Tesis sobre el tema "Données de signalisation"
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Miraoui, Hichem. "Nouvelles données sur la signalisation du FGFR2 : implications thérapeutiques dans l'ostéogenèse". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077155.
Texto completoFGF/FGFR signaling is an important regulator of osteogenesis. It controls the differentiation and life span of osteoblastic cells. However, the mechanisms regulating osteoblast differentiation in MSCs are poorly known. Using a model of constitutive activation induced by the FGFR2 mutation, we identified novel functional signaling mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Apert craniosynostosis. We show that constitutive activation of FGFR2 positively regulates EGFR and PDGFRa expression. The increased EGFR and PDGFRa signaling functionally contribute to the increased osteogenic differentiation in Apert cells. The regulation of these receptors involves transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that activate PKCa. This effect is induced in part by transcriptional activation of AP-1 (Fos/Jun), and decreased degradation of EGFR following the sequestration of Cbl by activated Sprouty2. Furthermore, we showed that FGFR2 induce osteoblast differentiation of MSCs and increase their osteogenic potential. The overexpression of FGFR2 increases thé expression of osteoblast markers phenotype and osteogenesis in vitro. This effect involves activation of ERKl/2 and PKCa signaling pathways. We also show that the silencing of Twistl promotes osteogenic differentiation in MSCs via increased expression of FGFR2 and activation of ERKl/2 and PI3K signaling pathways. The results provide new insights into the FGFR2 signaling and its implications in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and in Apert syndromic craniosynostosis, thus offering novel potential therapeutic perspectives
Gloaguen, Pauline. "Inférence automatique de modèles de voies de signalisation à partir de données expérimentales". Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4034/document.
Texto completoBiological networks, including signalling networks induced by hormones, are very complex. High-throughput experimental methods permit to approach this complexity, but to be able to use all generated data, it is necessary to create automatical inference methods to build networks. We have developped a new inference method based on the formalization of the expert’s reasoning on experimental data. This reasoning is converted into logical rules. This work requires the creation of a knowledge base which is used by an inference engine to deduce conclusions to build networks. Our method has been elaborated by the construction of the signalling network induced by the follicle stimulating hormone whose receptor belongs to the G protein-coupled receptors family. This network has also been built manually to assess our method. Then, a test has been done on the network induced by the epidermal growth factor, which binds to a tyrosine kinase receptor, to demonstrate the ability of our method to deduce differents types of signaling networks
Sultan, Alexis. "Méthodes et outils d'analyse de données de signalisation mobile pour l'étude de la mobilité humaine". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0018/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to study human activities through the analysis of the signaling flow in cellular data network (GTP). In order to achieve this goal, we implemented a set of tools allowing us to collect, store and analyze this signaling data. We created an architecture independent at most of hardware manufacturers and network operators. Using data extracted by this platform we made three main contributions. In our first contribution, we present the GTP capture and analysis platform in a mobile operator network. This work intends to list the different elements triggering updates and to estimate the temporal and spatial accuracy of the data collected. Next, we present a set of measures that represent the main characteristics of human mobility observed through the mobile signaling data (the inter-arrival time of update messages, the observed distances of hops from cell to cell made by moving users). Finally, we present the analysis of the compromise that was made between the writing/reading performances and the ease of use of the file format for the data storage. In our second contribution, we propose CT-Mapper, an unsupervised algorithm that enables the mapping of mobile phone traces over a multimodal transport network. One of the main strengths of CT-Mapper is its capability to map noisy sparse cellular multimodal trajectories over a multilayer transportation network where the layers have different physical properties and not only to map trajectories associated with a single layer. Such a network is modeled by a large multilayer graph in which the nodes correspond to metro/train stations or road intersections and edges correspond to connections between them. The mapping problem is modeled by an unsupervised HMM where the observations correspond to sparse user mobile trajectories and the hidden states to the multilayer graph nodes. The HMM is unsupervised as the transition and emission probabilities are inferred using respectively the physical transportation properties and the information on the spatial coverage of antenna base stations. Finally, in our last contribution we propose a method for cellular resource planning taking into account user mobility. Since users move, the bandwidth resource should move accordingly. We design a score based method using TV Whitespace, and user experience, to determine from which cell resource should be removed and to which one it should be added. Combined with traffic history it calculates scores for each cell. Bandwidth is reallocated on a half-day basis. Before that, real traces of cellular networks in urban districts are presented which confirm that static network planning is no longer optimal. A dynamic femtocell architecture is then presented. It is based on mesh interconnected elements and designed to serve the score based bandwidth allocation algorithm. The score method along with the architecture are simulated and results are presented. They confirm the expected improvement in bandwidth and delay per user while maintaining a low operation cost at the operator side. In conclusion, this thesis provides an overview of the potential of analyzing the signaling metadata of a network in a broader context that supervision of an operator network
Sultan, Alexis. "Méthodes et outils d'analyse de données de signalisation mobile pour l'étude de la mobilité humaine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0018.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to study human activities through the analysis of the signaling flow in cellular data network (GTP). In order to achieve this goal, we implemented a set of tools allowing us to collect, store and analyze this signaling data. We created an architecture independent at most of hardware manufacturers and network operators. Using data extracted by this platform we made three main contributions. In our first contribution, we present the GTP capture and analysis platform in a mobile operator network. This work intends to list the different elements triggering updates and to estimate the temporal and spatial accuracy of the data collected. Next, we present a set of measures that represent the main characteristics of human mobility observed through the mobile signaling data (the inter-arrival time of update messages, the observed distances of hops from cell to cell made by moving users). Finally, we present the analysis of the compromise that was made between the writing/reading performances and the ease of use of the file format for the data storage. In our second contribution, we propose CT-Mapper, an unsupervised algorithm that enables the mapping of mobile phone traces over a multimodal transport network. One of the main strengths of CT-Mapper is its capability to map noisy sparse cellular multimodal trajectories over a multilayer transportation network where the layers have different physical properties and not only to map trajectories associated with a single layer. Such a network is modeled by a large multilayer graph in which the nodes correspond to metro/train stations or road intersections and edges correspond to connections between them. The mapping problem is modeled by an unsupervised HMM where the observations correspond to sparse user mobile trajectories and the hidden states to the multilayer graph nodes. The HMM is unsupervised as the transition and emission probabilities are inferred using respectively the physical transportation properties and the information on the spatial coverage of antenna base stations. Finally, in our last contribution we propose a method for cellular resource planning taking into account user mobility. Since users move, the bandwidth resource should move accordingly. We design a score based method using TV Whitespace, and user experience, to determine from which cell resource should be removed and to which one it should be added. Combined with traffic history it calculates scores for each cell. Bandwidth is reallocated on a half-day basis. Before that, real traces of cellular networks in urban districts are presented which confirm that static network planning is no longer optimal. A dynamic femtocell architecture is then presented. It is based on mesh interconnected elements and designed to serve the score based bandwidth allocation algorithm. The score method along with the architecture are simulated and results are presented. They confirm the expected improvement in bandwidth and delay per user while maintaining a low operation cost at the operator side. In conclusion, this thesis provides an overview of the potential of analyzing the signaling metadata of a network in a broader context that supervision of an operator network
Laville, Vincent. "Analyses génomiques de données sur le vieillissement cutané". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1006/document.
Texto completoThe skin is an excellent model to study general ageing. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors play a key role in skin ageing mechanisms. During my PhD, I have had access to a unique cohort of 502 Caucasian women very-well characterized regarding their facial features to perform two genome-wide association studies. The first one pointed to the role of the immune system, and especially the HLA‑C gene, in the severity of facial lentigines. The second one identified an association between the H2AFY2 gene and the severity of superior eyelid drooping. I also looked for associations between biological pathways and several skin ageing indicators which underlined the role of the melanogenesis and several mechanisms of DNA repair.Overall, these results lead to new insights in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying skin and global ageing
Scholler, Rémy. "Analyse de données de signalisation mobile pour l’étude de la mobilité respectueuse de la vie privée : Application au secteur du transport routier de marchandises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD001.
Texto completoMobile network operators have a significant data source derived from communications of all connected objects (not just smartphones) with the network. These signaling data is a massive source of location data and are regularly used for the mobility analysis. However, potential uses face two major challenges: their low spatiotemporal precision and their highly sensitive nature concerning privacy.In the first phase, the thesis work enhances the understanding of the mobility state (stationary or in motion), speed, direction of movement of connected objects, and the route they take on a transportation infrastructure (e.g., road or rail).In the second phase, we demonstrate how to ensure the confidentiality of continuously produced mobility statistics. The use of signaling data, whether related to users or various connected objects, is legally regulated. For the study of mobility, operators tend to publish anonymized statistics (aggregated data). Specifically, the aim is to calculate complex and anonymized mobility statistics "on the fly" using differential privacy methods and probabilistic data structures (such as Bloom filters).Finally, in the third phase, we illustrate the potential of signaling data and the proposed approaches in this manuscript for quasi-real-time calculation of anonymous statistics on road freight transport. However, this is just an example of what could apply to other subjects analyzing population behaviors and activities with significant public and economic policy implications
Bécavin, Christophe. "Reduction de dimensionalité et analyse des réseaux de voies de signalisation pour les données de transcriptome: Appliquation à la caractérisation des cellules T". Phd thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563238.
Texto completoDurieu, Cécile. "Algorithmes de localisation d'un robot mobile dans un milieu balisé par mesures de distance ou d'angle de gisement en tenant compte des données aberrantes : algorithmes de calibration et recalage du champ de balises". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112039.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses algorithms for the localisation of a mobile robot in a beaconed environment. A bibliographical study of different sensors and localization-navigation algorithms for mobile robots allows us to describe the proposed solution : non-sophisticated sensors giving easy-to-compute data. Two kinds of sensors are studied : an ultrasonic/infra-red telemeter with active beacons and a goniometer with passive beacons. A statistical model has been established from a theoretical study of measurement errors. This model is used to compare different localization algorithms and to analyse the feasibility of the sensors. Optimization algorithms giving the robot position while using at best all the beacons data are then studied. We use a reweighted least square criterion. Two iterative methods are compared, the gradient algorithm and the Newton-Gauss method, at first with exact data then with noisy data. We conclude that the second order method is the best one and that we obtain a quasi-efficient estimator of the robot position. Results form previous sections allow us to design a coherence test used to detect and reject aberrant data. An algorithm to find the position of the vehicle when its position is not known form vrevious measurements is then described. This method takes aberrant data into account. An identification method for non-coded beacons is also given, as well as an algorithm for the initial calibration of the field of beacons. Some beacons being portable, we give a method to relocate their position, in the Kalman filtering formalism. Finally, using the same formalism, a data fusion algorithm is used to obtain a better-estimation of the robot position by using information given by the beacons and by a system, measuring the displacements of the vehicle
Redondin, Maxime. "Approches de classifications à partir de données fortement censurées pour l'analyse de fiabilité et la définition de stratégies de maintenance : application aux marquages routiers dans un contexte de véhicules autonomes". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1118/document.
Texto completoThe quality and reliability of road infrastructure and its equipment play a major role in road safety. This is especially true if we are interested in autonomous car traffic. Recent papers from VEDECOM Institut proves that a clear and reliable road marking is important in it decison making. Marking lanes are detected by camera. These markings need an accurate maintenance strategy to guarantee that the markings remain perceptible. This report proposes different solutions based on the reliabilty and maintenance theory. Today, the markings reliability is based on the retroreflective illuminance. A retroreflective marking reflects light from a vehicle headlight back in the direction of the driver. Marking retroreflectivity can be dynamically inspected using a retroreflectometer. The litterature of the last thirty years proposes degradation models for retroreflective marking based on a regression model. All of them have a common weakness: they are difficult to apply directly to a given road network. This report presents maintenance models who math with current maintenance actions. A marking lane is interpreted as multi-unit systeme. All unit are laid in parallel. The global maintenance strategy is based on four points. First, the whole inspection data is formalized into one monitoring base. If inspection data is missing or if the maintenance historic is unavailable else an estimation process based on the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) is proposed. Second, to replace a whole markings lane is logistically difficult to work. Again, an AHC of the monitoring proposed several clusters. Each cluster presents it own degradation model. Clusters are geographically tracked and correlated to specific situation (interchange, urban area, bypass...). That's why a cluster is interpreted as a maintenance strategic area. Thirdly, a Weibull analysis of each cluster is done. Current retroreflectometers cannot detects the exact faillure moment. this information is statistically censored. Three cases are identified : left, right and interval censored. To parameter a Weibull model, an EM Algorithm is propoased as an alternative to the Maximum Likelihood Estimator. This algorithm is also an estimator to censored markings life time. Lastly, two classic preventive maintenance strategies are proposed : systematic according to the age and conditionned to the current degradation. Each one is credible according the current maintenance practice. The first prposed a passsive managament of the markings maintenance. The second ensures an advanced knowledge of the road network over the time. On a multi-unit system no-repairable and strongly censored, units which admit the same degradation model are identified by a clustering approach. Each cluster present it own Weibull analysis. Finally, an adapted maintenance strategy is done
Wipliez, Matthieu. "Infrastructure de compilation pour des programmes flux de données". Phd thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAR0033.
Texto completoThe work presented in this thesis takes place in a context of growing demand for better video quality (High-Definition TV, home cinema. . . ) and unprecedented concern for power consumption. The limitations and lack of flexibility of current video standards make it increasingly long and complicated to implement standards on embedded systems. A new standard called Reconfigurable Video Coding aims to solve these problems by describing video coding with dataflow programs. A dataflow program is a program represented as a directed graph where vertices are computational units and edges represent the flow of data between vertices. This thesis presents a compilation infrastructure for dataflow programs that can compile these programs to a simple, high-level Intermediate Representation (IR). We show how this IR can be used to analyze, transform, and generate code for dataflow programs in many languages, from C to hardware description languages
Galland, Marc. "Identification par des approches phénotypiques, transcriptomiques et bioinformatiques de gènes clés d'Arabidopsis thaliana impliqués dans l'interaction avec la bactérie bénéfique Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20181.
Texto completoThe presence in the plant rhizosphere of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) leads to an increase of plant growth. However, the plant genetic elements that are required during this beneficial interaction are still largely unknown. A better knowledge of the plant signaling components that are targeted by PGPR would help to improve the use of PGPR in agriculture as it would be possible to select plant varieties more sensitive to the beneficial effect of PGPR. In the LSTM, the team uses a biological model formed by the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the PGPR Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196 discovered in the rhizosphere of oil-seed rape. With the help of phenotypic, transcriptomics and Bioinformatics approaches, we had the opportunity to discover genetic targets of STM196 in Arabidopsis. The involvement of the F - box protein EBF2 in the root hair elongation triggered by the bacteria has been highlighted. Moreover, we have confirmed a role for ZAT10 and WRKY46 transcription factors in the H202 accumulation and PAL activity repression induced by STM196. Finally, in collaboration with bioinformaticians, we have developed an online tool called "Virtual Lab Book on Arabidopsis" (database and Web interface). In the future, this tool should help in the identification of new genetic targets of STM196 through the meta-analysis of our experiments
Asgari, Fereshteh. "Inferring user multimodal trajectories from cellular network metadata in metropolitan areas". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0005/document.
Texto completoAround half of the world population is living in cities where different transportation networks are cooperating together to provide some efficient transportation facilities for individuals. To improve the performance of the multimodal transportation network it is crucial to monitor and analyze the multimodal trajectories, however obtaining the multimodal mobility data is not a trivial task. GPS data with fine accuracy, is extremely expensive to collect; Additionally, GPS is not available in tunnels and underground. Recently, thanks to telecommunication advancement cellular dataset such as Call Data Records (CDRs), is a great resource of mobility data, nevertheless, this kind of dataset is noisy and sparse in time. Our objective in this thesis is to propose a solution to this challenging issue of inferring real trajectory and transportation layer from wholly cellular observation. To achieve these objectives, we use Cellular signalization data which is more frequent than CDRs and despite their spatial inaccuracy, they provide a fair source of multimodal trajectory data. We propose 'CT-Mapper’ to map cellular signalization data collected from smart phones over the multimodal transportation network. Our proposed algorithm uses Hidden Markov Model property and topological properties of different transportation layers to model an unsupervised mapping algorithm which maps sparse cellular trajectories on multilayer transportation network. Later on, we propose ‘LCT-Mapper’ an algorithm to infer the main mode of trajectories. The area of study in this research work is Paris and region (Ile-de-France); we have modeled and built the multimodal transportation network database. To evaluate our proposed algorithm, we use real trajectories data sets collected from a group of volunteers for a period of 1 month. The user's cellular signalization data was provided by a french operator to assess the performance of our proposed algorithms using GPS data as ground truth. An extensive set of evaluation has been performed to validate the proposed algorithms. To summarize, we have shown in this work that it is feasible to infer the multimodal trajectory of users in an unsupervised manner. Our achievement makes it possible to investigate the multimodal mobility behavior of people and explore and monitor the population flow over multilayer transportation network
Asgari, Fereshteh. "Inferring user multimodal trajectories from cellular network metadata in metropolitan areas". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0005.
Texto completoAround half of the world population is living in cities where different transportation networks are cooperating together to provide some efficient transportation facilities for individuals. To improve the performance of the multimodal transportation network it is crucial to monitor and analyze the multimodal trajectories, however obtaining the multimodal mobility data is not a trivial task. GPS data with fine accuracy, is extremely expensive to collect; Additionally, GPS is not available in tunnels and underground. Recently, thanks to telecommunication advancement cellular dataset such as Call Data Records (CDRs), is a great resource of mobility data, nevertheless, this kind of dataset is noisy and sparse in time. Our objective in this thesis is to propose a solution to this challenging issue of inferring real trajectory and transportation layer from wholly cellular observation. To achieve these objectives, we use Cellular signalization data which is more frequent than CDRs and despite their spatial inaccuracy, they provide a fair source of multimodal trajectory data. We propose 'CT-Mapper’ to map cellular signalization data collected from smart phones over the multimodal transportation network. Our proposed algorithm uses Hidden Markov Model property and topological properties of different transportation layers to model an unsupervised mapping algorithm which maps sparse cellular trajectories on multilayer transportation network. Later on, we propose ‘LCT-Mapper’ an algorithm to infer the main mode of trajectories. The area of study in this research work is Paris and region (Ile-de-France); we have modeled and built the multimodal transportation network database. To evaluate our proposed algorithm, we use real trajectories data sets collected from a group of volunteers for a period of 1 month. The user's cellular signalization data was provided by a french operator to assess the performance of our proposed algorithms using GPS data as ground truth. An extensive set of evaluation has been performed to validate the proposed algorithms. To summarize, we have shown in this work that it is feasible to infer the multimodal trajectory of users in an unsupervised manner. Our achievement makes it possible to investigate the multimodal mobility behavior of people and explore and monitor the population flow over multilayer transportation network
Martin, Jean-Max. "Reseaux de donnees abstraites et application aux protocoles de signalisation". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30059.
Texto completoLiesecke, Franziska. ""Coupable par association" : exploitation de ressources transcriptomiques pour la construction de réseaux de co-expression de gènes dédiés à l'élucidation de voies cellulaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3802.
Texto completoWith the rise of high throughput technologies able to provide a large-scale view of transcriptomes, a highamount data has been produced. This work focuses on publicly available data reuse to construct gene coexpressionnetworks for metabolic or signalling pathways elucidation. The final aim of this work, was toprovide a methodology for candidate gene identification and thus focuses on (i) the choice of an appropriateddistance to evaluate similarity between gene expression profiles, (ii) the identification of a minimal numberof samples to be included in the expression matrix in order to construct robust co-expression networks, andfinally (iii) the comparison of targeted co-expression networks built with the Pathway Level Co-expression(PLC) approach and using guide genes coding actors of the Multi Step Phosphorelay (MSP) among differentspecies
Martin, Jean-Max. "Réseaux de données abstraites et application aux protocoles de signalisation". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375996555.
Texto completoBESSERER, BERNARD. "Reconnaissance de formes a partir d'une structure de donnees multiresolution, application a la reconnaissance de la signalisation routiere". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21516.
Texto completoOshurko, Ievgeniia. "Knowledge representation and curation in hierarchies of graphs". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN024.
Texto completoThe task of automatically extracting insights or building computational models fromknowledge on complex systems greatly relies on the choice of appropriate representation.This work makes an effort towards building a framework suitable for representation offragmented knowledge on complex systems and its semi-automated curation---continuouscollation, integration, annotation and revision.We propose a knowledge representation system based on hierarchies of graphs relatedwith graph homomorphisms. Individual graphs situated in such hierarchies representdistinct fragments of knowledge and the homomorphisms allow relating these fragments.Their graphical structure can be used efficiently to express entities and their relations. Wefocus on the design of mathematical mechanisms, based on algebraic approaches to graphrewriting, for transformation of individual graphs in hierarchies that maintain consistentrelations between them. Such mechanisms provide a transparent audit trail, as well as aninfrastructure for maintaining multiple versions of knowledge.We describe how the developed theory can be used for building schema-aware graphdatabases that provide schema-data co-evolution capabilities. The proposed knowledgerepresentation framework is used to build the KAMI (Knowledge Aggregation and ModelInstantiation) framework for curation of cellular signalling knowledge. The frameworkallows for semi-automated aggregation of individual facts on protein-protein interactionsinto knowledge corpora, reuse of this knowledge for instantiation of signalling models indifferent cellular contexts and generation of executable rule-based models
Courcelles, Mathieu. "Identification de nouveaux substrats des kinases Erk1/2 par une approche bio-informatique, pharmacologique et phosphoprotéomique". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7070.
Texto completoPhosphorylation is an omnipresent post-translational modification of proteins that regulates numerous cellular processes. This modification is controlled by the enzymatic activity of protein kinases and phosphatases. Erk1/2 kinases are central to an important signaling pathway that modulates translation, cell cycle, cytoskeleton rearrangement and transcription. They are also implicated in organism development, glucose metabolism, immune response and memory. Different human pathologies such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and most importantly cancer, are associated with misregulation or mutations in members of this pathway. Considering the biological and clinical importance of those two kinases, discovering the extent of their enzymatic activity could favor the development of new pharmacological therapies. In this context, the principal objective of this thesis was to measure the influence of this pathway on the phosphoproteome and to discover new substrates of the Erk1/2 kinases. A phosphoproteomics study on the pharmacological inhibition kinetics of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway was initiated. The success of this study was based on three key technologies such as phosphopeptides enrichment with titanium dioxide, high-throughput and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the development of ProteoConnections, a bioinformatics analysis platform. This platform is dedicated to organize proteomics data, evaluate data quality, report changes of abundance and accelerate data interpretation. A distinctive functionality of ProteoConnections is the annotation of phosphorylated sites (kinases, domains, structures, conservation, phospho-dependant protein interactions, etc.). This information was essential for the dataset analysis of 9615 phosphorylated sites identified on 2108 proteins during the study, which is, until now, the largest one reported for rat. Protein domain analysis revealed that domains implicated in proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules binding were the most frequently phosphorylated and that these sites are strategically located to affect the interactions. An algorithm was implemented to find Erk1/2 kinases potential substrates of identified sites using their phosphorylation motif, serum stimulation and Mek1/2 inhibition kinetic profile. A list of 157 potential Erk1/2 substrates was obtained. Twelve of them were previously reported and many more have functions associated to known substrates. Six substrates (Ddx47, Hmg20a, Junb, Map2k2, Numa1, and Rras2) were confirmed by in vitro kinase assays with Erk1. Our immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that the phosphorylation of Hmg20a on serine 105 by Erk1/2 affects the nucleocytoplasmic localization of this protein. Finally, phosphopeptides positional isomers, peptides with the same amino acids sequence but phosphorylated at different positions, were studied with two new algorithms. This study allowed us to determine their frequency in an enriched phosphopeptide extract and to evaluate their separation by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. An analytical strategy that uses one of the algorithms was developed to do a targeted mass spectrometry analysis to discover the isomers that had been missed by the conventional method.