Bibliografías temáticas / Down and Up conversions

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Down and Up conversions"

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Publicado: 4 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Down and Up conversions"

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LI Bin, 李斌, 冯勋立 FENG Xun-li y 张智明 ZHANG Zhi-ming. "Frequency Up- and Down-conversions in Two-mode Cavity". ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 40, n.º 8 (2011): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20114008.1161.

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Lin, Hang, José Marqués-Hueso, Daqin Chen, Yuansheng Wang y Bryce S. Richards. "Tm3+-sensitized up- and down-conversions in nano-structured oxyfluoride glass ceramics". Materials Research Bulletin 47, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2012): 4433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.09.048.

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Zhuang, Jianle, Xianfeng Yang, Junxiang Fu, Chaolun Liang, Mingmei Wu, Jing Wang y Qiang Su. "Monodispersed β-NaYF4 Mesocrystals: In Situ Ion Exchange and Multicolor Up- and Down-Conversions". Crystal Growth & Design 13, n.º 6 (6 de mayo de 2013): 2292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg301751c.

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Wang, L., P. Li y Y. Li. "Down- and Up-Conversion Luminescent Nanorods". Advanced Materials 19, n.º 20 (20 de septiembre de 2007): 3304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200700144.

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Juan, Yu Lin. "A Wide Voltage-Ratio Dual-Output DC Converter for Charging Series-Connected Batteries". Energies 12, n.º 9 (30 de abril de 2019): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091650.

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In this study, a dual-output converter with a wide input voltage range is proposed for directly equalized charging of series-connected batteries without additional power conversion losses. Compared with most of the equalized charging topologies, such as the those with a multi-winding transformer or voltage multiplier, the proposed converter could be applied to different voltage conversion ratio applications. The proposed converter is capable not only of step-down but also step-up/down power conversions for different input voltage levels. By operating in discontinuous conduction mode, the diode reverse recovery losses can be eliminated and operation stability can also be enhanced. The operation principles and design criteria are both illustrated. A prototype of charging two series-connected LiFePO4 batteries is constructed. Corresponding experimental results of different input voltage levels are provided to verify the performance and validity.
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6

Ding, Mingye, Chunhua Lu, Yan Song, Yaru Ni y Zhongzi Xu. "Hydrothermal synthesis of ordered β-NaYF4 nanorod self-assemblies with multicolor up- and down-conversions". CrystEngComm 16, n.º 6 (2014): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ce41860j.

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Ehrler, Bruno, Nobuhiro Yanai y Lea Nienhaus. "Up- and down-conversion in molecules and materials". Journal of Chemical Physics 154, n.º 7 (21 de febrero de 2021): 070401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0045323.

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Yan, R. X. y Y. D. Li. "Down/Up Conversion in Ln3+-Doped YF3 Nanocrystals". Advanced Functional Materials 15, n.º 5 (mayo de 2005): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200305044.

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9

Scudder, Jillian M., Sara L. Ellison, Loubna El Meddah El Idrissi y Henry Poetrodjojo. "Conversions between gas-phase metallicities in MaNGA". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, n.º 2 (13 de agosto de 2021): 2468–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2339.

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ABSTRACT We present polynomial conversions between each of 11 different strong line gas-phase metallicity calibrations, each based on ∼1.1 million star-forming spaxels in the public Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 15 (DR15) Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. For this sample, which is ∼20 times larger than previous works, we present fifth-order polynomial fits for each of 110 possible calibration conversions, for both Small Magellanic Cloud-type and Milky Way-type dust corrections. The typical 2σ scatter around our polynomial fits is 0.1 dex; we present the range over which the metallicities are valid. Conversions between metallicities which rely on the same set of line ratios, or a heavily shared set of emission lines, have reduced scatter in their conversions relative to those conversions with little overlap in required emission lines. Calibration conversions with less consistent sets of emission lines also have increased galaxy-to-galaxy variability, and this variability can account for up to 35 per cent of the total scatter. We also compare our conversions to previous work with the single fibre SDSS DR7 spectra along with higher spatial resolution data from the TYPHOON Integral Field Spectroscopy survey, resulting in comparison samples with spatial resolutions from several kpc down to ∼100 pc. Our metallicity conversions, obtained with the large sample of MaNGA, are robust against the influence of diffuse ionized gas, redshift, effective radius, and spatial blurring, and are therefore consistent across both integrated spectra and the high-resolution integral field spectroscopy data.
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10

Zhu, Jing, Shuai Yan, Hongjia Huang, Wei Cong, Changhui Gong, Fanfan Zheng y Shuo Li. "Research on Key Technologies of High-Reliability Telemetry Transmitters for Launch Vehicle Carrying". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2670, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2670/1/012016.

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Abstract To solve the problem of single-point series components in the internal circuit of the current PCM/FM launch vehicle carrying telemetry transmitter, this paper proposes a new circuit architecture that can eliminate most of the single-point working components of the transmitter without changing the external interface and usage mode, thus improving the reliability of the whole system. This scheme uses large-scale integrated circuits to reduce the number of chips in the transmitter. Two improvements are made in the overall structure of the transmitter. One is to use a zero intermediate frequency (IF) orthogonal up-conversion scheme to replace the traditional high IF superheterodyne scheme, which reduces the number of single-point series components in the circuit. Another is to utilize redundancy design, increasing backup and fault detection channels. According to the development of domestic devices, this paper uses two domestic B9361 radio frequency (RF) conversion chips to realize two ways up-conversion as main and backup channels and two ways down-conversions as fault detection channels. The experimental results show that the new telemetry transmitter based on this scheme can be compatible with the current transmitter and effectively improve the reliability of the whole system.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Down and Up conversions"

1

Smara, Zakarya. "Etudes des propriétés optiques de nanoparticules de fluorures Na(Y,Bi)F4 dopées par des ions de terres rares et synthétisées par coprécipitation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAC030.

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Ce travail est consacré à l’élaboration de nanoluminophores de formulations β-NaBiF4 et α-NaYF4 monodopés Eu3+, Tb3+, Pr3+, codopés avec Yb3+ et tridopés avec Ce3+. Ces matériaux ont été préparés par coprécipitation, et les paramètres de synthèse ont été optimisés afin de produire des nanocubes (NCs) avec des longueurs d’arête entre 35 et 65 nm, de façon reproductible et avec une distribution de taille étroite. Les NCs de fluorures obtenus ont été caractérisés d’un point de vue structural (DRX, IR), morphologique (MEB et TEM) et optique (photoluminescence) permettant de confirmer leurs puretés cristallines d’une part et d’enregistrer des répartitions spectrales de luminescence conformes à celles attendues d’autre part. L’analyse des spectres d’émission et des déclins de la fluorescence, sous excitations UV et/ou proche infrarouge, a permis de démontrer que des processus de conversion Stokes et anti-Stokes efficaces se produisent dans ces NCs. Les résultats sont discutés en considérant divers chemins de désexcitations radiatives et de transfert d’énergie, permettant de conclure que l’on peut générer sur un même NC les deux processus, même si ces derniers sont en concurrence dans certains cas
This work is devoted to the development of nanophosphors of formulations β-NaBiF4 and α-NaYF4 monodoped Eu3+, Tb3+, Pr3+, codoped with Yb3+ and tridoped with Ce3+. These materials were prepared by coprecipitation, and the synthesis parameters were optimized to produce nanocubes (NCs) with edge lengths between 35 and 65 nm, reproducibly and with a narrow size distribution. The obtained NCs were characterized from a structural (XRD, IR), morphological (SEM and TEM) and optical (photoluminescence) point of view, making it possible to confirm their crystalline purities on the one hand and to record spectral distributions of luminescence in accordance with those expected on the other hand. Analysis of emission spectra and fluorescence decays, under UV and / or near infrared excitations, has demonstrated that efficient Stokes and anti-Stokes conversion processes occur in these NCs. The results are discussed by considering various paths of radiative de-excitations and energy transfer, making it possible to conclude that the two processes can be generated on the same NC, even if the latter are in competition in certain cases
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2

Termos, Hassan. "Study of up & down conversion technique by all-optical sampling based on SOA-MZI". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0021/document.

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La conversion de fréquence est une fonction clef présente dans divers contextes, particulièrement dans les systèmes mixtes photoniques-hyperfréquences. Aujourd’hui, la suprématie des réseaux optiques pour le transport de données à haut débit sur de grandes distances incite à l’intégration de telles fonctions dans le domaine optique afin de bénéficier des faibles pertes, larges bandes passantes, faibles poids et tailles propres aux technologies optiques. Dans ce travail, nous étudions un mélangeur tout-optique utilisant un composant SOA-MZI (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer) et une technique d’échantillonnage permettant la conversion vers les hautes et les basses fréquences. Le principe du mélange exploite les caractéristiques spectrales d’un signal échantillonné pour lequel des répliques du signal d’origine existent à différentes autres fréquences. Utiliser une telle technique pour la conversion de fréquences offre deux avantages : la conversion vers les hautes et les basses fréquences utilise la même configuration du mélangeur et la fréquence de l’oscillateur local peut être inférieure à la gamme des fréquences visées.L’implémentation d’une telle technique d’échantillonnage nécessite un interrupteur optique contrôlé optiquement.Comme cela est montré dans ce travail, un SOA-MZI peut jouer ce rôle. Selon la phase relative entre ses bras, un interféromètre Mach-Zehnder (MZI) peut transmettre ou non un signal optique d’entrée. En plaçant un SOA dans chaque bras de la structure MZI, la modulation croisée de la phase qui existe au sein d’un SOA est mise à profit pour contrôler l’état de l’interféromètre. Contrôlé par une source impulsionnelle optique, cet interrupteur optique permet d’échantillonner un signal optique porteur de données à modulation complexe. La conversion de fréquence de signaux mono et multi-porteuses dans le domaine 0,5-39,5 GHz a été obtenue avec succès. Par utilisation d’une configuration différentielle du SOA-MZI, des conversions vers les hautes et les basses fréquences jusqu’à un débit de 1 Gb/s ont pu être réalisées
Frequency mixing is a key function existing in different systems, especially in mixed photonic-microwave ones. Today, the supremacy of optical networks to carry high bitrate data over large distances motivates the optical implementation of such functions to benefit from the low loss, high bandwidth, low size and weight of optical technologies. In this work, we study a photonic mixer based on a SOA-MZI (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer) device and a sampling technique allowing both conversion towards high and low frequencies.The involved mixing principle exploits the spectral characteristics of a sampled signal in which replicas of the original spectrum exist at different other frequencies. Basing the frequency conversion on a sampling technique gives two advantages: the photonic mixer configuration is the same for up and down conversions, and the frequency of the local oscillator can be less than the addressed frequency range.The implementation of such a sampling technique needs an optically-controlled high-frequency optical switch. As shown in this work, a SOA-MZI can play this role. Depending on the relative phase between its arms, an interferometric structure (MZI) can transmit or cancel an optical input signal. By locating one SOA in each arm of the MZI structure, the cross-phase modulation that exists inside an SOA is exploited to optically control the optical switch state of the MZI.Controlled by an optical pulse source, this optical switch is able to sample an optical input signal carrying complexmodulated data. Frequency conversions of mono and multi-carrier signals in the range 0.5-39.5 GHz have been successfully achieved. By using a differential configuration of the SOA-MZI, both up and down conversions at bitrates up to 1 Gb/s are reached
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3

Cheroura, Youcef. "Photoconversion et exaltation plasmonique de nanoparticules de β-NaGdF4 pour potentielles applications photovoltaïques sur silicium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAC023.

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Un système multifonctionnel a été élaboré pour être utilisé comme double capteur de lumière ultraviolette (UV) et proche infrarouge (NIR) et permettant de convertir ces rayonnements par des mécanismes Stokes (DS-DC) et anti-Stokes (UC) en lumière visible susceptible d’accroître le rendement des cellules photovoltaïques. Des nano-bâtonnets ( 140 nm x 60 nm) de β-NaGdF4 monodopés par Eu3+, Pr3+, Er3+ et codopés par Yb3+ ont été synthétisés de façon reproductible par co-précipitation (conditions optimisées : 150°C, 60 min). Les propriétés structurales et morphologiques ont été caractérisées par diffraction des rayons X, spectroscopie infrarouge, Raman et microscopie électronique (MET) confirmant la qualité des matériaux synthétisés. L’utilisation des propriétés de sonde structurale de l’ion Eu3+ a permis d’identifier et de discuter de l’ordre local en s’appuyant sur la théorie de Judd-Ofelt. L’analyse des propriétés de fluorescence a été menée sous excitations impulsionnelle et continue. Les canaux de désexcitation radiative et de transfert d’énergie pour les deux processus DC et UC, pour chaque système, ont été identifiés et discutés en s’appuyant sur l’évolution des intensités de fluorescence en fonction de la puissance de pompe en régime continu et sur les cinétiques de décroissances temporelles sous excitations UV et NIR. Une attention particulière a été accordée au système Er3+/Yb3+ pour lequel un couplage par effet plasmonique a été envisagé avec des nanoparticules métalliques (NPMs) de métaux nobles or et argent. Selon la nature, la forme et la taille des NPMs, des exaltations ou des atténuations des intensités de fluorescence, s’accompagnant dans certains cas d’un accroissement des taux de décroissance temporelle ont été observées. Elles sont discutées en considérant deux processus principaux, la diffusion et l’effet Purcell
A multifunctional system was developed to be used as a dual ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) light harvester and photo-converters by Down (DS-DC) and Up Conversions (UC) in visible light to enhance the light trapping properties of thin-film solar cells. Nanorods ( 140 nm x 60 nm) of β-NaGdF4 singly doped by Eu3+, Pr3+, Er3+ and co-doped by Yb3+ were synthesized by co-precipitation method (optimized conditions: 150°C, 60 min). The structural and morphological properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman and electron microscopy (TEM) confirming the quality of the elaborated materials. Using the structural probe properties of the Eu3+ ion, local order was identified and discussed on the basis of Judd-Ofelt theory. The analysis of the fluorescence properties was carried out under pulsed and cw excitations. The radiative de-excitation and energy transfer channels for both DC and UC processes, occurring in each system, have been identified and discussed based on the evolution of fluorescence intensities as a function of continuous pump power and on the kinetics of luminescence decays under UV and NIR excitations. Particular attention was paid to the Er3+/Yb3+ system for which a coupling by plasmonic effect was considered with metallic nanoparticles (NPMs) of noble metals gold and silver. Depending on the nature, shape and size of the NPMs, enhancements or attenuations of fluorescence intensities, in addition in some cases to an increase in decaying rates have been observed. They are discussed considering two main processes, scattering and the Purcell effects
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Dieudonné, Belto. "Guides d’onde en verres et vitrocéramiques fluorés dopés terre rare élaborés par PVD pour l’émission dans le visible et la conversion de fréquence". Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA1023/document.

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Le projet s’inscrit dans le développement de sources lasers RGB miniaturisées pour l’affichage et la vidéoprojection, la conversion de fréquence dans les cellules solaires.Les verres fluorés ZLAG (ZrF4-LaF3-AlF3-GaF3) codopés terres rares ont été considérés. Ce verre possède une faible énergie de phonon, une forte solubilité des terres rares et peut être fabriqué en couche mince par la technique PVD. Il est de plus le précurseur de vitrocéramiques transparentes. On a observé dans les verres massifs et les guides d’onde des émissions bleue, orange et rouge avec un codopage Pr3+-Yb3+, bleue et rouge avec un co-dopage Tm3+-Yb3+. L’émission RGB dans les verres tri-dopés Tm3+-Er3+-Yb3+ semble prometteuse. Par ailleurs, la vitro-céramisation a permis d’augmenter de plus de 30% les sections efficaces d’absorption des ions Pr3+ et Yb3+.Une efficacité de transfert de 92% a été obtenue dans les verres co-dopés 0,5Pr3+-10Yb3+ pour le processus de conversion d’un photon bleu en deux photons IR
The project joins in the development of miniaturized laser sources RGB for display and videoprojection, frequency conversion in solar cells.Fluoride glasses ZLAG ( ZrF4-LaF3-AlF3-GaF3) co-doped with rare earths were studied. This glass has a low phonon energy, a strong solubility of the rare earth ions and can be fabricated as thin films by PVD. It is also the precursor of transparent glass-ceramics. Similar emissions in both co-doped bulk and waveguides have been observed ; blue, orange, red emission for Pr3+-Yb3+ and blue, red emission for Tm3+-Yb3+. The RGB emission in bulk Tm3+-Er3+-Yb3+ tri-doped glass seems promising. Furthermore, the absorption cross section of Pr3+ and Yb3+ ions has been increased by 30% with the ceraming process.An energy transfer efficiency (ETE) of 92% has been obtained for co-doped glass with 0,5Pr3+-10Yb3+ for the conversion process of a blue photon into two infrared one
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5

Tian, Hai, Tom Trojak y Charles H. Jones. "COMMUNICATIONS OVER AIRCRAFT POWER LINES: A PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603939.

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ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
This paper presents a practical implementation of a hardware design for transmission of data over aircraft power lines. The intent of such hardware is to significantly reduce the wiring in the aircraft instrumentation system. The potential usages of this technology include pulse code modulation (PCM), Ethernet and other forms data communications. Details of the fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) and printed circuit board (PCB) designs of the digital and analog front end will be discussed. The power line is not designed for data transmission. It contains considerable noise, multipath effects, and time varying impedance. Spectral analysis data of an aircraft is presented to indicate the difficulty of the problem at hand. A robust modulation is required to overcome the harsh environment and to provide reliable transmission. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been used in power line communication industry with a great deal of success. OFDM has been deemed the most appropriate technology for high-speed data transmission on aircraft power lines. Additionally, forward error correction (FEC) techniques are discussed.
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6

Dieudonné, Belto. "Guides d'onde en verres et vitrocéramiques fluorés dopés terre rare élaborés par PVD pour l'émission dans le visible et la conversion de fréquence". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808593.

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Le projet s'inscrit dans le développement de sources lasers RGB miniaturisées pour l'affichage et la vidéoprojection, la conversion de fréquence dans les cellules solaires.Les verres fluorés ZLAG (ZrF4-LaF3-AlF3-GaF3) codopés terres rares ont été considérés. Ce verre possède une faible énergie de phonon, une forte solubilité des terres rares et peut être fabriqué en couche mince par la technique PVD. Il est de plus le précurseur de vitrocéramiques transparentes. On a observé dans les verres massifs et les guides d'onde des émissions bleue, orange et rouge avec un codopage Pr3+-Yb3+, bleue et rouge avec un co-dopage Tm3+-Yb3+. L'émission RGB dans les verres tri-dopés Tm3+-Er3+-Yb3+ semble prometteuse. Par ailleurs, la vitro-céramisation a permis d'augmenter de plus de 30% les sections efficaces d'absorption des ions Pr3+ et Yb3+.Une efficacité de transfert de 92% a été obtenue dans les verres co-dopés 0,5Pr3+-10Yb3+ pour le processus de conversion d'un photon bleu en deux photons IR.
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7

Björklund, Daniel. "Implementation of a Software-Defined Radio Transceiver on High-Speed Digitizer/Generator SDR14". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78213.

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This thesis describes the specification, design and implementation of a software-defined radio system on a two-channel 14-bit digitizer/generator. The multi-stage interpolations and decimations which are required to operate two analog-to-digital converters at 800 megasamples per second (MSps) and two digital-to-analog converters at 1600 MSps from a 25 MSps software-side interface, were designed and implemented. Quadrature processing was used throughout the system, and a combination of fine-tunable low-rate mixers and coarse high-rate mixers were implemented to allow frequency translation across the entire first Nyquist band of the converters. Various reconstruction filter designs for the transmitter side were investigated and a cheap implementation was done through the use of programmable base-band filters and polynomial approximation.
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Ball, Justin. "Up-down asymmetric tokamaks". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b7932b07-1388-497e-8d95-4bdffabc52d9.

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Bulk toroidal rotation has proven capable of stabilising both dangerous MHD modes and turbulence. This has allowed existing tokamaks to generate extra fusion power at a fixed size and magnetic field. However, most methods of inducing the plasma to spin do not appear to scale well to larger devices such as ITER or a future power plant. In this thesis, we explore a notable exception: up-down asymmetry in the tokamak magnetic equilibrium. When tokamak flux surfaces are not mirror symmetric about the midplane, turbulence can transport momentum from one surface to the next, creating spontaneous rotation that is "intrinsic" to the geometry. We seek to maximise this intrinsic rotation by finding optimal up-down asymmetric flux surface shapes. First, we use the ideal MHD model to show that low order external shaping (e.g. elongation) is best for creating up-down asymmetric flux surfaces throughout the device. Then, we calculate realistic up-down asymmetric equilibria for input into nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence analysis. Analytic gyrokinetics shows that, in the limit of fast shaping effects, a poloidal tilt of the flux surface shaping has little effect on turbulent transport. Since up-down symmetric surfaces do not transport momentum, this invariance to tilt implies that devices with mirror symmetry about any line in the poloidal plane will drive minimal rotation. Accordingly, further analytic investigation suggests that non-mirror symmetric flux surfaces with envelopes created by the beating of fast shaping effects may create significantly stronger momentum transport. Guided by these analytic results, we carry out local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of non-mirror symmetric flux surfaces created with the lowest possible shaping effects. First, we consider tilted elliptical flux surfaces with a Shafranov shift and find little increase in the momentum transport when the effect of the pressure profile on the equilibrium is included. We then simulate flux surfaces with independently-tilted elongation and triangularity. These two-mode configurations show a 60% increase over configurations with just elongation or triangularity. A rough analytic estimate indicates that the optimal two-mode configuration can drive rotation with an on-axis Alfven Mach number of 1.5% in an ITER-like machine.
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Solway, David. "Teaching down or learning up". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9212.

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Résumé : L'élément important que cette thèse sous-tend est que l'enseignement efficace n'est pas seulement constitué de techniques et de méthodologie, mais plutôt d'attitude et d'approche envers l'enseignement. Ceci ne veut pas nécessairement dire que plusieurs méthodes d'enseignement reçues dans un cours avec l'intention d'optimaliser les mécanismes de transmission et d'assimilation de la matière sont inappropriées. Cependant, l'absence de ce que nous pourrions définir comme un ton pédagogique est essentiel, c'est-à-dire, qu'une attitude positive à la productivité autant vis-à-vis de la matière à transmettre que vis-à-vis de l'individu impliqué dans "l'acte" de réception versus la découverte, aura davantage de succès. Toute autre méthode sera complètement inefficace, inaccessible, voire même inutile. D'emblée, dans l'hypothèse de départ, l'argument principal présente une attitude générale d'enseignement à divers échelons ; soit au niveau secondaire ou collégial qui est inappropriée, incomplète ou négative. En d'autres mots, cette approche thérapeutise l'éducation. Dans l'exercice de cette approche, l'enseignant ou l'enseignante adopte plutôt le rôle d'un thérapeute que celui d'un éducateur. De ce fait, le professeur en situation a une approche plutôt de thérapeute que celle de maître-précepteur et que la matière présentée est souvent diluée, et réduite à des niveaux d'apprentissage accompagnés de carences notoires et d'échecs académiques. Les attentes d'une performance dans le milieu académique sont souvent des plus modestes. Cette même tendance d'une éducation à la baisse est évidente aussi dans le processus d'évaluation. Il est certain que dans les disciplines non scientifiques, l'évaluation formative a grandement suivi l'évaluation normative conduisant le précepteur, tour à tour, dans une évaluation dormative dans laquelle l'effort et l'intention remplacent les aptitudes et les habilitées réelles. Si l'approche pédagogique est vraiment l'élément crucial de l'éducation, il Importe que l'approche générale influence le climat de l'éducation contemporaine, de fait, devienne un palliatif contre-productif souvent réhabilitant. De plus, cette pseudo-thérapie d'où d'écoule une attitude exigeante envers l'enseignant et l'apprenant dont le fondement est la reconnaissance des impératifs culturels qui en sont le reflet et le corps doit-être affirmé et transposé dans la réalité. Cette dernière comprend des attentes très poussées en ce qui concerne la performance en classe et aussi le respect de la matière qui contient la présentation routinière et fondamentale; renouveau intense du processus d'évaluation qui fournira des standards communs et des objectifs externes dans l'évaluation du travail de l'étudiant. Cette connaissance et domestication empirique que nous présente Vygotsky dans un climat contemporain qu'il a expliqué ces termes comme "des zones de développement proximales" basées sur la doctrine suivante que le bon apprentissage précède le développement et que conséquemment s'ensuit une pédagogie d'apprentissage plutôt qu'une pédagogie centrée sur l'apprenant. L'application significative de ces derniers principes ou de ces épistémologiques s'imbriquent dans une situation d'apprentissage ascentionnel dont la structure est détaillée et considérée par différentes perspectives de la recherche qui suit.||Abstract : The central tenet of this thesis is that effective teaching is not only and perhaps not primarily a matter of technique and methodology but of attitude and approach. This is not to say that diverse methods of classroom instruction intended to optimize the mechanics of transmission and the assimilation of data are inappropriate but that in the absence of what we might denominate as a certain pedagogical tone. that is, a productive attitude toward both the material to be conveyed and the individuel engaged in the 'act' of reception-and-discovery, even the most powerful methods will be differentially unavailing or, at best, inefficient. Given this initial assumption, the argument proceeds that the general attitude toward instruction currently in place at the secondary echelons, that is, on the high school and college levels, may be popularly represented as a 'teaching down' approach, in other words, as one which seeks to therapeuticize education. In practice this means that the teacher tends to manifest in situ more as a therapist than as a preceptor, that the material to be presented is frequently diluted or scaled down to perceived levels of cognitive (dis)ability (as is also the case with the rate of instruction), and that performance expectations in the current pedagogical milieu are commonly quite modest. The same downward trend is evident in assessment protocols as well. Certainly in the nonscientific disciplines, normative evaluation has been widely succeeded by formative evaluation, leading in turn to a peculiar kind of dormative evaluation in which intangibles such as effort and intention may deputize for realized ability. If pedagogical approach is indeed the crucial element in instruction, and if the general approach that pervades the contemporary climate of instruction is indeed counter-productively remedial or rehabilitory, that is, therapeutic, then it should follow that a more demanding attitude toward teaching and learning founded on the recognition of the culturel imperative which teaching both reflects and embodies needs to be re-affirmed and translated into practice. This latter would entail the maintenance of high expectations with regard to classroom performance, a respect for the material which precludes its routine mitigation or debasement, a renewed insistance on grading protocols that provide an external, 'objective' or communal standard against which the student's work can be measured, the empirical acknowledgment or domestication of what Vygotsky has termed "the zone of proximal development," based on the doctrine that good learning proceeds in advance of development, and conséquently, a learning-centered rather than learner-centered pedagogy. The meaningful application of this latter set of principles or epistemological gradients comprises the 'learning up' situation whose structure is excunined in some détail and considered from various perspectives in the ensuing.
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Karlsson, Rikard. "Hybrid start up/shut down vibrations". Thesis, KTH, Farkost och flyg, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-39688.

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A vehicle start/stop engine system is investigated with focus on human perception of discomfort. The FRF between engine rotational acceleration around the neutral torque axis (NTA) and seat rail acceleration with the specific interest in start up and shut down events is estimated from measurements, using a shaker torque excitation. The inverted torque sensitivity formulates a frequency dependent target of powertrain torque related to seat rail acceleration. The main rotation direction for the transversally mounted engine is the pitch-direction, yielding high acceleration levels in both longitudinal x-, and vertical z-direction compared to the lateral y-direction. Specific weighting functions are used to normalize these accelerations to human perception. Acceleration levels in x-, and z-direction at the seat rail are similar after weighting curves have been applied. The amount of discomfort experienced by a person depends on vibration amplitude, frequency, direction and time duration. However, there is no evidence on in what way a specific time dependence affects the perceived comfort. The NTA around which the engine as a rigid body rotates is experimentally estimated and verified by comparing to the reference CAD NTA. The powertrain mounting system center of gravity is assumed to be known from the CAD model. The seat rail is found to be a more convenient measurement position to use in order to achieve reproducible results rather than the seat cushion. This, since the acceleration at the cushion also depends on several other factors such as person size, weight and body posture and also on the non-linear properties of the seat foam padding.
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Libros sobre el tema "Down and Up conversions"

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Munsch, Robert N. Up, up, down. Toronto: Scholastic, 2011.

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Munsch, Robert N. Up, up, down! New York: Scholastic, 2001.

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Munsch, Robert N. Up, up, down. New York: Scholastic, 2002.

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Little Acorn & Associates, Inc y Roberta Suid, eds. Up down. Iverness, CA: Monday Morning Books, 2006.

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Up / down. New York: Benchmark Books, 2004.

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Up & down. [New York]: Little Simon, 1993.

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Staying up, up, up in a down, down, world. Nashville, Tenn: Thomas Nelson, 2000.

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Up, down, and up again. Santa Cruz, CA: American Poetry Association, 1990.

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Up and down. Unity, Me: Five Star, 2000.

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Rivière, Marc. Up and down. Paris: Ipso Facto, 1999.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Down and Up conversions"

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Zieliński, Tomasz P. "Introduction to SDR: IQ Signals and Frequency Up-Down Conversion". En Starting Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunication Engineering, 483–515. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49256-4_17.

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Agrawal, Ruchi, Manas Srivastava y Raghumani S. Ningthoujam. "Photo-Luminescent Materials: Down-Conversion, Quantum Cutting, Up-Conversion, Photo-Avalanche, Core@Shell Nanostructures". En Handbook of Materials Science, Volume 1, 25–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7145-9_2.

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Borne, Adrien, Iännis Roland, Marco Ravaro, Giuseppe Marino, Stefan Suffit, Pascal Filloux, Aristide Lemaître, Ivan Favero y Giuseppe Leo. "Nonlinear Up- and Down-Conversion in AlGaAs Microdisks Integrated in a Photonic Circuit". En NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 247–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2138-5_15.

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Bill, Kirsten. ""Thus Alle pis Thyngys Turnyng Up-so-down": Translation, Conversion and Subjectivity in The Book of Margery Kempe". En The Medieval Translator. Traduire au Moyen Age, 270–84. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tmt-eb.4.00027.

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Strathausen, Roger. "Up and Down". En Leading When You’re Not the Boss, 113–17. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1748-1_9.

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Midgley, Mary. "Up and Down". En Beast and Man, 145–64. 2a ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203380192-10.

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Devonshire-Ellis, Chris, Andy Scott y Sam Woollard. "WFOE Conversions and Closures". En Setting Up Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises in China, 49–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15540-6_3.

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Devonshire-Ellis, Chris, Andy Scott y Sam Woollard. "Joint Venture Conversions and Closures". En Setting Up Joint Ventures in China, 107–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16040-0_6.

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Auzel, F. "Up-conversions in RE-doped Solids". En Spectroscopic Properties of Rare Earths in Optical Materials, 266–319. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28209-2_5.

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Berg Hansen, Kim. "Up-and-Down Patterns". En Practical Oracle SQL, 325–49. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5617-6_17.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Down and Up conversions"

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Jaiyen, Jakaphan, Alongkom Namahoot y Prayoot Akkaraekthalin. "A 2.4-2.5 GHz Singly Balanced Diode Mixer for Up and Down Conversions". En 2006 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscit.2006.339951.

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Termos, Hassan, Thierry Rampone, Ammar Sharaiha, Ali Hamie y Ali Alaeddine. "OFDM signal up and down frequency conversions by a sampling method using a SOA-MZI". En 2017 29th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icm.2017.8268822.

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Kwiat, P. G. "The Conversion Revolution: Down, Up and Sideways". En QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTING. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1834448.

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Richards, Bryce S., Aruna Ivaturi, Sean K. W. MacDougall y Jose Marques-Hueso. "Up- and down-conversion materials for photovoltaic devices". En SPIE Photonics Europe, editado por Ralf Wehrspohn y Andreas Gombert. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.923298.

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Kwiat, Paul, Joseph Altepeter, Evan Jeffrey, Nicholas Peters y Aaron VanDevender. "Up-, down- and sideways-conversion for quantum information". En International Quantum Electronics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iqec.2004.itha1.

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Hartmann, Paul, Peter Pachler, Elisabeth L. Payrer y Stefan Tasch. "Up and down: color conversion for solid-state lighting". En SPIE OPTO: Integrated Optoelectronic Devices, editado por Klaus P. Streubel, Heonsu Jeon y Li-Wei Tu. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.809033.

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Li, Guanlin, Hongwen Li, Xiyou Chen, Mahshid Amirabadi, Xianmin Mu y Brad Lehman. "Quadratic Step-up/down Converters with Wider Conversion Ratio". En 2022 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce50734.2022.9947507.

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Song, Ming, Weiwei Guan, Guodong Liu, Meichen Yan y Shigang Zhou. "Design of the Ka-Band Up-Down Conversion Module". En 2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imws-amp53428.2021.9644026.

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Verma, Deepak, Tor O. Saetre y Ole-Morten Midtgard. "Review on up/down conversion materials for solar cell application". En 2012 IEEE 38th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2012.6318129.

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Kou, Xiaobing, Facheng Zhang, Liang Li y Guanghua Yang. "An X-band Up-down Conversion System with Variable Bandwidth". En 2022 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt55580.2022.10022704.

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Informes sobre el tema "Down and Up conversions"

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Richards, Whitman. Top-Down Influences on Bottom-Up Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada261514.

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Ordoñez, Guillermo y Facundo Piguillem. Savings and Saving Rates: Up or Down? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, mayo de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27179.

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Richards, Whitman. Top-Down Influences on Bottom-Up Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238235.

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Logan, John, Andrew Foster, Hongwei Xu y Wenquan Zhang. Income Segregation: Up or Down, and for Whom? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, abril de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27045.

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Kristanto, Gabriel Andari. Garbage went up as homes were locked down. Editado por Ria Ernunsari, Sarah Bailey y Sara Phillips. Monash University, junio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/12bc-6537.

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Doerry, Armin. Coherent Processing of Up/Down Linear Frequency Modulated Chirps. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1716574.

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Mumm, Jared M., Joseph D. Stock, Samaneh Azarpajouh, Amber Howell, Anna K. Johnson, Kenneth J. Stalder y Julia A. Calderón Díaz. Depiction of Lying Down and Standing up Sequences in Multiparous Sows. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, enero de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-346.

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Johnson, Paul y Christopher Giles. Taxes down, taxes up: the effects of a decade of tax changes. Institute for Fiscal Studies, febrero de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/co.ifs.1994.0041.

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Sammy Andrzejaczek, Sammy Andrzejaczek. Why do tiger sharks swim up and down the water column? – An up-close view of their vertical movements. Experiment, mayo de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/7190.

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Benzarti, Youssef, Dorian Carloni, Jarkko Harju y Tuomas Kosonen. What Goes Up May Not Come Down: Asymmetric Incidence of Value-Added Taxes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, septiembre de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23849.

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