Artículos de revistas: "Driver-In-The-Loop simulation"

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Cammaerts, Kia, Phil Morse y Kazuharu Kidera. "Leistungssteigerung durch Driver-in-the-Loop-Simulation". ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 121, n.º 1 (28 de diciembre de 2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35148-018-0206-1.

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Chen, Huan Ming. "Driver Model Based on Controller with Open and Close Loop". Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (febrero de 2014): 958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.958.

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It is very important to simulate driver's manipulation for people - car - road closed loop simulation system. In this paper, the driver model is divided into two parts, linear vehicle model is used to simulate the driver's driving experience, and closed-loop feedback is used to characterize the driver's emergency feedback. The lateral acceleration of vehicle is used as feedback in closed loop control. Simulation results show that the smaller lateral acceleration requires the less closed-loop feedback control. The driver model can accurately track the target path, which can be used to simulate the manipulation of the driver. The driver model can be used for people - car - road closed loop simulation to evaluate vehicle handling stability.

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Song, Qiang y Lin Luo. "Speed-Tracking Driver Model Used in Hardware-in-Loop Simulation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (noviembre de 2013): 1222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1222.

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An Incremental Structure of Speed-Tracking Driver Model was Developed by Using PID and Fuzzy Compound Control, and the Actual Driver's Handling Features and the Application of Hardware-in-Loop Simulation had been Fully Considered in this Model. Operation Delay, Shifting Coordination, Anti-Saturation of Integral, Zero-Speed Correction and Pre-Compensation Control were Proposed. the merits and demerits were Studied with Different Control Methods. the Results Show that Better Overshoot and Steady Accuracy are Obtained by PID and Fuzzy Control, and it’s the Several Correction Modules that make the Driver Model more Approximate to Real Driving Characteristics and more Conducive to the Practical Application of Hardware-in-Loop Simulation.

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Bao, Chunjiang, Jiwei Feng, Jian Wu, Shifu Liu, Guangfei Xu y Haizhu Xu. "Model predictive control of steering torque in shared driving of autonomous vehicles". Science Progress 103, n.º 3 (julio de 2020): 003685042095013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420950138.

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The current path tracking control method is usually based on the steering wheel angle loop, which often makes the driver lose control of the automatic driving control loop. In order to involve the driver in the automatic driving control loop, and to solve the vehicle path tracking control problem with system robustness and model uncertainty, this paper puts forward a steering torque control method based on model predictive control algorithm. Based on the vehicle model, this method introduces the steering system model and the steering resistance torque model, and calculates the optimal control torque of the vehicle through the real-time vehicle status, so as to make up for the model mismatch, interference and other uncertainties, and ensure the real-time participation of the driver in the automatic driving control loop. To combine the nonlinear vehicle dynamics model with the steering column model, and to take the vehicle state parameters as the feedback variables of the model predictive controller model, then input the solution of the steering superposition control rate into the vehicle model, the design of the steering controller is realized. Finally, to carry out the simulation of lane keeping based on CarSim software and Simulink control model, and the hardware in-the-loop test on the hardware in-the-loop experimental platform of CarSim/LabVIEW-RT. The simulation and test results indicate that the designed torque loop path tracking control method based on model predictive control can help the driver track the target path better.

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V. Gowda, Dankan, Ramachandra A C, Thippeswamy M N, Pandurangappa C y Ramesh Naidu P. "Automotive braking system simulations V diagram approach". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 3 (21 de agosto de 2018): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.15666.

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This Paper focus, on the different stages associated with the advancement of Automobile Braking Control system. Different V-Models (SIL, MIL, HIL, and DIL) are contrasted with the proposed V model for Hydraulic antilock braking system. The main objective of this research is to enable various loop simulations used in a variety of automotive industries, in order to analyze the performance of different safety functions. A vehicle model is used to represent a real vehicle in a model-based environment. Vehicle model is a sophisticated component, which makes use of two wheeler dynamics concepts to achieve a real vehicle behavior. In this research, an attempt is made to elaborate the various automotive simulations used starting from model in loop simulation to Driver in loop Simulation approaches followed by a V-diagram approach to develop the product. Here an ABS controller is taken as an example model for simulation.

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Piksa, Ondřej, Adam Orlický y Martin Scháno. "U SMART ZONE – Creating highly realistic virtual environment for vehicle-in-the-loop simulations". Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 41 (27 de septiembre de 2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.41.0049.

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Developing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Vehicles (AV) based on machine learning is generally an extensive and costly process. Due to the increasing complexity of autonomous systems, the need for extensive testing and validation arises. In recent years, computer simulation has been used for these purposes. Performing realistic simulations, especially for the purpose of computer vision-based systems, requires a high-quality, almost photorealistic virtual environment. This paper introduces U SMART ZONE, a high-fidelity virtual model of the Severní Terasa district in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic comprising of more than 7.5 km of drivable roads with a total area of approximately 1.4 km2 for human-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulations.

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He, Lin, Jie Bai, He Xu Sun y Jie Gao. "Modeling and Simulation of 8/6 SRM Control System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 160 (marzo de 2012): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.160.277.

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This paper introduced and analysis the various components of switched reluctance motor driver system, built each part of the simulation model in Simulink and described the functions and working principle of them. Connecting each simulation model of the system constituted a simulation model of SRD. The system uses dual-loop control, the speed loop with PI control, current loop with angle position and current chopped control methods. It ensures that we can get a satisfactory performance when SRM in the low-speed or high-speed. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of PI regulator error-free speed adjustment.

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Howson, Thomas y Ineke De Moortel. "Heating and Cooling in Transversely Oscillating Coronal Loops Powered by Broadband, Multi-Directional Wave Drivers". Physics 5, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2023): 140–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics5010011.

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Recent studies have identified the potential for coronal wave heating to balance radiative losses in a transversely oscillating low-density loop undergoing resonant absorption, phase mixing and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. This result relied on a continuous, resonant oscillatory driver acting on one of the loop footpoints and similar setups with non-resonant driving produce insufficient heating. Here, we consider broadband and multi-directional drivers with power in both resonant and non-resonant frequencies. Using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we impose transverse, continuous velocity drivers at the footpoints of a coronal loop, which is dense in comparison to the background plasma. We include the effects of optically thin radiation and a uniform background heating term that maintains the temperature of the external plasma but is insufficient to balance energy losses within the loop. For both broadband and multi-directional drivers, we find that the energy dissipation rates are sufficient to balance the average energy losses throughout the simulation volume. Resonant components of the wave driver efficiently inject energy into the system and these frequencies dominate the energetics. Although the mean radiative losses are balanced, the loop core cools in all cases as the wave heating rates are locally insufficient, despite the relatively low density considered here.

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Previati, Giorgio y Gianpiero Mastinu. "SUMO Roundabout Simulation with Human in the Loop". SUMO Conference Proceedings 4 (29 de junio de 2023): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/scp.v4i.211.

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Traffic simulators rely on calibrated driver models in order to reproduce human behavior in different traffic scenarios. Even if quite accurate results can be obtained, the actual interaction between human being and traffic cannot be completely reproduced. In particular, as automated vehicles are being developed, the human in the loop is required to understand whether drivers feel comfortable and safe in mixed traffic conditions. In recent years, dynamic driving simulators have been developed to test vehicles in complex or dangerous situations in safe and controlled environments. However, driving simulators are mostly devoted to the study of vehicle dynamics more than traffic situations.This paper presents an integration of SUMO with a high end dynamic driving simulator with the aim to study human reactions while negotiating a roundabout in mixed traffic conditions. SUMO is in charge of traffic simulation, while a full vehicle model is employed for the simulation of the dynamic of the human driven car. To allow a human to effectively drive the car, both simulation environments have to run in real time while exchanging the required information. Also, scenario graphics, sound and driving simulator feedback motion have to be accurately realized and synchronized with the simulations. A real-time server is employed for the synchronization of the different environments. As SUMO does not consider vehicle dynamics, particular attention is devoted to the a realistic reconstruction of trajectories and vehicle dynamics to be represented in the scenario. Some preliminary tests are shown where a panel of testers has been asked to negotiate the roundabout with different percentages of automated vehicles. The results of the tests show that drivers were able to perceive differences in the behavior of other vehicles and that the proposed approach is effective for understanding the feeling of comfort and safety of the human driver.

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Chang, Xiao Fei, Meng Meng Li y Ji Yan. "Developing the Driver Module for PCI Board Using RT-LAB Software". Advanced Materials Research 505 (abril de 2012): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.505.357.

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The RT-LAB real-time simulation software can expediently and rapidly apply the Simulink model to the hard-in-the-loop simulation system and greatly save the expenses for development, experiment and measurement, thus cutting down the development cycle. The use of the self-made PCI board in the RT-LAB software requires the development of its driver module by the user himself. This paper presents the idea and development processes of the PCI bus-based board driver with the RT-LAB software. Taking as an example the NI-6230 multifunctional data acquisition board driver, the paper also presents the PCI board driver's key codes and their compilation with the RT-LAB software.

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Nasir, Mohd Zakaria Mohammad, Abdurahman Dwijotomo, Mohd Azman Abdullah, Muhammad Zahir Hassan y Khisbullah Hudha. "Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for Automatic Rack and Pinion Steering System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (noviembre de 2012): 2135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2135.

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As new features for driver assistance and active safety system are going rapidly in vehicle, the interface between hardware and simulation model within a virtual and real environment has become necessity. In this paper, a Hardware-in-the-loop Simulations (HILS) test rig has been develop using actual rack and pinion steering mechanism with controller in Matlab xPC Target environment, LVDT and rotary encoder sensors installed for data measurement at various steering angle. It can manipulate the steering mechanism with various control structure, decrease time with real experiment and trial risk as well as improve development efficiency. Results from HILS experimental model demonstrate a linear pattern occurred from maximum lock-to-lock steering wheel angle with acceptable error.

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Skirvin, Samuel J., Yuhang Gao y Tom Van Doorsselaere. "Alfvénic Motions Arising from Asymmetric Acoustic Wave Drivers in Solar Magnetic Structures". Astrophysical Journal 949, n.º 2 (25 de mayo de 2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acca7d.

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Abstract Alfvénic motions are ubiquitous in the solar atmosphere and their observed properties are closely linked to those of photospheric p-modes. However, it is still unclear how a predominantly acoustic wave driver can produce these transverse oscillations in the magnetically dominated solar corona. In this study we conduct a 3D magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulation to model a straight, expanding coronal loop in a gravitationally stratified solar atmosphere which includes a transition region and chromosphere. We implement a driver locally at one foot-point corresponding to an acoustic–gravity wave which is inclined by θ = 15° with respect to the vertical axis of the magnetic structure and is equivalent to a vertical driver incident on an inclined loop. We show that transverse motions are produced in the magnetic loop, which displace the axis of the waveguide due to the breaking of azimuthal symmetry, and study the resulting modes in the theoretical framework of a magnetic cylinder model. By conducting an azimuthal Fourier analysis of the perturbed velocity signals, the contribution from different cylindrical modes is obtained. Furthermore, the perturbed vorticity is computed to demonstrate how the transverse motions manifest themselves throughout the whole non-uniform space. Finally we present some physical properties of the Alfvénic perturbations and present transverse motions with velocity amplitudes in the range 0.2–0.75 km s−1 which exhibit two distinct oscillation regimes corresponding to 42 and 364 s, where the latter value is close to the period of the p-mode driver in the simulation.

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Rymarczyk, Tomasz y Grzegorz Kłosowski. "THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AUTOMATED IN-HOUSE LOGISTICS CENTRES". Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 8, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2018): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8649.

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The paper deals with the problem of works transport organization in logistic center with the use of artificial intelligence algorithms. The presented approach is based on non-changeable path during travel along a given loop. The ordered set of containers requesting transport service was determined by fuzzy logic, while the sequence of containers in a loop was optimized by genetic algorithms. A solution for semi-autonomous transport vehicles wherein the control system informs the driver about optimal route was presented. The obtained solution was verified by a computer simulation.

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He, Hui, Kun Zhang y Peng Wang. "Simulation for Vehicle Handling Performance Based on the Cybernetic Model of “Driver-Vehicle-Road” Closed-Loop System". Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (julio de 2011): 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1256.

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In this paper, a cybernetic model of “driver-vehicle-road” closed-loop system including a driver model and a steering system model is built under the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Then, the influence of different dynamic characteristics of steering system on vehicle handling and stability is studied. The results suggest that the “driver-vehicle” model built has a high tracking precision in following the path; Increasing the rigidity of steering system or decreasing the dilatory distance of front tire can enhance the tracking precision and can minish the driving burden and the fatalness of side-tip, the total evaluation result of vehicle performance will be optimized as well.

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Gao 高, Yuhang 宇航, Mingzhe Guo, Tom Van Doorsselaere, Hui Tian y Samuel J. Skirvin. "Modeling of Transverse Oscillations Driven by p-modes in Short Coronal Loops". Astrophysical Journal 955, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2023): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf454.

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Abstract Recent observations have revealed two types of decayless transverse oscillations in short coronal loops: one with short periods scaling with loop lengths, and the other with longer periods that exhibit a peak at around 5 minutes in the period distribution. To understand such a difference in period, we work in the framework of ideal MHD and model a short coronal loop embedded in an atmosphere with density stratification from the chromosphere to the corona. An inclined p-mode-like driver with a period of 5 minutes is launched at one loop footpoint. It is discovered that two types of decayless transverse oscillations can be excited in the loop. We interpret the 5 minutes periodicity as being directly driven by the footpoint driver, while the others, with periods of several tens of seconds, are regarded as kink eigenmodes of different harmonics. Therefore, our simulation shows that both types of decayless oscillations found in observations can be excited by p-modes in one short coronal loop. This study extends our understanding of ubiquitous decayless transverse oscillations in the corona. Furthermore, it suggests that p-modes could be an important energy source for coronal heating by driving decayless transverse oscillations.

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Yan, Mingyue, Wuwei Chen, Qidong Wang, Linfeng Zhao, Xiutian Liang y Bixin Cai. "Human–Machine Cooperative Control of Intelligent Vehicles for Lane Keeping—Considering Safety of the Intended Functionality". Actuators 10, n.º 9 (28 de agosto de 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10090210.

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Reasonably foreseeable misuse by persons, as a primary aspect of safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF), has a significant effect on cooperation performance for lane keeping. This paper presents a novel human–machine cooperative control scheme with consideration of SOTIF issues caused by driver error. It is challenging to balance lane keeping performance and driving freedom when driver error occurs. A safety evaluation strategy is proposed for safety supervision, containing assessments of driver error and lane departure risk caused by driver error. A dynamic evaluation model of driver error is designed based on a typical driver model in the loop to deal with the uncertainty and variability of driver behavior. Additionally, an extension model is established for determining the cooperation domain. Then, an authority allocation strategy is proposed to generate a dynamic shared authority and achieve an adequate balance between lane keeping performance and driving freedom. Finally, a model predictive control (MPC)-based controller is designed for calculating optimal steering angle, and a steer-by-wheel (SBW) system is employed as an actuator. Numerical simulation tests are conducted on driver error scenarios based on the CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink software platforms. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Sanchez, René Osorio, Jesse Yoe Rumbo Morales, Gerardo Ortiz Torres, Alan Francisco Pérez Vidal, Jesús Elias Valdez Resendiz, Felipe de Jesús Sorcia Vázquez y Nimrod Vaquez Nava. "Discrete State-Feedback Control Design with D-Stability and Genetic Algorithm for LED Driver Using a Buck Converter". International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (21 de julio de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8165149.

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In this paper, a discrete state-feedback controller is applied to control the current in power LEDs by using a buck converter. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the controller are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) with D-stability theory. In order to consider the specific closed-loop dynamics of the closed-loop LED driver, the genetic algorithm (GA) technique is applied, as a complement of the D-stability theory. Therefore, the proposed GA technique is used to search offline the optimal closed-loop eigenvalues to have a desired response of the closed-loop system, subject to a proposed cost function equation. The main contribution of this work is the design and the experimental validation of both the state-feedback controller and the GA to achieve the desired closed-loop dynamics of the LED-driver system. Finally, simulations and experimental results are done in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

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D, Srinivasa Rao, Sandhya Rani MN, Sarfaraz Nawaz Syed y Suresh Kumar Tummala. "Gate Driver Circuit Design, PWM signal generation using FEZ Panda III and Arduino for Inverter". E3S Web of Conferences 87 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198701003.

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This paper presents the gate driver circuit design and PWM signal generation using FEZ panda III and Arduino boards for Inverter. FEZ panda III works on .net micro framework and all its programming, debugging features are available through Microsoft’s Visual studio whereas Arduino features are available through Arduino software. Inverters are used in various applications like in motor drives and solar and wind power applications. This paper is commenced by basic understanding of need of gate driver circuit for inverter and different types of PWM techniques for generating gate signals for inverter. Simulation of SPWM inverter in both open loop and closed loop operation is done and its respective gate voltage waveforms are studied and later hardware implementation of gate driver circuit using TLP250H IC is carried out and gate voltages at different duty cycles is studied with the help of FEZ Panda III and Arduino boards.

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Wang, Yan, Long Han, Meng Ling Wu y Zhuo Jun Luo. "A Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Test Bench for Subway Train Brake Systems". Advanced Materials Research 1064 (diciembre de 2014): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1064.219.

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A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation test bench for subway train brake systems is built in this paper to avoid the high costs of brake system field tests and maintain the reliability of test results. The HIL simulation test bench consists of a simulation part a hardware part. The simulation part includes a train model and a GUI. The hardware part mainly consists of six pneumatic brakes and a driver controller, which is used to generate brake commands. Signal transmissions between the simulation and hardware parts are realized using DAQ and signal transformation boards, as well as an MVB network. Test results suggest that the HIL test bench proposed is able to reproduce the braking behaviours of a train rather well, thus it can be used to carry out train braking tests in place of the costly field tests in some occasions.

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Yu, Wen Ming. "In-the-Loop Simulation Based on the Test Bed of Automotive Steer-by-Wire System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 705 (diciembre de 2014): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.705.142.

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Automotive steer-by-wire system uses electronic signaling to transfer the command and causes the motor-driven steering. It can improve the maneuverability and stability of the driver steering. This article first discussed the car-by-wire steering system structure and working principle. Then, it builds the in-the-loop simulation based on the test bed of automotive steer-by-wire system. Moreover, this paper researches the test bad design of the automotive steer-by-wire system. The operation module controller is designed based on the of the automotive steer-by-wire system. At last, we can find out the qualitative simulation results.

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Guan, Hsin, Li Zeng Zhang y Xin Jia. "An Optimal Preview Acceleration Driver Model with a Correction Factor for Vehicle Directional Control". Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (octubre de 2013): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.623.

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Parameters of the optimal preview acceleration driver model for vehicle directional control are determined by drivers delay/lag time and parameters of the reference model of the controlled vehicle. A moving vehicle is a time-varying and nonlinear system, so it is difficult to obtain accurate parameters of the reference model. If large modeling errors of the reference model occur, the classic driver model cannot ensure the driver/vehicle closed-loop system have a satisfactory performance. In this paper, an improved optimal preview acceleration model with a correction factor was proposed, which is based on sensitivity analysis and MRAC (the model reference adaptive control). Simulation results show that the improved driver model has more satisfactory adaptability and robustness comparing with the classic driver model.

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Xiao, Di, Li Li, Ping Fei Li y Jing Su. "Modeling and Co-Simulation of Stop and Go Cruise Control System". Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (junio de 2014): 1486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1486.

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Vehicle stop and go frequently can cause driver fatigue, even traffic accidents. In order to mitigate driver fatigue and the risk of rear-end collision accidents, a set of hierarchical vehicle stop and go cruise control system(S&G) was established. A vehicle dynamics model was created with Carsim, the determination of safety distance was based on headway method. Then upper controller and lower controller were designed separately based on optimal control and fuzzy PID control principle. Finally, a simulation loop was built in Simulink. Through a co-simulation conducted under typical S&G driving condition, got speed change curves,acceleration change curves and relative distance change curves of host vehicle while following the target vehicle. The results show that the S&G system designed can make host vehicle well follow the speed change of leading vehicle while keeping an appropriate safety distance, stop and go automatically, reduce driver fatigue and improve vehicle active safety.

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Liu, Ronghuang, Ke Lu, Yuan Zhu y Zhihong Wu. "An Evaluation Method of Vehicle Functional Safety Controllability Based on Driver-in-the-Loop Platform". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2173, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2173/1/012054.

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Abstract Existing vehicle functional safety controllability evaluation methods are difficult to implement in practice and lack quantitative evaluation basis. In this paper, we propose a simulation-based scenario evaluation method, which can achieve verifiable, quantitative, and generalized functional safety controllability evaluation. The method focuses on the driver’s reaction model. By analyzing the driver’s behavior in emergency braking scenarios, we propose the “remaining collision distance” metrics as the controllability criterion. To investigate the reaction time of drivers in different emergencies, we experimented in a driver-in-the-loop platform and classified the scenario factors that might affect controllability. The results show that our method is feasible to evaluate the controllability of vehicle-functional safety in emergency braking scenarios.

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Vangi, Dario, Antonio Virga y Michelangelo-Santo Gulino. "Adaptive intervention logic for automated driving systems based on injury risk minimization". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, n.º 13 (26 de junio de 2020): 2975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020931228.

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Performance improvement of advanced driver assistance systems yields two major benefits: increasingly rapid progress towards autonomous driving and a simultaneous advance in vehicle safety. Integration of multiple advanced driver assistance systems leads to the so-called automated driving system, which can intervene jointly on braking and steering to avert impending crashes. Nevertheless, obstacles such as stationary vehicles and buildings can interpose between the opponent vehicles and the working field of advanced driver assistance systems’ sensors, potentially resulting in an inevitable collision state. Currently available devices cannot properly handle an inevitable collision state, because its occurrence is not subject to evaluations by the system. In the present work, criteria for intervention on braking and steering are introduced, based on the vehicle occupants’ injury risk. The system must monitor the surrounding and act on the degrees of freedom adapting to the evolution of the scenario, following an adaptive logic. The model-in-the-loop, software-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop for such adaptive intervention are first introduced. To highlight the potential benefits offered by the adaptive advanced driver assistance systems, simulation software has been developed. The adaptive logic has been tested in correspondence of three inevitable collision state conditions between two motor vehicles: at each instant, the adaptive logic attitude of creating impact configurations associated with minimum injury risk is ultimately demonstrated.

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Hein, Cheryl M. "Driving Simulators: Six Years of Hands-On Experience at Hughes Aircraft Company". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, n.º 9 (octubre de 1993): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700920.

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In 1987 Hughes Aircraft Company launched a fledgling driving simulation laboratory. For six years the facility has been actively used for human factors research, product design and engineering, market research and the development of simulation technology. Review this facility's brief history reveals a concurrent evolution in sophistication of technical capability and applications with some interesting lessons learned regarding the use of driving simulators. The implications for researchers and product developers considering the use of driver-in-the-loop simulation tools are discussed.

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Zhao, ShuanFeng y Wei Guo. "The Implementation of Driver Model Based on the Attention Transfer Process". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3714254.

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To describe the characteristics of driver’s attention changing with driving environment, establish the relation between driver model parameter and driver’s attention, seek for mapping relation between driver’s behavior and vehicle’s running status data, and provide individualized driver simulation model for unmanned car controller or for driver’s mental state inversion based on vehicle’s running status data, the paper established a driver model based on driver’s attention and deduced the relation between attention intensity and continuous driving time according to the process of driver’s attention change from concentration to distraction and the distribution characteristics of their durations. The relationship between driver’s mental state and manual closed-loop driving model parameters is established according to the transfer rule of attention in the driving course, and it is applied to driver model based on dynamical regulation neural network. Finally the paper researched dynamics evolution characteristics of vehicle running caused by fatigue driving in the environment of double lane change and large curvature, with test result verifying the effectiveness and accuracy of the driver model based on the attention transfer process.

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Zhang, Liang, Bin Jiao y Xiu Hong Guo. "Control and HIL Simulation of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming Algorithm". Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (agosto de 2014): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1149.

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Hybrid electric vehicles has the potential to save energy consumption and relieve exhaust gas emission while the power flow control techniques are very important for improving a hybrid electric vehicle’s performance. In this paper, the system simulation and control method of series hybrid electric vehicles were proposed. The control method was based on enhancing the energy transfer efficiency based on dynamic programming algorithm. The hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation was constructed containing a real-time driver and controller in the simulation platform, which can be used to evaluate the proposed strategy.

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Ke, Jinkun, Jinbo Feng, Yuchao Huang, Zhaoliang Guan, Hangyu Xu y Ming Zhao. "Design of Active Closed-loop Driver Chip for SiC". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2625, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2023): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2625/1/012058.

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Abstract The SiC active control scheme mainly uses phased control, which makes the circuit implementation complex and unfavorable to design due to the need for detection circuits. And the longer feedback delay will affect the accuracy of the control. In this paper, a closed-loop driving SiC scheme is proposed. By integrating the driver circuit, protection circuit, and detection circuit on one chip, the SiC drive current is controlled by a staged control scheme, which can reduce the switching loss with low current and voltage overcharge. The specific circuit design uses Hua Hong BCD350GE technology, which mainly includes a power supply module, a feedback signal processing module, an Undervoltage protection module, a desaturation protection module, a logic control module, and a driver output module, and is verified by beat virtuoso simulation. Test results show that compared with Infineon driver chip 1EDS20I12SV, the switching loss of SiC is reduced by 25.75% when driving SiC at the same turn-off voltage, and the loss reduction is more obvious.

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Xie, Ju, Xing Xu, Feng Wang y Haobin Jiang. "Modeling human-like longitudinal driver model for intelligent vehicles based on reinforcement learning". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, n.º 8 (5 de enero de 2021): 2226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020983579.

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The driver model is the decision-making and control center of intelligent vehicle. In order to improve the adaptability of intelligent vehicles under complex driving conditions, and simulate the manipulation characteristics of the skilled driver under the driver-vehicle-road closed-loop system, a kind of human-like longitudinal driver model for intelligent vehicles based on reinforcement learning is proposed. This paper builds the lateral driver model for intelligent vehicles based on optimal preview control theory. Then, the control correction link of longitudinal driver model is established to calculate the throttle opening or brake pedal travel for the desired longitudinal acceleration. Moreover, the reinforcement learning agents for longitudinal driver model is parallel trained by comprehensive evaluation index and skilled driver data. Lastly, training performance and scenarios verification between the simulation experiment and the real car test are performed to verify the effectiveness of the reinforcement learning based longitudinal driver model. The results show that the proposed human-like longitudinal driver model based on reinforcement learning can help intelligent vehicles effectively imitate the speed control behavior of the skilled driver in various path-following scenarios.

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30

Hong, C. W. y C. C. Chen. "Dynamic performance simulation of a continuously variable transmission motorcycle for fuzzy autopilot design". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1997): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526597.

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This paper describes the modelling technique of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) motorcycle for control strategy design of an autopilot on a driving cycle test bench. The simulation is carried out on a code which is the combination of an engine cycle simulation synthesis, a dynamic CVT driveline algorithm, a chassis dynamometer model and a fuzzy autopilot controller. The autopilot, which is a robot driver, includes a throttle actuator and a brake handle controller. Fundamental fuzzy theories were employed to simulate the control strategy of an experienced driver, also to form a feedback control loop for the simulation. The whole simulation package is capable of predicting the motorcycle performance under dynamic road conditions, such as ECE R40 and USA FTP75 driving patterns. Simulation results of a baseline motorcycle, equipped with a 125 cm3 four-stroke engine plus a rubber belt CVT system, are demonstrated in this paper. Parametric studies are used to design the control strategy of the autopilot as well as to improve the design of the powertrain system of the motorcycle.

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31

Du, Feng, Zhi Wei Guan y Guang Hui Yan. "Study on Mechanical Automation with Optimal Control for Four-Wheel-Active-Steer Vehicle". Advanced Materials Research 703 (junio de 2013): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.703.264.

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For improving the vehicle handling at high speed, an optimal controller was introduced for the four-wheel-active-steering vehicle. A closed-loop system was set up by combining vehicle model with driver model. The simulation test in the closed-loop system was carried out to verify control effect of such a optimum controller. Simulation results show that the four-wheel-active-steering vehicle under the optimal control can gain expected control effect such as wiping out sideslip angle and tracking desired yaw rate and so on. In addition, the four-wheel-active-steering vehicle with the optimal control can also track desired trajectory and its following accuracy is better than the traditional front-wheel steering vehicle. So, the steering response characteristic for the four-wheel-active-steering vehicle at high speed is improved.

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32

Liu, Xu Dong, Qing Wu Fan, Bang Gui Zheng y Jian Min Duan. "Real-Time Simulation Study for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle". Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (octubre de 2011): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.965.

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To shorten design period and reduce development costs, computer modeling & simulation is important for HEV design and development. In this paper, real-time simulation for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV) is made to test its fuzzy logic control strategy based on dSPACE-DS1103 development kits. The whole real-time simulation schematic is designed and the vehicle forward-facing simulation model is set up. Driver behavior is simulated by two potentiometers and introduced into the system to realize close-loop control. A real-time monitoring interface is also developed to observe the experiment results. Experiment results show that the real-time simulation platform works well and the SHEV fuzzy logic control strategy is effective.

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33

Karamuk, Mustafa y Orhan Behic Alankus. "Direct Tilt Controller Design with Disturbance Compensation and Implementation for a Narrow Tilting Electric Vehicle". Energies 16, n.º 15 (31 de julio de 2023): 5724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155724.

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Three-wheeled electric city vehicles are becoming popular because they have lower cost and enable motorcycle driving feeling with electric powertrain performance. These vehicles need a driver assistant system, also known as an active tilting stability controller, to provide a safe cornering manoeuvre. Active tilt control methods are direct tilt control (DTC), steering tilt control (STC) and a combination of these methods. In this study, DTC system design with a servo motor actuator with simulation and experimental results are presented. State feedback control with pole placement design has been improved with disturbance compensation control. This novel controller structure enhances the response of DTC and enables a faster-tilting response. Simulation results are given up to 10 m/s speed. Experimental results of the developed method are given up to 3.05 m/s (11 km/h) speed on a three-wheeled electric vehicle. The speed control loop of the servo motor drive unit (SMDU) stabilizes the DTC system. In the state of the art, a proportional derivative controller is commonly used as a tilt controller. By including the speed control loop of SMDU in the tilt control system, the use of the derivative term can be eliminated. The stability effect of the speed control loop is shown by MATLAB analysis, simulations in Simulink and experimental step response test as well.

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34

Zhou, Fei y Le Nian He. "A Boost White LED Driver with an On-Chip Compensator". Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (noviembre de 2012): 798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.798.

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A monolithic peak-current-mode boost WLED driver with an on-chip compensator is presented. In order to predict the system performance, the equivalent circuit model of boost WLED driver is constructed to obtain the system transfer function. Then, an on-chip compensator, which requires small layout area, is analyzed and designed. The simulation results, based on CSMC 0.5µm 40V BCD technology, show that the internal compensation technique provides high loop accuracy and stability over a wide load range from 20mA to 180mA. The proposed driver is capable of driving 10WLEDs connected in series or 3WLEDs with 9 strings in parallel. Protection circuits, such as over voltage protection (OVP), over temperature protection (OTP), over current protection (OCP) and under voltage lockout (UVLO) are also utilized to guarantee the safe operations of the system.

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35

Cong, Menglong, Shanshan Zhang, Yiding Wang, Dachao Liang y Kunpeng Zhou. "Design of a Laser Driver and Its Application in Gas Sensing". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 12 (9 de junio de 2022): 5883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125883.

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A laser driver which features high stability and a graphical user-interface was designed and used in trace gas sensing. The running of the laser driver was managed by an ARM processor which was embedded with a real-time operating system (RTOS). Through clicking on the touch screen that was configured with an emWin graphical user-interface (GUI), the parameters of the driving current can be graphically set and monitored. The circuit model of the distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) was introduced into a TINA-SPICE simulation to evaluate the performance of the current source. Through simulation, the potential self-oscillation can be visually predicted, and the feedback loop can be appropriately compensated. To validate the applicability, the laser driver was used for driving a carefully selected DFB-LD and was employed in wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) for CH4 detection at R(3) absorption line of the 2ν3 overtone. Under the conditions of room temperature, normal pressure and an effective absorption path of 15.4 cm, repetitive experiments were conducted using gas samples, with their concentrations ranging from 400 ppm to 1%, and the detection limit derived from the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was 7.2 ppm. The promising result indicates the high potential of this laser driver for use in absorption spectrum-based sensing applications.

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36

Sun, Ye, Chuan Mei Bao, Zhe Jing Yi, Jian Cheng y Qing Chun Xiao. "Development of the HWIL Training Simulator of UAV Engine". Advanced Materials Research 1037 (octubre de 2014): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.308.

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A hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) training simulator was developed to avoid high cost and realize intuitionistic teaching in the engine maintenance teaching of a certain type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The oil free engine HWIL simulator was achieved by the driver-to-the driven switch. According to the needs of teaching , the function of dynamic real-time control in different working areas was implemented by combining dynamic monitoring of the computer with real-time controlling of the single chip microcomputer. The successful development of the simulator improved the teachers’ teaching ability and cadets’operation ability, cut down the training cost and reduced the teaching risk to zero by indoor training of large weapons and equipment.Keywords: engine, simulator, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, teaching

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37

Macuga, Kristen L. "Multisensory Influences on Driver Steering During Curve Navigation". Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, n.º 2 (15 de octubre de 2018): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818805898.

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Objective: The effects of inertial (vestibular and somatosensory) information on driver steering during curve navigation were investigated, using an electric four-wheel mobility vehicle outfitted with a steering wheel and a portable virtual reality system. Background: When driving, multiple sources of perceptual information are available. Researchers have focused on visual information, which plays a critical role in steering control. However, it is not yet well established how inertial information might contribute. Methods: I biased inertial cues by varying visual/inertial gains (doubled, halved, reversed), as drivers negotiated curving paths, and measured steering accuracy and efficiency. I also assessed whether being exposed to inertial biases had an impact on postbias steering by comparing pre- and posttest session performance measures. Results: Doubling or halving inertial cues had little effect on steering performance. Inertial information only disrupted steering when it was reversed with respect to visual information. Over time, the influence of this extreme inertial bias was reduced though not eliminated. Postbias curve navigation performance was not impacted, likely because participants had learned to disregard, rather than integrate, biased inertial cues. Conclusion: Results suggest that biased inertial information has little influence on curve navigation performance when visual information is available. Application: Though inertial cues may be important for open-loop steering, when visual cues are unavailable, their role in closed-loop steering seems less influential. This has implications for driving simulation and suggests that inertial discrepancies due to limitations in motion-cuing capabilities may not be all that problematic for the simulation of closed-loop curve steering tasks.

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38

Li, Qiang, Xiao-li Yu, Hua Zhang y Rui Huang. "Study on Differential Assist Steering System with Double In-Wheel Motors with Intelligent Controller". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/910230.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a novel controller of differential assist steering system. Firstly, the integrated controller module in electric vehicle is investigated, in which the front axle is refitted for two in-wheel motors. Secondly, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the control decision-making rules of fuzzy controller. Thereafter, the built model is embedded in veDYNA development environment with an offline simulation test of driver/vehicle/road closed-loop system. At last, control strategy, which has been compiled and downloaded to Mirco AutoBox controller prototype, is used for the real vehicle experimental analysis and validation of the proposed controller. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the controller can improve the yaw motion and reduce the slip angle of vehicle. Here, the vehicle is equipped with the in-wheel motors on both sides. At the same time, the controller cannot only track the steering torque indication of driving current, but also preferably maintain the steering assist handle. Furthermore, it can bring about a good road feeling to the driver because of the reduced torque fluctuation.

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39

Doikin, Aleksandr, Felician Campean, Martin Priest, Chunxing Lin y Emanuele Angiolini. "A RELIABILITY INSPIRED STRATEGY FOR INTELLIGENT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT WITH PREDICTIVE DRIVER BEHAVIOUR: A CASE STUDY FOR A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER". Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27 de julio de 2021): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.20.

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AbstractThe increase availability of operational data from the fleets of cars in the field offers opportunities to deploy machine learning to identify patterns of driver behaviour. This provides contextual intelligence insight that can be used to design strategies for online optimisation of the vehicle performance, including compliance with stringent legislation. This paper illustrates this approach with a case study for a Diesel Particulate Filter, where machine learning deployed to real world automotive data is used in conjunction with a reliability inspired performance modelling paradigm to design a strategy to enhance operational performance based on predictive driver behaviour. The model-in-the-loop simulation of the proposed strategy on a fleet of vehicles showed significant improvement compared to the base strategy, demonstrating the value of the approach.

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40

Wu, Chien-Hsun y Yong-Xiang Xu. "The Optimal Control of Fuel Consumption for a Heavy-Duty Motorcycle with Three Power Sources Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation". Energies 13, n.º 1 (19 de diciembre de 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010022.

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This study presents a simulation platform for a hybrid electric motorcycle with an engine, a driving motor, and an integrated starter generator (ISG) as three power sources. This platform also consists of the driving cycle, driver, lithium-ion battery, continuously variable transmission (CVT), motorcycle dynamics, and energy management system models. Two Arduino DUE microcontrollers integrated with the required circuit to process analog-to-digital signal conversion for input and output are utilized to carry out a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. A driving cycle called worldwide motorcycle test cycle (WMTC) is used for evaluating the performance characteristics and response relationship among subsystems. Control strategies called rule-based control (RBC) and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) are simulated and compared with the purely engine-driven operation. The results show that the improvement percentages for equivalent fuel consumption and energy consumption for RBC and ECMS using the pure software simulation were 17.74%/18.50% and 42.77%/44.22% respectively, while those with HIL were 18.16%/18.82% and 42.73%/44.10%, respectively.

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41

Mihály, András, Márk Baranyi, Balázs Németh y Péter Gáspár. "Tuning of Look-ahead Cruise Control in HIL Vehicle Simulator". Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 45, n.º 3 (7 de abril de 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.9897.

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The paper introduces a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) driving simulator with the implementation of a look-ahead cruise control considering forward road information. The vehicle dynamics are simulated real-time in the high fidelity heavy duty vehicle simulation environment TruckSim, while the proposed look-ahead control algorithm also runs real-time on dSPACE MicroAutoBox II. The latter functions as a vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) and is used for rapid control prototyping (RCP), hence the proposed look-ahead driver assistance system can be tested and tuned in a real-time HIL vehicle simulator before installing dSPACE MicroAutoBox II in a real vehicle.

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42

Zeng, Qingxin, Zhuo Zou, Jie Chen, Yali Jiang, Lingzhi Zeng y Changming Li. "Closed-Loop Modeling to Evaluate the Performance of a Scaled-Up Lithium–Sulfur Battery in Electric Vehicle Applications". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 20 (14 de octubre de 2021): 9593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209593.

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A closed-loop modeling method was established here to evaluate the performance of new battery technology from lab research to scaled-up developed electric vehicle (EV) applications. As an emerging energy-storage device, the lithium–sulfur battery (LSB) is a very promising candidate for the next generation of rechargeable batteries. However, it has been difficult to commercialize the LSB up to now. In this work, we designed and built a battery, EV, and driver system loop model to study the key performance parameters of LSB operation in EVs, in which the tested data from the lab were introduced into the model followed by simulating driving cycles and fast charging. A comparison with the lithium-ion batteries used in real vehicles verified the high reliability of the model. Meanwhile, the simulation results showed that the LSB needs more improvements for EV application; in particular, developments are still highly needed to overcome the high power and energy loss and sharp voltage vibration for practical applications. The novelty of this work relies on the created closed-loop modeling method to simulate lab research results for evaluating new battery technology in scaled-up EV applications in order to not only vividly predict EV operation performance and commercialization feasibility, but also thoughtfully guide researchers and developers for further optimization and problem solutions. Therefore, this method holds great promise as a powerful tool for both lab research and the industrial development of new batteries for EV applications.

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43

Haug, E. J., K. K. Choi, J. G. Kuhl y J. D. Wargo. "Virtual Prototyping Simulation for Design of Mechanical Systems". Journal of Mechanical Design 117, B (1 de junio de 1995): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836472.

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Developments in simulation technology that enable a qualitatively new virtual prototyping approach to design of mechanical systems are summarized and their integration into an engineering design environment is illustrated. Simulation tools and their enabling technologies are presented in the context of vehicle design, with references to the literature provided. Their implementation for design representation, real-time driver-in-the-loop simulation, dynamic performance simulation, dynamic stress and life prediction, maintainability analysis, design sensitivity analysis, and design optimization is outlined. A testbed comprised of computer aided engineering tools and a design level of fidelity driving simulator that has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of virtual prototyping simulation for mechanical system design is presented. Two 1994 demonstrations of this capability for vehicle design are presented, to illustrate the state of the technology and to identify challenges that remain in making virtual prototyping simulation an integral part of mechanical system design in US industry.

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44

Haug, E. J., K. K. Choi, J. G. Kuhl y J. D. Wargo. "Virtual Prototyping Simulation for Design of Mechanical Systems". Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, B (1 de junio de 1995): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2838678.

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Developments in simulation technology that enable a qualitatively new virtual prototyping approach to design of mechanical systems are summarized and their integration into an engineering design environment is illustrated. Simulation tools and their enabling technologies are presented in the context of vehicle design, with references to the literature provided. Their implementation for design representation, real-time driver-in-the-loop simulation, dynamic performance simulation, dynamic stress and life prediction, maintainability analysis, design sensitivity analysis, and design optimization is outlined. A testbed comprised of computer aided engineering tools and a design level of fidelity driving simulator that has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of virtual prototyping simulation for mechanical system design is presented. Two 1994 demonstrations of this capability for vehicle design are presented, to illustrate the state of the technology and to identify challenges that remain in making virtual prototyping simulation an integral part of mechanical system design in US industry.

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45

Muguro, Joseph K., Pringgo Widyo Laksono, Yuta Sasatake, Kojiro Matsushita y Minoru Sasaki. "User Monitoring in Autonomous Driving System Using Gamified Task: A Case for VR/AR In-Car Gaming". Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, n.º 8 (21 de julio de 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5080040.

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Background: As Automated Driving Systems (ADS) technology gets assimilated into the market, the driver’s obligation will be changed to a supervisory role. A key point to consider is the driver’s engagement in the secondary task to maintain the driver/user in the control loop. This paper aims to monitor driver engagement with a game and identify any impacts the task has on hazard recognition. Methods: We designed a driving simulation using Unity3D and incorporated three tasks: No-task, AR-Video, and AR-Game tasks. The driver engaged in an AR object interception game while monitoring the road for threatening road scenarios. Results: There was a significant difference in the tasks (F(2,33) = 4.34, p = 0.0213), identifying the game-task as significant with respect to reaction time and ideal for the present investigation. Game scoring followed three profiles/phases: learning, saturation, and decline profile. From the profiles, it is possible to quantify/infer drivers’ engagement with the game task. Conclusion: The paper proposes alternative monitoring that has utility, i.e., entertaining the user. Further experiments with AR-Games focusing on the real-world car environment will be performed to confirm the performance following the recommendations derived from the current test.

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46

Yau, Yeu-Torng, Kuo-Ing Hwu y Yao-De Tsai. "Development of Four-Channel Buck-Type LED Driver with Automatic Current Sharing". Energies 14, n.º 23 (23 de noviembre de 2021): 7844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237844.

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A buck-type light-emitting diode (LED) driver is proposed herein. The proposed LED driver automatically possesses current sharing and high step-down voltage gain. Without complex control, the proposed LED driver, with a single input and multiple outputs, can achieve automatic current sharing of four-channel LED strings, even under the different number of LEDs of each LED string. Furthermore, as compared with the traditional four-phase interleaved buck converter with a single input and a single output having current sharing required, the proposed circuit has the duty cycle up to 0.5, not 0.25, meaning that under the same input voltage the latter has a wider output voltage range than that of the former. Above all, if the proposed circuit with N outputs, then it still has the duty cycle up to 0.5, not one over N as shown traditionally. Moreover, as compared with the current sharing based on the differential-mode transformer, the proposed circuit has no magnetic resetting loop required. In this paper, the operating principles and design considerations of the proposed converter are discussed. Finally, the theoretical analyses and performances of the proposed LED driver are verified by simulation and experiment.

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47

Fahmi, M. I., M. F. Mukmin, H. F. Liew, C. L. Wai, M. A. Aazmi y S. N. M. Arshad. "Design new voltage balancing control series connected for HV-IGBT`s". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2021): 2899. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2899-2906.

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<span>The insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are widely used in various applications as they require low gate drive power and gate voltage. This paper proposes an active gain circuit to maintain voltage stability of series-connected IGBTs for high voltage applications. The novel gate driver circuit with closed-loops control amplifies the gate signal while restricting the IGBT emitter voltage below a predetermined level. With the proposed circuit, serial-connected IGBTs can replace high-voltage IGBTs (HV-IGBTs) for high-voltage applications through the active control of the gate signal time delay. Closed-loop controls function is to charged current to the gate to restrict the IGBT emitter voltage to a predetermined level. This paper also presents the experiment on the gate driver capability based on a series-connected IGBTs with three IGBTs and a snubber circuit. The experimental results show a voltage offset with active control with a wide variation in load and imbalance conditions. Lastly, the experimental results are validated with the simulation results, where the simulation results agree with the experimental results.</span>

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48

Arslan, M. Selçuk. "A Hysteresis-Based Steering Feel Model for Steer-by-Wire Systems". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2313529.

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A mathematical model of steering feel based on a hysteresis model is proposed for Steer-by-Wire systems. The normalized Bouc-Wen hysteresis model is used to describe the steering wheel torque feedback to the driver. By modifying the mathematical model of the hysteresis model for a steering system and adding custom parameters, the availability of adjusting the shape of steering feel model for various physical and dynamic conditions increases. Addition of a term about the tire dynamics to the steering feel model renders the steering wheel torque feedback more informative about the tire road interaction. Some simulation results are presented to establish the feasibility of the proposed model. The results of hardware-in-the-loop simulations show that the model provides a realistic and informative steering feel.

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49

Pan, Ming, Jun Yan, Qunzhang Tu y Chengming Jiang. "Research on the Multi-Energy Management Strategy of the Electric Drive System of a Tracked Bulldozer". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5631209.

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The multi-energy management strategy of electric drive system of tracked bulldozer was researched. Firstly, based on power requirement of typical working condition of a tracked bulldozer, the power distribution strategy for three energy sources in the front power chain was proposed by using wavelet theory and fuzzy control theory. Secondly, the electric drive system simulation platform was built in MATLAB/Simulink. At last, a driver-controller based HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) platform was built and the multi-energy management strategy was verified. The HILS result shows that front power chain’s power output can meet the back power chain’s requirement, the engine-generator set works near the best fuel consumption curve, and the battery pack’s charge-discharge frequency and current are low. Thus the designed multi-energy management strategy can be used in real-time control of electric drive bulldozer.

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50

Cutini, Maurizio, Carlo Bisaglia, Massimo Brambilla, Andrea Bragaglio, Federico Pallottino, Alberto Assirelli, Elio Romano et al. "A Co-Simulation Virtual Reality Machinery Simulator for Advanced Precision Agriculture Applications". Agriculture 13, n.º 8 (13 de agosto de 2023): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081603.

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Simulation systems have become essential tools for both researchers and virtual laboratory experiments. In the Agri-food-chain, SimAgri, a driving simulator for tractors and operating machines, has been developed for precision agriculture (PA) research and to train professional farm drivers. Using the virtual environment of the simulator, the influence and fine-tuning of PA operations logic may be evaluated by simulating existing systems, or designing new ones, in specially compared scenarios and setups. Current configurations include an agricultural tractor carrying or towing farm equipment such as sprayers, seeders and fertilizer, embedded sensors, human–machine interfaces that may be configured like a joystick, console and touchscreen, and four virtual environment monitors. The study describes the design choices that have made it possible to create a simulator aimed at precision agriculture, keeping auto guidance, geolocation, and operations with ISOBUS implements as pillars. This research aims to use a unique purpose-designed simulation platform, installed on a driver-in-the-loop simulator to provide data to objectify the benefits of PA criteria. Numerical and experimental data have been compared to ensure results reliability.

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