Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Drinking and traffic accidents"
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Kanišauskas, Vaidotas y Adomas Raudonis. "Alkoholio vartojimo ribojimų įtaka negatyviems eismo įvykiams Lietuvos magistraliniuose keliuose". Jaunųjų mokslininkų darbai 52, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2022): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/jmd.2022.2.1.
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The article uses statistical data from the Lithuanian Road Police Service on traffic accidents, speeding, drinking and driving (DUI), and people injured in traffic accidents on Lithuanian highways, i.e., negative traffic accidents in the period of 2000–2018. The aim of the work is to analyse the dynamics of traffic collisions and circumstances related to them. To achieve this aim, the negative accident data recorded on Lithuanian highways was converted into a 1-mile (8 km) unified system by grouping roads according to their length: small, average, large, and the largest roads. Time series AR(1) models were found for most of the cases. By employing statistical methods, it was identified that the 2008 law restricting the sale and advertising of alcohol led to the following results: a reduction in traffic accidents and the number of intoxicated drivers on all roads, although at the same time there was an increase in speeding. The number of people injured on small roads has increased.
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Saldanha, Raquel Forgiarini, Flavio Pechansky, Daniela Benzano, Carlos Alberto Sampaio Martins de Barros y Raquel Brandini De Boni. "Differences between attendance in emergency care of male and female victims of traffic accidents in Porto alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2014): 3925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014199.12892013.
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Driving under the influence of alcohol/ drugs (DUI) is a well-established risk factor for traffic accidents, and men and women have different consumption patterns. The scope of this paper is to analyze differences in alcohol and drug consumption, as well as on behavior associated with traffic accidents among men and women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 609 sequential traffic accident victims attended in emergency care from Porto Alegre. Subjects gave a structured interview, were breathalyzed and had a saliva test for alcohol/drug screening. Results showed that women were mainly passengers or pedestrians (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in positive blood alcohol concentration. However, men reported more binge drinking and THC use, while women had more benzodiazepine in their saliva (p<0.05). This is the first Brazilian study to compare alcohol and drug use among men and women who were the victims of traffic accidents. Results point to differences in the pattern of substance abuse, as well on risk behavior. Data may be useful for specific prevention strategies that take gender differences into consideration.
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Caamaño-Isorna, Francisco, Lucía Moure-Rodriguez, Montserrat Corral Varela y Fernando Cadaveira. "Traffic accidents and heavy episodic drinking among university students". Traffic Injury Prevention 18, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1192284.
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Zhao, Xiaohua, Xingjian Zhang y Jian Rong. "Study of the Effects of Alcohol on Drivers and Driving Performance on Straight Road". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/607652.
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Drinking driving is responsible for a high proportion of traffic accidents. To study the effects of alcohol on drivers and driving performance, 25 drivers’ subjective feelings and driving performance data in different blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) levels were collected with simulated driving experiment. The investigation results revealed that alcohol affected drivers in many aspects, including attitude, judgment, vigilance, perception, reaction, and controlling. The analysis of accident rate showed that higher BAC level would lead to higher accident rate. The statistical analysis results of driving performance indicated that average speed, speed standard deviation, and lane position standard deviation were significantly higher under the influence of alcohol. They also had a statistically significant linear trend as the function of BAC level. The discrimination of drinking driving based on driving performance was performed with Fisher discrimination method. The results showed that drinking driving with higher BAC level was easier to discriminate from normal driving. Also, the results indicated that the three significant indicators on straight roadway could be used in the discrimination of drinking driving state. The conclusions can provide references for the study of drinking driving and the identification of driving state and then contribute to traffic safety.
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roglu, Veysel y Suna Ibrahimoglu. "Evaluation of blood ethyl alcohol levels in the emergency service: The case of Şırnak province". Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 11, n.º 4 (2022): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2022.10.220.
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It is known that drinking and driving is an important factor causing traffic accidents and this situation affects every part of the society. The data for which ethyl alcohol was requested from the şırnak state hospital automation system between 01/01/2020 and 01/07/2022 will be analyzed statistically. Demographic characteristics and ethyl alcohol results of patients admitted to the emergency department were obtained from the hospital information management system. 90.8% of the 306 requests are male and 9.2% are female. 50.7% of the requests are from young people between the ages of 18–29 and 5.9% are under the age of 18. When the cases were evaluated according to age, traffic accidents took first place among individuals between the ages of 18-29. In the evaluation of the cases according to gender, traffic accidents were found to be higher in males, and we found it statistically significant (p=0.016). When the cases were evaluated according to their ethyl alcohol levels, it was seen that 284 out of 306 people were below 50 ml/dL. It was determined that 191 people applied as a result of a traffic accident, but they were not alcoholics, and it was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). It is important that the study has the first remarkable findings for the province of Şırnak. We tried to make predictions by looking at the data we obtained from this study. In this study, the majority of which are traffic accident claims, young adults and men are in the majority. However, it is noteworthy that traffic accidents do not occur due to alcohol, but traffic rules are not followed.
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Tang, Xiaoling, Aifeng Zhai, Xiaowen Ding y Qiande Zhu. "Safety Guarantee System of Drinking Water Source in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Its Application in Huangjuedu Drinking Water Source Area". Sustainability 11, n.º 24 (10 de diciembre de 2019): 7074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247074.
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With China’s rapid economic growth and increasing speed of urbanization, water pollution accidents have become one kind of environmental pollution source in China and bring potential risk to urban drinking water safety. The Huangjuedu Drinking Water Source Area is an important water source in Chongqing City (Southwest China) and a water intake source for the Jiangnan Waterworks of the Chongqing Drinking Water Company. There are still risks of water pollution accidents caused by ship leakage, road traffic accidents, chemical plant leakage, etc. The safety of the drinking water area is related to regional residents’ health and life safety and also has a profound impact on economy development and social stability. To reduce the harmful impacts of water pollution, it is of great scientific value and practical significance to analyze the pollutant diffusion of water pollution accidents with the Three Gorges Reservoir Area drinking water source security platform. In this paper, a two-dimensional water quality monitoring model was applied, and the digital elevation model was incorporated into the geographic information system, which generated a computational grid. Then, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area drinking water source security platform was developed. The platform can predict the water flow velocity, pollutant concentration at the drinking water inlet, and the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants in the whole water source area. Furthermore, a hypothetical ammonia nitrogen leak accident was analyzed using this safety platform. The ammonia nitrogen concentration at the intake of the drinking water source area was detected and analyzed by the security platform from the time of the accident until the concentration dropped to the background during four water periods under different wind direction conditions. The pollutants took 19, 22, 25, and 40 min to reach the water quality standard during the four water periods. Moreover, the diffusion of ammonia nitrogen in the southeast wind was faster than that in the southwest wind. The results showed that the platform is scientific and practical, and the prediction results are helpful for the Emergency Management Department to quickly and accurately predict the migration of ammonia nitrogen pollution and make corresponding plans under accident conditions.
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Vu, Hai Minh, Tung Thanh Tran, Giang Thu Vu, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Chau Minh Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Tung Hoang Tran et al. "Alcohol Use Disorder among Patients Suffered from Road Collisions in a Vietnamese Delta Province". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 13 (8 de julio de 2019): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132423.
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Traffic collisions have continuously been ranked amongst the top causes of deaths in Vietnam. In particular, drinking has been recognized as a major factor amplifying the likelihood of traffic collisions in various settings. This study aims to examine the relationship between alcohol use and traffic collisions in the current context of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 traffic collisions patients in six health facilities in the Thai Binh Province to investigate the level of alcohol consumption and identify factors influencing alcohol use among these patients. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scale was used to determine the problematic drinking behavior of the participants. The percentage of patients having problematic drinking was more than 30%. Being male, having a high household income, and working as farmer/worker were risk factors for alcohol abuse. People causing accidents and patients with a traumatic brain injury had a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol before the accidents. This study highlights the necessity of more stringent laws on reducing drink-driving in Vietnam. In addition, more interventions, especially those utilizing mass media like educational campaign of good behavior on social networks, are necessary to reduce alcohol consumption in targeted populations in order to decrease the prevalence and burden of road injuries.
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Levine, Barry y John E. Smialek. "Status of Alcohol Absorption in Drinking Drivers Killed in Traffic Accidents". Journal of Forensic Sciences 45, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2000): 14632J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs14632j.
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Santos, Celio Natal dos, Nicoli Aparecida Lourenço y Maria Cecilia Da Lozzo Garbelini. "CONSUMO DE BEBIDA ALCOÓLICA POR ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA: UM PANORAMA GLOBAL". Espaço para a Saúde - Revista de Saúde Pública do Paraná 25 (2 de abril de 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22421/1517-7130/es.2024v25.e983.
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The consumption of alcoholic drinks represents one of the main risk factors for the involvement in traffic accidents. The objective of this study was to analyze the general panorama of alcohol consumption by medical students and the implications for traffic accidents. SciELO, PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases were consulted, and ten full articles available between 2010 and 2022, in Portuguese and English, were included. The results obtained were that the consumption of alcoholic drinks by students ranged from 76.6% to 81.2%, and that alcohol drinking exposes drivers to involvement in 68% more traffic accidents than those who are not exposed to such factor. It was concluded that medical students, a young population, have a high rate of consumption of alcoholic beverages, and the reasons involved point to the level of pressure of the medical school, high workload, seniority in the program, academic parties, and living without the parents.
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Marinho, Rui Tato. "‘The Last Coachman’, the Trio of Risk Factors: Alcohol, Tobacco and Traffic Accidents". Acta Médica Portuguesa 27, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2014): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.5591.
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Cybulska, Ewelina y Renata Krajewska. "Analysis of the road accidents caused by drunk road users". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, n.º 6 (7 de septiembre de 2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.043.
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One of the main causes of road accidents in Poland is the consumption of alcohol by drivers of vehicles. Despite the various preventive and educational actions, this problem still exists.The article discusses the problem of participation in road traffic after drinking alcohol. The influence of alcohol on the drivers of the vehicles was indicated. Legal regulations concerning alcohol consumption by drivers of vehicles in Poland have been characterized. Police statistical data on the frequency, type, severity of accidents and road accidents caused by drunk drivers and pedestrians in the years 2007-2017 were analyzed.
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Aggarwal, Amita y Sukhpal Kaur. "Sociodemographic Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims admitted at Emergency Surgical OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital". Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 46, n.º 1 (2012): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1005.
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ABSTRACT Objective To assess sociodemographic profile of roadside accident victims. Materials and methods Using purposive sampling technique 100 patients were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire consisting of personal identification data, personal habits and details related to occurrence of accident was used to collect the data. Results More than half subjects (59%) were in age group of 20 to 40 years with mean age being 36.5 years ± 14.2. Majority of the accident victims (84%) were male. More than half (67%) belonged to Hindu religion, educated up to secondary level (65%), were married (54%) and were rural habitants (54%). Twenty-six percent of subjects had the history of drinking alcohol. Out of these 15 subjects (57.7%) had consumed alcohol at the time of accident. Sixty-eight percent were driving two wheeler; only 27% were wearing protective equipment (helmet/seat belt) at the time of accident. Approximately one-third (39%) had 6 to 15 years of driving experience. Half (51%) of the accidents occurred in evening hours and on Saturday and Sunday. Conclusion The present study reflects that there is need to plan strategies to decrease risk of accidents and inculcate healthy driving habits in the vulnerable citizens. How to cite this article Aggarwal A, Kaur S, Dhillon MS. Sociodemographic Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims Admitted at Emergency Surgical OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):15-18.
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Rolando, Sara, Franca Beccaria, Antonella Ermacora y Laura Marinaro. "Drinking and driving: training the "prevention multipliers"". SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2010): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2010-su3013-ing.
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In the period 2007-2009 the Ministry of Health and the CCM (the Desease Control Center), in accordance with the Piemonte Region and the ASL CN2 Alba-Bra, have realized 88 training courses in 11 regions involving 2427 "multipliers of prevention", including Health Service workers, law enforcement officers, driving school teachers, Motor Registry and Traffic Authority officers, teachers, instructors (provisional licences). The project provided the participants with methodological and teaching tools for the activation of prevention actions of road accidents caused by the consumption of alcohol, pharmaceuticals and illegal drugs, targeted at young learner drivers, new licence-holders, and high-risk drivers.
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Miyatake, Nobuyuki, Naoko Tanaka, Noriko Sakano y Hiroshi Kinoshita. "Relationship between Road Traffic Accidents and Drinking Habits in All 47 Prefectures of Japan". Journal of Transportation Technologies 03, n.º 03 (2013): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2013.33019.
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Gruenewald, Paul J. y Fred W. Johnson. "Drinking, Driving, and Crashing: A Traffic-Flow Model of Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Accidents*". Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 71, n.º 2 (marzo de 2010): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2010.71.237.
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Hariharan, Sneha y Ravishankar T. K. "Smart Helmet". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 1365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48212.
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Abstract: As the number of motorcyclists in our country rises, so do the number of traffic accidents and fatalities. The majority of these accidents are the result of drunk driving and a failure to wear a helmet. The majority of nations now require their residents to wear helmets while riding bikes and to never ride while intoxicated, but despite this, the laws are still broken. Drive Protection and Accident Detection Smart Helmet was developed in an effort to address this issue as engineers using the use of mechatronics. It is made up of an intelligent system that is built into the helmet and the vehicle. The helmet device makes sure the motorcyclist is wearing a helmet and is not drinking during the trip. If the aforementioned requirement is not met, it interacts with the vehicle unit to turn off the motorcycle's ignition system. Vehicle unit checks and intimates’ accident and SMS notifies of accident using geometric coordinates. Geometric coordinates can be used to locate the injured cyclist using a basic GPS monitoring software. The primary goal of the suggested idea is to offer a safe and affordable smart helmet. The smart helmet was designed using a Wi-Fi enabled processor and an integrated network of sensors for the engine control system, accident alert system, and alcohol detection. When it comes to the driver's safety, the suggested system is quite beneficial.
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Alabi, Oluwaseyi Omotayo, Oyetunde Adeoye Adeaga, Sunday Adeola Ajagbe, Esther Oluwayemisi Adekunle y Matthew Olusegun Adigun. "Design and implementation of an alcohol detection driver system". International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 13, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2024): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v13.i2.pp278-285.
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A technology called an alcohol detection driver system is used to stop drunk driving by identifying alcohol in a motorist's breath or blood. This technology correctly measures the amount of alcohol a driver has in their system using sensors and algorithms, and it stops the car from starting if the amount is more than the legal limit. The number of fatal accidents and traffic fatalities caused by drinking could be greatly decreased thanks to this technology. The main focus of this project is to carry out the experiment in lowering the number of alcohol-related incidents on the road. Alcohol detection devices come in a variety of forms right now, including ignition interlocks, passive alcohol sensors, and in-car breathalyzers. Although these systems have reduced the number of drunk driving accidents, there remain questions about their efficiency, dependability, and cost. According to the sensor's specs, the output voltage of the MQ-3 sensor reduces by 69% during the sensor's recovery period of 30 seconds at 69% of baseline resistance. To assess the long-term viability and efficiency of these systems in lowering alcohol-related accidents and enhancing traffic safety, more research is required.
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Clausen, Thomas, Priscilla Martinez, Andy Towers, Thomas Greenfield y Paul Kowal. "Alcohol Consumption at Any Level Increases Risk of Injury Caused by Others: Data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health". Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 9s2 (enero de 2015): SART.S23549. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s23549.
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Background Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for injury. However, information is needed about alcohol drinking patterns and the risk of injury among older adults in low- and middle-income countries as this population grows. We aimed to examine the influence of drinking patterns on the burden of injury and investigate factors associated with different types of injury in older populations in six emerging economies. Methods Data from more than 37,0 adults aged 50 years and older were included from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 conducted in six emerging economies, namely, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. We investigated past-year reported injuries from falls, traffic accidents, and being hit or stabbed. Alcohol drinking patterns were measured as lifetime abstinence, ever but not past- week use, and gender-specific past-week low-risk and high-risk use. We stratified by gender and used logistic regression models to observe the association between alcohol drinking pattern and risk of injury by controlling for other factors. Results During the year prior to interview, 627 (2.2%) subjects reported bodily injury resulting from a car accident, 1,156 (4.2%) from a fall, and 339 (.9%) from being hit or stabbed during the past year. For women, only being a high-risk drinker increased the risk of being hit or stabbed, whereas for men, all levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of being hit or stabbed. We observed a higher risk of being hit or stabbed from past-week high-risk drinking among women (odds ratio [OR] = 6.09, P < 0.01) than among men (OR = 3.57, P < 0.01). We observed no association between alcohol drinking pattern and injury due to car accidents for either women or men. Conclusions The risk of experiencing injury due to violence increased with level of alcohol exposure of the victim. The increase in alcohol use in emerging economies calls for further study into the consequences of alcohol use and for public health initiatives to reduce the risk of violence in older adult populations, with special attention to the experience of older adult women.
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Płachecka, Magdalena. "Alcohol consumption by the drivers as a risk factor in public transport". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, n.º 7-8 (31 de agosto de 2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.272.
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Issues to do with driving vehicles after drinking alcohol as well as being in a state of intoxication have been the object of interest in units, institutions, organs of public administrations, which carry out actions to increase the safety of road traffic in Poland. The aspect of drunk driving should be considered on the public heath spectrum, as a result of accidents caused by drunk driving hundreds of people die and thousands are left severely injured. In order to build awareness among people driving motor vehicles, programs, initiatives and different promotion actions are introduced to raise the importance of not driving after drinking alcohol. The purpose of this article is to present and assess actions made to improve the safety of people participating in road traffic with particular emphasis on public transport, eg. buses. The actions and initiatives taken at the national level have been discussed which will improve and increase road safety.
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Korkmazer, Başak y Büşra Dönmez. "Drinking and driving behaviors and associated risky behaviors in university students". Journal of Turkish Family Physician 12, n.º 3 (25 de septiembre de 2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15511/tjtfp.21.00335.
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Introduction and purpose: It has been reported that driving and non-compliance with the rules are common in young adulthood. Consequently, millions of people experience serious injuries secondary to traffic accidents and live with long-term negative health consequences. The aim of this study is to find an answer to the question of what are the alcoholic driving behavior and related socio-behavioral factors in university students. Method: In the study, 2508 students selected by the stratified cluster sampling method among the students studying at the faculties and colleges in the central district of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University were collected with a 41-question questionnaire prepared by the researchers. The data related to traffic safety, substance use and some violent behaviors were selected for this article. Results: Smoking in drunk drivers rate (32.7%), hookah smoking rate (61.7%), alcohol use rate (25.2%), substance use rate (2.8%), physical fight in the last year to those who do not have a mixing ratio (26.2%), a weapon carrying ratio (15.3%) was significantly higher than those who did not. Discussion and conclusion: These findings suggest that showing risky behavior also triggers risky behaviors. Family Physicians also have a preventive health service role in matters such as traffic and security and should be developed.
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Li, Zonglin, Zhenzhong Shen, Bo Chen y Chuanjin Cui. "Research Status and Development Trend of Drunk Driving Safety Detection for Drivers". International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences 5, n.º 3 (27 de abril de 2024): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/sj0n3j60.
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With the increase of motor vehicle ownership, drunk driving has become a major threat to road traffic safety. This paper comprehensively studies the current situation and development trend of drunk driving safety detection, emphasizes the serious impact of drunk driving on traffic safety, and deeply discusses the development of drunk driving detection technology. About 100,000 people die in drunk driving accidents in China each year, research shows, underscoring the need for effective prevention measures. In terms of detection technology, this paper describes in detail a variety of traditional and innovative drunk driving detection methods. This includes in-vehicle drunk driving detection based on artificial olfactory system, multi-modal signal deep fusion of the detection method combining infrared thermal image and electronic nose technology, and the use of multi-sensor information fusion in-vehicle drunk driving detection system. In addition, the design and implementation of car anti-drunk driving system based on Internet of Things technology are also discussed. In particular, this paper presents an innovative concept-a driver monitoring device design based on sweat biosensor and reflective photoplethysmography (rPPG) technology. While this technology has yet to be implemented, its potential applications are predicted and discussed in the paper, including non-contact heart rate monitoring and real-time monitoring of alcohol levels. The proposed concept aims to improve the accuracy and real-time detection of drivers' drinking status and reduce the accidents caused by drunk driving. Finally, the paper looks forward to the future development trend of drunk driving safety detection technology, and points out that the application of Internet of Things technology in the field of driver condition monitoring has great development potential. The further development and application of these technologies will make an important contribution to reducing road traffic accident rates and improving public transport safety.
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Zaleha, S. H., Nur Haliza Abdul Wahab, Norafida Ithnin, Johana Ahmad, Noor Hidayah Zakaria, Chinonso Okereke y A. K. Nuraini Huda. "Microsleep Accident Prevention for SMART Vehicle via Image Processing Integrated with Artificial Intelligent". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012082.
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Abstract Number of accidents caused by microsleep increases rapidly each day. This is due to the current trend of life, for example high workload, long working hours, traffic jams, having too much caffeine, drinking alcohol, age factor, and many others. This microsleep can lead to major accidents, higher number of deaths, injuries, demolition of property and permanent disability. The creation of SMART Vehicles in the Internet of Things (IoT) increases the technology capabilities in transportation sectors, in addition to reduce the number of crashes on the roads. An integration with Artificial Intelligent (AI) can be a perfect combination on development of a microsleep detection and prevention. While the image processing will be used as the method of detecting the face changes from normal to microsleep symptoms on detecting the eye degree, the head motion and the mouth yawning. This work presented a review of current research that supported the integration of IoT and AI. The analysis and discussion on the best solution and method to prevent microsleep accidents was shown. Lastly, recommendation on development of real sensors for SMART Vehicles will be discussed. A preliminary result on this work also will be shown.
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Razvodovsky, Y. "Suicides and road traffic deaths in Russia: A comparative analysis of trends". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): s891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1812.
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IntroductionIt has long been recognized that there are difficulties in obtaining valid mortality rates for suicides. The evidence indicated that suicides are sometimes misclassified and “hidden” as accidental. Suicide by motor vehicle crash is a recognized phenomenon, leading to under-reporting of the actual number of suicides and inaccuracies in the suicides mortality statistics. Road traffic accident mortality and the suicides rates in Russia are both among the highest in the world. This phenomenon has attracted much attention in recent years, but remains poorly understood.AimsThe present study aims to test the hypothesis of the close aggregate level link between road traffic accident mortality and the suicides rates in Russia.MethodsTrends in sex-specific road traffic accident mortality and the suicides rates from 1956 to 2015 were analyzed employing a distributed lags analysis in order to assess bivariate relationship between the two time series.ResultsThe graphical evidence suggests that the trends in both road traffic accident mortality and the suicides for male and female seem to follow each other across the time series. The results of analysis indicate the presence of a statistically significant association between the two time series for male at lag zero. This association for female was also positive, but statistically non-significant.ConclusionsThis study indirectly supports the hypothesis that many of road traffic accident deaths in Russia are likely to have been suicides. Alternatively, common confounding variables, including binge drinking and psychosocial distress, may explain positive aggregate-level association between the two time series.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Gallant, Donald M. "ANOTHER LOOK AT MINIMUM DRINKING AGE LAWS AND TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVOLVEMENT". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 16, n.º 2 (abril de 1992): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01391.x.
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Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Otaliba Libânio de Morais Neto, Taciana Mirella Batista dos Santos, Polyana Maria Pimenta Mandacarú, Elaine Leandro Machado, Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, Paulo Roberto Prezotti Filho, Érika Carvalho de Aquino y Valdério Anselmo Reisen. "Impact of the program life in traffic and new zero-tolerance drinking and driving law on the prevalence of driving after alcohol abuse in Brazilian capitals: An interrupted time series analysis". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2023): e0288288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288288.
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Introduction Driving under the influence of alcohol is one of the main factors for morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents. In 2010 and 2013, the Program Life in Traffic was implemented in Brazil, including the international initiative “Road Safety in Ten Countries”, which established actions to reduce one of the main risk factors for road traffic injuries, the driving under the influence of alcohol. In 2012, a new zero-tolerance drinking and driving law (new dry law) was implemented, establishing a zero-tolerance limit for the drivers’ blood alcohol concentration, and increasing punitive measures. This study aimed at analyzing the impact of these measures on the prevalence of driving under the influence of alcohol abuse in Brazilian capitals. Methods An interrupted time series study was conducted using the models of autoregressive integrated moving average or seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average. The main outcome was the prevalence of driving after alcohol abuse in the adult population (≥ 18 years). The model’s predictors were the interventions “Program Life in Traffic” and “New Dry Law”. The former was implemented in the first quarter of 2011, initially in five capitals: Belo Horizonte, Campo Grande, Palmas, Teresina, and Curitiba, being expanded to the other capitals in the first quarter of 2013. The latter was implemented in the country on the first quarter of 2013. Data source for the study was the records of the surveillance system for risk and protection factors of chronic diseases through telephone survey (Vigitel) from 2007 to 2016. Results The time intervals considered in the study were the quarters. Thirty-eight units were considered in the analysis, corresponding to time series points. It was found that after the implementation of the Program Life in Traffic, in the first quarter of 2011, there was a reduction in the prevalence in Belo Horizonte and Curitiba. Because the introduction of the New Dry Law and the Program Life in Traffic took place in similar periods in the other cities, there was a significant reduction in the outcome prevalence in the cities of Aracaju, Belo Horizonte, Boa Vista, Fortaleza, João Pessoa, Maceió, Manaus, Palmas, Porto Alegre, Recife, Teresina, Rio Branco, and Vitória following the law application. Conclusion The present study identified an immediate impact of the Program Life in Traffic in two capitals (Belo Horizonte and Curitiba) and a joint impact of the New Dry Law in 13 capitals. The results of this study have implications for strengthening interventions aimed at reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents in Brazil.
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Song, Wei y Guangde Zhang. "Risky-Driving-Image Recognition Based on Visual Attention Mechanism and Deep Learning". Sensors 22, n.º 15 (5 de agosto de 2022): 5868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155868.
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Risky driving behavior seriously affects the driver’s ability to react, execute and judge, which is one of the major causes of traffic accidents. The timely and accurate identification of the driving status of drivers is particularly important, since drivers can quickly adjust their driving status to avoid safety accidents. In order to further improve the identification accuracy, this paper proposes a risky-driving image-recognition system based on the visual attention mechanism and deep-learning technology to identify four types of driving status images including normal driving, driving while smoking, driving while drinking and driving while talking. With reference to ResNet, we build four deep-learning models with different depths and embed the proposed visual attention blocks into the image-classification model. The experimental results indicate that the classification accuracy of the ResNet models with lower depth can exceed the ResNet models with higher depth by embedding the visual attention modules, while there is no significant change in model complexity, which could improve the model recognition accuracy without reducing the recognition efficiency.
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Milinia, Tasya Endah, Dani Nasirul Haq y Siti Arum Alia. "Physical Workload and Work Fatigue among Tank Car Drivers at Surabaya Integrated Terminal". Folia Medica Indonesiana 58, n.º 4 (5 de diciembre de 2022): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v58i4.36305.
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Highlights: Physical workload had no correlation with work fatigue among tank car drivers. Companies and tank car drivers are advised to carry out work fatigue management by exercising lightly and fulfilling nutritional and water intake. Abstract : Every year, there are nearly a thousand times more of non-fatal accidents than fatal accidents. In Indonesia, Java Island has the highest number of traffic accidents. Work accidents have three main factors, i.e. worker factors, labor factors, and environmental factors. Fatigue is one of the conditions called silent killer. The aim of this research was to analyze the correlation of physical workload with work fatigue in tank car drivers at Surabaya Integrated Terminal. This research was an observational cross-sectional study. The sample were 205 tank car drivers fufilling the inclusion criteria as fuel tank car drivers and willing to participate in this research. The independent variable in the study was physical workload, while the dependent variable was subjective work fatigue. Data were collected using the IFRC questionnaire. The Spearman’s correlation test revealed the value of Sig. (2-tailed)=0.437, indicating no significant correlation between physical workload and subjective work fatigue. The results showed that the physical workload had no correlation with work fatigue. Fatigue found among the drivers are probably induced by other factors not analyzed in this study. Companies and tank car drivers are advised to carry out work fatigue management by, for example, drinking water regularly, carrying out light exercise, and fulfilling nutritional intake.
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Čulík, K., V. Štefancová y A. Kalašová. "Driving Simulator as a Tool for Reaction Time Measurement". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012034.
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Abstract The reaction times of a driver were measured in a driving simulator environment in this article. Young drivers under the age of 26 were the focus of the study. They cause many accidents. Each participating driver provided basic information later used for mathematical-statistical analysis. The main advantage of driving simulators is limitless usage. It is possible to simulate situations that would be unacceptable in real road traffic. Therefore, this study could focus also on drivers influenced by alcohol. The main goal of the article is to evaluate the reaction times. Then it was possible to evaluate if gender, practice, and alcohol, statistically significantly affect the reaction time. We also focused on drinking before driving for a smaller number of drivers. For these mathematical-statistical purposes, we used a one-sample t-test, paired-samples t-test, and independent-sample t-test.
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Mercer, G. William. "The relationships among driving while impaired charges, police drinking—driving roadcheck activity, media coverage and alcohol-related casualty traffic accidents". Accident Analysis & Prevention 17, n.º 6 (1985): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(85)90042-9.
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Pantea, Cristina, Razvan Horhat, Salomeia Putnoky, Oana Suciu, Ioana Tuta Sas, Codruta Bacean, Radu Bagiu, Corneluta Fira Mladinescu y Brigitha Vlaicu. "Risk Behaviours for Traffic Accidents in 18-20 Years Young People Travelling with Drunk Driver of Timis County, Romania". Revista de Chimie 69, n.º 3 (15 de abril de 2018): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.3.6179.
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The present research aimed to assess some predictors for experiencing traveling in a car with a driver who has consumed alcohol, in a group of young people, aged between 18 and 20 years, residents of Timis County, Romania. The study group of 1606 young subjects, 18-20 years of age, 51.4% pupils and 48.6% students, with girls being significantly better represented, was applied a transversal population study. Percents of 29.8% of boys and 28.4% of girls got 1-3 times in a car with a drunk driver, and 10.1% of boys and 6.5% of girls traveled in such circumstances more than 4 times. Boys tend to accept the risks of traveling in a car with a drunk driver significantly more frequently than girls. We identified some predictors for traveling with a driver who has consumed alcohol, such as the binge drinking model and the model of mixed alcohol and drugs consumption, the practice of alcohol consumption associated with vehicle driving by the father, as well as by friends.
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E, Tejaaswini. "Driver Behaviour Detection Based on Convolution Neural System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n.º 8 (31 de agosto de 2023): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55177.
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Abstract: Driving is a set of behaviours that need high concentration. Sometimes these behaviours are dominated by other acts such as smoking, eating, drinking, talking, phone calls, adjusting the radio, or drowsiness. These are also the main causes of current traffic accidents. Therefore, developing applications to warn drivers in advance is essential. This research introduces a light-weight convolutional neural network architecture to recognize driver behaviours, helping the warning system to provide accurate information and to minimize traffic collisions. This network is a combination of feature extraction and classifier modules. The feature extraction module uses the advantages of the standard convolution layers, depth wise separable convolution layers, average pooling layers, and proposed adaptive connections to extract the feature maps. The benefit of the convolution block attention module is deployed in the feature extraction module that guides the network in learning the salient features. The classifier module is comprised of a global average pooling and soft max layer to calculate the probability of each class. The overall design optimizes the network parameters and maintains classification accuracy. The entire network is trained and evaluated on three benchmark datasets.
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Males, Mike. "Should California Reconsider Its Legal Drinking Age?" Californian Journal of Health Promotion 6, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v6i2.1304.
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The recent call by 120 American college presidents for reassessment of the legal drinking age of 21 occurs as earlier studies prove to be increasingly limited and outdated. This study tests drinking age effects during the 1975-2005 period using Incidence Rate Ratio analysis of fatal traffic accident and violent death trends among persons ages 16-17, 18-20, and 21-24, as states with lower drinking ages at the time later raised their age limits to 21. Corresponding trends among ages 25-44 and in states that maintained constant drinking ages of 21 were used as control series. The 10 states that maintained “graduated drinking ages” of 18 for beer and/or wine displayed significantly lower violent death incidences among young people than did states with drinking ages for all alcoholic beverages of 18, 19, 20, or 21. This secondary data analysis suggests that California could reduce violent deaths, especially from homicides and motor vehicles, among 18-20-year-olds by approximately 9%, with similar benefits for 16-17- and 21-24-year-olds, if the legal drinking age for beer and wine was reduced to 18 and a controlled system of low-alcohol bars was initiated.
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Čulík, Kristián, Alica Kalašová y Vladimíra Štefancová. "Evaluation of Driver’s Reaction Time Measured in Driving Simulator". Sensors 22, n.º 9 (6 de mayo de 2022): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093542.
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This article evaluates the driver’s reaction times in a driving simulator environment. The research focused mainly on young drivers under the age of 26, who cause many accidents. Each participating driver provided basic information later used for mathematical-statistical analysis. The main advantage of driving simulators is limitless usage. It is possible to simulate situations that would be unacceptable in real road traffic. Therefore, this study is also able to examine drunk driving. The main goal of the article is to evaluate if gender, practice, or alcohol significantly affected the reaction time of 30 drivers. We also focused on drinking before driving for a smaller number of the drivers; ten of them performed driving under the influence of alcohol. For these mathematical-statistical purposes, we used a one-sample t-test, a paired-samples t-test, an independent-sample t-test, and a correlation analysis together with the assessment of its statistical significance.
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Sato, Yuichi, Kosuke Nagano, Fumiya Kinoshita y Hideaki Touyama. "Study of Changes over Time in Breath Alcohol Concentration and Brain Function Induced by Low-Impact Drinking". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 27, n.º 3 (20 de mayo de 2023): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2023.p0438.
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Currently, Japan’s Road Traffic Act uses the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), which is the concentration of alcohol in 1 L of breath, to enforce the law. However, 400 drunk driving accidents occurred in 2020 when the BrAC was below 0.15 mg/L, which is legal limit in Japan, and cognitive function may be impaired at this concentration. Therefore, we investigated the effects of alcohol consumption at levels below a BrAC of 0.15 mg/L on cognitive function and its change over time using P300, a type of event-related potential, and the concomitant negative variation (CNV). Beer with a 5% alcohol content was used as the drinking load, and the amount of alcohol consumed was determined using a derivation formula that varied according to the subject’s body weight. Electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements were obtained five times before drinking and 10, 30, 50, and 70 min after, and participants were given a go/no-go task to induce event-related potentials during the measurements. The BrAC was measured immediately before the EEG measurement was performed. The results revealed that the alcohol concentration in the exhaled breath increased significantly (p<0.05) at 10, 30, and 50 min after drinking compared with immediately before. In addition, the P300 latency was significantly prolonged (p<0.05), and the early and late CNV amplitudes were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the event-related potentials during these time periods. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in expiratory alcohol concentration at 70 min post-drinking, but significant changes in event-related potentials still occurred. Therefore, our results suggest that cognitive function is impaired in patients with low levels of alcohol consumption, when the BrAC is below the legal limit, and even when the BrAC recovers after the end of alcohol consumption.
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Fang, Xinru y Xinyue Yan. "Research on fatigue driving detection technology based on Dlib and micro-expression". Journal of Computing and Electronic Information Management 13, n.º 2 (28 de junio de 2024): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/f6vekq93.
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Driver fatigue is the most important factor contributing to the annual increase in traffic accidents and fatalities. Fatigue can affect driving performance due to lack of concentration and slower reaction time. Therefore, fatigue detection systems are crucial for safe driving. This article proposes a fatigue driving detection scheme based on the dlib library. Build a facial key point detection system based on the Dlib library. Real time calculation of eye and mouth data and head Euler angles using HOG-SVM algorithm, PnP algorithm, and fixed threshold. When running the YOLOV5 model in a PyTorch environment to recognize distracting behaviors, training is conducted on the sample and test sets for recognition, and the accuracy of the model is verified using the validation set for accurate recognition. Train smoking, answering and making phone calls, and drinking water behaviors to achieve distraction detection. Using convolutional neural networks to detect driver status and perform micro expression analysis. Fatigue assessment in multi feature situations of eye, mouth, and head posture and micro expression attention discrimination.
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Komolafe, Deborah, Oluwatosin Olorunmoteni, Hannah Afolabi, Oluwatobiloba Akinwale, Ahmed Idowu, Ahmed Sanusi, Jamiu Akanji et al. "1091 "If You Sleep, You Have Missed It": Perceptions of Sleep Among Long-distance Drivers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria". SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (20 de abril de 2024): A469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.01091.
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Abstract Introduction Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are a major cause of mortality and disability in developing countries. Previous studies suggest that one-third of road traffic accidents are due to drowsy driving. The frequency and causes of drowsy driving in Nigeria are unknown as there is limited data and publication on the subject. Hence, this study was carried out as part of an awareness program for the 2023 World Sleep Day to explore the perceptions and determinants of poor sleep among long-distance drivers in Ile-Ife. Methods A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted with a focus group conducted among 12 leaders of drivers in Ile-Ife. Ethical approval and consent were obtained beforehand. Participants were asked about their perception of sleep with a pre-developed interview guide. Their responses were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and ATLAS.ti 22.3 was used to manage the data. Thematic analysis was done, and sample quotes were documented. Results All respondents were male aged 45 to 52 years. The drivers described their sleep as not sufficient as they leave for work early and return late. A recurrent response was; “sleep is very important, but for people like us, sleep is not sufficient.” Four factors were identified that affect sleep quality: financial debt, responsibilities, drinking alcohol for recreation, and distance traveled. Participants reported that they work longer hours to be able to pay for the hired buses they drive, alongside responsibilities such as payment of children’s school fees, as described; “Had it been that one has a basic salary; one can sleep conveniently till 9 am.” The drivers also added that they prefer to drink alcohol and have fun after work, which affects their sleep. Additionally, drivers who travel intra-state return early and sleep more. Conclusion Commercial drivers are at an increased risk for drowsy driving and, consequently, are at risk for RTAs. This study highlights the multifactorial and socioeconomic challenges that influence sleep quality among long-distance drivers in South West Nigeria. Further studies are required, and educational and economic measures are recommended to be implemented to reduce this risk. Support (if any)
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Fiorelli, Denise, Leonardo Romani, Michele Treglia, Margherita Pallocci, Pierluigi Passalacqua, Luca Coppeta, Luigi Tonino Marsella y Roberta Tittarelli. "Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Abuse: A Retrospective Study of the Italian Drinking Trend among Drivers from 2016 to 2022". Toxics 11, n.º 11 (7 de noviembre de 2023): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110914.
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Alcohol abuse is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early diagnosis of alcohol abuse enables preventive intervention on the effects and risks associated with its consumption. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the most reliable biomarkers of chronic alcohol misuse. We retrospectively studied a population of 12,624 subjects who had their driving license suspended for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs from 2016 to 2022. The analytical determination of CDT was performed following a certified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Data were split by year, age and gender. The majority of subjects with positive %CDT were male, although the trend of positivity was similar between males and females. A steady increase in both the number of tests performed and the number of positives was observed over the years. Patients aged 41–50 years had the highest prevalence, followed by 51–60, 31–40 and 18–30 years. CDT continues to be a steady marker for diagnosis of alcohol abuse in the majority of cases. Data emerging from our study are in line with the increasing national trends on traffic accidents, injuries and deaths related to alcohol and drug DUI (driving under the influence), requiring the implementation of preventive measures to limit this ever-growing phenomenon.
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German, Christopher A., Kaewalee Soontornmon, Phathai Singkham, Lokachet Tanasugarn, Ratanachote Thienmongkol, Natirath Weeranakin, Hiroshi Tamura y Akihiro Nishi. "A Systematic Review on Epidemiology and Promotion of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Thailand". Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 31, n.º 5 (julio de 2019): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539519860733.
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Background. Road traffic accidents are the fourth leading cause of death in the entire population, and the first among the youth (ages 15-19 years) in Thailand. The situation in Thailand is worse than in neighboring low- to middle-income countries in the Southeast Asia region. Seventy-three percent of the deaths in the country are motorcycle drivers or passengers. Although motorcyclists (both drivers and passengers) have been obligated to wear helmets by law, the prevalence of helmet use nationwide is not high (43.7% in 2010). Methods. We performed a systematic review to examine potential social determinants of helmet use behavior (observational studies) and to summarize previous intervention studies to promote helmet use (interventional studies) in the country. Studies were identified in PubMed and Web of Science, and by additional review of Thai-written literature. Results. We identified 16 relevant studies for social determinants of helmet use and 5 relevant studies for promoting helmet use in Thailand. Our review shows that several factors such as teens and children (age), women (gender), rural areas (geography), and alcohol drinking (interaction with another behavior) are associated with non-helmet use. We also identified 4 interventional studies implemented in Thailand: 1 law enforcement program and 4 community-based educational programs. Although all the studies improved the prevalence of helmet use after the interventions, only 2 studies exceeded 50%. Conclusion. There is consistent evidence that being younger, being a woman, living in non-Bangkok areas, and drinking alcohol are associated with non-helmet use among motorcycle users in Thailand. We also observed that the effect of past intervention programs is limited.
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Alford, Chris, Callum Broom, Harriet Carver, Sean J. Johnson, Sam Lands, Rebecca Reece y Joris C. Verster. "The Impact of Alcohol Hangover on Simulated Driving Performance during a ‘Commute to Work’—Zero and Residual Alcohol Effects Compared". Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, n.º 5 (12 de mayo de 2020): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051435.
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Driving is increasing across the world and road traffic accidents are a major cause of serious injuries and fatalities. The link between alcohol consumption and impaired driving has long been established and has led to legislation in many countries, with enforcement of legal limits based on blood alcohol concentration levels. Alcohol hangover research is an emerging field with a range of laboratory and naturalistic studies now clearly demonstrating the significant impairments that can result from hangover, even when alcohol levels are measured at or close to zero the day following a social drinking occasion. Driving is a commonplace activity but requires competency with a range of complex and potentially demanding tasks. Driving impaired can have serious consequences, including death and serious injury. There have been only limited alcohol hangover driving studies. The studies presented examined the consequences of alcohol hangover with a driving simulator contrasting a group with zero residual alcohol (N = 26) next day and another with residual alcohol (N = 26) assessed with breathalyzer in the morning before undertaking a 20 min commute to work. All participants completed a morning drive after a night without alcohol consumption and another after a night of social drinking. The driving scenarios were relatively demanding including traffic and pedestrians, traffic lights and other potential hazards in a mixed rural and urban journey. Subjective hangover and workload were assessed in addition to a range of driving performance variables, including divided attention, steering control and driving violations. Analyses contrasted driving in the no alcohol condition with the residual alcohol condition. The combined groups data (N = 52) was contrasted with the zero and residual alcohol groups. Significant contrasts were found for a range of driving measures, including divided attention, vehicle control, and driving violations as well as perceived workload. The pattern of impairment was broadly similar across both groups, indicating that whether or not residual alcohol was present, consistent driving impairment was seen. The relatively high number of significant variables may reflect the increased cognitive demand of the 20 min commute drive including busy and complex urban environments. This was also reflected in the significant increase in perceived workload recorded across the 6 dimensions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Associations between subjective measures and driving performance with hangover suggested a potential lack of awareness of impairment, though were limited in number. The overall findings indicate that the levels of impairment seen reflect those seen with alcohol impaired driving, even when breath alcohol is zero.
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Lewsey, Jim, Houra Haghpanahan, Daniel Mackay, Emma McIntosh, Jill Pell y Andy Jones. "Impact of legislation to reduce the drink-drive limit on road traffic accidents and alcohol consumption in Scotland: a natural experiment study". Public Health Research 7, n.º 12 (junio de 2019): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr07120.
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Background It is widely recognised that drink driving is a leading cause of road traffic accidents (RTAs). There is evidence that changing the drink-drive limit from a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 to 0.05 g/dl is effective in reducing RTAs. Scotland changed the blood alcohol concentration limit to 0.05 g/dl on 5 December 2014. Aims To assess whether or not the numbers and rates of RTAs and per capita alcohol consumption in Scotland were reduced because of the 2014 drink-drive legislation. To assess whether or not the 2014 change in legislation provided good value for money. Design A natural experimental, quantitative study. The control group was England and Wales, that is, the other countries in Great Britain, where the drink-drive legislation remained unchanged. Setting Great Britain. Participants The entire population of Scotland, England and Wales for the period of January 2013–December 2016. Intervention The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland. Outcome measures The counts and rates of RTAs; and per capita alcohol consumption. Methods For the numbers and rates of RTAs (both traffic flow and population denominators were used), and separately for the intervention and control trial groups, negative binomial regression models were fitted to panel data sets to test for a change in outcome level after the new 2014 legislation was in place. To obtain a ‘difference-in-differences’ (DiD)-type measure of effect, an interaction term between the intervention group indicator and the binary covariate for indicating pre and post change in legislation (‘pseudo’-change for the control group) was assessed. For off- and on-trade per capita alcohol sales, and separately for the intervention and control trial group, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average error models were fitted to the relevant time series. Results The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 2% relative decrease in RTAs in Scotland [relative risk (RR) 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.04; p = 0.53]. However, the pseudo-change in legislation was associated with a 5% decrease in RTAs in England and Wales (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00; p = 0.05). For RTA rates, with traffic flow as the denominator, the DiD-type estimate indicated a 7% increase in rates for Scotland relative to England and Wales (unadjusted RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.17; p = 0.1). The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 0.3% relative decrease in per capita off-trade sales (–0.3%, 95% CI –1.7% to 1.1%; p = 0.71) and a 0.7% decrease in per capita on-trade sales (–0.7%, 95% CI –0.8% to –0.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusion The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland in December 2014 did not have the expected effect of reducing RTAs in the country, and nor did it change alcohol drinking levels in Scotland. This main finding for RTAs was unexpected and the research has shown that a lack of enforcement is the most likely reason for legislation failure. Future work Investigations into how the public interpret and act on changes in drink-drive legislation would be welcome, as would research into whether or not previous change in drink-drive legislation effects on RTAs in other jurisdictions are associated with the level of enforcement that took place. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38602189. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Majláth, Melinda y Pascal Ricordel. "CSR Communication in Problematic Sectors: The Example of Hungarian Brewers". European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2019): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p326.
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Thesis statement: CSR reputation indices (like MSC KLD400, Dow Jones Sustainability Index) exist in such form which exclude companies operating in ethically questionable industries like tobacco, gambling, nuclear power, adult entertainment or alcoholic drinks. However, drinking alcohol is a very important part of the culture and is a tradition in many European countries (for socializing and as a gift) even if in some cases it has very ambivalent judgment. Alcohol addiction, domestic violence, traffic accidents, serious health problems mean a real burden on the society. So the main question is how these companies try to legitimize their behaviour through their CSR actions? Methodology: Structured, qualitative comparison of the CSR communication of the four biggest Hungarian brewers has been made. Information provided on the homepage is tested as the main and most easily available source for concerned customers. Results: Significant difference can be seen among the examined brewers in their CSR activities and its communication. Some breweries which are subsidiaries of big international companies have CSR policy at corporate level but they are not actually translated it into local initiatives. The increased amount of alcohol-free beer offered and sold is a positive trend. Conclusions and Implications: Proving legitimacy of their activity is the central element of CSR communication, but responsibility-taking is mainly perceived as a role of the consumer or the employees but not for the company itself. Keywords: Beer manufacturer, CSR, qualitative research, ethical responsibility
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Dunbar, J. A., S. A. Ogston, A. Ritchie, M. S. Devgun, J. Hagart y B. T. Martin. "Are problem drinkers dangerous drivers? An investigation of arrest for drinking and driving, serum gamma glutamyltranspeptidase activities, blood alcohol concentrations, and road traffic accidents: the Tayside Safe Driving Project." BMJ 290, n.º 6471 (16 de marzo de 1985): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.290.6471.827.
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Das, Bishnu Ram, Sampurna Bora, Arpan Kumar Das y Gitali Kakoti. "Knowledge and practices towards road safety measures among intern and resident doctors: a cross-sectional study". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, n.º 11 (27 de octubre de 2021): 5456. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214288.
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Background: In spite of ongoing commitment and efforts, road traffic accidents continue to be a leading cause of death and disabilities in India. Adequate knowledge on road safety measures among budding doctors can create awareness and provide preventive counselling to their clients. An attempt was made to assess the knowledge and practices about road safety measures among intern and resident doctors working in tertiary care setting.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 young doctors of Jorhat Medical College, Jorhat, Assam.Results: Among the enrolled study participants 54% were intern and 46% were resident doctors. More than half of the participants were male. Knowledge on different, road signs among the young doctors ranges in between 68% to 99%. The dangerous effects of alcohol consumption while driving/riding were known to 93% of the participants. While riding two wheels, only 58% always use helmet with belt and 33% sometimes use mobile phone. Regarding exceed in speed limit in two wheels, 11 (17%) participants informed that they surpass the speed limit and among them 10 (26%) were males which was found to be statistically significant. Among four-wheelers, 48% always use seat belt and 49% sometimes use mobile phone while driving. During four-wheel driving, 21% participants were involved in occasional drinking/smoking and it was found significantly higher in males.Conclusions: The study revealed that in spite of having adequate knowledge about road safety measures, intern and resident doctors are poor in practicing which warrant motivational and counselling intervention.
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Vásquez Giler, Yira Annabell, Alina González Hernández, Paula Salomé Macías Moreira y Olimpia Victoria Carrillo Farnés. "Análisis de la situación de salud en Cerro Guayabal". QhaliKay. Revista de Ciencias de la Salud ISSN: 2588-0608 1, n.º 1 (11 de abril de 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/qkrcs.v1i1.125.
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El Análisis de Situación de Salud es una herramienta que busca mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de poblaciones. Se diseñó una investigación transversal, descriptiva; con doble propósito: relacio- nar condiciones de vida y comportamiento del proceso salud y enfermedad en la comunidad Cerro de Guayabal y realizar ejercicio práctico-docente con estudiantes del quinto semestre de Medicina. Se encuestaron 266 familias, 1134 personas (91%) de la población total. El 71% solo alcanza nivel de formación primaria. Más de la mitad tiene viviendas en condiciones regulares y cultura sanita- ria entre regular y mal. El 87% no tiene necesidades básicas cubiertas. Más del 50% son familias disfuncionales. El 56% se dispensarizó de riesgo y 11% enfermos. Dada las condiciones de vida y ausencia de centro de salud parece existir morbilidad oculta. Existe riesgo de accidentes de tránsito y laboral. Resultó un tema crítico la recolección de residuos, el acceso a agua potable y la conta- minación ambiental. Existe imperiosa necesidad de intervenciones de salud para mejorar el estado de salud y calidad de vida de esta comunidad.
Palabras clave: calidad de vida, estado de salud, salud pública.
Abstract:
The Health Situation Analysis is a tool that seeks to improve the health and quality of life of pop- ulations. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed; with dual purpose: to relate living con- ditions and health behavior and disease process in the Cerro de Guayabal community and make practical-teaching practice with students of the fifth semester of Medicine. 266 families, 1134 people (91%) of the total population were surveyed. Only 71% reached primary level. More than half are in regular housing conditions and health culture fair to poor. 87% do not cover basic needs. More than 50% are dysfunctional families. 56% were risk dispensary and 11% were sick. Given the living conditions and lack of health center it seems to be hidden morbidity. There is a risk of traffic and labor accidents. Waste collection, access to drinking water and environmental pollution were critical issues. There is an urgent need for health interventions to improve the health state and quality of life of this community.
Key words: life quality, health state, public health.
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Vásquez Giler, Yira Annabell, Alina González Hernández, Paula Salomé Macías Moreira y Olimpia Victoria Carrillo Farnés. "Análisis de la situación de salud en Cerro Guayabal". QhaliKay. Revista de Ciencias de la Salud ISSN: 2588-0608 1, n.º 1 (11 de abril de 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/qhalikay.v1i1.125.
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El Análisis de Situación de Salud es una herramienta que busca mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de poblaciones. Se diseñó una investigación transversal, descriptiva; con doble propósito: relacio- nar condiciones de vida y comportamiento del proceso salud y enfermedad en la comunidad Cerro de Guayabal y realizar ejercicio práctico-docente con estudiantes del quinto semestre de Medicina. Se encuestaron 266 familias, 1134 personas (91%) de la población total. El 71% solo alcanza nivel de formación primaria. Más de la mitad tiene viviendas en condiciones regulares y cultura sanita- ria entre regular y mal. El 87% no tiene necesidades básicas cubiertas. Más del 50% son familias disfuncionales. El 56% se dispensarizó de riesgo y 11% enfermos. Dada las condiciones de vida y ausencia de centro de salud parece existir morbilidad oculta. Existe riesgo de accidentes de tránsito y laboral. Resultó un tema crítico la recolección de residuos, el acceso a agua potable y la conta- minación ambiental. Existe imperiosa necesidad de intervenciones de salud para mejorar el estado de salud y calidad de vida de esta comunidad.
Palabras clave: calidad de vida, estado de salud, salud pública.
Abstract:
The Health Situation Analysis is a tool that seeks to improve the health and quality of life of pop- ulations. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed; with dual purpose: to relate living con- ditions and health behavior and disease process in the Cerro de Guayabal community and make practical-teaching practice with students of the fifth semester of Medicine. 266 families, 1134 people (91%) of the total population were surveyed. Only 71% reached primary level. More than half are in regular housing conditions and health culture fair to poor. 87% do not cover basic needs. More than 50% are dysfunctional families. 56% were risk dispensary and 11% were sick. Given the living conditions and lack of health center it seems to be hidden morbidity. There is a risk of traffic and labor accidents. Waste collection, access to drinking water and environmental pollution were critical issues. There is an urgent need for health interventions to improve the health state and quality of life of this community.
Key words: life quality, health state, public health.
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Chui, Kwok Tai, Wadee Alhalabi y Ryan Wen Liu. "Head motion coefficient-based algorithm for distracted driving detection". Data Technologies and Applications 53, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2019): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dta-09-2018-0086.
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PurposeConcentration is the key to safer driving. Ideally, drivers should focus mainly on front views and side mirrors. Typical distractions are eating, drinking, cell phone use, using and searching things in car as well as looking at something outside the car. In this paper, distracted driving detection algorithm is targeting on nine scenarios nodding, head shaking, moving the head 45° to upper left and back to position, moving the head 45° to lower left and back to position, moving the head 45° to upper right and back to position, moving the head 45° to lower right and back to position, moving the head upward and back to position, head dropping down and blinking as fundamental elements for distracted events. The purpose of this paper is preliminary study these scenarios for the ideal distraction detection, the exact type of distraction.Design/methodology/approachThe system consists of distraction detection module that processes video stream and compute motion coefficient to reinforce identification of distraction conditions of drivers. Motion coefficient of the video frames is computed which follows by the spike detection via statistical filtering.FindingsThe accuracy of head motion analyzer is given as 98.6 percent. With such satisfactory result, it is concluded that the distraction detection using light computation power algorithm is an appropriate direction and further work could be devoted on more scenarios as well as background light intensity and resolution of video frames.Originality/valueThe system aimed at detecting the distraction of the public transport driver. By providing instant response and timely warning, it can lower the road traffic accidents and casualties due to poor physical conditions. A low latency and lightweight head motion detector has been developed for online driver awareness monitoring.
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Ghosh, Jagodish Chandra, Samaresh Chandra Hazra, Sudhangsu Kumar Singha y Md Faroque Reza Aolad. "Resurfacing of hand injury with groin flap: an analysis of thirty four cases". Bangladesh Medical Journal 43, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2014): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21372.
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Hand injuries are prevalent among the young adult and middle aged active people specially who are engaged with machinery works. Hand performs the unique and essential mechanical function and for fulfillment of this function it is imperative to provide good soft tissue coverage with sensibility. Skin grafting causes wound contraction and result in gliding of tendon directly under skin and is also unable to provide sensibility. Though cutting and slicing injury can be closed directly, crushing, degloving and avulsion injury needs coverage with a flap. Free flap require highly skilled microvascular anastomoting technique and needs expertise. Pedicle flap are suitable for this purpose where facilities for free flap transfer are not available. This prospective observational study which was done in National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopadic Rehabilitation during the period from January 2000 to december 2001 involving thirty four patients with a age range of 15-50 yrs who sustained hand injury from machinery injury, road traffic accident and electric burn.The patients were followed up at 4th (week), 6th (week), 8th (week), 16th and 20th week. Majority of patient are male. 58.82% of patient had suffered from machinery injury and 23.52% of patient had suffered from road traffic accident. During resurfacing of hand injuries, 58.82% of patient needed a flap length between 15 to 17 cm and rest of the patient (41.16%) requires flap length below 15 cm.Among all patients, 70.6% required 7 cm to 10 cm wide flap and rest of the patient between 5 cm to 7 cm. About 86% of patients had no loss of flap, 10.71% had marginal distal flap loss, 3.57% patient had distal flap loss up to 5% and no patient had distal flap loss >5%. Functional out come in terms of Eating, drinking, dressing,washing, writing were satisfactory in all cases except only one patient who developed stiffness of hand which was 3.58% of total patient. Functional outcome were evaluated in terms of eating, drinking, dressing, washing, writing and other purposeful movement; and also in terms of joint movement, power grip and pinching. All patient regained full range of movement except one patient who had deficit of finger movement. In conclusion groin flap can be a better choice for resurfacing the hand injury with acceptable results. This study recommends the use of groin flap as routine choice for resurfacing larger hand injuries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21372 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 21-25
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Sapsirisavat, Vorapot y Wiriya Mahikul. "Drinking and Night-Time Driving May Increase the Risk of Severe Health Outcomes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Traffic Injuries among International Travelers at a University Hospital Emergency Center in Thailand". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 18 (17 de septiembre de 2021): 9823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189823.
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Road traffic injury (RTI) is a leading cause of death in developing countries. This burden affects not only locals, but also international travelers. Data on international travelers with RTIs in Thailand, especially from a medical perspective, are limited. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with severe health outcomes following RTIs among international travelers at a university hospital emergency center in Thailand from January 2015 to December 2019. The retrieved data consisted of demographics, risks, preventive factors, and health outcomes. The severity of outcome was classified as fatality, hospitalization, or non-severe. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify the possible determinants of severity of health outcome among international travelers with RTI. A total of 720 travelers with RTIs (69% males; 82.5% were Southeast Asian) were included, with a mean age of 28.5 years. Of these, 144 (20%) had severe health outcomes: 64 (9%) fatalities and 80 (11%) hospitalizations. The level of severity of outcome was not associated with travelers’ demographics, but was associated with conventional risk factors, i.e., motorcycle use, alcohol/drug use, night-time driving, and less use of seatbelt/helmet. In a multinomial logistic regression analysis, alcohol drinking (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–4.55) and night-time driving (AOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.36–4.75) were associated with hospitalization. Patients who had a history of tetanus vaccination were less likely to die (AOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17–0.81). In conclusion, one-fifth of RTIs resulted in severe health outcomes, and 9% were fatal. Road safety campaigns in Thailand should target travelers of all nationalities. Interventions that enhance travelers’ safety practices and proper preparation for road accidents should be explored further.
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Vrábel, Ján, Branislav Sarkan y Amit Vashisth. "Change of driver's reaction time depending on the amount of alcohol consumed by the driver - the case study". Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 87, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol87.art4.
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Each driver should drive according to the actual road traffic rules of the country in which is he currently located. The law systems of various states of Europe allow an increased maximal blood alcohol level of driver. As the fact that no small number of road accidents is caused because of the influence of alcohol on the driver, it is necessary to focus the attention of the society on this issue. The paper deals with the influence of alcohol to change of the reaction time of the driver. During the project of the alcohol effect on the driver and its behaviour, the reaction time of several drivers of a selected group of people was measured. At first (before alcohol drinking) it was assessed the physical and mental condition of the drivers, using a series of question. Subsequently were carried out the measurements by car with sober driver. After this initial measurement the driver began to drink an alcohol and after 20 minutes the level of alcohol in driver´s breath was determined by certificated equipment. After finding of this value was the driver re-tested by the car, where he had to stop the vehicle before simulated barrier. During the tests the stopping distance, the mean fully developed deceleration was explored as the supporting variables. As the most important variable was the driver´s reaction time. It was researched by using of the video-analysing from two synchronized cameras. The aim of this paper is to focus on the fact that there is a dependence between the amount of consumed alcohol and the driver´s reaction time, which significantly affects the road safety. The reaction time of the driver directly influences to the stopping distance thus it is resolute for stopping the vehicle before a barrier
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Akinlade, Olusanya C. y William R. Brieger. "Motorcycle Taxis and Road Safety in Southwestern Nigeria". International Quarterly of Community Health Education 22, n.º 1 (abril de 2003): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kqpm-rj52-4uy6-9l1y.
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Motorcycles have become a major form of commercial transportation in Nigeria over the past decade, due in large part to the economic downturn which has placed the purchase and maintenance of new cars and minibuses beyond the grasp of most. The phenomenon began in the towns of Igbo-Ora and Eruwa in southwestern Oyo State, Nigeria around 1989, and has been observed to have important health risks while at the same time providing essential transportation. The study documented 81 road traffic accidents from hospital records in the town of Igbo-Ora in the six months preceding the survey. An observational component of the study documented that only one among 480 motorcyclists observed wore a helmet. Other safety problems included speed, failure to stop at a junction before entering a main road, wearing non-protective light clothing and slippers, carrying in excess of one passenger, and failure to make appropriate turn signals. Older drivers were observed to perform more safety behaviors than younger ones. A total of 267 commercial motorcycle (taxi) drivers (CMDs) were interviewed. Only 31% had some form of license (including learner permits), only 44.2% had seen a copy of the highway code, and 28.1% were reported to have consumed alcohol during short breaks from work. CMDs who had some form of license were older, owned their motorcycle, and had higher safety self-efficacy scores. Those who had seen the highway code, which is published in English, were more educated and had longer years of driving experience, higher safety self-efficacy scores, and greater road safety knowledge. Drinking alcohol during the workday was negatively associated with safety self-efficacy, safety opinion scores, and ownership of the motorcycle. Health education based in the CMD union, school health education, and public advocacy to make consumers/passengers aware of safety issues is recommended.