Tesis sobre el tema "Données à historique"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Données à historique".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Durif, Agnès. "Phobie sociale : historique et données actuelles". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23070.
Texto completoSpéry, Laurent. "Historique et mise à jour de données géographiques : application au cadastre français". Avignon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AVIG1020.
Texto completoBui, Quang Ngoc. "Aspects dynamiques et gestion du temps dans les systèmes de bases de données généralisées". Grenoble INPG, 1986. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00321849.
Texto completoZorn, Caroline. "Données de santé et secret partagé : pour un droit de la personne à la protection de ses données de santé partagées". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN20011.
Texto completoThe medical professional secret is a legal exception to the professional secret; it allows a patient's caregivers to exchange health information that is relevant to that patient's care without being punished for revealing confidential information. That caregivers discuss patient's health information with other medical professional involved in that patient's care is to the benefit of the patient. Nonetheless, there is a fine balance to be struck between a "need to know" professional exchange of information, which is essential to care of the patient, and a broad exchange of information, which may ultimately comprise the confidentiality of the patient's private life. The emergence of an electronic tool, which multiplies the potential possibilities for data exchange, further disrupts this balance. Consequently, the manipulation of this shared health information must be subject to the medical professional secret, the "Informatique et Libertés" legislation, and all of the numerous norms and standards as defined by the French national electronic medical record (DMP), the pharmaceutical medical record (Dossier pharmaceutique), or the reimbursement repository (Historique des remboursements). As the patient's health information is increasingly shared between health care providers - through means such as the DMP or DP - the patient's right and ability to control the access to his/her health information have to become more and more important. A study regarding the importance of obtaining the patient's consent lead to the following proposal: to inscribe in the French Constitution the patient's right to confidentiality regarding health information
Boleda, Mario. "Démographie historique des Andes : évaluation de certaines méthodes d'estimation du régime démographique à l'époque moderne". Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/boleda_m.
Texto completoDemographic dynamics estimations on historical population are frequently done by methods designed to be applied when data are lacking or incomplete. In this thesis, it is proposed an empirical test for several of these methods: the stable and quasi-stable models, that were elaborated by Coale & Demeny (1966) and the inverse projection designed by R. Lee as it is included in the POPULATE solution, a software produced by Robert McCaa and H Pérez Brignoli. Methods appeared to be seriously biaised. Differences between direct mesures and estimates coming from the tested methods were much larger than expected. Researchers are going to be using these techniques in the next future, waiting for a new and better procedure. Researchers can now apply the correction factors that we obtained from our experimental study based on the Quebec population
Matonda, Sakala Igor. "Le bassin de l'Inkisi à l'époque du royaume Kongo: confrontation des données historiques, archéologiques et linguistiques". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/250381.
Texto completoDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cauvin-Hardy, Clémence. "Optimisation de la gestion du patrimoine culturel et historique à l’aide des méthodologies avancées d’inspection". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC057.
Texto completoThe objective of the thesis is to optimize the management of cultural and historical building heritage using advanced inspection methodologies with HeritageCare project.The answer to this problem is detailed in five chapters: (1) a state of the art of preventive management methodologies, the HeritageCare project and the identification of the state of degradation, (2) the implementation of the general methodology on preventive management is decomposed into 4 steps (anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy and control), (3) proposal of aggregation models (4), results of the application of the management approach preventive and finally (5) the application of models. These make it possible to prioritize the buildings on the basis of 37 criteria organized into sub-criteria and indicators, highlight the decision-making of the owners on the basis of a criticality matrix combining the values of the indicators, determine the useful life of the buildings with the deterioration curves, propose and prioritize maintenance actions based on a developed database.The methodology is illustrated by its application on fourteen buildings representing the French cultural and historical heritage
Ahmed-Chaouch, Nabil. "Analyse historique et comparative des deux villes : la vieille ville d'Aix-en-Provence, la médina de Constantine à l'aide des S.I.G. : Comparaison historique et géographique de la croissance de deux villes méditerranéennes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3025.
Texto completoMany fields of applications use spatial representations. This is the case of architecture, town planning or geography. The acquisition of these spatial datas in town planning these last years has experienced a significant progress with the introduction of new instruments. This acquisition allows to get urban support analysis at different levels of details and for different purposes. This thesis proposes an approach to combine two disciplines, the urban typomorphology and geomatics. We have explained the central notion of morphological process, the different steps of operation peculiar to the historical analysis for the treatment of map datas with the GIS instrument, primarily our work consist to explore the GIS contribution to the historical data treatment and analysis. We focused particularly on the approach to complete typomorphological potential interpretive and descriptive. Our thesis work has been made from different stages, we can mention the construction of a formal classification, concepts related to the historical development and morphology of Constantine and Aix-en-Provence. Starting from this urban history compare the two cities has established a chronology of the evolution of urban forms, to better understand the challenges each of these latter. Specifically, this work allows us to contribute to improving the mastery of the urban project. Finally tracks are proposed to continue this work by exploiting the platform exploration of 3D representation proved very useful for making historical analysis
Bottard, Sylvie. "Gestion du risque sismique, développement d'une méthodologie probabiliste pour l'évaluation de l'aléa sismique en France : application aux données de sismicité historique et instrumentale". Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090009.
Texto completoLanglois, Vincent. "Couple de friction métallique de nouvelle génération en arthroplastie totale primaire de hanche : historique, données actuelles et résultats préliminaires d'une série de 54 cas". Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23022.
Texto completoBouaziz, Lycette. "Moyen âge, passions et pouvoir maudit : étude de l'exploitation littéraire des sources et des données historiques dans "Les Rois maudits" (tomes V, VI, VII) de Maurice Druon : thèse". Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002520970204611&vid=upec.
Texto completoThe challenge of tracing back the history of the Middle Age by interpreting some historians' psychology accounts to some extent for his psychological portraits to be somewhat different from reality. The medieval reality uncovered through the dramatic art and the critics of M. Druon leads to a metamorphosis of the Middle Age. The three parts of this thesis respectively emphasize three major aspects of this historical period : the dull Middle Age is less the one of Jacques de molay's malediction than that of characters with fiendish passions. In the second part, M. Druon reveals the power from a committed writer is shown. In the third part, M. Druon reveals the malfunctioning of a bloody XIVth century, wellreal, that led to the terrible Hundred Years' War. So the originality of M. Druon consists in combining his detailed documentation with his own interpretation of the psychology of some historians
Michon, Philippe. "Vers une nouvelle architecture de l'information historique : L'impact du Web sémantique sur l'organisation du Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8776.
Texto completoGentilhomme, Théophile. "Intégration multi-échelles des données de réservoir et quantification des incertitudes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0089/document.
Texto completoIn this work, we propose to follow a multi-scale approach for spatial reservoir properties characterization using direct (well observations) and indirect (seismic and production history) data at different resolutions. Two decompositions are used to parameterize the problem: the wavelets and the Gaussian pyramids. Using these parameterizations, we show the advantages of the multi-scale approach with two uncertainty quantification problems based on minimization. The first one concerns the simulation of property fields from a multiple points geostatistics algorithm. It is shown that the multi-scale approach based on Gaussian pyramids improves the quality of the output realizations, the match of the conditioning data and the computational time compared to the standard approach. The second problem concerns the preservation of the prior models during the assimilation of the production history. In order to re-parameterize the problem, we develop a new 3D grid adaptive wavelet transform, which can be used on complex reservoir grids containing dead or zero volume cells. An ensemble-based optimization method is integrated in the multi-scale history matching approach, so that an estimation of the uncertainty is obtained at the end of the optimization. This method is applied on several application examples where we observe that the final realizations better preserve the spatial distribution of the prior models and are less noisy than the realizations updated using a standard approach, while matching the production data equally well
Bernard, Guillaume. "Détection et suivi d’événements dans des documents historiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS032.
Texto completoCurrent campaigns to digitise historical documents from all over the world are opening up new avenues for historians and social science researchers. The understanding of past events is renewed by the analysis of these large volumes of historical data: unravelling the thread of events, tracing false information are, among other things, possibilities offered by the digital sciences. This thesis focuses on these historical press articles and suggests, through two opposing strategies, two analysis processes that address the problem of tracking events in the press. A simple use case is for instance a digital humanities researcher or an amateur historian who is interested in an event of the past and seeks to discover all the press documents related to it. Manual analysis of articles is not feasible in a limited time. By publishing algorithms, datasets and analyses, this thesis is a first step towards the publication of more sophisticated tools allowing any individual to search old press collections for events, and why not, renew some of our historical knowledge
Manrique, Tito. "Functional linear regression models : application to high-throughput plant phenotyping functional data". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT264/document.
Texto completoFunctional data analysis (FDA) is a statistical branch that is increasingly being used in many applied scientific fields such as biological experimentation, finance, physics, etc. A reason for this is the use of new data collection technologies that increase the number of observations during a time interval.Functional datasets are realization samples of some random functions which are measurable functions defined on some probability space with values in an infinite dimensional functional space.There are many questions that FDA studies, among which functional linear regression is one of the most studied, both in applications and in methodological development.The objective of this thesis is the study of functional linear regression models when both the covariate X and the response Y are random functions and both of them are time-dependent. In particular we want to address the question of how the history of a random function X influences the current value of another random function Y at any given time t.In order to do this we are mainly interested in three models: the functional concurrent model (FCCM), the functional convolution model (FCVM) and the historical functional linear model. In particular for the FCVM and FCCM we have proposed estimators which are consistent, robust and which are faster to compute compared to others already proposed in the literature.Our estimation method in the FCCM extends the Ridge Regression method developed in the classical linear case to the functional data framework. We prove the probability convergence of this estimator, obtain a rate of convergence and develop an optimal selection procedure of theregularization parameter.The FCVM allows to study the influence of the history of X on Y in a simple way through the convolution. In this case we use the continuous Fourier transform operator to define an estimator of the functional coefficient. This operator transforms the convolution model into a FCCM associated in the frequency domain. The consistency and rate of convergence of the estimator are derived from the FCCM.The FCVM can be generalized to the historical functional linear model, which is itself a particular case of the fully functional linear model. Thanks to this we have used the Karhunen–Loève estimator of the historical kernel. The related question about the estimation of the covariance operator of the noise in the fully functional linear model is also treated.Finally we use all the aforementioned models to study the interaction between Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) and Leaf Elongation Rate (LER) curves. This kind of data is obtained with high-throughput plant phenotyping platform and is well suited to be studied with FDA methods
Heidari, Leila. "Calage d'historiques de réservoirs pétroliers par le filtre de Kalman d'ensemble et des méthodes de paramétrisation". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00581082.
Texto completoPellen, Nadine. "Hasard, coïncidence, prédestination… et s’il fallait plutôt regarder du côté de nos aïeux ? : analyse démographique et historique des réseaux généalogiques et des structures familiales des patients atteints de mucoviscidose en Bretagne". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS004S.
Texto completoThe population at the root of this study is composed of patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from cystic fibrosis and having lived in Brittany some time in the course of the past fifty years. Their ancestry was traced back with the help of genealogy centres and brought together more than 250 000 kinspeople. The resulting data base, built up from these patients’ genetic and genealogical characteristics, was then used to study how the demographic patterns of the past could explain the frequency and geographical distribution of cystic fibrosis as it appears in today’s Brittany. The carriers who share the same CF mutation are kindreds. The mapping of their common ancestors’ living places shows a differential distribution, depending on specific CF mutations. These genetic relatednesses enable us to trace back the route followed by the CF gene. At the ancestors’ level, we observed marital unions at an early age, particularly for women, and frequent remarriage, particularly for men. As a consequence, married couples were prolific, thus allowing more genetic transmissions. And the geographical stability that prevailed at the time of the wedding does not seem to produce genetic diversity. Moreover, we reckoned that in terms of life expectancy there might be some selective advantage to being a healthy carrier. Inbreeding - a cause frequently referred to as an explanation for the large number of CF affected patients in Brittany - was in no way a key factor in this study. Only 0,8 % were born from first or second cousin unions. At the ancestors’ level, we must go back to the 7th generation to see a higher proportion of close kinship. Therefore, more often than consanguinity, endogamy tends to carry on a certain degree of genetic homogeneity. CF frequency of occurrence and its Breton distribution today can be accounted for by the presence of a harmful gene combined with high fertility, a relatively settled population with a limited availability of possible partners, and the selective advantage this harmful gene was for healthy carriers. This study helps to increase historical, geographical and social knowledge of CF throughout successive generations. Lt enables us to have a collective more than individual approach of the CF mutation. Lt also has t a prospective effect as a tool for the testing center and the staff
Brillaud, Elodie Le Baut Guillaume. "ESB données historiques, physiopathologiques et aspects réglementaires /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHbrillaud.pdf.
Texto completoHourcade, Hugo. "Énumération de motifs temporels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS079.
Texto completoIn regards to the study of interactions of agents inside a system, the search for behavioural patterns has numerous applications. The temporal graphs I consider in this thesis present history length tau, which is to say the number of temporal instants between the first instant t0 and the last instant tf for which G is not empty, greater than multiple millions. I aim at minimizing the impact of tau on the spacial and temporal complexities of my algorithms Given Delta an intenger, the enumeration of Delta-modules is the enumeration of all vertex subsets A of a temporal graph L(V,E,T) such that for all temporal instant t in an interval of Delta or more consecutive time instants, instantaneous neighbourhoods of each vertex of A outside A are equal. I present an algorithm using partition refinment and red-black tree data structures in order to enumerate Delta-modules in time quadratic in tau. Enumeration of Delta-twins, for which |A|=2 is done in time logarithmic in tau with memory use independant of tau. Given H(V',E',T') a temporal graph called pattern, enumeration of subgraphs of L(V,E,T) isomorphic to H is the enumeration of all pairs formed of a temporal instant t0 of T and a bijection f from V' to a subset A of V such that for each temporal instant between t0 and t0+tau', vertices of H display the exact same behaviour between them at instant t than their images by f in L at time instant t0+t. I present an algorithme enumerating isomorphic temporal subgraphs in time linear of tau. After having presented and demonstrated correction and complexities of said algorithms, I conduct an experimental study in order to confirm behaviour of my algorithms
Eckert, Nicolas. "Couplage données historiques - modélisation numérique pour la prédétermination des avalanches : une approche bayésienne". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003404.
Texto completoEl, Shabrawy Atef. "Comportement des ouvrages historiques soumis à des sollicitations sismiques : apport de la modélisation numérique par la méthode des éléments distincts". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL121N.
Texto completoMichel, Franck. "Intégrer des sources de données hétérogènes dans le Web de données". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4002/document.
Texto completoTo a great extent, the success of the Web of Data depends on the ability to reach out legacy data locked in silos inaccessible from the web. In the last 15 years, various works have tackled the problem of exposing various structured data in the Resource Description Format (RDF). Meanwhile, the overwhelming success of NoSQL databases has made the database landscape more diverse than ever. NoSQL databases are strong potential contributors of valuable linked open data. Hence, the object of this thesis is to enable RDF-based data integration over heterogeneous data sources and, in particular, to harness NoSQL databases to populate the Web of Data. We propose a generic mapping language, xR2RML, to describe the mapping of heterogeneous data sources into an arbitrary RDF representation. xR2RML relies on and extends previous works on the translation of RDBs, CSV/TSV and XML into RDF. With such an xR2RML mapping, we propose either to materialize RDF data or to dynamically evaluate SPARQL queries on the native database. In the latter, we follow a two-step approach. The first step performs the translation of a SPARQL query into a pivot abstract query based on the xR2RML mapping of the target database to RDF. In the second step, the abstract query is translated into a concrete query, taking into account the specificities of the database query language. Great care is taken of the query optimization opportunities, both at the abstract and the concrete levels. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we have developed a prototype implementation for MongoDB, the popular NoSQL document store. We have validated the method using a real-life use case in Digital Humanities
Frau, Roberto. "Utilisation des données historiques dans l'analyse régionale des aléas maritimes extrêmes : la méthode FAB". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1051/document.
Texto completoThe protection of coastal areas against the risk of flooding is necessary to safeguard all types of waterside structures and, in particular, nuclear power plants. The prevention of flooding is guaranteed by coastal protection commonly built and verified thanks to the definition of the return level’s concept of a particular extreme event. Return levels linked to very high return periods (up to 1000 years) are estimated through statistical methods based on the Extreme Value Theory (EVT). These statistical approaches are applied to time series of a particular extreme variable observed and enables the computation of its occurrence probability. In the past, return levels of extreme coastal events were frequently estimated by applying statistical methods to time series of local observations. Local series of sea levels are typically observed in too short a period (for sea levels about 50 years) in order to compute reliable estimations linked to high return periods. For this reason, several approaches are used to enlarge the size of the extreme data samples and to reduce uncertainties of their estimations. Currently, one of the most widely used methods in coastal engineering is the Regional Analysis. Regional Analysis is denoted by Weiss (2014) as a valid means to reduce uncertainties in the estimations of extreme events. The main idea of this method is to take advantage of the wide spatial availability of observed data in different locations in order to form homogeneous regions. This enables the estimation of statistical distributions of enlarged regional data samples by clustering all extreme events occurred in one or more sites of the region. Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of using past events when estimating extreme events. When historical data are available, they cannot be neglected in order to compute reliable estimations of extreme events. Historical data are collected from different sources and they are identified as data that do not come from time series. In fact, in most cases, no information about other extreme events occurring before and after a historical observation is available. This, and the particular nature of each historical data, do not permit their use in a Regional Analysis. A statistical methodology that enables the use of historical data in a regional context is needed in order to estimate reliable return levels and to reduce their associated uncertainties. In this manuscript, a statistical method called FAB is developed enabling the performance of a Regional Analysis using historical data. This method is formulated for POT (Peaks Over Threshold) data. It is based on the new definition of duration of local and regional observation period (denominated credible duration) and it is able to take into account all the three typical kinds of historical data (exact point, range and lower limit value). In addition, an approach to identify an optimal sampling threshold is defined in this study. This allows to get better estimations through using the optimal extreme data sample in the FAB method.FAB method is a flexible approach that enables the estimation of return levels both in frequentist and Bayesian contexts. An application of this method is carried out for a database of recorded skew surges (systematic data) and for 14 historical skew surges recovered from different sites located on French, British, Belgian and Spanish coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel and the North Sea. Frequentist and Bayesian estimations of skew surges are computed for each homogeneous region and for every site. Finally, this manuscript explores the issues surrounding the finding and validation of historical data
Dumenieu, Bertrand. "Un système d'information géographique pour le suivi d'objets historiques urbains à travers l'espace et le temps". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0157.
Texto completoGeographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly used for leading historical studies because of their ability to display, store and share geo-historical data. They provide an opportunity for exploring and analyzing spatialized phenomena and the interactions between such phenomena and spatial dynamics. To achieve this goal, GIS have to manage spatio-temporal data describing the transformations of geographical entities. These data are also highly imperfect since knowledge about the past is only available through imprecise or uncertain historical sources such as maps. To date, no GIS is able to integrate, manage and analyze such imperfect data. In this thesis, we focus on the integration of spatio-temporal data about urban space extracted from historical topographic maps on the city of Paris. We propose a process that allows to create spatio-temporal graphs from geohistorical vector data extracted from georeferenced maps of the city. After the analysis of the maps and the measure of their spatial and temporal imperfections, we propose a spatio-temporal model named geohistorical graph and a semi-automatic spatio-temporal data matching process able to build such graphs from vector data extracted from old topographic maps. Our method is tested and validated on the street networks of Paris extracted from maps covering the period from the late XVIIIth century to the late XlXth century
Leprêtre, Jean-Marc. "Alcoolisme et peau : apercu historique et donnees actuelles ; a propos d'une revue de la litterature". Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMM043.
Texto completoRajab, Ali. "Le Maroc et l'affaire du Sahara occidental : les données historiques, politiques, économiques et juridiques du problème". Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20013.
Texto completoJouanne, François. "Mesure de la déformation actuelle des Alpes occidentales et du Jura par comparaison de données géodésiques historiques". Phd thesis, Chambéry, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723714.
Texto completoLangouët, Hoël. "Optimisation sans dérivées sous contraintes : deux applications industrielles en ingénierie de réservoir et en calibration des moteurs". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671987.
Texto completoCasallas-Gutiérrez, Rubby. "Objets historiques et annotations pour les environnements logiciels". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004982.
Texto completoTardy, Benjamin. "Méthodes d'exploitation de données historiques pour la production de cartes d'occupation des sols à partir d'images de télédétection et en absence de données de référence de la période à cartographier". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30261.
Texto completoThe study of continental surfaces is a major global challenge for the monitoring and management of territories, particularly in terms of the distribution between urban expansion, agricultural land and natural areas. In this context, land cover maps characterizing the biophysical cover of land are an essential asset for the analysis of continental surfaces. Supervised classification algorithms allow, from annual time series of satellite images and reference data, to automatically produce the map of the corresponding period. However, reference data is expensive information to obtain, especially over large areas. Indeed, field survey campaigns require a high human cost, and databases are associated with long update times. In addition, these reference data are valid only for the corresponding period due to changes in land use. These changes mainly concern urban expansion at the expense of natural areas, and agricultural land subject to crop rotation. The general objective of the thesis is to propose methods for producing land cover maps without exploiting the reference data of the corresponding period. The work carried out is based on the creation of a land cover history. This history includes all the information available for the area of interest: land cover maps, image time series, reference data, classification models, etc. A first part of the work considers that the history contains only one period. Thanks to this history we proposed a \g{naïve} classification approach allowing to use a classifier already trained, over a new period. The performances obtained shown that this approach is insufficient, thus requiring more efficient methods. Domain adaptation makes it possible to address this type of problem. We considered two approaches: data projection via canonical correlation analysis and optimal transport. These two approaches allow the historical data to be projected in order to reduce differences with the year to be processed. Nevertheless, these approaches offer results equivalent to the naive classification for much more significant production costs. [...]
Durand, Raphaël. "La mort chez les Bituriges Cubes. Approches archéologiques et données biologiques d'une cité de Gaule romaine". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337828.
Texto completoPour cela, nous avons établi un corpus répertoriant plus de 400 sites. Intégré à un SIG, il nous a permis d'observer la répartition des gisements funéraires sur le territoire. Les deux points les plus remarquables sont la différence d'implantation entre les sites funéraires et ceux d'habitats et le hiatus existant entre les nécropoles du Haut-Empire et celles de l'Antiquité tardive.
Après avoir sélectionné cinq sites, nous avons entrepris une analyse de plus de 1200 sépultures en associant données archéologiques et anthropologiques pour apporter de nouveaux éléments de réflexions à la compréhension des pratiques funéraires gallo-romaines. Dans le cas des sépultures à incinération, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressé aux gestes de collecte et de stockage des restes du défunt. Pour les inhumations, nous avons surtout porté notre attention sur les apports des données biologiques à la définition des regroupements familiaux ou sociaux.
L'ensemble de ces données souligne l'existence de faciès locaux au sein de la cité et met en évidence l'importance du contexte archéologique dans lequel s'inscrit la nécropole pour la caractérisation des gestes funéraires.
Blaise, Jean-Yves. "Le formalisme objet appliqué à l'étude de l'édifice patrimonial : Problèmes de modélisation et d'échanges de données sur le réseau Internet". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268228.
Texto completoNous montrons qu'une analyse a priori du corpus d'éléments physiques formant l'édifice peut grandement en faciliter l'étude. Mesure, représentations et documentation, trois exemples d'applications abordés, deviennent dans ce cadre des processus visant à renseigner le modèle et ses instances. Nous montrons que la compréhension globale de l'édifice bâti et de son évolution est mieux assurée.
Payrastre, Olivier. "Faisabilité et utilité du recueil de données historiques pour l'étude des crues extrêmes de petits cours d'eau - Etude du cas de quatre bassins versants affluents de l'Aude". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001792.
Texto completoPayrastre, Olivier Renaud. "Faisabilité et utilité du recueil de données historiques pour l'étude des crues extrêmes de petits cours d'eau : étude du cas de quatre bassins versants affluents de l'Aude". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENPC0033.
Texto completoKuentz, Anna. "Un siècle de variabilité hydro-climatique sur le bassin de la Durance : Recherches historiques et reconstitutions". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0047/document.
Texto completoUnderstanding and predicting hydrological variability is becoming a major issue to improve water resources management at the watershed scale, as climate variability and multipurpose use of water increase stress on the available resources. In France, the Durance watershed (South part of the Alps) is both characterised by numerous water-related activities such as hydropower, irrigation, water supply, tourism, and by a wide range of meteorological contexts ranging from mountainous to dry Mediterranean watersheds. As a consequence, this watershed appears as very sensitive to observed and projected climate variability, with an impact on water resources sufficient to question the current balance between users. In order to better forecast the Durance watershed hydrological variability, tracing back its past evolution is an essential step. Indeed, historical knowledge provides a better understanding of how the watershed works, and put into perspective hydro meteorological projections for the next century. The main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is then to improve our knowledge of the hydrological variability of the Durance watershed over the last century. Two main themes have been developed.The first step focused on historical research, bringing to light 11 centennial time-series of daily streamflow on the Durance watershed. Those data were quite well documented, allowing us to follow the evolution of the methods used to construct some of those time-series. Based on recent streamflow time-series, a simulation process allowed us to quantify the uncertainty associated to the methods used in the past, and to highlight the significant biases they carried on some periods of time. A correction process was then developed, leading to the partial revision of some of the time-series. A second step involved reconstructing hydrological time-series at different points of the watershed. An original method, called ANATEM, has been introduced and exhaustively applied to rebuild climatological time-series at the watershed scale. This method is based on the use of large scale climatological variables (atmospheric pressure fields) combined with regional scale observations (observed precipitation or air temperature). Those reconstructed climatological time-series were then prescribed in a rainfall-runoff model, allowing the computation of hydrological simulations on the 1884-2010 period. The comparison of the simulated data with our 11 centennial observed time series allowed us to validate our hydro-climatological reconstruction chain over more than a century. Finally, the observed and simulated time-series illustrate the climatological and hydrological variability of the Durance watershed. This variability is characterised by the succession of alternatively dry and humid periods lasting for ten to fifteen years, and by a slight trend to streamflow decrease. These long-term hydrological time-series will then put into perspective future investigations on water resources available over the next century
Saint-Marc, Cécile. "Formalisation et géovisualisation d'événements historiques issus de risques naturels pour la compréhension des dynamiques spatiales : application aux inondations ayant touché le système ferroviaire français". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS024/document.
Texto completoThis research was led in an industrial partnership with SNCF Réseau. In the field of geovisualization of spatio-temporal information, it focuses on developing cartographical visualization methods adapted to the analysis of the impacts of floods on the railway system.Historical events are of great help to understand and manage natural risks. Cartography became a key tool to analyze risks in their territorial contexts. But making maps which remain legible while showing all the complexity of risk processes that occurred during natural disaster is not easy. The main challenges are the need to represent both the temporal and the spatial dimensions of risk events, the need to visualize domino-effect, because they often lead to worsen damages, and the will to adapt representations to the cognitive capacities of users.This research resulted in four contributions. The first one is the formalization of flood narratives in a domain ontology, which describes flood events, domino-effects, their impacts on the railway system and also response measures to restore the system. Five case studies of historical floods were instantiated in the model. Resulting from their study, the second contribution consists in generic semiology principles to visualize the narratives of floods on maps. The third contribution is a geovisualization interface, which includes original graphical representations to visualize the temporal features associated with flood events. This geovisualization interface was tested in an experiment with expert users of the railway field. Results confirmed the proposals of representation of time but disconfirm proposals of visualization of domino effects. The analysis of results led to the fourth contribution, which consists in a reusable model of an experimental procedure that is adapted to test geovisualization interfaces
Rousseau, Anne. "Jacques Bertin et la chanson poétique : un art à la première personne : analyse littéraire, musicale et scénique à partir de données biographiques, historiques et critiques /". Lille : A.N.R.T, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390576856.
Texto completoGouriou, Thomas. "Evolution des composantes du niveau marin à partir d'observations de marégraphie effectuées depuis la fin du 18ème siècle en Charente-Maritime". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818425.
Texto completoEdwards, José Miguel. "Joyful economists : étude des relations historiques entre analyse économique et analyse psychologique du point de vue de "l'économie du bonheur"". Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010063.
Texto completoKuentz, Anna. "Un siècle de variabilité hydro-climatique sur le bassin de la Durance : Recherches historiques et reconstitutions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0047.
Texto completoUnderstanding and predicting hydrological variability is becoming a major issue to improve water resources management at the watershed scale, as climate variability and multipurpose use of water increase stress on the available resources. In France, the Durance watershed (South part of the Alps) is both characterised by numerous water-related activities such as hydropower, irrigation, water supply, tourism, and by a wide range of meteorological contexts ranging from mountainous to dry Mediterranean watersheds. As a consequence, this watershed appears as very sensitive to observed and projected climate variability, with an impact on water resources sufficient to question the current balance between users. In order to better forecast the Durance watershed hydrological variability, tracing back its past evolution is an essential step. Indeed, historical knowledge provides a better understanding of how the watershed works, and put into perspective hydro meteorological projections for the next century. The main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is then to improve our knowledge of the hydrological variability of the Durance watershed over the last century. Two main themes have been developed.The first step focused on historical research, bringing to light 11 centennial time-series of daily streamflow on the Durance watershed. Those data were quite well documented, allowing us to follow the evolution of the methods used to construct some of those time-series. Based on recent streamflow time-series, a simulation process allowed us to quantify the uncertainty associated to the methods used in the past, and to highlight the significant biases they carried on some periods of time. A correction process was then developed, leading to the partial revision of some of the time-series. A second step involved reconstructing hydrological time-series at different points of the watershed. An original method, called ANATEM, has been introduced and exhaustively applied to rebuild climatological time-series at the watershed scale. This method is based on the use of large scale climatological variables (atmospheric pressure fields) combined with regional scale observations (observed precipitation or air temperature). Those reconstructed climatological time-series were then prescribed in a rainfall-runoff model, allowing the computation of hydrological simulations on the 1884-2010 period. The comparison of the simulated data with our 11 centennial observed time series allowed us to validate our hydro-climatological reconstruction chain over more than a century. Finally, the observed and simulated time-series illustrate the climatological and hydrological variability of the Durance watershed. This variability is characterised by the succession of alternatively dry and humid periods lasting for ten to fifteen years, and by a slight trend to streamflow decrease. These long-term hydrological time-series will then put into perspective future investigations on water resources available over the next century
Mechkour, Mourad. "Emir2 : un modèle étendu de présentation et de correspondance d'images pour la recherche d'informations : application a un corpus d'images historiques". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10201.
Texto completoCanavaggio, Jean-François. "TEMPOS : un modèle d'historiques pour un SGBD temporel". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004924.
Texto completoHaloubi, Ahmad. "Les Plantes des terrains salés et désertiques, vues par les anciens arabes confrontation des données historiques avec la classification des végétaux, leur état et leur répartition actuels en Proche-Orient /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376142123.
Texto completoFlores, Ignacio. "On the empirical measurement of inequality". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E003/document.
Texto completoThe 1st chapter presents historical series of Chilean top income shares over a period of half a century, mostly using data from tax statistics and national accounts. The study contradicts evidence based on survey data, according to which inequality has fallen constantly over the past 25 years. Rather, it changes direction, increasing from around the year 2000. Chile ranks as one of the most unequal countries among both OECD and Latin American countries over the whole period of study. The 2nd chapter measures the underestimation of factor income in distributive data. I find that households receive only half of national gross capital income,as opposed to corporations. Due to heterogeneous non-response and misreporting, Surveys only capture 20% of it, vs. 70% of labor income. This understates inequality estimates, which become insensitive to the capital share and its distribution. I formalize this system based on accounting identities. I then compute marginal effects and contributions to changes in fractile shares. The 3rd chapter, presents a method to adjust surveys. These generally fail to capturethe top of the income distribution. It has several advantages over previous ones: it is consistent with standard survey calibration methods; it has explicit probabilistic foundations and preserves the continuity of density functions; it provides an option to overcome the limitations of bounded survey-supports; and it preserves the microdata structure of the survey
Brard, Caroline. "Approche Bayésienne de la survie dans les essais cliniques pour les cancers rares". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS474/document.
Texto completoBayesian approach augments the information provided by the trial itself by incorporating external information into the trial analysis. In addition, this approach allows the results to be expressed in terms of probability of some treatment effect, which is more informative and interpretable than a p-value and a confidence interval. In addition, the frequent reduction of an analysis to a binary interpretation of the results (significant versus non-significant) is particularly harmful in rare diseases.In this context, the objective of my work was to explore the feasibility, constraints and contribution of the Bayesian approach in clinical trials in rare cancers with a primary censored endpoint. A review of the literature confirmed that the implementation of Bayesian methods is still limited in the analysis of clinical trials with a censored endpoint.In the second part of our work, we developed a Bayesian design, integrating historical data in the setting of a real clinical trial with a survival endpoint in a rare disease (osteosarcoma). The prior incorporated individual historical data on the control arm and aggregate historical data on the relative treatment effect. Through a large simulation study, we evaluated the operating characteristics of the proposed design and calibrated the model while exploring the issue of commensurability between historical and current data. Finally, the re-analysis of three clinical trials allowed us to illustrate the contribution of Bayesian approach to the expression of the results, and how this approach enriches the frequentist analysis of a trial
Kurdy, Micheline. "Outils numériques et Archéologie du bâti - Acquisition, gestion et représentation de données 3D : Deux cas d’étude : Le site de Saint-Syméon (Syrie) Et L’abbaye de Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa (France)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3040.
Texto completoNowadays, the heritage architectural studies benefit of the contributions of diverse digital methods and open new perspectives for the conservation, the analyses and the knowledge sharing especially on complex sites. Those new tools and techniques have become common and very useful presently, but how much they become common or indispensable for architectural and archeological studies? How do they fit into the different phases of the research work?We will discuss these principal questions by working mainly on two experimented sites, the site of Saint-Simeon the stylite in Syria and the abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa in France. The methodology used for the analysis and the elevation restoration is based on the digital tools and acquisition techniques and of three-dimensional information management and also on their setting relation with archaeological issues to build a dialogue between these two domains. Based on this reflection, we have developed a work protocol in scale of monographic study of a specific building in Saint Simeon site “the Residence”. This research is based on a combination of digital tools applied on this building for its analysis and by using them as a privileged instrument to support archaeological reflection, not an end in itself.The main contribution of this thesis focuses on the methodology and the ethics of the use of 3D digital service in archaeological approach, from the filed acquisition till the restitution representations. This approach highlights several axes, dynamism and interactivity of the work, the multidisciplinary and the collectivity context, the objective of documentation and diffusion
Pister, Alexis. "Visual Analytics for Historical Social Networks : Traceability, Exploration, and Analysis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG081.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at identifying theoretically and concretely how visual analytics can support historians in their social network analysis process. Historical social network analysis is a method to study social relationships between groups of actors (families, institutions, companies, etc.) through a reconstruction of relationships of the past from historical documents, such as marriage acts, migration forms, birth certificates, and censuses. The use of visualization and analytical methods lets social historians explore and describe the social structure shaping those groups while explaining sociological phenomena and individual behaviors through computed network measures. However, the inspection and encoding of the sources leading to a finalized network is intricate and often results in inconsistencies, errors, distortions, and traceability problems, and current visualization tools typically have usability and interpretability issues. For these reasons, social historians are not always able to make thorough historical conclusions: many studies consist of qualitative descriptions of network drawings highlighting the presence of motifs such as cliques, components, bridges, etc. The goal of this thesis is therefore to propose visual analytics tools integrated into the global social historians' workflow, with guided and easy-to-use analysis capabilities. From collaborations with historians, I formalize the workflow of historical network analysis starting at the acquisition of sources to the final visual analysis. By highlighting recurring pitfalls, I point out that tools supporting this process should satisfy traceability, simplicity, and document reality principles to ease bask and forth between the different steps, provide tools easy to manipulate, and not distort the content of sources with modifications and simplifications. To satisfy those properties, I propose to model historical sources into bipartite multivariate dynamic social networks with roles as they provide a good tradeoff of simplicity and expressiveness while modeling explicitly the documents, hence letting users encode, correct, and analyze their data with the same abstraction and tools. I then propose two interactive visual interfaces to manipulate, explore, and analyze this data model, with a focus on usability and interpretability. The first system ComBiNet allows an interactive exploration leveraging the structure, time, localization, and attributes of the data model with the help of coordinated views and a visual query system allowing users to isolate interesting groups and individuals, and compare their position, structures, and properties. It also lets them highlight erroneous and inconsistent annotations directly in the interface. The second system, PK-Clustering, is a concrete proposition to enhance the usability and effectiveness of clustering mechanisms in social network visual analytics systems. It consists in a mixed-initiative clustering interface that let social scientists create meaningful clusters with the help of their prior knowledge, algorithmic consensus, and interactive exploration of the network. Both systems have been designed with continuous feedback from social historians, and aim to increase the traceability, simplicity, and document reality of visual analytics supported historical social network research. I conclude with discussions on the potential merging of both tools, and more globally on research directions towards better integration of visual analytics systems on the whole workflow of social historians. Systems with a focus on those properties---traceability, simplicity, and document reality---can limit the introduction of bias while lowering the requirements for the use of quantitative methods for historians and social scientists which has always been a controversial discussion among practitioners
Beslagic, Sarah. "Histoire des interactions entre les sociétés humaines et le milieu aquatique durant l'Anthropocène : évolutions des peuplements piscicoles dans le bassin de la Seine". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010656/document.
Texto completoIn France, the Seine River basin has been harshly impacted by anthropogenic pressures since the Industrial revolution. Fish community is expected to be disturbed by these human pressures on aquatic environment. This thesis aimed to highlight the factors involved in the changes of fish species spatial distribution over the last two centuries using both historical and ecological approaches. The analysis of historical data of fish distributions on the Seine River basin showed some important modifications of fish communities (i.e. species introductions and extinctions) at the catchment scale, since the beginning of the XIXth century. The comparative study based on historical abundances and actual data showed that certain species have changed their distribution area. Besides, substantial evolutions in fish assemblages occurred in certain rivers, probably in relation to anthropogenic pressures acting at different spatial and temporal scales. This study confirms the interest of an interdisciplinary approach to improve knowledge of ecosystems' history. Nevertheless, future researches are still needed to better understand the effects of local factors on fish distribution area
Yang, Xiucheng. "3D modeling of built heritage : from geometric models to HBIM". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD054/document.
Texto completoHeritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is a major issue in heritage documentation and conservation. The obtained HBIM model provides a parametric and semantic description of the heritage elements. This thesis presents methods for the generation of HBIM models from point clouds (obtained by photogrammetry or laser scanning), surface mesh and solid geometry. A concept of solid/mesh-to-HBIM is proposed using Autodesk Dynamo visual programming, which transfers the parametric “Family” and geometric structures to parametric and semantic HBIM models. The parametric HBIM modelling process involves conventional manual parametric “Family” creation and semi-automated building reconstruction by Dynamo. The semantic HBIM modelling process directly transfers the segmented solid geometry and closed mesh-to-BIM environment. The segmented elements can be stored and managed in the BIM environment with attached attributes information and relationships established among the elements
Rolin, Raphaël. "Contribution à une démarche numérique intégrée pour la préservation des patrimoines bâtis". Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2450/document.
Texto completoThroughout this work, the main objective is to validate the relevance of construction and use of geometric or parametric 3D models BIM or hBlM-oriented for numerical analyzes. These include structural studies in the case of historic buildings, as well as planning for restoration work, energy renovation and rehabilitation. Complementary data mining and use of point clouds for the detection, segmentation and extraction of geometric features have also been integrated into the work and proposed methodology. The process of data processing, geometric or parametric modeling and their exploitation, proposed in this work, contributes to improve and understand better the constraints and stakes of the different configurations and conditions related to the case studies and the specific constraints specific to the types of constructions. The contributions proposed for the different geometric and parametric modeling methods from point clouds are addressed by the construction of geometric models BIM or hBlM-oriented. Similarly, the process of surface detection, extraction of data and elements from point clouds are presented. The application of these modeling methods is systematically illustrated by different case studies, all of whose relative work has been carried out within the framework of this thesis. The goal is therefore to demonstrate the interest and relevance of these numerical methods according to the context, needs and studies envisaged, for example with the spire of the Senlis cathedral (Oise) and the Hermitage site (Oise). Numerical analyzes with finite element method are used to validate the relevance of these approaches