Tesis: "Drink driving"

1

Mak, Chin-ho y 麥展豪. "From drunk driving to drink driving in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978605.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Mak, Chin-ho. "From drunk driving to drink driving in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20731656.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Briscoe, Suzanne Marie Social Science &amp Policy UNSW. "Deterrence, punishment severity and drink-driving". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Social Science and Policy, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23442.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis tests one of the major propositions of deterrence theory: that increases in the severity of punishment can reduce the likelihood of offending. To this end, a case study in which the statutory penalties were doubled for almost all drink-driving offences in New South Wales, Australia, is examined. Two quasi-experimental studies were undertaken to assess the impact of these legislative changes: an interrupted time-series analysis of road crash rates (Study 1) and an analysis of drink-driving reoffending rates before and after the penalty changes were implemented (Study 2). Study 1 showed a significant increase in a surrogate measure of alcohol-related road crashes after the tougher drink-driving penalties were introduced. Further analyses suggested that this increase was driven primarily by a secular rise in non alcohol-related crashes that coincided with the policy???s implementation. Two possible conclusions about the deterrent effect of the policy are drawn from these findings: (1) that there was a reduction in alcohol-related road crashes which was overwhelmed by the rise in non alcohol-related crashes occurring around the same time or (2) that there was no change in crash rates. Study 2 found that drink-drivers who were convicted under the new penalty regime were less likely, and took longer, to reoffend than drink-drivers convicted before the introduction of the new penalties. This reduction in reoffending was only apparent for drink-drivers residing in country and regional areas and was small in magnitude.These latter findings are consistent with the possibility that the penalty changes coincided with a reduction in alcohol-related crashes but suggest that any decrease is likely to have been relatively small. A third study using a scenario-based survey methodology was also undertaken to examine the relationship between legal sanctions and willingness to drink-drive, controlling for other factors. The results of this study showed that participants who were more knowledgeable about drink-driving penalties were less likely to state that they would offend in the drink-driving scenario than participants who were less knowledgeable about the law. The implications of these findings for deterrence theory and criminal justice policy are discussed.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Jia, Keqin. "An investigation of the knowledge and practices relating to drink driving among Chinese drivers". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82826/2/Keqin_Jia_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

This project was a comprehensive study of drink driving in two Chinese cities. It examined general motor vehicle drivers' and drunk driving offenders' knowledge on and practices of drinking and driving, and their interaction with alcohol misuse problems. In addition, traffic police officers' perceptions of drink driving and their legal enforcement practices were studied. The differences between the two cities (Guangzhou and Yinchuan) were discussed and the approaches by China and Australia to drink driving legislation, legal enforcement and policy were also compared.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Li, Yuen-chong y 李婉莊. "A three-pronged approach to drink-driving study". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206350.

Texto completo

Resumen

Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) is well recognized as one of the key human factors that increase the risks of traffic accidents and associated injuries and fatalities. These risks increase rapidly with the alcohol concentration in human body. Unfortunately, drink-driving not only increases the accident and injury risks of drivers, but also increases the risks to innocent road users. Despite the decrease in the number of alcohol-related accidents over the past decade, few comprehensive studies have investigated the relationship between the drivers’ alcohol consumption, the actual impairment in driving performance due to alcohol, and the resulting accident and injury risks. Therefore, the development of an appropriate road safety policy framework would help to formulate appropriate measures and penalties for combating drink-driving, thus reducing the associated injuries and fatalities in the long term. To better understand the relationship between drink-driving and traffic safety, this study attempts to evaluate the alcohol-impaired effect on traffic safety in a three-pronged approach: risk analysis, physiological performance, and attitudinal evaluation. For the crash risk analysis, impairment effects of alcohol on the severity of injuries and road crashes in Hong Kong were determined using the comprehensive random breath test (RBT) data. For the physiological performance, simulation study was conducted to develop a temporal profile of driver alcohol concentration and to determine the relationship between driver alcohol concentration and the actual alcohol-impaired driving performance for Chinese populations. Finally, for the attitudinal evaluation, a perception survey was used to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation on drivers’ intention to reduce drink-driving. Findings of the three-pronged analysis were then integrated to provide a useful tool for formulating effective legislation and enforcement measures to combat drink-driving, with respect to the driver’s perceptions, observed driving performance, and actual road safety levels in the long term.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Wilson, Hollie J. "Reducing recidivism by first time drink driving offenders". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82215/1/Hollie_Wilson_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

This research provides a detailed description of first time drink driving offenders at the time of their court appearance and at follow-up to examine the factors leading to subsequent drink driving. To develop models for behavioural change a novel theoretical application of the Health Action Process Approach was used to determine what enables some offenders to avoid future drink driving. Utilising self-report and official offence records in the follow-up of offenders enabled an in depth exploration of first offender characteristics and drink driving behaviour. The research demonstrates that first offenders are not a homogenous group in terms of their characteristics or the circumstances of the offence and will be used to develop tailored countermeasures for first offenders including online intervention programs.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Kardell, Winston. "Structured Assessment of Recidivist Drink Drivers". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21679.

Texto completo

Resumen

Purpose: To develop and validate a questionnaire designed to assess drink driving behaviour and risk factors among a group of repeat drink drivers enrolled by convenience sampling of patients attending a public drug and alcohol service. Methods: Drink Driving Recidivism Questionnaire (DDRQ) was developed from previous research experiences, literature review and the need in the local area of Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District. DDRQ was assessed by two psychometricians, reviewed by twelve expert clinicians, pilot tested with a subset of voluntary participants. Data collected was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Participants were followed up in a 12-month structured clinical care pathway. Results: Literature review concludes that overall there appears to be lack of high quality studies looking at clinical interventions for reducing recidivism as an outcome. Whatever the intervention the effect is only temporary and short term. Fifty participants completed the DDRQ while being assessed for drugs and alcohol treatment plan. Ninety-eight percent of participants responded well with the interview at recruitment, and participants were willing to disclose personal details of their drink driving behaviour. Fifteen participants (30%) were engaged in treatment in three months, ten participants, (20%) reported maintaining abstinence from alcohol, with improved liver function tests and mental health over twelve months. Seven participants (14%) were involved in structured clinical care pathway and regained the drivers licence. Discussion: Although effective interventions are limited in value and mechanical devices are temporary, observations highlights the need for comprehensive assessment of the patients, early intervention and structured clinical care pathway. Conclusion: Better data collection and proactive visionary research should be mandatory. DDRQ can be improved further to be useful in clinical practice.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Harkins, Claire. "Who's driving drink policy? : alcohol control and multilevel governance". Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648953.

Texto completo

Resumen

Alcohol is an important economic and cultural commodity. It also represents a significant public health problem. Alcohol is the third greatest risk factor for the global disease burden even though half of the global population abstain. Currently alcohol control strategies are inadequate and unable to combat the health, social and economic problems caused by a legal drug that has become more widely available, more affordable and promoted aggressively. This thesis considers how alcohol control policy is governed, developed and implemented at global, European, UK and Scottish policy levels with specific focus on the role of the alcohol industry in this area. Contemporary modes of governance are increasingly characterised by a multi-agency partnership approach where unelected stakeholders, including corporate partners, contribute to the development and implementation of policy and of action out with policy. The research investigates the role of the alcohol industry within discourses and action in efforts to reduce alcohol related harm. It aims to identify alcohol industry action at global, European, UK and Scottish levels of authority in order to offer an overview of the extent of action and in turn its influence on policy discourses. The research provides an analysis of the alcohol industry as a political operator. The alcohol industry engages with, and in some respects is, a stakeholder active within public health policy circles in relation to alcohol control. This engagement spans science, research, corporate social responsibility, philanthropy, lobbying and direct engagement within official policy circles. The thesis uses the alcohol industry as a case study that highlights a need for research on how influence is wielded by corporate interests within policy circles. There is acknowledgement in various theoretical accounts on governance that changing modes of governance have resulted in the creation of a space for non-state actors within policy circles. However, thereafter, the role of corporate actors is habitually underestimated and even overlooked all together. The argument presented here is that the role of powerful economic interests is rapidly gaining significance as a factor in policy making. This must be explored further in order to ascertain the extent of the influence and the ways in which economic actors exert influence. Methodologically the research examines policy documents, and industry communications as well as adopting an investigative approach to the strategies and agendas of a variety of policy stakeholders. The outcome is a narrative derived from a synthesis of existing sources that explores the area of alcohol control policy which focuses on the involvement of corporate stakeholders with a clear conflict of interest within the process of developing health policy in relation to alcohol. The results indicate that the influence of corporate actors represents a significant and growing threat to the development and implementation of effective evidence based alcohol control policy. Overall the research is intended to make a contribution to academic and public debates on governance and to support public health efforts to reduce alcohol related harm. It attempts to explore the accumulation of corporate action over multiple levels of authority and to describe and evaluate the effects of this accumulative action on public health policy in relation to alcohol.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Fry, Marie-Louise. "Message processing of fear-based anti-drink driving advertisements". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16381/1/Mary-Louise_Fry_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

While overall road deaths in Australia have fallen since the late 1980's and the impact of road-safety advertising appears to be positive, alcohol-related road fatalities remain the leading cause of death among young Australian adults. Fatality and injury rates continue within this cohort despite increases in alcohol-related knowledge, continuing education efforts in the Australian school system, increased funding for police enforcement and high media presence of road safety advertising (Peder et al 2004). Notwithstanding advances in communication technologies, highly graphic, emotional, shock style television advertising remains the primary medium for road safety message dissemination. Rather than targeting those highest at-risk for drink driving, road safety advertisements typically target an undifferentiated general audience. To date understanding the process by which road safety advertising influences attitudes and behaviour has been the centre of fear arousal research. Nonetheless, there has been little examination of how young adults who differ in drink-driving risk-propensity (high versus low) respond to and process anti-drink driving advertisements designed to modify an avoidable behaviour. Taking a receiver oriented approach, the focus of this study examines how young adult, novice drivers who differ in 'need-for-sensation' (NFS) risk propensity respond to, and process, anti-drink driving advertisements that differ in arousal capacity (i.e. high, low sensation-value). The investigation was conducted in two stages: Study 1 (qualitative) and Study II (quantitative). Study I, the qualitative phase, explored by focus group interviews attitudes, perceptions, beliefs and experiences of sixty young adults aged 18 to 25 years towards alcohol consumption, drink-driving, and anti-drink driving advertising. The major qualitative finding is that young adults characterise drink-driving as a rational, deliberate, planned and accepted behaviour. Young adults were aware of the choices available for not drinking and driving and were aware of the health, social and physical (self and property) risks associated with alcohol consumption and associated behaviours. Nonetheless, the short-term personal experiences of revelry and group cohesion were more pertinent to them on an everyday basis. Alcohol consumption and drink-driving behaviour did not appear to differ between university and nonuniversity students or gender, yet there were differences in attitudes and behaviour across the degree studied within the university cohort. Study II, the quantitative phase, was segmented into three sections. First, the study provides empirical support for NFS as a relevant a priori individual differences segmentation variable for differentiating between those more likely, versus less likely, to engage in responsible drink-driving behaviour. As expected low NFS individuals were more likely to not drink and drive. Second, findings support an interaction effect between an advertisement's sensation value and individual differences variable, NFS, on response outcomes. High NFS individuals engaged in higher levels of adaptive appraisal on the high sensation-value advertisement condition as compared to the low sensationvalue advertisement condition. Low NFS individuals did not discriminate across either advertisement condition. Adaptive appraisal was not counteracted by a corresponding increase in maladaptive appraisal. Both high and low NFS individuals viewed the high sensation-value advertisement condition with high levels of perceived threat and viewed the low sensation-value advertisement with higher levels of perceived efficacy. Yet, although high NFS individuals viewed the high sensation-value advertisement with high levels of threat they simultaneously viewed this advertisement with low levels of perceived efficacy. Third, NFS was not found to be a strong predictor moderating the relationship between message processing (cognitive, sensory, narrative) and response outcomes. The findings indicate strong support for a direct relationship between two modes of message processing: cognitive and narrative processing and response outcomes. Message recipients processed anti-drink driving advertisements via two routes to persuasion. There was stronger cognitive processing evident on advertisements possessing high arousal capacity, whereas stronger narrative processing was evident on low arousal capacity advertisements. This study suggests that those advertisements that possess high arousal capacity have the capability of facilitating attention to the central argument, the consequences of drinking and driving, as well as how drinking and driving may affect the message recipients' life. Alternatively, those messages that impart high levels of rational information have the capability of increasing attention to the peripheral cues in the message. It is also suggested that different styles of message processing, central versus peripheral, act in a synergistic way to influence response outcomes which indicates that there is no single route to persuasion. Individuals process messages in a complex manner attending to various signals in order to evaluate various components of the message. For road safety practitioners and social marketers the results of this study illustrates practical benefits for the design of anti-drink driving advertisements based on the segmentation variable NFS. The finding that high NFS individuals require advertisements that possess high levels of arousal capacity (i.e.: high in sensation-value) is an important development. Importantly, low NFS individuals do not discriminate in accepting the recommendations of advertisements that differ in arousal capacity clearly suggests that they accept messages regardless of their arousal capacity. This finding indicates that the goal of road traffic authorities, advertising agencies and social marketers should be directed towards targeting high NFS individuals who are more atrisk for a drink-drive fatality. That message recipients process anti-drink driving messages via two routes to persuasion indicates that message designers need to consider the mix between the sensation-value of the message and consideration of the way message recipients' process the message, i.e. via central/systematic versus peripheral/heuristic components of the advertisement. Further investigation into the dual processing of anti-drink driving advertisements once individuals are exposed to the message is warranted to further understand the psychological processes influencing message processing. The findings of this research have important implications for both practitioners and academics. This research has provided an insight into the complexity of young adult's response outcomes and message processing of fear-based anti-drink driving messages.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Fry, Marie-Louise. "Message processing of fear-based anti-drink driving advertisements". Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16381/.

Texto completo

Resumen

While overall road deaths in Australia have fallen since the late 1980's and the impact of road-safety advertising appears to be positive, alcohol-related road fatalities remain the leading cause of death among young Australian adults. Fatality and injury rates continue within this cohort despite increases in alcohol-related knowledge, continuing education efforts in the Australian school system, increased funding for police enforcement and high media presence of road safety advertising (Peder et al 2004). Notwithstanding advances in communication technologies, highly graphic, emotional, shock style television advertising remains the primary medium for road safety message dissemination. Rather than targeting those highest at-risk for drink driving, road safety advertisements typically target an undifferentiated general audience. To date understanding the process by which road safety advertising influences attitudes and behaviour has been the centre of fear arousal research. Nonetheless, there has been little examination of how young adults who differ in drink-driving risk-propensity (high versus low) respond to and process anti-drink driving advertisements designed to modify an avoidable behaviour. Taking a receiver oriented approach, the focus of this study examines how young adult, novice drivers who differ in 'need-for-sensation' (NFS) risk propensity respond to, and process, anti-drink driving advertisements that differ in arousal capacity (i.e. high, low sensation-value). The investigation was conducted in two stages: Study 1 (qualitative) and Study II (quantitative). Study I, the qualitative phase, explored by focus group interviews attitudes, perceptions, beliefs and experiences of sixty young adults aged 18 to 25 years towards alcohol consumption, drink-driving, and anti-drink driving advertising. The major qualitative finding is that young adults characterise drink-driving as a rational, deliberate, planned and accepted behaviour. Young adults were aware of the choices available for not drinking and driving and were aware of the health, social and physical (self and property) risks associated with alcohol consumption and associated behaviours. Nonetheless, the short-term personal experiences of revelry and group cohesion were more pertinent to them on an everyday basis. Alcohol consumption and drink-driving behaviour did not appear to differ between university and nonuniversity students or gender, yet there were differences in attitudes and behaviour across the degree studied within the university cohort. Study II, the quantitative phase, was segmented into three sections. First, the study provides empirical support for NFS as a relevant a priori individual differences segmentation variable for differentiating between those more likely, versus less likely, to engage in responsible drink-driving behaviour. As expected low NFS individuals were more likely to not drink and drive. Second, findings support an interaction effect between an advertisement's sensation value and individual differences variable, NFS, on response outcomes. High NFS individuals engaged in higher levels of adaptive appraisal on the high sensation-value advertisement condition as compared to the low sensationvalue advertisement condition. Low NFS individuals did not discriminate across either advertisement condition. Adaptive appraisal was not counteracted by a corresponding increase in maladaptive appraisal. Both high and low NFS individuals viewed the high sensation-value advertisement condition with high levels of perceived threat and viewed the low sensation-value advertisement with higher levels of perceived efficacy. Yet, although high NFS individuals viewed the high sensation-value advertisement with high levels of threat they simultaneously viewed this advertisement with low levels of perceived efficacy. Third, NFS was not found to be a strong predictor moderating the relationship between message processing (cognitive, sensory, narrative) and response outcomes. The findings indicate strong support for a direct relationship between two modes of message processing: cognitive and narrative processing and response outcomes. Message recipients processed anti-drink driving advertisements via two routes to persuasion. There was stronger cognitive processing evident on advertisements possessing high arousal capacity, whereas stronger narrative processing was evident on low arousal capacity advertisements. This study suggests that those advertisements that possess high arousal capacity have the capability of facilitating attention to the central argument, the consequences of drinking and driving, as well as how drinking and driving may affect the message recipients' life. Alternatively, those messages that impart high levels of rational information have the capability of increasing attention to the peripheral cues in the message. It is also suggested that different styles of message processing, central versus peripheral, act in a synergistic way to influence response outcomes which indicates that there is no single route to persuasion. Individuals process messages in a complex manner attending to various signals in order to evaluate various components of the message. For road safety practitioners and social marketers the results of this study illustrates practical benefits for the design of anti-drink driving advertisements based on the segmentation variable NFS. The finding that high NFS individuals require advertisements that possess high levels of arousal capacity (i.e.: high in sensation-value) is an important development. Importantly, low NFS individuals do not discriminate in accepting the recommendations of advertisements that differ in arousal capacity clearly suggests that they accept messages regardless of their arousal capacity. This finding indicates that the goal of road traffic authorities, advertising agencies and social marketers should be directed towards targeting high NFS individuals who are more atrisk for a drink-drive fatality. That message recipients process anti-drink driving messages via two routes to persuasion indicates that message designers need to consider the mix between the sensation-value of the message and consideration of the way message recipients' process the message, i.e. via central/systematic versus peripheral/heuristic components of the advertisement. Further investigation into the dual processing of anti-drink driving advertisements once individuals are exposed to the message is warranted to further understand the psychological processes influencing message processing. The findings of this research have important implications for both practitioners and academics. This research has provided an insight into the complexity of young adult's response outcomes and message processing of fear-based anti-drink driving messages.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Callow, P. M. "The drink- and drug-driving offences and the criminal law paradigm". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5922/.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis reports on research into the offences, under the Road Traffic Act 1988 as amended, of driving, attempting to drive, or being in charge of a vehicle when unfit through drink or drugs, with excess alcohol, or (under provisions to be brought into force) with an excess of a specified drug. The research was primarily literature-based, using legal doctrinal analysis, supplemented by empirical research. The offences are examined in the contexts of four principles said to govern how the criminal law and the law of evidence are framed: the preconditions for strict liability, the presumption of innocence, the privilege against self-incrimination and the principle of legal certainty. The literature and case law are reviewed, and the drink- and drug-driving offences are found to offend all four principles. Uncertainty about the prescribed limit for driving with excess alcohol – by far the most commonly prosecuted of the offences – emerges as the most significant breach. To explore this, the scientific background to the offences is explained, and the literature on what drivers understand the limit to mean is reviewed. An original study on the point is reported, and it is concluded that the drink drive limit, while scientifically precise, is not understood by most drivers. Despite the difficulties of fitting these offences into the traditional paradigm, it is concluded that a way of accommodating them in the legal theory must be found. The possibility of an alternative paradigm is canvassed, perhaps being justified by the success of the drink-drive legislation in reducing death and injury on the roads, and by recognising a special responsibility on drivers, a duty which may have to include foregoing some of the protections afforded by the traditional criminal law paradigm.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Ogeleyinbo, Clement. "A study of drink driving in Lagos : from the perspective of law enforcement officers". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2015. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/18504/.

Texto completo

Resumen

This study describes the 'lived experience' of drink driving in Lagos from the perspective of law enforcement officers. The study explored the reasons why Lagosians/Nigerians drink and drive and focuses on law enforcement officers' perceptions of driving under the influence of alcohol, the challenges they face and how they meet the challenges. The research adopts a phenomenological approach both in terms of its orientation and its design and methods. The participants in the study were all adults: two commercial drivers, two health workers, and nine members of the public took part in semi-structured interviews. Fifteen law enforcement officers took part in focus group discussions and twenty eight law enforcement officers took part in semi-structured interviews; they were all serving male officers. Data collection took place in Lagos state/Nigeria in two phases; in the first phase the data collection took place over a period of two months. In the second phase, the data collection took place over a period of six months and this included compilation of field notes, and participant observation at motor terminuses (parks) and at the stop and search road blocks set up by law enforcement officers throughout Lagos state. A total of 56 digital tape recorded interviews were carried out during the field work. Through the process of hermeneutic interpretation, themes were identified and used to describe perceptions of the phenomenon of driving under the influence of alcohol and the structure of the 'lived experience' of law enforcement officers. The findings illustrate how wider cultural, economic and social factors impact on law enforcement officers` perceptions of their roles and on their ability to carry out their responsibilities effectively. They emphasise the importance of role legitimacy, feelings of role adequacy and the need for role support to establish a strong professional identity within the police forces. The findings also revealed problems arising from the structure of the police force and from the internal uncertainties within the profession regarding roles and responsibilities in relation to driving under the influence of alcohol enforcement. The research raises questions about drink driving policy and highlights the need for a strong enforcement policy and for better deterrent measures to be taken against offenders. It also emphasises the need for educational campaigns about the dangers of driving under the influence of alcohol, and the establishment and enforcement of maximum legally permissible blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels for drivers.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Nguyen, Tam Minh. "Drinking and driving in Vietnam : perceptions and risk". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46083/3/Tam_Minh_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

Road traffic injuries are a major global public health problem but continue to receive inadequate attention. Alcohol influences both risk and consequence of road traffic injury but the scale of the problem is not well understood in many countries. In Vietnam, economic development has brought a substantial increase in the number of registered motorcycles as well as alcohol consumption. Traffic injury is among the leading causes of death in Vietnam but there is little local information regarding alcohol related traffic injuries. The primary goal of this study is to explore the drinking and driving patterns of males and their perceptions towards drink-driving and to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and road traffic injuries. Furthermore, this thesis aims to present the situation analysis for choosing priority actions to reduce drinking and driving in Vietnam. The study is a combination of two cross-sectional surveys and a pilot study. The pilot study, involving 224 traffic injured patients, was conducted to test the tools and the feasibility of approach methods. In the first survey, male patrons (n=464) were randomly selected at seven restaurants. Face-to-face interviews were conducted when patrons just arrived and breath tests were collected when they were about to leave the restaurant. In the second survey, male patients admitted to hospital following a traffic injury (n=480, of which 414 were motorcycle or bicycle riders) were interviewed and their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) measured by breathalyzer. The results show broadly similar patterns of drinking and driving among male patrons and male traffic injured patients with a high frequency of drinking and drink-driving reported among the majority of the two groups. A high proportion of male patrons were leaving restaurants with a BAC over the legal limit. Factors that significantly associate with the number of drinks and BAC were age, hazardous drinking, frequency of drink-driving in the past year, self-estimated number of drinks consumed to drive legally, perceived family’s disapproval of drink-driving, and perceived legal risk and physical risk. The proportion of patrons and patients with BAC above the legal limit of 0.05 were 86.7% and 60.4% respectively, which was much higher than found in previous studies. In addition, both groups had a high prevalence of BAC over 0.15g/100ml (39.7% of patrons and 45.6% patients), a level that can seriously affect driving capacity. Results from the case-crossover analysis for patients indicate a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of traffic injury. The risk of traffic injury increased when alcohol was consumed before driving and there was a more than 13 fold increase when six or more drinks were consumed. Regarding perceptions towards drinking and driving, findings corroborate the low awareness among males in Vietnam, with a majority of respondents holding a low knowledge of safe and legally permissible alcohol use, and a low perceived risk of drinking and driving. The results also indicate a huge gap in prevention skills in terms of planning ahead or using alternative transport to avoid drink-driving and a perception by patrons and patients of a low rate of disapproval of drink-driving from peers and family. Findings in this study have considerable implications for national policy, injury prevention, clinical practice, reporting systems, and for further research. The low rate of compliance with existing laws and a generally low perceived legal risk toward drink-driving in this study call for the strengthening of enforcement along with mass media campaigns and news coverage in order to decrease the widespread perception of impunity and thereby, to reduce the level of drink-driving. In addition, no significant difference was found in this study on risk of traffic injuries between car drivers and motorcycle drivers. The current inconsistency between legal BAC for drivers of motorcycles, compared to cars, thus needs addressing. Furthermore, as drinking was found to be very common, rather than solely targeting drink-driving, it is important to call for a more strategic and comprehensive approach to alcohol policy in Viet Nam. This study also has considerable implications for clinical practice in terms of screening and brief interventions. Our study suggests that the short form of the AUDIT (AUDIT-C) screening tool is appropriate for use in busy emergency departments. The high proportion of traffic injured patients with evidence of alcohol abuse or hazardous drinking suggests that brief interventions by alcohol and drug counselors in emergency departments are a sensible option to addressing this important problem. The significance of this study is in the combination of the systematic collection of breath test and use of case-crossover design to estimate the risk of traffic injuries after alcohol consumption. The results provide convincing evidence to policy makers, health authorities and the media to help raise community awareness and policy advocacy toward the drinkdriving problem in Vietnam. The findings suggest an urgent need for a multi-sectoral approach to curtail drink-driving in Vietnam, especially programs to raise community awareness and effective legal enforcement. Furthermore, serving as a situation analysis, the thesis should inform the formulation of interventions designed to curtail drinking and driving in Vietnam and other developing countries.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Snitow, Samantha y snitow@alumni tufts edu samantha. "Reducing the drink driving road toll: A case study in integrating communication and social policy enforcement". RMIT University. Applied Communication, 2004. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20060307.165115.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis presents a case study of the drink drive initiatives, including marketing communications, legislation and enforcement practices implemented in the state of Victoria (Australia) between 1989-2000. It has been argued that the 51% reduction in road toll was related to these initiatives. In order to explore the veracity of these claims, a holistic case study approach was adopted. In addition to an examination of the communications tactics and extant practices of enforcement agencies, the study involved interviews with two distinct groups: professionals in various fields pertaining to road safety, and members of the general Victorian driving community. The focus of this work was on the advertising and communications campaigns that were run by the Transport Accident Commission from 1989-2000; however the policy and enforcement initiatives were also examined in terms of their potential impact on the lowering of the road toll. Suggestions for the improvement of policy and communication strategies within a social marketing context are made.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Livingstone, Kerrie Anne. "A comparison of the psychological, social, and legal factors contributing to speeding and drink driving behaviour". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48913/1/Kerrie_Livingstone_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

Within Australia, motor vehicle injury is the leading cause of hospital admissions and fatalities. Road crash data reveals that among the factors contributing to crashes in Queensland, speed and alcohol continue to be overrepresented. While alcohol is the number one contributing factor to fatal crashes, speeding also contributes to a high proportion of crashes. Research indicates that risky driving is an important contributor to road crashes. However, it has been debated whether all risky driving behaviours are similar enough to be explained by the same combination of factors. Further, road safety authorities have traditionally relied upon deterrence based countermeasures to reduce the incidence of illegal driving behaviours such as speeding and drink driving. However, more recent research has focussed on social factors to explain illegal driving behaviours. The purpose of this research was to examine and compare the psychological, legal, and social factors contributing to two illegal driving behaviours: exceeding the posted speed limit and driving when over the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for the drivers licence type. Complementary theoretical perspectives were chosen to comprehensively examine these two behaviours including Akers’ social learning theory, Stafford and Warr’s expanded deterrence theory, and personality perspectives encompassing alcohol misuse, sensation seeking, and Type-A behaviour pattern. The program of research consisted of two phases: a preliminary pilot study, and the main quantitative phase. The preliminary pilot study was undertaken to inform the development of the quantitative study and to ensure the clarity of the theoretical constructs operationalised in this research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 Queensland drivers recruited from Queensland Transport Licensing Centres and Queensland University of Technology (QUT). These interviews demonstrated that the majority of participants had engaged in at least one of the behaviours, or knew of someone who had. It was also found among these drivers that the social environment in which both behaviours operated, including family and friends, and the social rewards and punishments associated with the behaviours, are important in their decision making. The main quantitative phase of the research involved a cross-sectional survey of 547 Queensland licensed drivers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between speeding and drink driving and whether there were any similarities or differences in the factors that contribute to a driver’s decision to engage in one or the other. A comparison of the participants self-reported speeding and self-reported drink driving behaviour demonstrated that there was a weak positive association between these two behaviours. Further, participants reported engaging in more frequent speeding at both low (i.e., up to 10 kilometres per hour) and high (i.e., 10 kilometres per hour or more) levels, than engaging in drink driving behaviour. It was noted that those who indicated they drove when they may be over the legal limit for their licence type, more frequently exceeded the posted speed limit by 10 kilometres per hour or more than those who complied with the regulatory limits for drink driving. A series of regression analyses were conducted to investigate the factors that predict self-reported speeding, self-reported drink driving, and the preparedness to engage in both behaviours. In relation to self-reported speeding (n = 465), it was found that among the sociodemographic and person-related factors, younger drivers and those who score high on measures of sensation seeking were more likely to report exceeding the posted speed limit. In addition, among the legal and psychosocial factors it was observed that direct exposure to punishment (i.e., being detected by police), direct punishment avoidance (i.e., engaging in an illegal driving behaviour and not being detected by police), personal definitions (i.e., personal orientation or attitudes toward the behaviour), both the normative and behavioural dimensions of differential association (i.e., refers to both the orientation or attitude of their friends and family, as well as the behaviour of these individuals), and anticipated punishments were significant predictors of self-reported speeding. It was interesting to note that associating with significant others who held unfavourable definitions towards speeding (the normative dimension of differential association) and anticipating punishments from others were both significant predictors of a reduction in self-reported speeding. In relation to self-reported drink driving (n = 462), a logistic regression analysis indicated that there were a number of significant predictors which increased the likelihood of whether participants had driven in the last six months when they thought they may have been over the legal alcohol limit. These included: experiences of direct punishment avoidance; having a family member convicted of drink driving; higher levels of Type-A behaviour pattern; greater alcohol misuse (as measured by the AUDIT); and the normative dimension of differential association (i.e., associating with others who held favourable attitudes to drink driving). A final logistic regression analysis examined the predictors of whether the participants reported engaging in both drink driving and speeding versus those who reported engaging in only speeding (the more common of the two behaviours) (n = 465). It was found that experiences of punishment avoidance for speeding decreased the likelihood of engaging in both speeding and drink driving; whereas in the case of drink driving, direct punishment avoidance increased the likelihood of engaging in both behaviours. It was also noted that holding favourable personal definitions toward speeding and drink driving, as well as higher levels of on Type-A behaviour pattern, and greater alcohol misuse significantly increased the likelihood of engaging in both speeding and drink driving. This research has demonstrated that the compliance with the regulatory limits was much higher for drink driving than it was for speeding. It is acknowledged that while speed limits are a fundamental component of speed management practices in Australia, the countermeasures applied to both speeding and drink driving do not appear to elicit the same level of compliance across the driving population. Further, the findings suggest that while the principles underpinning the current regime of deterrence based countermeasures are sound, current enforcement practices are insufficient to force compliance among the driving population, particularly in the case of speeding. Future research should further examine the degree of overlap between speeding and drink driving behaviour and whether punishment avoidance experiences for a specific illegal driving behaviour serve to undermine the deterrent effect of countermeasures aimed at reducing the incidence of another illegal driving behaviour. Furthermore, future work should seek to understand the factors which predict engaging in speeding and drink driving behaviours at the same time. Speeding has shown itself to be a pervasive and persistent behaviour, hence it would be useful to examine why road safety authorities have been successful in convincing the majority of drivers of the dangers of drink driving, but not those associated with speeding. In conclusion, the challenge for road safety practitioners will be to convince drivers that speeding and drink driving are equally risky behaviours, with the ultimate goal to reduce the prevalence of both behaviours.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Freeman, James Edwin. "Influencing recidivist drink drivers' entrenched behaviours : the self-reported outcomes of three countermeasures". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15927/3/James_Freeman_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

Concern remains regarding the efficacy of drink driving countermeasures to produce lasting change for repeat offenders, as a wide array of countermeasures have been developed that demonstrate varying levels of success in reducing re-offence rates. This thesis proposes that the collection and examination of repeat offenders' self-reported perceptions, experiences and behavioural changes that result from completing court-ordered interventions can provide valuable contributions to the development of effective sentencing strategies. As a result, the program of research implemented a mixed-method design to investigate the self-reported impact of legal sanctions, a drink driving rehabilitation program, and alcohol ignition interlocks on key outcome measures for a group of recidivist drink drivers.----- Study One incorporated a cross-sectional design to examine the deterrent effect of traditional legal sanctions (e.g., fines and licence disqualification periods), non-legal sanctions, alcohol consumption, recent offending behaviour(s), and the actual severity of sanctions on perceptual deterrence and intentions to re-offend. The study involved face-to-face and telephone interviews with 166 repeat offenders. The analysis indicated that participants perceived legal sanctions to be severe, but not entirely certain nor swift.----- In Study One, self-reported recent drink driving behaviours and alcohol consumption levels were identified as predictors of future intentions to drink and drive. The results suggest that habitual behaviours are difficult to change, and heavy alcohol consumption levels increase the probability of re-offending. At a bivariate level, three non-legal sanctions were negatively associated with intentions to re-offend but were not predictors of future intentions to drink and drive in the model. In addition, a relationship was not evident between: (a) the size of the penalties and perceptions of sanction severity or future intentions to drink and drive, and (b) the number of previous convictions and self-reported deterrence. The findings of the study confirm the popular assumption that some repeat offenders are impervious to the threat and application of legal sanctions.----- Study Two examined the stages of change and self-efficacy levels of 132 repeat offenders - who were all involved in Study One - while they completed an 11 week drink driving rehabilitation program. A repeated measures design was implemented to focus on the impact of the intervention on a number of salient program outcomes such as participants' motivations and self-efficacy levels to control and change their drinking and drink driving behaviour(s). Prior to program commencement, the majority of participants were motivated to change their drinking driving, but not their drinking. The sample also reported high self-efficacy levels to control the two behaviours, but did not have high expectations of the effectiveness of the program.----- Upon completion of the program, significant increases were evident in motivations to change drinking and drink driving behaviours, and a large percentage of participants reported a positive appraisal of the effectiveness of the intervention. Program completion also resulted in a reduction in self-reported alcohol consumption levels, yet the majority of the sample continued to consume harmful levels of alcohol. Self-efficacy levels remained high, although a notable finding was that participants reported higher levels of control over their drinking rather than drink driving behaviours. In general, Study Two provided a positive perspective of the capacity of a drink driving rehabilitation program to produce change for a group of repeat offenders.----- Study Two extended a small body of research and examined the effects that mandated program enrolment has on motivations to change, as well as expectations and appraisals of program effectiveness. Contrary to predictions, mandated participants did not report lower levels of motivation to change drinking and drink driving compared to voluntary attendees, but did indicate lower expectations of the effectiveness of the program, as well as being willing to engage in the program. Furthermore upon program completion, mandated participants also reported lower appraisals of the effectiveness of the program, but this factor was not associated with intentions to re-offend or non-program completion. Rather, not successfully completing the program appeared linked with being unwilling to change drinking behaviours.----- Study Three involved a longitudinal case-study design that utilised both quantitative and qualitative data to conduct one of the first examinations of the impact of alcohol ignition interlocks on a group of recidivist drink drivers from a users' perspective. The study investigated 12 participants' self-reported perceptions and experiences of using an interlock and the effect that the device had on key program outcomes such as drinking levels, operational performance, circumvention attempts and general beliefs regarding the effectiveness of the device in comparison to traditional legal sanctions.----- Participants reported positive appraisals regarding the effectiveness of the device as qualitative themes emerged concerning the educational and practical benefits of interlocks. However, closer examination of individual interlock performances revealed each participant had attempted to start their vehicle after consuming alcohol, and a smaller sample of three drivers were regularly attempting to start their vehicle after drinking. The combination and analysis of self-reported and downloaded interlock data revealed four main themes: (a) initial operational difficulties, (b) a general unwillingness to reduce alcohol consumption levels, (c) an unwillingness to acknowledge/recognise that interlock breath violations resulted from drinking, and (d) an overall decline in the frequency of interlock breath violations over the interlock installation period. Similar to Study Two, a notable finding was that half the sample was still consuming harmful levels of alcohol upon program completion.----- Taken together, the results of the program of research highlight that repeat offenders' entrenched behaviours, such as drinking and drink driving, are resistant to change and that multi-modal interventions are required if the drinking and driving sequence is to be broken for this population. The findings have direct implications for the sentencing and management of repeat offenders and the development of countermeasures that attempt to produce long-term behavioural change.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Freeman, James Edwin. "Influencing recidivist drink drivers' entrenched behaviours : the self-reported outcomes of three countermeasures". Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15927/.

Texto completo

Resumen

Concern remains regarding the efficacy of drink driving countermeasures to produce lasting change for repeat offenders, as a wide array of countermeasures have been developed that demonstrate varying levels of success in reducing re-offence rates. This thesis proposes that the collection and examination of repeat offenders' self-reported perceptions, experiences and behavioural changes that result from completing court-ordered interventions can provide valuable contributions to the development of effective sentencing strategies. As a result, the program of research implemented a mixed-method design to investigate the self-reported impact of legal sanctions, a drink driving rehabilitation program, and alcohol ignition interlocks on key outcome measures for a group of recidivist drink drivers.----- Study One incorporated a cross-sectional design to examine the deterrent effect of traditional legal sanctions (e.g., fines and licence disqualification periods), non-legal sanctions, alcohol consumption, recent offending behaviour(s), and the actual severity of sanctions on perceptual deterrence and intentions to re-offend. The study involved face-to-face and telephone interviews with 166 repeat offenders. The analysis indicated that participants perceived legal sanctions to be severe, but not entirely certain nor swift.----- In Study One, self-reported recent drink driving behaviours and alcohol consumption levels were identified as predictors of future intentions to drink and drive. The results suggest that habitual behaviours are difficult to change, and heavy alcohol consumption levels increase the probability of re-offending. At a bivariate level, three non-legal sanctions were negatively associated with intentions to re-offend but were not predictors of future intentions to drink and drive in the model. In addition, a relationship was not evident between: (a) the size of the penalties and perceptions of sanction severity or future intentions to drink and drive, and (b) the number of previous convictions and self-reported deterrence. The findings of the study confirm the popular assumption that some repeat offenders are impervious to the threat and application of legal sanctions.----- Study Two examined the stages of change and self-efficacy levels of 132 repeat offenders - who were all involved in Study One - while they completed an 11 week drink driving rehabilitation program. A repeated measures design was implemented to focus on the impact of the intervention on a number of salient program outcomes such as participants' motivations and self-efficacy levels to control and change their drinking and drink driving behaviour(s). Prior to program commencement, the majority of participants were motivated to change their drinking driving, but not their drinking. The sample also reported high self-efficacy levels to control the two behaviours, but did not have high expectations of the effectiveness of the program.----- Upon completion of the program, significant increases were evident in motivations to change drinking and drink driving behaviours, and a large percentage of participants reported a positive appraisal of the effectiveness of the intervention. Program completion also resulted in a reduction in self-reported alcohol consumption levels, yet the majority of the sample continued to consume harmful levels of alcohol. Self-efficacy levels remained high, although a notable finding was that participants reported higher levels of control over their drinking rather than drink driving behaviours. In general, Study Two provided a positive perspective of the capacity of a drink driving rehabilitation program to produce change for a group of repeat offenders.----- Study Two extended a small body of research and examined the effects that mandated program enrolment has on motivations to change, as well as expectations and appraisals of program effectiveness. Contrary to predictions, mandated participants did not report lower levels of motivation to change drinking and drink driving compared to voluntary attendees, but did indicate lower expectations of the effectiveness of the program, as well as being willing to engage in the program. Furthermore upon program completion, mandated participants also reported lower appraisals of the effectiveness of the program, but this factor was not associated with intentions to re-offend or non-program completion. Rather, not successfully completing the program appeared linked with being unwilling to change drinking behaviours.----- Study Three involved a longitudinal case-study design that utilised both quantitative and qualitative data to conduct one of the first examinations of the impact of alcohol ignition interlocks on a group of recidivist drink drivers from a users' perspective. The study investigated 12 participants' self-reported perceptions and experiences of using an interlock and the effect that the device had on key program outcomes such as drinking levels, operational performance, circumvention attempts and general beliefs regarding the effectiveness of the device in comparison to traditional legal sanctions.----- Participants reported positive appraisals regarding the effectiveness of the device as qualitative themes emerged concerning the educational and practical benefits of interlocks. However, closer examination of individual interlock performances revealed each participant had attempted to start their vehicle after consuming alcohol, and a smaller sample of three drivers were regularly attempting to start their vehicle after drinking. The combination and analysis of self-reported and downloaded interlock data revealed four main themes: (a) initial operational difficulties, (b) a general unwillingness to reduce alcohol consumption levels, (c) an unwillingness to acknowledge/recognise that interlock breath violations resulted from drinking, and (d) an overall decline in the frequency of interlock breath violations over the interlock installation period. Similar to Study Two, a notable finding was that half the sample was still consuming harmful levels of alcohol upon program completion.----- Taken together, the results of the program of research highlight that repeat offenders' entrenched behaviours, such as drinking and drink driving, are resistant to change and that multi-modal interventions are required if the drinking and driving sequence is to be broken for this population. The findings have direct implications for the sentencing and management of repeat offenders and the development of countermeasures that attempt to produce long-term behavioural change.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Hart, Susan. "Organisational barriers and facilitators to the effective operation of Random Breath Testing (RBT) in Queensland". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16451/1/Susan_Hart_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

Random breath testing (RBT) is one of the most successful drink driving countermeasures employed by police in Australia. Its success over the years has been evidenced by reductions in drink driving behaviour, reductions in alcohol-related crashes and fatal crashes and a corresponding community-wide increase in the disapproval of drink driving. Although a great deal of research has been able to highlight the relationship between increased police enforcement and road safety benefits, little is known about the organisational factors that assist or hinder the management and operation of RBT. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators to the effective operation of RBT in the Queensland Police Service (QPS). Findings will have human resource implications for the QPS and will highlight areas that are currently functioning effectively.----- Study One involved 22 semi-structured interviews with 36 QPS managers involved in the day-to-day organisation and delivery of RBT operations. Managers were recruited with assistance from members of the QPS's State Traffic Support Branch. The interviews were approximately one hour long and involved exploration of the perceptions of managers involved in the planning and delivery of RBT operations using the concept of organisational alignment to structure the interviews. The results revealed that RBT management activity is facilitated by a range of factors, including: the belief in the importance of RBT; belief that the purpose of RBT has both a deterrent function and a detection function; the increasing use of intelligence to guide RBT strategies; the increasing use of RBT to support other crime reduction strategies; and a genuine desire to improve the current state of affairs. However, a number of apparent barriers to the effective operation of RBT were identified. These included concern about the strategy of the 1.1 testing strategy (i.e. conducting the equivalent of one test per licensed driver per annum), a misunderstanding of the role of general and specific deterrence and a lack of feedback in relation to the success of RBT.----- The second study involved a questionnaire that was distributed to a random sample of 950 operational police stratified across the regions who are responsible for undertaking RBT on a regular basis. There were 421 questionnaires returned representing a response rate of 44%. Questionnaires were also based on the concepts and constructs of organisational alignment and explored perceptions, beliefs and self- reported behaviour of officers. The results revealed that facilitating factors included a belief in QPS ownership of the RBT program, the agreement that the RBT vision includes road safety goals and apprehension goals, and overall motivation, support and belief in their capability to carry out RBT duties. Barriers included perceived strain related to the 1:1 testing strategy, the lack of feedback in relation to the success of RBT, misunderstanding about the role of deterrence and lack of rewards for participating in RBT duties.----- The results of both studies have implications for the planning and operation of RBT in the QPS. While the findings revealed that there were many aspects of the RBT program that were currently aligned with best practice guidelines, there are areas of misalignment. In particular, the main areas of misalignment included concern about the strain caused by the current 1:1 testing strategy, a lack of feedback about the success of RBT and a lack of education of the nature and role of deterrence in road safety and RBT operations in particular.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

Hart, Susan. "Organisational barriers and facilitators to the effective operation of Random Breath Testing (RBT) in Queensland". Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16451/.

Texto completo

Resumen

Random breath testing (RBT) is one of the most successful drink driving countermeasures employed by police in Australia. Its success over the years has been evidenced by reductions in drink driving behaviour, reductions in alcohol-related crashes and fatal crashes and a corresponding community-wide increase in the disapproval of drink driving. Although a great deal of research has been able to highlight the relationship between increased police enforcement and road safety benefits, little is known about the organisational factors that assist or hinder the management and operation of RBT. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators to the effective operation of RBT in the Queensland Police Service (QPS). Findings will have human resource implications for the QPS and will highlight areas that are currently functioning effectively.----- Study One involved 22 semi-structured interviews with 36 QPS managers involved in the day-to-day organisation and delivery of RBT operations. Managers were recruited with assistance from members of the QPS's State Traffic Support Branch. The interviews were approximately one hour long and involved exploration of the perceptions of managers involved in the planning and delivery of RBT operations using the concept of organisational alignment to structure the interviews. The results revealed that RBT management activity is facilitated by a range of factors, including: the belief in the importance of RBT; belief that the purpose of RBT has both a deterrent function and a detection function; the increasing use of intelligence to guide RBT strategies; the increasing use of RBT to support other crime reduction strategies; and a genuine desire to improve the current state of affairs. However, a number of apparent barriers to the effective operation of RBT were identified. These included concern about the strategy of the 1.1 testing strategy (i.e. conducting the equivalent of one test per licensed driver per annum), a misunderstanding of the role of general and specific deterrence and a lack of feedback in relation to the success of RBT.----- The second study involved a questionnaire that was distributed to a random sample of 950 operational police stratified across the regions who are responsible for undertaking RBT on a regular basis. There were 421 questionnaires returned representing a response rate of 44%. Questionnaires were also based on the concepts and constructs of organisational alignment and explored perceptions, beliefs and self- reported behaviour of officers. The results revealed that facilitating factors included a belief in QPS ownership of the RBT program, the agreement that the RBT vision includes road safety goals and apprehension goals, and overall motivation, support and belief in their capability to carry out RBT duties. Barriers included perceived strain related to the 1:1 testing strategy, the lack of feedback in relation to the success of RBT, misunderstanding about the role of deterrence and lack of rewards for participating in RBT duties.----- The results of both studies have implications for the planning and operation of RBT in the QPS. While the findings revealed that there were many aspects of the RBT program that were currently aligned with best practice guidelines, there are areas of misalignment. In particular, the main areas of misalignment included concern about the strain caused by the current 1:1 testing strategy, a lack of feedback about the success of RBT and a lack of education of the nature and role of deterrence in road safety and RBT operations in particular.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Vankov, Daniel Lyubomirov. "Smartphone apps and virtual reality as road safety interventions: Examining their real-world effects for young drivers". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/180754/1/Daniel%20Lyubomirov_Vankov_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

Young drivers are early technology adopters. Rapid developments in consumer-oriented technologies (COTs) provide opportunities to encourage safer driving amongst them. Safer driving can potentially reduce road trauma. This thesis focused on using a smartphone safe-driving app and VR software as intervention tools in two separate COTs-based interventions. The undertaken approach closely mimicked their use in real-life conditions. The targeted behaviours were speeding and driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. By evaluating the two interventions, this multidisciplinary research contributed to a better understanding of the effect of using the two examples of COTs outside the laboratory.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Fernandes, Ralston Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "A systematic investigation of relevant predictors, moderations and mediations for intention to speed, drink-drive, drive while fatigued, and not wear a seat belt, amongst young NSW drivers". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42933.

Texto completo

Resumen

Road trauma is recognized as a major public health problem worldwide (particularly for younger drivers), and risky driving has been identified as an important contributor to road crashes. It is often assumed that similar factors influence all risky driving behaviours, although direct and systematic examination of the differences between risky driving behaviours in terms of precipitating factors is lacking. The present thesis sought to undertake a systematic investigation of relevant factors in the prediction of four key risky driving behaviours (speeding, drink-driving, driving while fatigued, and not wearing seat belts). Four versions of a Risky Driving Questionnaire were developed to assess beliefs, personality factors and behavioural intentions, in relation to each of the four behaviours. Four versions of the Implicit Association Test were developed to assess attitudes toward each of the four behaviours, without reliance on self-report (in terms of the relative strength of pairs of associations). Data were collected from a student sample (N=215: Study 1), as well as urban (N=587) and rural (N=422) general population samples (Study 2), and regression models were examined for each of the four behaviours, with interaction terms to assess moderations involving perceived risk. Mediations involving gender were also assessed. Results indicate that different risky driving behaviours are predicted by different factors. For example, in the urban sample, speeding was predicted by driver anger and illusory invulnerability, drink driving was predicted by peer influence, driving while fatigued was predicted by the perceived benefits of not driving while fatigued, and not wearing seat belts was predicted by the (sensation seeking x illusory invulnerability) interaction. Results also suggest that different predictors of risky driving behaviours are relevant for different driver populations. For example, speeding was predicted by authority rebellion in the urban sample, and by sensation seeking in the rural sample. Observed moderations of perceived risk suggest that relationships between perceived risk and risky driving may differ for males versus females, and for low versus high sensation seekers. Findings suggest that future road safety interventions should be based on research of the determinants of individual risky driving behaviours, and in specific driver populations.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Hutchinson, Peter. "Drinking and driving : an exploration of the influence of convicted drink drivers' socially constructed ideas on how they came to offend". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3556/.

Texto completo

Resumen

This study explored with a group of male drink drivers how the social constructions they held about themselves as drinkers, drivers or drinking drivers and the personal rules they developed to avoid offending contributed to or hindered their offending. Fifty male convicted drink drive offenders, who had attended a rehabilitation course, subsequently were interviewed on the basis of self-recorded drinking of at least 40+ units of alcohol per week. This study seeks to understand the sense people made of the events leading to their offending. The study did not confirm assumptions that drink drive offenders were all heavy consumers of alcohol, problem drinkers, persistent offenders or drivers who regularly drove when drunk. The majority claimed they had not wanted to offend and that they had actively developed personal rules to avoid drinking above the limit and then driving. The factors that led to the breakdown of these rules were explored. This raised questions about the intentions, expectancies and social constructions that constituted these drivers' desire not to offend. The study tried to discern such social constructions and the part they played in bringing about the offence. The study has shown that the person's understanding of his drinking patterns and styles is critical to not offending, as are some constructions that commonly define 'drinking' and 'driving'. In the absence of accurate information about alcohol or the law, people relied on these social constructions, but limited by their personal feelings. There were too many inaccurate factors in their constructions, understandings and behaviour to avoid offending. Public policy, as one shaper of social constructions, is discussed and some findings for future policy suggested.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Damsere, Derry James. "The prevalence of alcohol use among road users and its impact on traffic crash severity in Ghana". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/112415/1/James_Damsere%20Derry_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

This thesis is a compendium of research from roadside, drinking bars, hospitals and police accident records in Ghana. The thesis investigated the natural prevalence of alcohol use among road users at these settings and the potential crash risk associated with this behavior. The research established that the prevalence of driving or operating a vehicle with elevated BAC above the legal limit was high. This was however underreported by the police. This research underscores the need for enhanced enforcement of the drink-driving law, and education of road users on responsible alcohol consumption among road users to improve upon road safety in Ghana.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Fitts, Michelle Susannah. "An investigation into drink driving among aboriginal and Torres strait islander peoples in regional and remote Queensland and the development of the 'Hero to Healing' program". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/89760/1/Michelle_Fitts_Thesis.pdf.

Texto completo

Resumen

This program of research investigated the factors facilitating drink driving in Indigenous communities in Far North Queensland. Drink driving-related road crashes are a significant health burden for Indigenous people, as they die in road crashes at three times the rate of other Australians and are 30% more likely to be seriously injured. This research provided information to develop and pilot a culturally-specific program, 'Hero to Healing'. The main motivation to drink drive was related to 'kinship pressure; where drivers were pressured by family members to drive after drinking. The underlying responsibility for transporting family members was related to cultural values and involved responding to family needs as a priority. Exposure to older family members drink driving was considered to play a role in normalising the behaviour, leading to imitation into adulthood. The research highlighted the need to treat drink driving as a community issue, rather than an individual phenomenon.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Strebel, Dale Joseph. "Student perceptions of group dynamics course effectiveness". Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001strebeld.pdf.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Ruff, Kristen Michele. "Judicial Discretion on Drunk Driving in Ohio". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1199919199.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Christiansen, Thomas J. (Thomas James). "Planning strategies as predictors of DWI recidivism for problem and non-problem drinkers". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332485/.

Texto completo

Resumen

This study investigates the relationships between planning strategies on how to avoid future DWI arrest and actual DWI recidivism for a group of problem and non-problem drinkers. A sample of 75 individuals who were arrested for DWI and completed a DWI training program in 1987 was gathered.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Brown, Katherine A. "A national study of the association between mothers against drunk driving and drunk-driving laws, driving-under-the-influence arrests and alcohol-related traffic fatalities". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1304090143.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Brown, Katherine Ann. "A national study of the association between Mothers Against Drunk Driving and drunk-driving laws, driving-under-the-influence arrests and alcohol-related traffic fatalities /". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486461246814652.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Weinrath, Michael. "Explanations of drunk driving recidivism, an exploratory analysis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23089.pdf.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Aavik, Julie Jensen. "Drunk - Driving, Relapse Pattern and Risky Driving Behavior Among Participants in a DWI Prevention Programme". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11705.

Texto completo

Resumen

The overall aim of the study was to examine relapse among participants in the DWI Prevention Programme and those who get prison sentence after driving when influenced by alcohol and to examine the participants’ attitudes towards drunk – driving, risk behavior and traffic safety. A direct evaluation of the sentence and penal accomplishment is also examined. The sample of the survey study (see article 1) was 44 from the DWI – sample and 44 from the prison – sample that completed a questionnaire answering about their attitudes towards drunk – driving, risk behavior and traffic safety. The results presented in article 2 are based on transcripts of criminal convicts that participated in the DWI Prevention Programme during the period of 1998 – 2002 in the Salten District ( n = 68) and a sample of convicts to an unconditional sentence for drunk - driving in the same time periode (n = 112). The 1st analysis revealed that the DWI – sample had more ideal attitudes towards drunk – driving, risk behavior and traffic safety. There were also significant differences in how they evaluated their sentence and penal accomplishment. The DWI - sample were generally more satisfied with the penal accomplishment, the way they was treated and how the relationships around them were. They were also more satisfied with the contents of the penal accomplishment. Multivariate analysis, Kaplan – Meier and Cox regression was used in the 2nd analysis calculating if there were significant differences between the samples, survival time and to investigate effects of several variables upon the time a specified event takes to happen. In this study the relapse time was shorter for men than for women and the youngest age – groups had a shorter relapse time than the oldest age – groups. The Kaplan – Meier plot revealed that the prison – group have a shorter relapse time compared to the DWI – group. Based on the results of the two articles we can conclude that the DWI Prevention Programme had a very good effect on the participants compared to those who get traditional prison – sentence. The participants in the programme had the most ideal attitudes and the longest survival time after participating. When it comes to survival time among gender and age, women and the older age – groups had the longest survival time.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Russ, Nason Wayne. "Evaluation of a server intervention program for preventing drunk driving". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76494.

Texto completo

Resumen

As part of the national effort to reduce drunk driving, servers of alcohol are being held liable for their alcohol-serving behavior with increasing frequency. In response to these drunk driving prevention efforts, the Training for Intervention' Procedures by Servers of Alcohol (TIPS) program was developed to teach servers skills thought necessary for acceptable standards of practice for serving alcoholic beverages. The current study evaluated the potential of this program to aid in decreasing alcoholimpaired driving. Subjects were 17 waiters, waitresses, and bartenders who were employed at two bars. After the baseline period, the servers completed successfully the 6-hour TIPS training course. Research assistants posing as regular patrons (i.e., 'pseudopatrons') visited two target bars throughout the course of the study. These pseudopatrons set the occasion for server intervention to occur by attempting to drink six alcoholic beverages in two hours. Naturalistic data were collected by having a partner with a hidden microphone record all interactions between the server and pseudopatron. The partner also noted any signs of intoxication exhibited by the pseudopatron. The results revealed that servers who had received TIPS training initiated more interventions than untrained personnel. Moreover, pseudopatrons served by TIPS trained personnel had significantly lower blood-alcohol levels and exhibited fewer signs of intoxication than those served by untrained servers. These results suggest that, if implemented on a large scale, the TIPS program has the potential to reduce drunk driving by helping to decrease the exit blood-alcohol levels of bar patrons. The need to investigate the maintenance of server intervention behavior is discussed and other suggestions for future research are presented.
Ph. D.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Malek-Ahmadi, John Faupel Charles E. "Legal status of alcohol, population density, and the incidence of DUI arrests in Alabama". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Sociology/Thesis/Malek-Ahmadi_John_24.pdf.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Crawford, Roy B. "The relationship of biorhythms to driving while impaired with alcohol or other drugs". The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236261061.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Smetters, Harriet L. "Factor analyses of the Alcadd Test and the Manson Evaluation for DUI drivers /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487267546983199.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Fatayer, Jawad A. "Factors Related to the Perceived Effectiveness of the Adult Probation DWI Program From the Probationers' Perspective". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332507/.

Texto completo

Resumen

Using questionnaire survey generated data from the DWI Probation Program in Dallas County. This study investigated the factors related to the perceived effectiveness of that program from the probationers perspectives. The findings in this study indicate that the perceived effectiveness of the DWI program by the probationers is an area that calls for more research and investigations. The findings have shown that factors related to the perceived effectiveness of the program by the probationers have a profound effect on the efficiency of the program as a whole in order to achieve its stated objectives.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Smith, Richard Milton. "Jury trials in misdemeanor cases of driving under the influence of alcohol a public policy consideration /". abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2002. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1414403.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

O'Neil, Stephanie Jade. "Exploring industry driven marketing influences on young people who drink alcohol". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1897.

Texto completo

Resumen

Background: While the overall proportion of young people who report drinking alcohol in the UK appears to have decreased over the past fifteen years, those who do drink are consuming in larger quantities, and drinking more frequently. An association between industry-driven alcohol marketing and young people’s drinking behaviour has been demonstrated in a number of cross-sectional, longitudinal and qualitative studies, but less is known about how young people are affected by alcohol marketing and how marketing processes knit with other widely studied influences on young people’s drinking behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the influence of industrydriven alcohol marketing processes (price, promotion, product branding and placing) on young people’s drinking choices and behaviour. Methods: A mixed-methods approach underpinned by a critical realist perspective was adopted. A systematic review examined empirical studies concerning the impact of industry-driven price and other marketing techniques on young people’s drinking behaviour. Qualitative interviews were conducted with young people aged 14-17 from NE England (n=31) to explore accounts of when, why, where and how they drink alcohol. Q methodology was used to derive ‘factors’ underlying alcohol choices, based on the results of a card sorting procedure undertaken with young people aged 14-17 from NE England (n=28). Findings: The systematic review identified 32 papers which were predominantly crosssectional in design, and focused on the impact of alcohol promotion on young people’s alcohol use. Although industry-driven alcohol marketing appeared to influence young people’s drinking behaviour, studies reported on a variety of populations, study designs, exposure measures and outcome measures, making synthesis and extrapolation difficult, as well as underlining a shortage of longitudinal work establishing the effect of alcohol marketing over time. The review highlighted a paucity of studies conducted in the UK as well as a lack of research examining the influence of price for those under the legal drinking age only and exploring the impact of digital or social media marketing on young people’s drinking behaviour. Young people interviewed in the qualitative study appeared to make micro-level choices about alcohol (between products and brands), positioning themselves as autonomous agents and unaffected by overt forms of alcohol marketing. However, the majority of participants were able to recount brands and slogans, did not recognise less visible aspects of promotion (e.g. sponsorship, viral and digital marketing) and did not associate the pricing of alcohol as a form of marketing. Therefore, advertising and other promotional activity seemed to play a role in building recognisable imagery linked to alcohol products, as well as associations and expectancies related to drinking. The advisability of drinking per se did not appear to have been questioned by participants and was considered an acceptable and normal practice. Participants reported that they were not exclusively price-led and choices were made in conjunction with other criteria (e.g. taste, availability, strength and image). Q factor analysis revealed three accounts: Factor one illustrates a sense of individuality, autonomy, and maturity in alcohol choices; factor two is price-led, choosing to drink whatever is most accessible, cheapest or on special offer; and factor three is an account of bounded adventure, pleasure and hedonism. Conclusions: Bourdieu’s concept of ‘habitus’ is drawn on to illustrate that young people’s alcohol choices are influenced by structural predispositions (including industry processes and alcohol marketing) but that ‘taste’, social norms and interpersonal relationships (recognised as agency) can also play a role in reinforcing, normalising and driving behaviour. Deeply embedded social norms and industry processes culminate in ‘political economies of health’ where health behaviours are governed by historical traditions and the logic of advanced capitalism (the need to make a profit), and choices constrained into seemingly free, naturalised directions. Thus, a description of young people as individual, rational agents, who can make the ‘correct’ choices about alcohol use, minimises structural and cultural factors that are, in part, shaped by the alcohol industry in conjunction with other influences such as inter-personal relationships and social norms, and which constrain health choices and behaviours of young people. Public Responsibility Deals and voluntary self-regulation of alcohol marketing may be inadequate to counter this. Instead, it needs to be identified that young people are being subtly bombarded and further work is required to ‘unravel’ this impact. Nevertheless, tighter restrictions on the marketing of alcohol, such as a policy resembling France’s Loi Evin should be given consideration. The current alcohol strategy for England and Wales includes a commitment to implementing an alcohol minimum unit price. However, findings from this doctoral work demonstrate that it is difficult to disentangle the four elements of the marketing mix. Price encompasses just one facet of alcohol marketing and makes up only a small part of the external world in which young people are becoming acculturated. The effect that price changes alone could have on young people’s alcohol use should not be overemphasised. Thus, as well as examining the impact of price on young people’s drinking behaviour pre and post legislative change, further work should also explore the changing nature of industry-driven alcohol marketing processes. In particular, the influence of digital and social media marketing on young people’s drinking behaviour needs to be examined further, as well as the combined contribution that alcohol marketing, long-standing social norms and inter-personal relationships (‘the alcohol habitus’) all can make towards a ubiquitous culture of alcohol consumption.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Loudermilk, Elaine, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Megan A. Quinn, Shimin Zheng y Oluyemi Rotimi. "Association of Childhood Sexual Abuse Experience and Drunk Driving in US Adults". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/123.

Texto completo

Resumen

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) lead to high risk behaviors in adults. In 2015, an estimated 700,000 children reported abuse; 8.4% reported experiencing sexual abuse. In 2014, nearly 10,000 people died from alcohol-related motor vehicle injuries, and >1.1 million were arrested for driving under alcohol or narcotic influence. Studies have reported the role of ACEs in alcohol consumption among adults. However, the association between adult drunk driving (DD) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has not been investigated. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the association between CSA and DD in US adults. Methods: Data were obtained from 4,374,390 adults who participated in the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Participants’ self-reported responses were used to define past experience for DD (no/yes) and CSA (no/yes). Covariates included age, sex, race, income, education, marital status and parental substance abuse. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative odds of DD among victims of CSA adjusting for covariates. Results: Approximately 3.6% of adults reported DD, and 11.1% adults experienced CSA. Compared to adults who didn’t experience CSA, those who experienced CSA were significantly associated with increased odds of DD behavior (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.27-2.20). Compared to females, males who experienced child sexual abuse were 2.88 times more likely to DD (aOR: 2.88, 95% CI: 2.32-3.59). Conclusion: CSA is significantly associated with DD behavior in adults. Higher estimates of the relationship were identified in males. Future studies, such as prospective cohort studies, are imperative for further evaluation. These findings aided in identifying adults with CSA experience to target and minimize their DD behavior, thus preventing alcohol-related injuries. Public Health Implications: Adults who experienced CSA were associated with increased odds of DD behavior. A multifaceted approach involving several stakeholders at all levels of governance is needed to address this issue. Appropriate public health interventions and/or policies should be developed to prevent sexual abuses during childhood. Health education and promotional campaigns are vital to minimize drunk driving cases by targeting communities and individuals with high risk behaviors.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Lin, I.-Chen y 林宜臻. "The Empirical Study for Characteristics of Drink Driving Crime and Its Influential Factor". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x9gg3p.

Texto completo

Resumen

碩士
中央警察大學
犯罪防治研究所
104
Drink driving issue has been noted by general public. Even though the penalty has become severe and the police reinforce their effort to detect the drink drivers, the drink driving behaviors have been still out of control. In addition to influencing the safety for other road users, the recidivism for drink driving has been a serious problem; moreover, it causes the crowded situation in prisons. The present study aims at understanding the characteristics of drink driving (DD) crime and its influential factors to find effective preventive strategies. The author collects related research published in recent years. Based upon the criminological theories, including general theory of crime, informal social control theory and social learn theory, the study selects the proper variables to conduct a survey, exploring the influential factors for DD issue. To understand the characteristics of DD crime and its influential factors, the study selects the inmates who are incarcerated due to violating the article 185-3 of criminal code – driving under the influence (DUI). The pre-test was performed in December, 2015. After the pre-test, the questionnaire was modified. The selected correctional institutions should be housed more than 100 male and female inmates, separately. A total of 808 male samples and 105 female samples are investigated. The effective male sample is 770 persons (effective rate 95.3%) while the effective female sample is 100 persons. Hence, the total effective sample is 870 persons. Through objective statistical analysis, the study hopes to understand the distribution of drinking situation and characteristics for DD crime, as well as the key factors to impact the DD crime. The results of study include: (1) in terms of the DD inmates: male commit most of DD crime; the education is under the high school; as for the marriage, the unmarried or unstable married accounts for higher proportion; the socioeconomic status (SEC) tends to be the lower SEC; (2) with respect to the drinking situation: most situations are peer gatherings, 3-4 persons drink together; (3) regarding to the characteristics for DD crime: most of inmate ride motorcycles, breath alcohol content (BAC) is under 0.55 mg/l, and most of them are detected without causing accident; (4) the characteristics for individual and family would indirect affect the times they are detected for drink driving, the higher deviant their families are, the lower their self-control, the more times they are detected for DD crime; (7) Regarding to DD inmates’ lifestyle, most of them are fun type, that increases the chance to access alcohol, the higher possibility that their peer have deviant behaviors, through contacting their friends and learning, dinking value of drink drivers is more distorted, and they do not reject the invitation for drinking; (8) the number of drinkers, alcohol addiction and drinking value have correlation; single drinkers have more serious alcohol addiction, their drinking value is more distorted; (9) times of detected for drink driving directly influence variables, including alcoholism tendency, reaction in drinking occasions, and history of criminal and delinquent experiences; other variables have indirect effect on DD crime. Those analyses support the criminological theories that the study employs to explain the DD crime. In conclusion, the study provides some suggestions based upon study findings for developing policy, and are reference for practical authorities and future research. Suggestions provided include: (1) the owners for social venues that serve the alcohol should do everything they can to reduce the drink driving; (2) implementing ban on underage drinking; (3) reinforcing propaganda the concept of risk for drink driving; (4) ameliorating the drinking atmosphere in construction sites; (5) providing proper medical service for alcohol addicts; (6) drinkers should live with healthy lifestyle instead of drinking for fun; (7) noticing the parenting in family and implementing the family function to reduce the development of low self-control; (8) Selecting friends scrupulously to prevent negative influence from deviant peers. In addition to the above-mentioned, under enough man power and finance, the future research can (1) expand the investigative scope and add the contrast groups, and (2) employ qualitative interview to conduct a more plural and comprehensive study.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Inkpen, Nova Arabella. "Reintegrative shaming through collective conscience building : the intended and unintended consequences of drink driving diversionary conferences for offenders and their supporters". Phd thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147881.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

SIRAPRAPOJ, CHUTISA y 柯妙妙. "Explore The Driving Factors of Consumption Behavior in The Juice Market of Bangkok - Take Freshly Squeezed and Ready-to-drink Juice as Examples". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3z2jyd.

Texto completo

Resumen

碩士
逢甲大學
國際經營管理碩士學位學程
106
This study examined consumer perceptions and compared the important quality factors between 100% freshly squeezed juice and 100% ready-to-drink juice as well as explore the important factors which has an influence on consumer consumption behaviors in drinking frequency, spending money, purchasing amount of 100% freshly squeezed juice and 100% ready-to-drink juice in Bangkok. The survey was conducted online via Google Form with a sample size of 488 respondents; 271 respondents from 100% freshly squeezed juice and 217 respondents from 100% ready-to-drink juice. According to the result; consumers perceived that safety is the most crucial factor for both types of 100% juices. The independent t-test showed that consumers purchase 100% freshly squeezed juice put more emphasis on health, value for price and visual appeal factors than purchase 100% ready-to-drink juice. Six quality factors were analyzed using importance-performance analysis (IPA). Safety and sensory of both types of 100%juices and health factor of 100% freshly squeezed juice, were perceived as important and well-performed, were positioned in the “Keep up the good work.” Visual appeal of both types of 100% juices, accessibility of 100% freshly squeezed as well as health and value for price factors of 100% ready-to-drink juice, perceived as less important and not well performed were position in “Low priority”. While 100% freshly squeezed juice consumers perceived value for price important but not well performed, was placed in the “Concentrate here”. Moreover, accessibility of 100% ready-to-drink juice consumers was position in “Possible overkill”, perceived as less important but well performed. Consumers believed that health is the most important factor which affects spending money, drinking frequency and purchase amount in 100% freshly squeezed juice while, value for price factor impact only spending money to purchase 100%freshly squeezed juice. Furthermore, accessibility and visual appeal factors, consumers perceived performance impact to the amount of purchase and money spending to buy 100% freshly squeezed juice, respectively, However, health factor of 100% ready-to-drink juice impact to drinking frequency.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

賴建全. "Premium Increases on Drunk Driving of Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance and Drunk Driving Behavior". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86738783619047403205.

Texto completo

Resumen

碩士
逢甲大學
金融碩士在職專班
104
This thesis studies how the premium increase on drunk driving of the compulsory automobile liability insurance affects the behavior of drunk driving. The premium increase starts in July, 2014. Based on each administration areas of Taiwan, the monthly data of the victims of drunk driving from July of 2013 to December of 2014 is used for the analysis. The hypothesis of no increase on average victims per month is tested. The results indicate there are no significant increases in major and/or most areas. Due to the heavy penality of criminal and administration charge of drunk driving just implemented before July, 2013, there is a big drop of drunk driving. Thus, the relatively small premium increase has almost no impact on drunken driving behavior. Keywords: Compulsory automobile liability insurance, Drunk driving behavior, Test of hypothesis

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Yonkoski, Jennifer L. "Driving drunk examining the effects of deterrence and self-control on intention to commit future DUI /". 2005. http://etd.nd.edu.lib-proxy.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04042005-111528/.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Fang-yan-gi y 方彥吉. "The Investigation on the Factors Influencing Soldiers’ Drunk Driving and Improving Strategies to Prevent Drunk Driving". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12532734175771745506.

Texto completo

Resumen

碩士
中華大學
科技管理學系碩士班
98
Hundreds of tragedies had taken place among families because of drink and drive every year. In-service soldiers caused drunk driving accidents, exposed by the media, severely damage the strength of army. It is obvious that the seriousness and necessity of investigating on the drunk driving in the military. In order to prevent the accidents from happening, as well to uphold the figure of military, the research took drunk driving soldiers from 2007-2009 as subjects, discussing the relevant risk factors. The framework of the research included social-control theory, self-control theory, routine activity theory, new opportunity theory, rational choice theory and opportunity cost theory. By using these theories, we analyzed how a person, relationship and organization effect the tendency of drunk driving behavior. The result showed that people who have drinking habit while who is less self-control to drinking have higher tendency to drink and drive. Soldiers’ mental aspects and relationship among colleagues and superiors are related to drunk driving behavior. In addition, the professional consular provided by the army and the familiar degree between family members and military superiors are also relevant to the tendency of drunk driving. If the soldier belongs to the “low self-control” individual, who is also lack of “social control”, after drinking he may not choose the “opportunity cost” rationally. According to the research, the study provides suggestion as follows: First, at the aspects of military, the military superior should limit the soldiers who have high tendency of drunk driving, improve facilities of living, strengthen leadership while offer more care ness, increase the profession degree of consular construct the connection between soldiers’ family members and military superior. Second, at the aspects of soldiers independent, one should strictly obey the restriction of drunk driving, lower the frequenciy of drinking, get away from the Taiwanese drinking culture, learn the ability of self control and construct the safety concepts. Last but not the least, at the aspects of soldiers’ family members, they should concern more about their every day lives and participate activities hold by the military much more often.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Basford, Sara M. "Recidivism among DUI/DWI probationers /". 2009. http://149.152.10.1/record=b3071221~S16.

Texto completo

Resumen

Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.
Thesis advisor: Stephen M. Cox. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-36). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Shiu, Tian-Yu y 許天瑜. "Visual Analysis of Hualien Drunk Driving Accident". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ufg4js.

Texto completo

Resumen

碩士
國立東華大學
管理學院高階經營管理碩士在職專班
105
"Drunk driving" is a kind of easy to get out of control, run the red light ,high speed behavior caused accident ,people will be charged with the results , which is absolutely inconsistent with the principles of social equity and justice , in addition to the police should be enforce in law , but also need the power of the community by public prevention , in order to avoid people which ignore the law driving under and even destroy family. Although Ministry of transporation and communication(MOTC) and Nation Police Agency, Ministry of the interior will be push reduce drunk driving in recent years , but drunk driving accident still happened ,so we have to analysis drunk driving accident factor. Data visualization is a way to escape the traditional statistical framework to provide data becomes visual table for data features. In this study, drunken driving for research purposes . This study explores the interactive data visualization of drunk driving accident data. The research provide government with a view to developing strategies for prevention of drunk driving accidents or other administrative references. The method is Tableau and ArcGIS. The research source is drunk driving data in the Hualien. Study period 2013-2015 years, data include weather, drivers and roads factors.The research have two directions. First:the data generate statistical charts, symbol maps, interactive visual dashboard, and visualized film by Tableau. Second: the data generate Geographic systems, hot spot analysis and count density. The research have five result: First: replace the government with lengthy forms, combine more chart and release in Tableau Public. Second: replay time is used. Third: from the symbol map comparison before and after the street map and road factors, to analyze whether the occurrence of traffic accidents. Fourth: For the whole time and traffic for the overall analysis. Fifth: it is complete analysis by hot spots and count density. The research value is data visualization could replace tradition chart to analyze drunk driving. Final, create traffic accident new prevention and provide the future to enhance traffic safety.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

羅士泰. "A Game of drunk driving incident analysis". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36175055886389660464.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Huang, Shun-Rong y 黃舜榕. "Policy on Legal Punishment toword Drunk Driving". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00756980522537442690.

Texto completo

Resumen

碩士
國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班
91
In view of the public opinion on traffic that has become the public issue., especially which has concentrated on “ traffic offence caused by drunk driving” during recent years, “Traffic offence due to driving under the influence of alcohol” had been brought into criminal code since April 1999 as the crime against public safety. The provisions on road and traffic management punishment have been amended 11 times since 1968, of which also has been legislated to adopt weighting down with punishment gradually, where the punishment has been raised to 12 times during the recent 5 years, whether such punishment is proper or not, which is the focus in this study. This study was mainly focused on the viewpoint of traffic administrator, violator of driving under the influence of alcohol and the general public (the party concerned) to evaluate the execution of punishment policy under the plural environment and further to analyze the policy based on the core of problems, to understand and to explore the seriousness of its jeopardizing on traffic and the legal responsibility incurred from which., by having aimed at and through the aspect of “Law” and “Policy” on the “Punishment policy on the traffic offence of driving under the influence of alcohol”, and the influence of which on the traffic safety and order. This study also has referred to the related literatures of foreign or domestic policy on the traffic offence of driving under the influence of alcohol and the basic characteristics of offence case to make statistics and to analyze from its result, and by having through the investigation information of questionnaire to understand the cognition and expectation of the party concerned so as to design a “proper punishment policy” to provide the traffic authority and traffic legislation department for their reference on the establishment of punishment policy of traffic safety, and to provide the law executing department for the compliance of duty planning, and to provide the education unit for their reference on the contents of propaganda on the traffic safety education. The conclusion of this study has pointed out that viewing through the aspect of law and policy to weight the punishment policy on the traffic offence driving under the influence of alcohol on the traffic safety and order, it has shown that the driving behavior under the influence of alcohol is always highly dangerous during the recent 6 years from 1997 to 2002 provided that it doesn’t represent that “weighting down with punishment” of “punishment policy on the traffic offence of driving under the influence of alcohol” is improper or fails to reach the purpose of behavior improvement. On the contrary, it is due to the whole traffic environment, plural factor, hardship such as the rapid growth of vehicle, social drinking custom and inadequacy of the preventive mechanism as difficult to overcome, and therefore, this study has submitted the design on case project as the overall target of “maintaining traffic order and to assure the traffic safety”, and by having through the operation of government tools of each strategy and its effective execution to expect the target can be reached. Keyword: Driving under the influence of alcohol, traffic offence, punishment provisions, policy stakeholders , public policy.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

YI, LI JUN y 李俊毅. "The Study of Drunk-Driving and Alternatives". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62u475.

Texto completo

Resumen

碩士
中華大學
行政管理學系
106
This research presents the research motivation and background description. The research questions are mainly concerned with the degree of in-prison supervision of prisoners and the social support of prisoners, the attitudes of prisoners to arrests and penalties, as well as to understand the impact of the“Life Drunk Driving Education”course on prisoners. Firstly, a review of relevant literatures analyze such as the definition of drunk-driving, escape, hygiene, and etc. are based on the theory of drunk driving. Then, we interviewed drunk-drivers, administrative staffs, professionals and lawyer about the drunk-driving and alternatives. This study found that: 1. Drunk-driving prisoners have alcohol addiction problems. 2. Prisoners said most of the social support from the family. 3. Prisoners considered to cause the“social exclusion.”4. The principal function of the inmate as“guardianship, enlightenment, operation and health care”is still limited and not very useful. 5. Prisoners considered the“drunk life education”have the impact on the seriousness of drinking behavior.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Tesis sobre el tema "Drink driving"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros