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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Downdraft fixed bed"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 8 de febrero de 2025

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1

Sarker, S. y H. K. Nielsen. "Preliminary fixed-bed downdraft gasification of birch woodchips". International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12, n.º 7 (3 de junio de 2014): 2119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0618-8.

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2

Ouadi, M., J. G. Brammer, M. Kay y A. Hornung. "Fixed bed downdraft gasification of paper industry wastes". Applied Energy 103 (marzo de 2013): 692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.038.

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3

Hsi, Chih-Lun, Tzong-Yuan Wang, Chien-Hsiung Tsai, Ching-Yuan Chang, Chiu-Hao Liu, Yao-Chung Chang y Jing-T. Kuo. "Characteristics of an Air-Blown Fixed-Bed Downdraft Biomass Gasifier". Energy & Fuels 22, n.º 6 (19 de noviembre de 2008): 4196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef800026x.

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4

Sarker, S. y H. K. Nielsen. "Erratum to: Preliminary fixed-bed downdraft gasification of birch woodchips". International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12, n.º 12 (4 de julio de 2015): 4043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-015-0836-8.

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5

Zhou, Junjie, Kui Han, Songzhen Tang, Wu Tao y Weidong Fu. "Modeling and Investigation of the Reduction Zone in A Downdraft Biomass Gasifier". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2219, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2219/1/012003.

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Abstract The fixed bed gasifier has simple structure, convenient operation and maintenance, and is suitable for use in rural areas. In this paper, a downdraft fixed bed gasifier was designed for biomass gasification using corn cob as raw material. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the reduction zone of biomass gasifier. The temperature field and concentration distribution of the reduction zone were studied. The influence of structural parameters of the reduction zone on the composition of syngas was analyzed. The rates of major chemical reactions in the reduction zone were also compared in detail.

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6

Sonjaya, Abeth Novria y Adi Surjosatyo. "An Investigation on Gasification Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste Using Fixed Bed Downdraft: Study Case of Final Processing Site TPA Putri Cempo Surakarta". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1034, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2022): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1034/1/012066.

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Abstract The municipal solid waste (MSW) gasifier is one of the promising technologies to fulfill the energy demand of TPA Putri Cempo Surakarta. Municipal solid waste gasification is a chemical process that converts solid Municipal solid waste into useful, convenient gaseous fuel. According to the government program in presidential regulation number 35 of 2018, the acceleration of waste processing development into electric energy based on environmentally friendly technology needs to be developed. One of the technologies to convert waste into renewable energy is to use thermochemical processes of gasification. The aim of this paper is to investigate the conversion of municipal solid waste gasification (MSW) using a fixed bed downdraft gasifier by circulating the mass balance of municipal solid waste (MSW) to be converted into syngas with a variation of air-fuel ratio (AFR) of 0.1 to 1.0 and gasifier temperature at 500 – 1000°C. The result showed that the fixed bed downdraft gasifier produced syngas with the composition of CO (24.78%), CO2 (18.65%), H2 (15.6%), and CH4 (4.06%), with an AFR of 0.3 at a gasification temperature of 600°C.both.

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7

Zeng, Xi, Yin Wang, Jian Yu, Shisheng Wu, Jiangze Han, Shaoping Xu y Guangwen Xu. "Gas Upgrading in a Downdraft Fixed-Bed Reactor Downstream of a Fluidized-Bed Coal Pyrolyzer". Energy & Fuels 25, n.º 11 (17 de noviembre de 2011): 5242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef2012276.

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8

Forero-Núñez, Carlos Andrés y Fabio Emiro Sierra-Vargas. "Heat Losses Analysis Using Infrared Thermography on a Fixed Bed Downdraft Gasifier". International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 10, n.º 4 (31 de julio de 2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v10i4.8935.

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9

Musinguzi, Wilson B., Mackay A. E. Okure, Adam Sebbit, Terese Løvås y Izael da Silva. "Thermodynamic Modeling of Allothermal Steam Gasification in a Downdraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier". Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (febrero de 2014): 1782–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1782.

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A process of converting a solid carbonaceous fuel into a gaseous energy carrier in presence of a gasifying medium at high temperature is called gasification. The resulting gaseous energy carrier, known as producer gas, is more versatile in its use than the original solid fuel. Gasification is widely considered as a more efficient and less polluting initial thermochemical upstream process of converting biomass to electricity. The objective of this study was to investigate the process of allothermal steam gasification in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier for improved quality (HHV, high hydrogen content) of the producer gas generated. The study involved thermodynamic equilibrium modeling based on equilibrium approach in which the concentrations of the gaseous components in the producer gas at equilibrium temperature are determined based on balancing the moles in the overall gasification equation. The results obtained suggest that the maximum equilibrium yield of producer gas with high energy density is attained at a gasification temperature of around 820°C and a steam/biomass ratio of 0.825 mol/mol. The equilibrium yield was richer in hydrogen at 52.23%vol, and with a higher heating value of 11.6 MJ/Nm3. Preliminary validation of the model results using experimental data from literature shows a close relationship. The study has further shown the advantage of using steam as a gasifying medium towards the improved quality of the producer gas generated.

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10

Chen, Guanyi, Xiang Guo, Zhanjun Cheng, Beibei Yan, Zeng Dan y Wenchao Ma. "Air gasification of biogas-derived digestate in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier". Waste Management 69 (noviembre de 2017): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.001.

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11

Oliveira, Guthman Palandi, Maria Esther Sbampato, Cristiane Aparecida Martins, Leila Ribeiro Santos, Luiz Gilberto Barreta y Rene Francisco Boschi Gonçalves. "Experimental laminar burning velocity of syngas from fixed-bed downdraft biomass gasifiers". Renewable Energy 153 (junio de 2020): 1251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.083.

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12

Jahromi, Reza, Mahdi Rezaei, Seyed Hashem Samadi y Hossein Jahromi. "Biomass gasification in a downdraft fixed-bed gasifier: Optimization of operating conditions". Chemical Engineering Science 231 (febrero de 2021): 116249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.116249.

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13

Lenis, Yuhan A., Andrés F. Agudelo y Juan F. Pérez. "Analysis of statistical repeatability of a fixed bed downdraft biomass gasification facility". Applied Thermal Engineering 51, n.º 1-2 (marzo de 2013): 1006–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.09.046.

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14

Naryanto, Rizqi Fitri Naryanto y Mera Kartika Delimayanti. "Numerical Simulation of Downdraft Biomass Gasifier With Computational Fluid Dynamic". Jurnal Teknovasi 8, n.º 01 (1 de abril de 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55445/jt.v8i01.24.

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World energy demand has resulted in a surge in renewable energy needs. One of them is biomass. The gasification process takes place in a reactor called a gasifier, and the most effective way is to implement the Fixed Bed method on the downdraft gasifier. The process was executed in a downdraft gasifier because of the gas-making process without stopping the ignition and producing a small amount of tar. The biomass raw material used in this study is wood pellets because of their abundant availability in Indonesia. This research discussed numerical simulations for downdraft gasifier by utilizing wood pellet biomass as a raw material. The simulation technique is computational fluid dynamic with the DPM (Discrete Phase Model) because it can predict the experiment result details more precisely. The simulation results have shown that the convergence rate got better with the longer process iteration time. The simulation results were close to 100% in real-scale laboratory research results.

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15

Jeong, Yean-Ouk, Se-Won Park, Sang-Yeop Lee, Gun-Ho Han, Won-Seok Yang y Yong-Chil Seo. "Assessment of Gasification Applicability in a Downdraft Fixed Bed Reactor to Coffee Residues". Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 35, n.º 6 (30 de septiembre de 2018): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2018.35.6.515.

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16

Poudel, Jeeban, Hyeok Jin Kim, You Min Lee, Jae Hoi Gu y Sea Cheon Oh. "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Downdraft Fixed Bed Gasifier for Waste Gasification". Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 37, n.º 5 (31 de julio de 2020): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2020.37.5.225.

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17

Poudel, Jeeban, Hyeok Jin Kim, You Min Lee, Jae Hoi Gu y Sea Cheon Oh. "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Downdraft Fixed Bed Gasifier for Waste Gasification". Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 37, n.º 05 (31 de julio de 2020): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2020.37.5.354.

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18

Forero-Núñez, Carlos Andrés, Santiago Ramirez-Rubio y Fabio Emiro Sierra-Vargas. "Analysis of Charcoal Gasification on a Downdraft Fixed Bed Gasifier by CFD Modeling". International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 9, n.º 4 (31 de julio de 2015): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v9i4.6283.

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19

Donskoy, Igor. "Mathematical modelling and optimization of biomass-plastic fixed-bed downdraft co-gasification process". EPJ Web of Conferences 159 (2017): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201715900010.

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20

Baruah, Dipal, D. C. Baruah y M. K. Hazarika. "Artificial neural network based modeling of biomass gasification in fixed bed downdraft gasifiers". Biomass and Bioenergy 98 (marzo de 2017): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.01.029.

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21

Verdeza-Villalobos, Arnaldo, Yuhan Arley Lenis-Rodas, Antonio José Bula-Silvera, Jorge Mario Mendoza-Fandiño y Rafael David Gómez-Vásquez. "Performance analysis of a commercial fixed bed downdraft gasifier using palm kernel shells". CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 9, n.º 2 (11 de noviembre de 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.181.

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This work analyzes the use of palm kernel shells (PKS) produced by the Colombian palm oil mill industry, for purposes of fueling a commercial downdraft fixed bed gasifier (Ankur Scientific WGB- 20) designed to operate with wood chips. Operational parameters such as hopper shaking time, ash removal time, and airflow were varied in order to get the highest gasifier performance, computed as the ratio between producer gas chemical energy over biomass feeding energy. Experiments were carried out following a half fraction experimental design 24-1. Since these parameters affect the equivalence ratio (ER), behavior indicators were analyzed as a function of ER. It was found that the shaking time and airflow had a significant effect on higher-heating-value (HHV) and process efficiency, while the removal time is not significant. The highest performance for palm shell was reached at ER=0.35, where the resulting gas HHV and process efficiencies were 5.04 MJ/Nm3 and 58%, respectively.

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22

Dogru, Murat. "EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF OLIVE PITS GASIFICATION IN A FIXED BED DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER SYSTEM". International Journal of Green Energy 10, n.º 4 (21 de abril de 2013): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2012.655351.

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23

Zabihi, Ali, Barat Ghobadian, Seyed Hashem Samadi, Mark Lefsrud y Haniyeh Samadi. "Tar removal from synthesis gas by a walnut shell downdraft fixed bed gasifier". Energy Conversion and Management 319 (noviembre de 2024): 118872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118872.

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24

Wang, Ming Yung y Hsiao Kang Ma. "Numerical Study of Solid Biomass Fuel in a Gasifier System". Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (junio de 2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.191.

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In this study, the gasification processes of different Taiwan’s agriculture wastes were studied by using software of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), which developed by American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to build a model of downdraft fixed bed gasifier. Details of the operation condition for the Taiwan’s agriculture waste biomass fuel in the gasifier were obtained. They include traction fan speed, leakage air, internal temperature, moisture, and cold gas efficiency. The simulated results are found in small type fixed bed biomass gasifier under traction fan initial speed is 0.2m/s, the leakage air in the gasification area is less than 10% of the amount of wind quantity by traction fan and moisture content of solid biomass is limited at 10% ~ 20%(vol.) that temperature in gasification zone with steady supply fuel gas condition is near 850~900°C.

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25

Xiang, Xianan, Guangcai Gong, Chenhua Wang, Ninghua Cai, Xuehua Zhou y Yongsuo Li. "Exergy analysis of updraft and downdraft fixed bed gasification of village-level solid waste". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.247.

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26

Ong, Zhehan, Yongpan Cheng, Thawatchai Maneerung, Zhiyi Yao, Yen Wah Tong, Chi-Hwa Wang y Yanjun Dai. "Co-gasification of woody biomass and sewage sludge in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier". AIChE Journal 61, n.º 8 (20 de abril de 2015): 2508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.14836.

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27

Pérez, Juan F., Andrés Melgar y Francisco V. Tinaut. "Modeling of fixed bed downdraft biomass gasification: Application on lab-scale and industrial reactors". International Journal of Energy Research 38, n.º 3 (20 de abril de 2013): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.3045.

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28

Barman, Niladri Sekhar, Sudip Ghosh y Sudipta De. "Gasification of biomass in a fixed bed downdraft gasifier – A realistic model including tar". Bioresource Technology 107 (marzo de 2012): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.124.

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29

Yue, Wusi, Ching-Long Lin y Virendra C. Patel. "Coherent Structures In Open-Channel Flows Over a Fixed Dune". Journal of Fluids Engineering 127, n.º 5 (27 de febrero de 2005): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1988345.

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Turbulent open-channel flow over a two-dimensional laboratory-scale dune is studied using large eddy simulation. Free surface motion is simulated using level set method. Two subgrid scale models, namely, dynamic Smagorinsky model and dynamic two-parameter model, are employed for assessing model effects on the free surface flow. The present numerical predictions of mean flow field and turbulence statistics are in good agreement with experimental data. The mean flow can be divided into two zones, an inner zone where turbulence strongly depends on the dune bed geometry and an outer layer free from the direct influence of the bed geometry. Streaky structures are observed in the wall layer after flow reattachment. Quadrant two events are found to prevail in near-wall and near-surface motions, indicating the predominance of turbulence ejections in open-channel flows. Large-scale coherent structures are produced behind the dune crest by a strong shear layer riding over the recirculation zone. These quasistreamwise tubelike vortical structures are transported downstream with the mean flow and most are destructed before arriving at the next crest. Free surface deformation is visualized, demonstrating complex patterns of upwelling and downdraft.

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30

Donskoy, Igor G. "Numerical Study on the Efficiency of Biomass and Municipal Waste Fixed-Bed Co-Gasification". E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911406006.

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The utilization of combustible waste, such as sewage sludge, can be combined with energy production for small-scale consumers. One of the ways of such utilization can be gasification, which makes it possible to obtain a combustible gas suitable for thermal and electric energy production. The aim of this study is to estimate the efficiency of sewage sludge co-conversion with woody biomass using mathematical model that allows to investigate process characteristics under different process conditions (air stoichiometric ratio, fuel mixture composition, initial moisture of sewage sludge). Dependencies of gasification process characteristics are evaluated and compared with published experimental data. Fixed-bed downdraft process is investigated related to using of wood and sewage sludge mixtures. New results are obtained considering process efficiency dependence on input fuel composition, method is proposed to estimate acceptable fuel mixtures based on agglomeration and efficiency requirements.

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31

Park, Se-Won, Jang-Soo Lee, Won-Seok Yang, Md Tanvir Alam y Yong-Chil Seo. "A Comparative Study of the Gasification of Solid Refuse Fuel in Downdraft Fixed Bed and Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactors". Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, n.º 5 (25 de agosto de 2018): 2345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0431-6.

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32

Nath, Bidhan, Guangnan Chen, Les Bowtell y Raid Ahmed Mahmood. "CFDs Modeling and Simulation of Wheat Straw Pellet Combustion in a 10 kW Fixed-Bed Downdraft Reactor". Processes 12, n.º 5 (25 de abril de 2024): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12050863.

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This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the combustion of wheat straw pellets in a 10 kW fixed-bed reactor through a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs) simulation and experimental validation. The developed 2D CFDs model in ANSYS meshing simulates the combustion process in ANSYS Fluent software 2021 R2. The investigation evaluates key parameters such as equivalence ratio, heating value, and temperature distribution within the reactor to enhance gas production efficiency. The simulated results, including combustion temperature and produced gases (CO2, CO, CH4), demonstrate a significant agreement with experimental combustion data. The impact of the equivalence ratio on the conversion efficiency and lower heating value (LHV) is systematically explored, revealing that an equivalence ratio of 0.35 is optimal for maximum gas production efficiency. The resulting producer gas composition at this optimum condition includes CO (~27.67%), CH4 (~3.29%), CO2 (~11.09%), H2 (~11.09%), and N2 (~51%). The findings contribute valuable insights into improving the efficiency of fixed-bed reactors, offering essential information on performance parameters for sustainable and optimized combustion.

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33

Karki, Sujeeta, Jeeban Poudel y Sea Cheon Oh. "Utilizing Downdraft Fixed Bed Reactor for Thermal Upgrading of Sewage Sludge as Fuel by Torrefaction". Applied Sciences 7, n.º 11 (18 de noviembre de 2017): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7111189.

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34

Nunes, S. Monteiro, N. Paterson, A. A. Herod, D. R. Dugwell y R. Kandiyoti. "Tar Formation and Destruction in a Fixed Bed Reactor Simulating Downdraft Gasification: Optimization of Conditions". Energy & Fuels 22, n.º 3 (mayo de 2008): 1955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef700662g.

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35

Vonk, G., B. Piriou, P. Felipe Dos Santos, D. Wolbert y G. Vaïtilingom. "Comparative analysis of wood and solid recovered fuels gasification in a downdraft fixed bed reactor". Waste Management 85 (febrero de 2019): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.023.

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36

Skoulou, V., A. Zabaniotou, G. Stavropoulos y G. Sakelaropoulos. "Syngas production from olive tree cuttings and olive kernels in a downdraft fixed-bed gasifier". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33, n.º 4 (febrero de 2008): 1185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.051.

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37

Chang, Shengqiang, Zhikai Zhang, Lixia Cao, Liqiang Ma, Siming You y Wangliang Li. "Co-gasification of digestate and lignite in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier: Effect of temperature". Energy Conversion and Management 213 (junio de 2020): 112798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112798.

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38

Jangsawang, Woranuch. "Performance testing of a downdraft biomass gasifier stove for cooking applications". MATEC Web of Conferences 204 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820404011.

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A down draft biomass gasifier stove with four steps of cleaning gas system was developed to produce the producer gas for replacing LPG for cooking applications in lunch project for the student in rural school area. This project has been implemented at Bangrakam primary school that located at Pitsanuloke Province, Thailand. The biomass fuels used are Mimosa wood twigs. The gasifier stove was developed based on down draft fixed bed gasifier with the maximum fuel capacity of fourteen kilograms. The performance testing of the biomass gasifier stove showed that the heating value of the producer gas is 4.12 MJ/Nm3 with the thermal efficiency in the percentage of 85.49. The results from this study imply that it has high potential to replace LPG with producer gas.

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39

Mansur, Fatin Zafirah, Che Ku Mohammad Faizal, N. A. Fazli, S. M. Atnaw y S. A. Sulaiman. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON GASIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF SAWDUST AND SAWDUST PELLET IN A DOWNDRAFT BIOMASS GASIFIER". Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 5, n.º 2 (5 de abril de 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v5i2.3508.

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In this work, a comparative analysis of the gasification process of sawdust (SW) and sawdust pellet (SWP) utilizing a downdraft gasifier was performed. The gasification was conducted in a research-scale fixed-bed gasifier applying air as an oxidizing agent. The comparison between the raw (sawdust, SW) and treated biomass (sawdust pellet, SWP) was investigated for the syngas composition and gasification performance at the fixed condition of gasification temperature at 750 °C and equivalence ratio of 0.25. The gasification performance was tabulated in the form of heating value of the syngas (HHVsyngas), gasification efficiency (ηGE) and carbon conversion efficiency (ηCCE). It was found out that SWP produced the highest H2 and the lowest CO2. Furthermore, SWP also present the better gasification performance than SW. SWP achieved the high HHVsyngas, ηGE, and ηCCE at 4.2152 MJ/Nm3, 24% and 37%, respectively.

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40

Sánchez Plazas, Oscar Daniel, Alejandro Lyons y Fabio Emiro Sierra Vargas. "Kinetic Reaction Modeling of the Reduction Zone of Bamboo Gasification in a Fixed Bed Downdraft Gasifier". International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 12, n.º 6 (30 de junio de 2018): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v12i6.14645.

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41

Gibran, Felly Rihlat, Adi Surjosatyo, Andika Akbar Hermawan, Hafif Dafiqurrohman, Muhammad Barryl Anggriawan, Samsul Ma'arif y N. R. Yusuf. "Optimization of Fixed Bed Downdraft Reactor for Rice Husk Biomass Gasification using Secondary Air Intake Variation". International Journal of Technology 9, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2018): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v9i2.1081.

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42

Ngamchompoo, Worapot y Kittichai Triratanasirichai. "Experimental investigation of high temperature air and steam biomass gasification in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier". Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 39, n.º 8 (29 de marzo de 2017): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2013.783657.

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43

Monteiro Nunes, S., N. Paterson, D. R. Dugwell y R. Kandiyoti. "Tar Formation and Destruction in a Simulated Downdraft, Fixed-Bed Gasifier: Reactor Design and Initial Results". Energy & Fuels 21, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2007): 3028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef070137b.

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44

Daouk, Elias, Laurent Van de Steene, Frederic Paviet, Eric Martin, Jeremy Valette y Sylvain Salvador. "Oxidative pyrolysis of wood chips and of wood pellets in a downdraft continuous fixed bed reactor". Fuel 196 (mayo de 2017): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.012.

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45

Vervaeke, P., F. M. G. Tack, F. Navez, J. Martin, M. G. Verloo y N. Lust. "Fate of heavy metals during fixed bed downdraft gasification of willow wood harvested from contaminated sites". Biomass and Bioenergy 30, n.º 1 (enero de 2006): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.07.001.

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46

Kuo, Po-Chih, Wei Wu y Wei-Hsin Chen. "Gasification performances of raw and torrefied biomass in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier using thermodynamic analysis". Fuel 117 (enero de 2014): 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.125.

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47

Carmo-Calado, Luís, Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez, Daniel Diaz-Perete, José La Cal-Herrera, Paulo Brito y Julio Terrados-Cepeda. "Experimental Research on the Production of Hydrogen-Rich Synthesis Gas via the Air-Gasification of Olive Pomace: A Comparison between an Updraft Bubbling Bed and a Downdraft Fixed Bed". Hydrogen 4, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2023): 726–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4040046.

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The present study compares the performance of bubbling-bed updraft and a fixed-bed downdraft gasification systems for producing hydrogen-rich (H2) syngas from olive pomace on a semi-industrial scale. The focus is on examining the effects of temperature and efficiency ratio (ER) on the composition, low heat value (LHV), carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of the produced syngas. The results presented for the fixed bed show the concentration of H2 (15.6–16.52%), CGE (58.99–66.80%), CCE (69.07–71.86%), and LHV (4.82–5.70 MJ/Nm3). The CGE reaches a maximum of 66.80% at a temperature of 700 °C and an ER of 0.20, while the syngas yield (2.35 Nm3/kg) presents a maximum at a temperature 800 °C and an ER of 0.21, with a tendency to decrease with the increase in the temperature. For the bubbling fluidized bed, results were shown for the concentration of H2 (12.54–12.97%), CGE (70.48–89.51%), CCE (75.83–78.49%), and LHV (6.10–6.93 MJ/Nm3), where, at a temperature of 700 °C and an ER of 0.23, the CGE is 89.51% and the LHV is 6.93 MJ/Nm3, with a tendency to decrease with the increase in the temperature, while the maximum syngas yield (2.52 Nm3/kg) occurs at a temperature of 800 °C and an ER of 0.23. Comparing the two gasification processes, the fixed bed has a higher concentration of H2 at all the temperatures and ERs of the experiments; however, the bubbling fluidized bed has a higher CGE. These findings have implications for applications involving syngas, such as energy production and chemical synthesis, and can guide process optimization and enhance energy efficiency. The information obtained can also contribute to emission mitigation strategies and improvements in syngas-based synthesis reactors.

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48

Donskoy, I. G. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF WOOD GASIFICATION WITH TARRY PRODUCTS DECOMPOSITION ON ACTIVE MATERIAL PARTICLES". Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 20, n.º 11-12 (27 de febrero de 2019): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-11-12-107-117.

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The work is devoted to the numerical study of the process of downdraft fixed-bed gasification of woody biomass. Such processes are used to produce combustible gases at lowcapacity power plants. To improve the quality of the produced gas, it is proposed to use a mixture of wood fuel with a non-combustible material that can exhibit catalytic activity in the decomposition of undesired tary products. Adding a non-combustible material leads to lower heat value of fuel mixture, but contributes to a deeper gas purification. The aim of the study is to select the optimal "active material / wood fuel" ratio and to determine the minimum material activity at which its addition to the fuel becomes effective.

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49

Hashem Samadi, Seyed, Barat Ghobadian, Mohsen Nosrati y Mahdi Rezaei. "Investigation of factors affecting performance of a downdraft fixed bed gasifier using optimized MLP neural networks approach". Fuel 333 (febrero de 2023): 126249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126249.

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50

Sarker, Shiplu y Henrik Kofoed Nielsen. "Assessing the gasification potential of five woodchips species by employing a lab-scale fixed-bed downdraft reactor". Energy Conversion and Management 103 (octubre de 2015): 801–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.07.022.

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