animal sound classification and source attribution using dual audio recordings [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 145, 654 (2019)]". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, n.º 4 (abril de 2019): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5097583.
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Khomchenkova, Irina A. y Daria O. Zhornik. "Именное сочинение и комитативные конструкции в северных диалектах мансийского языка". Ural-Altaic Studies 43, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2021): 124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2021-43-4-124-148.
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The paper describes coordinating and comitative constructions in Northern Mansi. It examines the following coordinating markers: the additive item os ‘ADD’, the lexeme tuwəl ‘then’, and the marker -ɣ ‘DU’ as well as the comitative postposition jot ‘COM’ and the instrumental marker -(ə)l, -təl. It shows that the items os and tuwəl do not impose restrictions on the number and part-of-speech attribution of conjuncts and can coordinate nouns with modifiers. In some idiolects, the basic NP coordinating strategy is to use tuwəl, while os is more restricted and primarily used as an additive particle. The double dual marker can only coordinate two NPs without modifiers. Its main function is to coordinate symmetrical pairs denoting objects that often occur together (e.g., mother and father, daughter and son). The postposition jot is used in the genuine comitative construction as well as in the actant, coordinat-ing, and inclusory constructions. In some idiolects, it is also used in copredicative constructions. The distribution of the instrumental case marker in the comitative function is very limited: it is only used in coordinating and inclusory constructions. In this case, it can be preceded by the dual possessive marker, which refers to both NPs. Furthermore, unlike the postposition jot, the instrumental case marker cannot be attached to pronouns. In coordinating comitative constructions, these markers can coordinate less symmetrical pairs denoting objects that often occur together (for example, mother and daughter).
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Nguyen, Doan Quoc Anh, Xuan Le Phan y Hsiao-Yi Lee. "Enhanced Luminous Flux of White Led using Flat Dual-layer Remote Phosphor Configuration". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 3, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2019): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201932.222.
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The luminous flux of two different dual-remote phosphor structures concluding flat dual-remote phosphor (FDRP) and concave dual-remote phosphor (CDRP) is compared in this paper. The outcomes demonstrate that the FDRP structure is more lucrative than the CDRP structure. The article additionally clears up that in CDRP structure, the distance between two phosphor layers (d1) and the distance between the phosphor layer with the LED surface (d2) enormously affect the optical properties. Moreover, the difference in d1 and d2 causes a dramatic variance in the scattering and absorption properties of the remote phosphor layer and hence hugely affects WLEDs' illumination ability and chromatic uniformity. In order to limit these problems, the correlated color temperature of WLEDs, which is essentially a gauge of how the chromaticity observed when a "black body" radiator is warmed to a foreordained temperature, should be balanced out at 8500K when d1 and d2 vary, requiring a suitable modification of the YAG:Ce3+ phosphor's concentration. When d1 = d2 = 0, the scattering and assimilation in the remote phosphor layer become lowermost, prompting the most reduced viability in both shading quality and iridescent transition, which is confirmed dependent on the unearthly impacts created when these two separations are not same. Then again, when d1 and d2 get bigger, so does the dispersing surface, and the mixing of the blue beams with yellow beams swings to be increasingly homogeneous. This gives the insignificant different white light yet can't achieve any enhancement for luminous flux. According to the researched results, the luminous flux reaches a peak at 1020 lm when d1 = 0.08 mm or d2 = 0.63 mm whereas the chromatic inhomogeneity hits the lowest point when d1 = 0.64 mm or d2 = 1.35 mm.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
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Lee, Hsiao-Yi, Phan Xuan Le y Doan Quoc Anh Nguyen. "The Impacts of Red-emitting Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ Phosphor on Color Quality of Dual-layer Remote Phosphor Configuration". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 3, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201933.250.
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In terms of luminous flux, the remote phosphor structure is better than conformal structure or in-cup phosphor structure, however, this structure often has inferior color quality compared to the others. As a result, many studies have been conducted to nd a solution to the drawback mentioned above. In this research, we are after the same goal using WLEDs structure with color temperature of 5600 K and come to the conclusion that dual-layer phosphor structure can improve the color rendering index (CRI) and the color quality scale (CQS). The concept of the research is to place red phosphor layer Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ on a yellow phosphor layer YAG:Ce3+ and locate the concentration of Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ that allows the color quality to reach the highest value. The result shows that Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ benets CRI and CQS, more specifically, the addition of Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ in WLEDs boosts the red light component, thus, enhancing CRI and CQS. However, it is demonstrated through the application of Mie-scattering theory and Lambert-Beer law that when the concentration of Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ exceed the limit, it can harm the luminous flux of WLEDs. The result of this research is a valuable contribution to improving the techniques of manufacturing better WLEDs with higher white light quality. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
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Nguyen, Doan Quoc Anh. "The Impacts of Red-Emitting SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ Phosphor on Color Quality of Dual-Layer Phosphor Geometry". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 2, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2018): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201823.200.
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When the features of remote phosphor structure are compared with these of conformal phosphor or in-cup phosphor, it is recognized that it is more outstanding than the rest about luminous flux but the quality of color tends to be worse. Through that we have grasped these disadvantages and find out many studies in order to improve the color of the remote phosphor structure. In this study, we propose a dual-layer remote phosphor structure that could improve the color rendering index (CRI) and color quality scale (CQS) for WLEDs. In this study, three similar WLEDs structures but having different color temperatures including 5600 K, 6600 K and 7700K are applied. The principal idea is putting a red phosphoric layer SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ on the yellow phosphorus layer YAG:Ce3+. The results show that SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ brings great benefits to increasing CRI and CQS. Specifically, the greater the concentration of SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ has, the higher CRI and CQS get. However, the declining trend of luminous flux occurs when the SrwFxByOz:Eu2+,Sm2+ concentration exceeds the level. This can be demonstrated through the results of the study and be explained by the Mie dispersion theory and the Lambert-Beer law. The results of this article are important in making WLEDs of higher color quality. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Bykov, Kirill, Anna Hedström, Shinichi Nakajima y Marina M. C. Höhne. "NoiseGrad — Enhancing Explanations by Introducing Stochasticity to Model Weights". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, n.º 6 (28 de junio de 2022): 6132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i6.20561.
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Many efforts have been made for revealing the decision-making process of black-box learning machines such as deep neural networks, resulting in useful local and global explanation methods. For local explanation, stochasticity is known to help: a simple method, called SmoothGrad, has improved the visual quality of gradient-based attribution by adding noise to the input space and averaging the explanations of the noisy inputs. In this paper, we extend this idea and propose NoiseGrad that enhances both local and global explanation methods. Specifically, NoiseGrad introduces stochasticity in the weight parameter space, such that the decision boundary is perturbed. NoiseGrad is expected to enhance the local explanation, similarly to SmoothGrad, due to the dual relationship between the input perturbation and the decision boundary perturbation. We evaluate NoiseGrad and its fusion with SmoothGrad - FusionGrad - qualitatively and quantitatively with several evaluation criteria, and show that our novel approach significantly outperforms the baseline methods. Both NoiseGrad and FusionGrad are method-agnostic and as handy as SmoothGrad using a simple heuristic for the choice of the hyperparameter setting without the need of fine-tuning.
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d’Oliveira, Hans Ulrich Jessurun. "Once again: Plural nationality". Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 25, n.º 1 (febrero de 2018): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x17754020.
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Plural nationality is as normal as single nationality, and it is accepted as inevitable by more and more states. It is the natural result of the existence of states and the vast and overlapping diversity of criteria for attribution of nationality. Von Savigny and Laurent wrestled in their time with similar problems as we witness nowadays, although new phenomena such as sexual equality and increased mobility create new urgencies. Brexit prods some states into embracing dual nationality. Some sensitive areas are explored, first of all antiterrorist measures in the field of nationality, where plural nationality is welcomed as it enables states to divest themselves of unwanted citizens. These policies are discriminatory and weaken the bond of nationality for monopatrides as well. Finally, George Scelle’s theory on dédoublement fonctionnel is used to explain that Member States attribute the nationality of the European Union, leading to Union citizenship, alongside the Union citizenship as based on the nationality of the Member States. This explains the differences between national citizenships and the more limited Union citizenship.
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Giummarra, Melita J., Georgina Lau y Belinda J. Gabbe. "Evaluation of text mining to reduce screening workload for injury-focused systematic reviews". Injury Prevention 26, n.º 1 (26 de agosto de 2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043247.
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IntroductionText mining to support screening in large-scale systematic reviews has been recommended; however, their suitability for reviews in injury research is not known. We examined the performance of text mining in supporting the second reviewer in a systematic review examining associations between fault attribution and health and work-related outcomes after transport injury.MethodsCitations were independently screened in Abstrackr in full (reviewer 1; 10 559 citations), and until no more citations were predicted to be relevant (reviewer 2; 1809 citations, 17.1%). All potentially relevant full-text articles were assessed by reviewer 1 (555 articles). Reviewer 2 used text mining (Wordstat, QDA Miner) to reduce assessment to full-text articles containing ≥1 fault-related exposure term (367 articles, 66.1%).ResultsAbstrackr offered excellent workload savings: 82.7% of citations did not require screening by reviewer 2, and total screening time was reduced by 36.6% compared with traditional dual screening of all citations. Abstrackr predictions had high specificity (83.7%), and low false negatives (0.3%), but overestimated citation relevance, probably due to the complexity of the review with multiple outcomes and high imbalance of relevant to irrelevant records, giving low sensitivity (29.7%) and precision (14.5%). Text mining of full-text articles reduced the number needing to be screened by 33.9%, and reduced total full-text screening time by 38.7% compared with traditional dual screening.ConclusionsOverall, text mining offered important benefits to systematic review workflow, but should not replace full screening by one reviewer, especially for complex reviews examining multiple health or injury outcomes.Trial registration numberCRD42018084123.
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Grainger, Sarah A., Julie D. Henry, Claire K. Naughtin, Marita S. Comino y Paul E. Dux. "Implicit false belief tracking is preserved in late adulthood". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, n.º 9 (1 de enero de 2018): 1980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817734690.
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It is now well established that relative to their younger counterparts, older adults experience difficulties on tasks that require the conscious and explicit processing of others’ mental states (e.g., beliefs, intentions; theory of mind [ToM]). Despite the importance of relatively automatic and unconscious mental state attribution processes in everyday life, no study to date has tested whether tasks that require the implicit processing of others’ belief states also show age-related changes. In this study, younger and older adults completed an implicit false belief task, in which their eye movement patterns were monitored while they passively viewed true and false belief movies. In addition, they were assessed on measures of explicit ToM processing. While older adults showed impairments in explicit ToM processing relative to younger adults, both age groups demonstrated a similar capacity for implicit false belief processing. These findings suggest that implicit components of ToM are preserved in late adulthood and are consistent with dual process models of ageing that emphasise age-related stability in automatic processing and declines in more controlled and effortful cognitive operations. We discuss the potential implications of these findings for social interactions in old age.
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Tran, Thinh Cong, Guo-Feng Luo, Thi Phuong Loan Nguyen, Van Tho Le y Doan Quoc Anh Nguyen. "The Application of Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ and NaYF4:Er3+;Yb3+ and Double Convex Structure in Improving Optical Performance of Phosphor-in-Glass Based White Light-Emitting Diodes". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 4, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.202044.294.
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Improving lighting performance of WLEDs, especially the color quality, has always been a priority in lighting researches. Recently, the conventional remote phosphor configuration is unable to fulfill the needs of the modern lighting market, particularly the high color expression demand has inspired the search for a novel manufacturing procedure. In this study, based on the results from previous studies, the struggles in enhancing lighting performances are pointed out, and a solution, the dual-layer remote phosphor, is proposed from our conducted experiments. Through experiments with NaYF4:Er3+;Yb3+ and Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ phosphors, the dual-layer phosphor is proven to be effective in improving lighting properties such as color rendering index (CRI) and color quality scale (CQS). The research method involves structuring and experimenting with the phosphor configuration of the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ layer with a green NaYF4:Er3+;Yb3+ or a red Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ phosphor layer whose phosphor concentrations are varied. The results show that the red phosphor Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ particles benefit the CRI and CQS because the values of CRI and CQS increase with red phosphor Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ concentration. On the other hand, the green phosphor NaYF4:Er3+;Yb3+ is inferior in improving CRI and CQS but exhibits better luminous flux. Despite being useful in enhancing lighting performance, the phosphor concentration must be kept below a certain level, which will be mentioned in the article, to prevent damages. These results are verified using Mie scattering theory and Lambert-Beer's law and can be utilized in producing WLEDs with high lighting quality. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
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Lee, Hsiao-Yi, Phan Xuan Le y Doan Quoc Anh Nguyen. "Selecting a Suitable Remote Phosphor Configuration for Improving Color Quality of White Led". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 3, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201934.249.
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When compared with two conformal phosphor and in-cup phosphor structures, the remote phosphor structure has higher luminescent performance. However, it is difficult to control the color quality of the remote phosphor structure, so it has become a research target in recent years. So far, there are two remote phosphor structures used to improve color quality including dual-layer phosphor configuration and triple-layer phosphor configuration. This study suggests using those two configurations to make multi-chip white LEDs (WLEDs) that can achieve adequate values in color rendering index (CRI), color quality scale (CQS), luminous efficacy (LE) and color uniformity. WLEDs with a color temperature of 5600 K are applied. Research results show that the triple-layer phosphor configuration is superior in CRI, CQS, LE. Besides, the color deviation decreases significantly, meaning that the color homogeneity increases with the triple-layer phosphor configuration. This can be demonstrated by analyzing the scattering characteristics of phosphor classes through Mie theory, thus making the research results more reliable and valuable for producing quality WLEDs. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
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Tian, Robert Guang. "Shi Zhengyi on Basic Theoretical Issues of Ethnologic Economics". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, n.º 6 (6 de julio de 2022): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.96.12590.
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This paper aims to introduce Professor Shi Zhengyi’s early theoretical views and contributions to ethnic economics to the international academic community. China’s ethnic minorities live in the western regions, and their economic and social development for a long time has been far behind that of the eastern and central areas where the Han majority live. Professor Shi Zhengyi proposed in March 1979 that China needed to establish and develop ethnologic economics. It is a particular branch of economics in China with solid Chinese characteristics. Ethnologic economics, starting from the status and role of ethnic factors in economic activities, studies the economic changes and economic relations of ethnic groups or ethnic regions. The ethnologic economy has the characteristics of duality and diversity, which is the starting point of the study of national economics. Ethnologic economics has adapted to the national conditions of China’s multi-ethnic country and the needs of China’s modernization drive. It has the dual disciplinary attribution of Ethnology and economics. It is hoped that the international academic community will take an interest in ethnologic economics and apply the research results of Chinese ethnologic economists to promote societies in other countries similar to China’s ethnic minority areas’ economic development.
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Higueras-Ruiz, María-José, Francisco-Javier Gómez-Pérez y Jordi Alberich-Pascual. "The showrunner’s skills and responsibilities in the creation and production process of fiction series in the contemporary North American television industry". Communication & Society 34, n.º 4 (5 de octubre de 2021): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.34.4.185-200.
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Contemporary fiction TV series production in North America is characterized by the showrunner figure’s importance. This paper aims to study the concept of “showrunner” as executive-creative producer, analyze the competencies and responsibilities carried out by them during the production process of TV shows according to personal and professional factors, and examine their position within the current television market. For this purpose, a literature review on fiction TV series production and television authorship has been conducted. After this, adopting the focus of media production studies, a qualitative methodology based on in-depth personal interviews has been used, which was carried out with a selection of thirty-six significant executive producers and writers of contemporary American TV series. The findings indicate the relevance of this profile from a historical perspective, and particularly in recent years. Although there is a basic scheme of tasks developed by the showrunner in each phase of the production process, we find differences in this actuation due to personal –sex and nationality– and professional –format/gender and channel– characteristics in this industrial context. The showrunner develops an executive-creative dual profile to maintain the project’s coherence according to the established vision. Their influence over the TV series’ creative features contributes to reflection on television authorship and its attribution to this figure.
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Higueras-Ruiz, María-José, Francisco-Javier Gómez-Pérez y Jordi Alberich-Pascual. "The showrunner’s skills and responsibilities in the creation and production process of fiction series in the contemporary North American television industry". Communication & Society 34, n.º 4 (5 de octubre de 2021): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.34.4.185-200.
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Contemporary fiction TV series production in North America is characterized by the showrunner figure’s importance. This paper aims to study the concept of “showrunner” as executive-creative producer, analyze the competencies and responsibilities carried out by them during the production process of TV shows according to personal and professional factors, and examine their position within the current television market. For this purpose, a literature review on fiction TV series production and television authorship has been conducted. After this, adopting the focus of media production studies, a qualitative methodology based on in-depth personal interviews has been used, which was carried out with a selection of thirty-six significant executive producers and writers of contemporary American TV series. The findings indicate the relevance of this profile from a historical perspective, and particularly in recent years. Although there is a basic scheme of tasks developed by the showrunner in each phase of the production process, we find differences in this actuation due to personal –sex and nationality– and professional –format/gender and channel– characteristics in this industrial context. The showrunner develops an executive-creative dual profile to maintain the project’s coherence according to the established vision. Their influence over the TV series’ creative features contributes to reflection on television authorship and its attribution to this figure.
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Zainal, Nurul Amira, Roslinda Nazar, Kohilavani Naganthran y Ioan Pop. "Unsteady Stagnation Point Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Convectively Heated Stretching/Shrinking Sheet with Velocity Slip". Mathematics 8, n.º 10 (24 de septiembre de 2020): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101649.
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Unsteady stagnation point flow in hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu/H2O) past a convectively heated stretching/shrinking sheet is examined. Apart from the conventional surface of the no-slip condition, the velocity slip condition is considered in this study. By incorporating verified similarity transformations, the differential equations together with their partial derivatives are changed into ordinary differential equations. Throughout the MATLAB operating system, the simplified mathematical model is clarified by employing the bvp4c procedure. The above-proposed approach is capable of producing non-uniqueness solutions when adequate initial assumptions are provided. The findings revealed that the skin friction coefficient intensifies in conjunction with the local Nusselt number by adding up the nanoparticles volume fraction. The occurrence of velocity slip at the boundary reduces the coefficient of skin friction; however, an upward trend is exemplified in the rate of heat transfer. The results also signified that, unlike the parameter of velocity slip, the increment in the unsteady parameter conclusively increases the coefficient of skin friction, and an upsurge attribution in the heat transfer rate is observed resulting from the increment of Biot number. The findings are evidenced to have dual solutions, which inevitably contribute to stability analysis, hence validating the feasibility of the first solution.
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Dutoya, Virginie y Yves Sintomer. "Defining Women’s Representation: Debates around Gender Quotas in India and France". Politics and Governance 7, n.º 3 (24 de septiembre de 2019): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v7i3.2130.
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In 1999, after a heated debate on gender parity in political representation, the French constitution was amended to include the principle of “equal representation” of both sexes. This paved the way for the introduction of gender quotas. In the same period, a bill providing reservations for women at the national level provoked a political crisis in India. The objective of this article is to compare both debates, looking in particular at the way women’s representation was framed. In France, the main argument against quotas was that republican representation should be unitary and transcend social differences, but at the end of the 1990s, women in mainstream politics were seen as one element of the dual nature of human kind, different from other categories such as class or race. In India, the specific representation of certain groups (Dalits, lower castes, tribal groups) had been the traditional framework for political representation since independence in 1947. But when the bill proposed to extend reservations to women, opponents of the project claimed that women did not constitute a category in themselves, and that sex should be intersected with caste and religion for the attribution of quotas. Looking at parliamentary debates, articles, and tribunes supporting or opposing quotas in both countries, we show that the arguments mobilized reveal different conceptions of the political representation of gender difference, which are partly transversal and partly specific to each country.
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Winiger, Patrik, August Andersson, Sabine Eckhardt, Andreas Stohl, Igor P. Semiletov, Oleg V. Dudarev, Alexander Charkin et al. "Siberian Arctic black carbon sources constrained by model and observation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 7 (30 de enero de 2017): E1054—E1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613401114.
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Black carbon (BC) in haze and deposited on snow and ice can have strong effects on the radiative balance of the Arctic. There is a geographic bias in Arctic BC studies toward the Atlantic sector, with lack of observational constraints for the extensive Russian Siberian Arctic, spanning nearly half of the circum-Arctic. Here, 2 y of observations at Tiksi (East Siberian Arctic) establish a strong seasonality in both BC concentrations (8 ng⋅m−3 to 302 ng⋅m−3) and dual-isotope–constrained sources (19 to 73% contribution from biomass burning). Comparisons between observations and a dispersion model, coupled to an anthropogenic emissions inventory and a fire emissions inventory, give mixed results. In the European Arctic, this model has proven to simulate BC concentrations and source contributions well. However, the model is less successful in reproducing BC concentrations and sources for the Russian Arctic. Using a Bayesian approach, we show that, in contrast to earlier studies, contributions from gas flaring (6%), power plants (9%), and open fires (12%) are relatively small, with the major sources instead being domestic (35%) and transport (38%). The observation-based evaluation of reported emissions identifies errors in spatial allocation of BC sources in the inventory and highlights the importance of improving emission distribution and source attribution, to develop reliable mitigation strategies for efficient reduction of BC impact on the Russian Arctic, one of the fastest-warming regions on Earth.
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Zhou, Tingting y Juan LI. "Does mixed ownership improve the financial quality of Chinese listed companies?" Nankai Business Review International 8, n.º 3 (7 de agosto de 2017): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-05-2016-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore financial quality problems, based on the dynamics of the ownership structure, in the privatization process to clarify the internal relation among the ownership’s attribution of the commercial mixed ownership company, the company’s performance and its financial relationships. This paper also examines the mixed ownership enterprise’s potential problems during the development process. Design/methodology/approach Adopting the single case study method, the authors selected the mixed ownership public company Hubei Sanxia New Building Materials Co., Ltd. (stock code: 600293) to explore, from a privatization perspective, the impact of mixed ownership on financial quality. Findings The study found that Sanxia experienced tight cash flow and heavy debt burdens due to the privatization and that its controlling shareholders used non-operating income to support Sanxia, thus characterizing the dual role of “the grabbing hand” and “the helping hand.” Sanxia’s privatization process highlighted the volatility of performance, the exception of monetary funds and the existence of accounting fraud rather than the prosperous development of the capital combination. Originality/value These findings provided case support that privatization negatively affects the financial quality of the company. Previous studies have indicated that there should be greater focus more on the issue that state-owned shares rebound during the process of privatization and that, with respect to commercial mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises, such reform must avoid the passive transfer of corporate control, ensure the fairness of the related transactions, prevent the loss of state-owned assets and preclude the controlling shareholders from seizing interests of listed companies.
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Rössler, J., L. Unterrassner, T. Wyss, H. Haker, P. Brugger, W. Rössler y D. Wotruba. "L-dopa Modulates Striatal Functional Connectivity in Adults with Psychotic-like Experiences: A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.306.
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IntroductionAccording to the dopamine hypothesis functional brain abnormalities and neurochemical alterations may converge to cause psychosis through aberrant salience attribution. Indeed, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has revealed widespread brain disconnectivity across the psychotic spectrum.ObjectivesTo advance the understanding of the dopaminergic involvement in intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) and its putative relationship to the development of psychotic disorders we aimed to investigate the link between L-Dopa, a dopamine precursor, and its modulation of striatal iFC in subthreshold psychosis, i.e. non-clinical psychosis.MethodsWe used a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study design including in our sample 56 healthy, male, right-handed, subjects with no familiar risk factors for psychosis who were assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and underwent 10 minutes of rs-fMRI scanning. All subjects received either 250 mg of Madopar DR®(200 mg L-Dopa plus 50 mg benserazid, dual release form) or a placebo. We analysed resting-state iFC of 6 striatal seeds, known to evoke dopamine related networks.ResultsThe main effect of L-Dopa presented itself (FWE-corrected) as a significant decrease in iFC from the right ventral striatum to the cerebellum and the precuneus cortex, and an increase in iFC to the occipital cortex. Subjects with high SPQ positive symptom sub-scores showed a significant increase of L-Dopa induced connectivity.ConclusionWe identified striatal functional connectivity being modulated by augmented dopamine availability, and in support of the dopamine hypothesis, we found that those iFC patterns are associated to high scores of psychotic like experiences.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Thong, Nguyen Doan Minh, Dang Nguyen Hai Son, Sang Dang Ho, Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh y Hsiao-Yi Lee. "The Use of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ and CaTiO3:Pr3+ in a Dual-layer Remote Phosphor Configuration Improves the Optical Efficiencies of a Phosphor-in-Glass White Light-Emitting Diode". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 6, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55579/jaec.202261.339.
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Although distant phosphor structure is not the best choice for color fidelity of white-light-emitting diode (W-LED) sources, it benefits the luminous flux of LED more than conformal or in-cup phosphor models. After recognizing the potential of remote phosphor structures, numerous studies have been done to overcome their drawbacks of light chromaticity. In this study, a phosphor package with two phosphor films is suggested for the W-LED. The two-layer remote phosphor structure is recognized to offer a great probability of heightened chromatic rendering parameters, including the color rending index CRI and the color quality scale CQS. The color temperature of the W-LEDs employed in this investigation is 8500 K. Placing a layer of green Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ or red CaTiO3:Pr3+ phosphor on top of the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ layer will create the desired two-layered phosphor structure's form. The added phosphor CaTiO3:Pr3+ concentration will then be adjusted to achieve the best color quality. The existence of CaTiO3:Pr3+ increased CRI and CQS, implying that it has a significant impact on these two features. The concentration of CaTiO3:Pr3+ parallel with the CRI and CQS as the red spectral component is promoted within the W-LED. In the meantime, the green phosphor Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ advances the luminous flux. However, if the red CaTiO3:Pr3+ and green Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor concentrations are above the respective levels, it will diminish the luminous flux and color quality. According to Mie-scattering theory and Lambert- Beer's law to describe the outcome of this research. The conclusions of this study are crucial guidelines for producing better white light quality in W-LEDs.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
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Lu, Xinyi, Stephen J. Harris, Rebecca E. Fisher, James L. France, Euan G. Nisbet, David Lowry, Thomas Röckmann et al. "Isotopic signatures of major methane sources in the coal seam gas fields and adjacent agricultural districts, Queensland, Australia". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, n.º 13 (14 de julio de 2021): 10527–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10527-2021.
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Abstract. In regions where there are multiple sources of methane (CH4) in close proximity, it can be difficult to apportion the CH4 measured in the atmosphere to the appropriate sources. In the Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia, coal seam gas (CSG) developments are surrounded by cattle feedlots, grazing cattle, piggeries, coal mines, urban centres and natural sources of CH4. The characterization of carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δD) stable isotopic composition of CH4 can help distinguish between specific emitters of CH4. However, in Australia there is a paucity of data on the various isotopic signatures of the different source types. This research examines whether dual isotopic signatures of CH4 can be used to distinguish between sources of CH4 in the Surat Basin. We also highlight the benefits of sampling at nighttime. During two campaigns in 2018 and 2019, a mobile CH4 monitoring system was used to detect CH4 plumes. Sixteen plumes immediately downwind from known CH4 sources (or individual facilities) were sampled and analysed for their CH4 mole fraction and δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures. The isotopic signatures of the CH4 sources were determined using the Keeling plot method. These new source signatures were then compared to values documented in reports and peer-reviewed journal articles. In the Surat Basin, CSG sources have δ13CCH4 signatures between −55.6 ‰ and −50.9 ‰ and δDCH4 signatures between −207.1 ‰ and −193.8 ‰. Emissions from an open-cut coal mine have δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -60.0±0.6 ‰ and -209.7±1.8 ‰ respectively. Emissions from two ground seeps (abandoned coal exploration wells) have δ13CCH4 signatures of -59.9±0.3 ‰ and -60.5±0.2 ‰ and δDCH4 signatures of -185.0±3.1 ‰ and -190.2±1.4 ‰. A river seep had a δ13CCH4 signature of -61.2±1.4 ‰ and a δDCH4 signature of -225.1±2.9 ‰. Three dominant agricultural sources were analysed. The δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of a cattle feedlot are -62.9±1.3 ‰ and -310.5±4.6 ‰ respectively, grazing (pasture) cattle have δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -59.7±1.0 ‰ and -290.5±3.1 ‰ respectively, and a piggery sampled had δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -47.6±0.2 ‰ and -300.1±2.6 ‰ respectively, which reflects emissions from animal waste. An export abattoir (meat works and processing) had δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -44.5±0.2 ‰ and -314.6±1.8 ‰ respectively. A plume from a wastewater treatment plant had δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 signatures of -47.6±0.2 ‰ and -177.3±2.3 ‰ respectively. In the Surat Basin, source attribution is possible when both δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 are measured for the key categories of CSG, cattle, waste from feedlots and piggeries, and water treatment plants. Under most field situations using δ13CCH4 alone will not enable clear source attribution. It is common in the Surat Basin for CSG and feedlot facilities to be co-located. Measurement of both δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 will assist in source apportionment where the plumes from two such sources are mixed.
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Dang, Nguyen Hai Son, Doan Minh Thong Nguyen, Thi Phuong Loan Nguyen, Doan Quoc Anh Nguyen y Hsiao-Yi Lee. "Enhance WLEDs Performance with Additional Phosphor Materials in Multi-Layer Remote Structure". Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 5, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.55579/jaec.202153.305.
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One of the most important factors used to evaluate lighting performances ofWLEDs is the angular color uniformity (ACU). The triple-layer remote phosphor structure is considered as a proposed mechanism for elevating the ACU of a WLED. The analysis on the triple-layer structure's efficiency is specifically demonstrated in this article. Additionally, there are detailed comparisons between the triple-layer (TL) and the dual-layer (DL) geometries to reinforce the idea of using TL packaging for WLED optical enhancements. The WLEDs with average correlated color temperatures (ACCTs) of 6600 K and 7700 K are utilized for experiments. According to the outcomes, the attained color rendering index from DL design is higher than the one from TL package. However, the TL shows better color quality scale (CQS) than the DL, regardless of ACCTs. Besides, not only does the TL yield better CQS but also heighten the lumen efficiency. On top of that, the ACU of TL WLED model is much higher than that of the DL as a result of deviated correlated color temperature reduction at all ACCTs. This result is more obvious at the high ACCT of 7700 K, in other words, the ACU of a high-ACCT WLED shows more visible enhancement with TL structure. From these results, the triple-layer remote phosphor structure stands out as the promising advancement in the production of high-quality WLEDs.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.