Tesis sobre el tema "Documents historiques"
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Bernard, Guillaume. "Détection et suivi d’événements dans des documents historiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS032.
Texto completoCurrent campaigns to digitise historical documents from all over the world are opening up new avenues for historians and social science researchers. The understanding of past events is renewed by the analysis of these large volumes of historical data: unravelling the thread of events, tracing false information are, among other things, possibilities offered by the digital sciences. This thesis focuses on these historical press articles and suggests, through two opposing strategies, two analysis processes that address the problem of tracking events in the press. A simple use case is for instance a digital humanities researcher or an amateur historian who is interested in an event of the past and seeks to discover all the press documents related to it. Manual analysis of articles is not feasible in a limited time. By publishing algorithms, datasets and analyses, this thesis is a first step towards the publication of more sophisticated tools allowing any individual to search old press collections for events, and why not, renew some of our historical knowledge
Villetard, Magali. "L'hôpital de Tonnerre d'après ses documents d’archives historiques (1789-1814)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100066/document.
Texto completoAt the end of the 18th Century, Tonnerre hospital is relatively prosperous.Founded by the Queen of Sicily at the end of the 13th C, it berefitted from a financial inheritance allows it to continue it's charitable vocation as it's founder had wished.But the revolution arrives and up sets, an institution which has been working well for centuries.The whole of hospital life is affected the administration, the finance, the religion and the care of the patients. The suppression of the fendal laws, then the confiscation of it's financial support, pushes the hospital into financial ruin.Then, when it was about to close in Summer year III, it's land was finally returned and with it prospect of a new future.It took 15 years to recover, both administratively and financially and big 1810, the hospital could be proud to have found it's prosperity of before the revolution. But as time passes the future becomes darkes and the hospital suffers from the Napoleonic wars.Many french and foreign soldiers arrive to be treated at the hospital and this increases the finance and personel needed to run the institution wich afterwards is bonbed and occupied by the enemy.Twice in 25 years Tonnerre Hospital suffers two destructive incidents. Many institutions would not have recovered, however each time Tonnerre hospital recuperates and continues to move on sure that it has an exceptionnal role to play and a heaver sent heritage
Fizaine, Florian. "Transcription de documents historiques avec des algorithmes de Deep Learning". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK095.
Texto completoOur work is part of a research project led by the Archives of the Côte-d'Or Department, the "Lettres en Lumière" project, which aims to adapt artificial intelligence algorithms to the automatic transcription of historical documents held by the Archives. At the beginning of the project, these documents were selected from the 18th century manuscripts of the Registres des Délibérations des Etats de Bourgogne.Today's most competitive approaches to automatic transcription of handwritten texts involve a two-step process: optimal segmentation of the lines of the text, followed by the actual transcription process, in which the characters are deciphered to reconstruct the words of the text.After a first chapter describing the context of the project, in the second chapter we present our study on the optimal segmentation of text lines. Our choice of line segmentation method turned on two main deep learning algorithms: Unet and MaskRCNN. This choice was based on a thorough state-of-the-art review of the various segmentation algorithms. We show that MaskRCNN, which is an instance segmentation algorithm, performs best in the case of optimized line extraction from handwritten text.Our work on line transcription, described in chapter three, led us, after a thorough study of the state of the art, to select architectures based on Transformer neural networks. We show that the Transformer TrOCR neural network, combined with our line segmentation algorithm, allows us to achieve transcriptions with a maximum error rate per character of 3.4%.While the results obtained and presented in these chapters suggest that a transcription platform usable by the general public interested in paleography could be made available in the short term, a major problem arises concerning the excessive use of computational resources related to the underlying complexity of AI algorithms. To solve this major problem, many artificial intelligence researchers are working on frugal AI.In this context, in Chapter 4, we propose an approach to line-of-text transcription based on bio-inspired neural networks. More specifically, we rely on spiking neural networks (SNNs). After a thorough study of the state of the art in such networks, we decided to use the Spikformer neural network, which we optimized for line-of-text transcription. We show that our bio-inspired approach is advantageous and promising: a maximum error rate per character of 4.2% for typed texts and 12.7% for texts simulating handwriting. This study is the first in the literature to tackle such a complex application for this type of network and demonstrates the interest in pursuing this avenue of research
Lanfranca, Dario. "L’autonomie politique en Sicile entre nationalisme et mafia dans les documents historiques et les textes littéraires". Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083965.
Texto completoThis dissertation focuses on Sicilian political culture and its history, particularly in connection with the concept of autonomy. It analyzes historical documents and literary texts that all bear traces of this political culture with its complex, unique, and shadowy character. The first articulations of autonomy in specifically ideological terms appear in the early forms of national rhetoric mobilized after the Sicilian Vespers. Within nationalist discourse, the aspiration for self-government remains inseparable from efforts to eliminate a central pole of power, displacing and distributing authority, transferring it instead to the hands of the local governing classes who form peripheral power nodes. When contextualized within the long history of Sicilian political culture and its main traditions, the so-called conquest of the Special Sicilian Statute granted at the end of the Second World War appears in a new light. This dissertation also examines the failure of the industrial model for development in the 60 years following the approval of the statute and its articles concerning the economic riparazionismo, which sought to provide reparation for the historic damage caused by the Italian state and its practice of allocating funding but not defining timetables. Analysis of the stakes that nationalism and autonomy put in play throughout the history of the island highlights the centerpiece of the Sicilian political system : the use of violence as an instrument to manage tensions caused by peripheral nodes of power administering economic and financial resources. The history of this political violence leads us to investigate certain aspects of the origins of the Mafia in the 19th century and of its development in the 20th century
Sceau, Richard. "Lyon et ses campagnes : héritages historiques et mutations contemporaines". Lyon 2, 1994. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1994/sceau_r.
Texto completoBaas, Vincent Le Bourgeois Frank Leroy-Turcan Isabelle. "Numérisation et valorisation des archives historiques de Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne dans l'Ain". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessride/rsbaas.pdf.
Texto completoDugast, Fabienne. "Les édifices de spectacles antiques de Gaule Narbonnaise : documents iconographiques, interprétations, restaurations". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402971.
Texto completoMolnar, Goitein Margalit. "Sh'chur : texte cinématographique et document historique socioculturel". Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083002.
Texto completoA cinematographic analysis of the film and a research on the sociocultural, historical background of the Israeli society in the '70s, as reflected in the film. An analysis of the media reaction and the public conflict triggered by the controversial issues in the film
Nguyen, Thi duong. "Les médecines traditionnelles au Viêtnam à l'époque de la colonisation française (1862-1945)". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7069.
Texto completoIn the 19th and 20th centuries, the Western expansion in some of East Asia countries and in the world provoked deep changes in the Vietnamese society. In the period of 1862-1945, Vietnam was under the regime of the French colonization. In the field of public health and medicine, Western medicine was used officially in spite of the existence of Vietnamese medicines. How did the Vietnamese, in particular the actors who were traditionally involved in the medical assistance of the people, react to protect and develop their traditional medicines while the French colonial medical policy was established officially? What were their attitudes toward Western medicine? And do the texts produced by these Vietnamese medical practitioners bear a trace of this encounter? This dissertation, entitled “The traditional medicines in Vietnam during the French colonization (1862-1945)”, studies specifically the modalities of the encounter between Vietnamese medicines and Western medicine. To do so, this dissertation is based on a rich corpus of original sources written in French, Hán Nôm and Quốc ngữ : the French colonial archives, the imperial archives and the historical documents of Nguyen’s court, the contemporary medical literature and some specialized or general journals
Ndione, Joseph. ""Les Ethiopiques" d'Héliodore : document historique sur Méroé ou fiction romanesque". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21001/document.
Texto completoThe literary and historical reflection in which we take an interest here, concerns the Meroitic Kingdom such as presented in the works of Greek and Roman authors, particularly Heliodorus. Aethiopika of Heliodorus, composed in the third century A.D., constituted a romantic narrative rich in descriptions of the land of the Ethiopians. Its originality lies in the fact that it conserves testimonies likely to establish a field of experience for the modern reader in search of information on the Meroitic Kingdom. Heliodorus does not only take interest in the geography and in the society of Meroe, but also in its language and its writings, in its religion and its economy. During almost all the millennium which separates Homer from Heliodorus, a whole tradition had been shaped, and then perpetuated, on the Ethiopians' ways of life. In order to gauge the value of Heliodorus' data, we appeal to archaeological discoveries and the body of Ethiopian references in ancient literature. Homer, the epic and tragic poets, the philosophers, Herodotus, the Hellenistic authors, Diodorus Siculus, Strabo and Pliny the Elder, constitute the main axes of our investigations. Certainly, the image of the Ethiopian Kingdom in the ancient texts is not always clear, but the contribution of these authors in the reconstruction of Ethiopian history cannot be hidden. Compilers in numerous cases, they recapitulate past and contemporary historical trends. So, the Ethiopian testimonies are reviewed to allow us to picture Aethiopika's outlines and to define the image and the reality of Heliodorus' Ethiopians. In approaching a subject which is not without interest, it is important that we should place this novel in a literary and historical perspective. Our project is not the pursuit of a subject. In its itinerary through the Greek and Latin literary genres, it presents itself as the collection of testimonies that would be the echo of a reality such as it could be perceived by the authors who bequeathed the pages that lie before us today. This study teaches us the mentality, the tastes and the ways of life of the Ethiopians. It develops around three major axes. The first concerns the study of Heliodorus' work and life. The attentive examination, in the novel, of the way that Heliodorus sees things, the way he imagines Ethiopia, brings us round to wondering about the author and the architecture of his novel. For what concerns the second axis, we try to understand the interpretatio of Ethiopia. In other words, what were the characteristics of Meroe? How did the metropolis of the Ethiopians appear before the eyes of the Ancients? And what ideas where they able to make of it? Finally, these questions raise yet one more question, our third axis of study, on the share of construction and imagination as opposed to the real Ethiopia in Aethiopika. Insofar as one of our concerns is to analyze the gap between reality and its representation, it is advisable to wonder if Heliodorus' testimonies raise commonplaces, mental images, stereotypes or reality
Couturier, Bastien. "Monuments historiques radiés : caractérisation de la valeur monumentale par l'étude des annulations de protection". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2031/document.
Texto completoIn France there are more than 44.236 listed buildings, whose diversity of architectural typolo-gies increased significantly these last decades (industrials buildings, modern constructions, etc.). However, this diversification will entail the loss of criteria specifying the monuments which are meant to be preserved. This doctoral thesis is thus focused on the processes of pat-rimonialisation and on selection rules of buildings considered for listing. To be precise, this study relates to the opposite fact: thereviews, the cancellations of protections and therefore the delisting of buildings, in France, since 1990. This research aims to highlight the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of delisting requests – a net increase, mostly in the city centres - and thus to get an overall picture of the situation on inheritance evolution and on process for listing or delisting
OLIVEIRA, MARCO ANTONIO DE. "BRÉSILIEN MÉTHODISME THEOLOGIE SOCIALE: ANALYSE DES PRÉSUPPOSITIONS HISTORIQUES ET THÉOLOGIQUES DU DOCUMENT CREDO SOCIAL". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19661@1.
Texto completoLa théologie sociale brésilienne du méthodisme (TSBM), imprégnée par l héritage wesleyen et ses accents démarcateurs sociaux, est présentée comme proposition de renouvellement éclesial pour la pastorale protestante brésilienne et latine. Ses éléments de base, comme la responsabilité sociale, l option préférentielle pour les pauvres, opprimés et impuissants, et le fort accent écumenique sont des facilitateurs de nouvelles directions à la fois pour le méthodisme latin, un pendule en permanent débat de théologie conservatrice / progressive, ainsi que pour le mouvement évangélique. La TSMB évoque, dans sa praxis pastorale proposée, le radicalisme de l Evangile du Royaume proclamé par Jésus. Par conséquent, à cette époque de résurgence de la théologie fondamentaliste, plus intéressée par la construction de châteaux forts, des empires économiques dénominationnels, maintenus par une spiritualité aliénée et aliénante, qui n’ont pas comment tenir compte de la réalité historique, la pertinence et la signification des activités pastorales libératrices dessinées par le Credo Social Methodiste grandissent en invitant la pastorale des églises à la conversion en Jésus-Christ, dans son projet d établir le Royaume de Dieu, justice, vérité et égalité.
A teologia social do Metodismo brasileiro (TSMB), fecundada pela herança wesleyana, seus acentos sociais demarcadores, se apresenta como salutar proposta de renovação eclesial para a pastoral protestante brasileira e latina. Seus elementos constituintes basilares, responsabilidade social, opção preferencial pelos pobres, oprimidos e indefesos, e o forte acento ecumênico, são possibilitadores de novos rumos tanto para o Metodismo latino, constantemente se debatendo num pêndulo teológico conservador/progressista, assim como para o movimento evangélico. A TSMB evoca em sua práxis pastoral proposta a radicalidade do Evangelho do Reino anunciado por Jesus. Por isso, neste momento de ressurgimento de teologias fundamentalistas, mais interessadas na construção de castelos fortificados, de impérios econômicos denominacionais, mantidos por uma espiritualidade alienada e alienante que não tem como dar conta da realidade histórica, a relevância e significado da práxis pastoral libertadora desenhada pelo Credo Social Metodista crescem, convidando a pastoral das Igrejas à conversão em Cristo Jesus, ao seu projeto de estabelecimento do Reino de Deus, de justiça, de verdade e igualdade.
Ezzdine, Rana. "Endommagement des monuments historiques en maçonnerie". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13787/document.
Texto completoMonumental stone is exposed to alteration caused by physical, chemical and biological mechanisms of degradation. With time, these mechanisms can destruct the monument epidermis and endanger the structure stability. The complex mechanisms of stone degradation are not fully understood. Our scientific knowledge is incomplete. Within the framework of the maintenance of historical monuments, a study of Blaye limestone alteration is realized with the collaboration of the European project Medachs and the town hall of Blaye. Our study can be divided into two major parts : an in-situ study and a laboratory study. The on site study consists on measuring the temperature evolution at the internal and external surface of a chosen stone in the building as well as the temperature evolution at the air in the inside and the outside of the building and at three depths in the stone. A numerical model is built in order to estimate the thermal conductivity of the stone based on the measurements results. The model consists on considering that the stone is composed of three layers characterized with three different values of the thermal conductivity. These values are estimated by using an optimization algorithm (Powell). The thermal conductivity varies with the porosity and thus can be considered as an indicator of the stone damage On the other hand, the laboratory study is realized in two stages. At first, the physical and the mechanical parameters of the original material are estimated by carrying out different measurements (relative density, porosiy, ultrasonic velocity, and compressive resistance). The samples that were used for the measurements were extracted from the local quarry. Then two types of accelerated ageing tests were realized : salt crystallization and hydro-thermal cycles. The results of the tests showed a low resistance of the material especially to salt crystallization. At the end, the results of the in-situ and the laboratory study show the fragility of the material and highlight the need and the importance of a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms. The effect of the environmental conditions should be included in the studies in order to have a clear image about the variation of the material resistance to salt crystallization with the exposure conditions (temperature, type of salts, etc.)
Reverdy-Médélice, Isabelle. "La valorisation du patrimoine : problèmes méthodologiques, limites et enjeux de la restitution archéologique et historique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH024/document.
Texto completoThe aim of my thesis was to offer a detailed study of an area which, if regularly used for the extension of Archaeology and History, has never been so far the subject of a specific study, according to our knowledge. Archaeological and historical reconstruction is nevertheless a phenomenon, especially in the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian countries, that plays a key role in both scientific research and release of heritage to the general public. Articles and books that are interested in this or that method of reconstruction are frequently published in France.This research work is divided in three parts: the first one is devoted to a historic of reconstruction and representations of the past, through space and time. From antiquity to today, we will study the evolution of staging and set images on events, buildings and figures in history, as well as values and taboos associated to these representations of the past. Give a picture, realistic or symbolic of the past and not only allude to it by spoken or written means, is a desire that seems to have been present among men in all ages and in all civilizations. Mirrors of the eras that created them and perceptions of the men of their own society and those who preceded them, ancient historical and archaeological reconstructions are important testimony. The second part is based on the analysis of three examples of archaeological and historical representation made in France and on European sites. They were chosen for their paradigm and their respective places in the advanced techniques and expectations of scientists as well as the public supposed to watch them. The third and last part goes to the heart of the subject and, in particular, from the examples discussed above, offers an interrogation upon the limits and the challenges of archaeological and historical reconstructions. This issue is particularly topical in the late twentieth and early twenty-First century. For three reasons: the development of cultural tourism and the development of interactive archaeological parks, the amplification of heritage policies, the increase in the public educated in image reading which is waiting not only for the researcher’s result of a hypothesis but also its justification. So the reconstruction issues are crucial. A sign of it is that more and more doctoral thesis of archeological sites offers reconstructions. The archaeological authorities of many countries now stipulate that a significant proportion of the budget of the search must be devoted to subsequent promotion, of which the center is reconstruction. The latter therefore falls outside the strict framework of museums and now requires a variety of actors who were only superficially interested in these issues. The explosion in use of reconstructions appears as an ambiguous triumph. Indeed, the various actors who use the reconstruction are not aiming the same goals: between those who experience a working hypothesis and those who are expecting pedagogical resource as teaching tools, or those looking for an image to generate a sentimental investment of a place, the common denominator is very difficult, if not impossible, to find. In addition, a major limitation of archaeological and historical reconstructions lies mainly in the ephemeral nature of their scientific validity, even if their life is sometimes very long. An historiography of these achievements is necessary, because they reflect the context of their building as much as the era they are supposed to bring back to life
Amand, Emilie. "Le roman de la contre histoire : entre contestation et tradition". Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H051/document.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes to work on the definition of a sub-genre of the expanding historical novel: the novel of the counter-history, also called subversive historical novel. The selected works allow a diachronic analysis of the problem, starting with the birth of the historical novel and going until our days. For this, we will cover the works of Scott, Hampâté Bâ, Roa Bastos, and Chamoiseau, thus focusing on different continents and cultures, with Europe, Africa, but also Central America and South America . For For this research, it is necessary to study the birth context of these novels, as well as the means put in place to write this other story. We will come to work on the shift from the writing of history to that of an identity, which will push us to question the place of literature in the constitution of national identity. We will face controversy here, since the novels go partially against the official histories, which will allow to see the importance that the other point of view can have in the construction of identity. The presence of tales and folklore will be studied to determine their role in the creation of identity. A study of the reception of these works will be conducted to see the concrete impact of these texts on the construction of identity. This will allow us to have a total vision of this sub-genre booming, and see its real impact, leading to a reflection on the place of literature in today's society and its relationship to history
Traore, Zakaria. "Dynamique d’évolution dans un secteur oligopolistique et capacités d’adaptation des opérateurs historiques d’industries de réseau : application de l’approche basée sur les capacités dynamiques à l’opérateur historique des télécommunications du Burkina Faso". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE023/document.
Texto completoThe telecommunications sector has evolved dramatically over the past decades with the diffusion of new technologies and it has become a key activity in the economy of developing countries. As a result, the dynamics of this sector are of interest not only to the telecom operators and their suppliers of equipment and related services but also to political authorities, regulators as well as financial institutions and other social actors.From a position of monopoly on the part of a historical operator, major reforms were undertaken in this sector in most African states from 1998 onwards to introduce controlled competition.The evolution of the relationships between the various actors of this industry and the performance of the historical operator, Onatel, are analyzed primarily from a strategic management perspective using the model of dynamic capacities of Teece (2007). This perspective is further enhanced by the use of a framework that focuses on institutional dynamics and combines political science and industrial economics approaches (Julien and Smith, 2008).A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted by combining secondary data analysis and interviews with industry executives and experts in order to analyze how the historical operator of telecommunications in Burkina Faso repositioned itself during this period. Despite economic and regulatory constraints, Onatel was found to have developed dynamic capacities that contributed to the improvement of its performance and helped it establish a sustainable competitive position in the new market and network configuration.Specific capacities developed include adapting to the legal framework, developing long-term financing capacity, acquiring and developing employee resources and competences, psychosocial and cultural adaptation, reconfiguring core competences as well as associated structures and processes and, finally, commercial and marketing competencies. These capacities were mobilized within three forms of relationships that were evolving in parallel between the different types of actors in the sector, compromise-convention relationships, conflict-coordination relationships and co-operation-coercion relationships
Vernier, Melissa. "La photographie comme document historique : la représentation des femmes autochtones du diocèse anglican de Moosonee". Acfas-Sudbury, 2006. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/73.
Texto completoKandé, Mamoudou Alioune. "Le conflit casamançais, origines historiques et prolongements actuels". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10051/document.
Texto completoThe turn of the century is marked by profound geopolitical upheavals. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Empire that led to the emergence of a unipolar world with the implementation of market economy and democracy as political governance system. This new era of international relations is accompanied by profound socio-economic and spatial changes. Thus, in the former colonies with the lack of a deterrent, we are seeing the resurgence of identity conflicts. Democratic demands and micro-nationalism ramping generate the implosion of state structures giving rise to intra-state conflicts. Senegal, renowned quiet country since the early 1980s faced a difficult political situation with the advent of independence demands of the movement of democratic forces of Casamance (MFDC)
Davaze, Virginie. "Memnon, historien d’Héraclée du Pont : commentaire historique". Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3005/document.
Texto completoMemnon wrote a local history, the one of his native city, Heraclea Pontica, megarian colony located in the Black Sea. His chronicle is partially preserved thanks to fragments, more or less substantial, summarized in Photius’ Library. The latter passed on to us only a part of Memnon’s work, since he related only the facts contained in books IX to XVI, which cover a period from the 60’s of the third century to the 40’s of the first century BC., but with a big gap between the mid-third century to the arrival of the Romans. The text was the object of a detailed historical commentary which highlights the inconsistencies of the story and the events for which Memnon is our only source. My research also aims to identify the historical method of Memnon through the study of the recurring themes in the text and the analysis of the chronological order of events. It is obvious that Photius’ intervention has incidences on the chronological organization initiated by Memnon, nevertheless it seems that the method of the historian of Heraclea has distorted from the start the chronology of events he related. Furthermore, analysis of the text allowed to identify the objectives of Memnon who tries to revive the glorious past of Heraclea and to denounce the excesses of the Roman rule, especially to his city of origin. The author of the History of Heraclea remains unknown but it seems to me that his literary activity should be placed in the second half of the second century AD
Blouin, Baptiste. "Event extraction from facsimiles of ancient documents for history studies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0453.
Texto completoIn the current era of massive digitization of historical sources, the automatic extraction of events is a crucial step when dealing with historical texts. Event processing is an active area of research in the Natural Language Processing community, but resources and systems are mainly developed for processing contemporary texts.In this context, this thesis aims at automatically extracting events from historical documents.This thesis proposes multidisciplinary exchanges in order to adapt recent ontologies to historical research purposes.Beyond the specific needs of the digital humanities, OCRized historical documents ranging from more than a century are far from what contemporary approaches are used to deal with. Whether in terms of diachrony, quality or adaptation to the domain, the processing of this type of document poses major problems in NLP. We then suggest domain adaptation technics combining the use of recent specialized architectures and pre-processing steps, allowing to reduce the impact of these difficulties while taking advantage of contemporary resources.Finally, based on a recent paradigm consisting of translating tasks as a question and answer problem, we propose an event extraction pipeline suitable for processing historical documents. From the extraction of a word triggering an event in a sentence to a representation of more than a century of events in the form of graphs, we propose a targeted exploration of a large quantity of historical sources
Caillouet, Laurie. "Reconstruction hydrométéorologique des étiages historiques en France entre 1871 et 2012". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU011/document.
Texto completoExtreme low-flow events have significant consequences on numerous socio-economic fields. Hydroclimate projections for the 21st century suggest an increase in low-flow severity and frequency. Nevertheless, projected events as well as recent observed events can hardly be put into a sufficiently long historical perspective due to the lack of hydrometeorological data before the 1970s. This work proposes to improve the knowledge on past extreme low-flow events having affected France since the end of the 19th century thanks to a hydrometeorological reconstruction. It also provides a new methodological framework to study these extreme events.Information on the atmospheric synoptic situation since the end of the 19th century have recently been released to the scientific community through extended global reanalyses like the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR). This work introduces the SCOPE method that provides local meteorological reconstructions on the entire France derived from the 20CR reanalysis. SCOPE produces a 25-member ensemble of spatially coherent meteorological series of daily precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration over the 1871-2012 period and on a 64 km² grid covering France. This dataset, called SCOPE Climate, is then used as forcings to run continuous hydrological simulations over more than 600 near-natural French catchments leading to a 25-member ensemble of daily streamflow time series -- called SCOPE Hydro -- between 1871 and 2012. SCOPE Climate and SCOPE Hydro show a relatively high skill during validation experiments against independent data.Spatio-temporal extreme low-flow events are finally identified and characterised from SCOPE Hydro reconstructed series. The events are first locally identified based on deficit characteristics under a novel combination of a fixed threshold and a daily variable threshold. A spatial matching procedure at the scale of France is developed in order to spatially assemble local extreme events into the same spatio-temporal event. After these steps, an event can either be studied at the local or national scale through its spatial extent, duration or severity characteristics. This work identified past and little known exceptional extreme events (1878, 1893, 1942-1949) or recent but poorly documented events (1972, 1978, 1985) besides well-known events (1921, 1976, 1989-1990, 2011). The evolution of these events since 1871 shows that a greater proportion of the French territory is affected by extreme low-flow events since the 1940s. A good coherence is found between reconstructed events and documentary sources on historical droughts.This work contributes to timely scientific issues, especially within the context of climate change and its hydrological impacts. This work proposes two innovative methods on multivariate statistical downscaling and spatio-temporal identification of extreme low-flow events. It also produced two reference hydroclimatic datasets that may be used in any study requiring long hydrometeorological series
Hbaieb, Mohamed Ali. "Bizerte et sa région : étude de géographie historique". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20010/document.
Texto completoBizerte and its region: study of historical geography is a try of regional monograph of an entity of the extreme northeast of Tunisia in the long period (from the second half from the VIIth century to XVIIIth century).Besides the achievement of a corpus of the Islamic monuments of the urban centers and of some rural zones of the region, this research has as an objective the study of the city in its general context: the villages and the countryside which encircles it. Exploiting as well the written and cartographic sources as a result of a field studies, this study describes a dozen of urban centers and some rural sites.The archaeology applied in the second party of this monograph is pluralistic. Besides, for the systematic inventory of the monuments of the urban centers, we adopted the methods of what the specialists call “extensive archaeology”. Also, the approaches practiced for the reading of the urban evolutions and territorial strategies are varied. The multiplication of methods and approaches allowed us to surpass the disadvantages of the silence of the written sources, to renew hypotheses and to create a new foundation of information for the next researches
Delahaye, Lydie. "Filmer l’ar : enjeux critiques, esthétiques et historiques de l’art filmé (1920–1970)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080108.
Texto completoSince cinema’s technical and aesthetical attributes provide it with technical tools to revealworks of art it constitutes a substantial source of knowledge for history of art;critical demonstration, historical commentary, updates of fabrication processes, etc. This inevitable mediating role of filmed art and the specific kind of knowledge that cinema adds to art by (technically) reproducing it and (aesthetically) representing it will be the focus of this work. Through a detailed corpus spread around cinema, history of art and visual culture from 1920 to 1970 this research aims to map out the critical, aesthetical and historical issues of filmed art. Specifically, it is about analysing how filming art fully proceeds from the avant-gardes’ formalistic and political utopia and foreshadows the transition towards the artistic processes that will develop from the 1960s. By looking back at the origins, the history and the conceptual development of films about art this study makes the assumption that there is a cinematic vision of artistic forms and of their uses and some knowledge (aesthetical, historical and theoretical) is added to art as soon as it is depicted in films
Aouad, Ibrahim Roubier Paul. "Le droit privé des Maronites au temps des émirs Chihab (1697-1841), d'après des documents inédits essai historique et critique /". Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/1990/aouad_i.
Texto completoBidaud, Camille. "La doctrine des Monuments historiques en France d'après Paul Léon (1874-1962)". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2205/document.
Texto completoGuided by the hypothesis that the doctrine of Historic Monuments - between theoretical positions, subjective assessments and opportunistic arbitrations - has been the blind spot in restoration in France since the end of the 19th century, the objective of this doctoral thesis is to reopen this issue, based on the texts and decisions of Paul Léon (1874-1962), the main head of the historic monuments Department in the interwar period. Although his role is, today, often forgotten. In fact, Paul Léon has had an exemplary career at the Fine-Arts. He was head of the Historic Monuments Department from 1907 to 1932, a member of the Commission from 1907 to 1962 and Director of Fine Arts from 1919 to 1932. He is also the historiographer of the Department.Through his many writings, he was the main author of the propaganda of the historic monuments Department during the first half of the 20th century. Paul Leon justifies the practices by creating a theoretical framework for them without clearly stating the doctrine, without this being felt. The study of these texts, remarkable for their coherence and chronological distribution, reveals the continuity of the underlying doctrinal elements and allows to observe their effects on the work carried out.It is therefore also necessary to question the practice led by Paul Léon, through the architectural analysis of completed projects as three flagship restorations of the period —Saint-Remi de Reims, the Flemish squares of Arras and the Papal Palace in Avignon—, which makes possible to understand the practices of the Department. This analysis also allows to observe the points of consistency and omissions in Paul Léon's texts and the influence of practice on speeches
Budzinski, Laure. "Étude historique et étymologique de la terminologie linguistique française". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0272/document.
Texto completoA research on the etymology and history of linguistics terminology will provide an important gain in historical and etymological knowledge. This gain concerning the description of particular scientific terms has broader implications: improved knowledge on the coining process of the linguistics vocabulary, as well as indications about the possible consequences that a massive progress of the description of an important portion of the internationalisms could have on the etymological sub-discipline itself. This thesis also contributes to a methodological progress in a weak area of the etymological science, a progress all the more significant as it is crucial to our understanding of the current functioning of lexical creation in French. An outstanding characteristic of this thesis is that it lays at the intersection of several fields, covering lexicology (and lexicography, since it encompasses a section devoted to lexicographical entries), terminology (since the subject of these articles is linguistic terms) and etymology. Furthermore, the philological aspect of this research is important because the work on the beginning of the existence of terms led us to analyze various types of texts belonging to different periods. We then exploit the new data offered by the lexicographical entries in order to provide a synthetic view of the constitution of the French linguistics terminology
Dépret, Thomas. "Fonctionnement morphodynamique actuel et historique des méandres du Cher". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010601/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to the morphodynamics and sedimentary analysis of the Cher River meanders (left bank tributary of the Middle Loire River). Two main points explain the present study. First, there is a general lack of knowledge concerning the geomorphological functioning of the Loire River tributaries, especially on the Cher River. Second, there is an apparent contradiction between the low mobility of the fluvial land forms since the early 19th century and active lateral erosion observed over the past three decades at least. In comparison with the Loire and its tributaries, the specificity of the Cher River lies in a meandering pattern that is both old and spatially extended. This research also directly concerns the current management issues of the Cher and the Loire River. These issues relate mainly to the maintenance or restoration of alluvial landscapes and to the refill of the bed with coarse sediments. The main objective of the thesis was both to fill a part of this knowledge gap and to characterize as fully as possible the atypical behavior of this meandering system in order to understand its dynamics. The various investigations conducted have focused on the middle valley of the Cher River, upstream of the channelized section, and more specifically on three distinct reaches. They were designed to validate two explanatory hypotheses that are not mutually exclusive of each other; the two hypotheses were initially set out to explain the stability of the meander planforms. The first hypothesis postulated that the migration of meanders was inhibited by the presence of bank protections. The second is related to a decrease in the frequency and / or intensity of hydrological morphogenic events since the 19th century. Our analysis is based on two complementary approaches. Firstly, we undertook the reconstruction of the evolutionary trajectory of these meanders at a historical timescale (period 1830-2005) and we investigated the causes of the observed changes. Secondly, we examined more specifically the relationships between morphogenesis and bedload transport at time scalesspanning from the hydrological event to a few decades (last 25-70 years). This study demonstrates that since 1950, but probably also since 1830, the low meander mobility, essentially results from engineering works in the bed. Further, the meanders still have a very high intrinsic ability to erode the alluvial plain. The frequency of bedload mobilization is also high. Finally, morphogenesis in the system is mainly controlled by low magnitude hydrological events. These results are of primary importance for river managers because they highlight the reversibility of the current hydrosystem degradation
Potop, Lazea Andreea. "Pour une approche anthropologique des monuments historiques et de la patrimonialisation : le cas de la Roumanie après 1989". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21786/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this research is to understand and analyze the patrimonialization of historical monuments as a social process involving institutional, collective and individual actors. As the sequence by which certain goods acquire the heritage status, the patrimonialization begins with the attainment of patrimonial consciousness, then arrives to regulation of the field and finalizes in the concrete actions of classification and protection of cultural heritage. If the first stage unfolds in the long term and is diffuse, the last two ones, covering the official patrimonialization, are the object of specific actions of institutional actors, both at national and local level. The analysis of the legislation, the study of actors based on interviews and observation, conducted in the period 2006 - 2010, display the representations the actors are making about the historical monuments and the logics founding their actions. The Romanian patrimonialization will be grasped as an intertwined and effervescent process and the historical monument – as a notion incessantly negotiated and redefined
Pisella, Régis-Pierre. "Nature et origine des roches et des minéraux taillés issus de niveaux archéologiques préhistoriques corses : étude statistique sur approche typologique et géologique de documents lithiques en place". Corte, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CORT0016.
Texto completoWith the scientific help of geology, the research in corsican prehistoric archaeology gives new working bases. These are the result of an exploration made about the nature and origin of rocks and minerals used in the lithic industry. The collections of objects kept for examination are from the archaeological levels of 6 sites (Carcu, Lavezzu, Monte Lazzu, Monte Grosso, Strette, Terrina). They represent nearly 10 000 documents. The identification of geological nature as well as the typological recognition of each object submitted to analysis entitles to make a statistical study of the data. This study throws light on the state and the evolution of the island lithic industry dating back to 5 thousand years (use of corsican rocks and of surrounding rocks such as obsidian in certain types of designation). Also by bringing out some virtually ways it authorizes an interpretation of the economic phenomena and social cultures. The latter have played a leading role on the set of facts and events that were instrumental in the immigration as well as the movements of prehistoric communities in corsica
Boillot, Cécile Espagne Michel. "La place de la science allemande dans deux revues d'histoire, la Revue historique et la Revue de synthèse historique". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/boillot-dcb15.pdf.
Texto completoBussy, Amélie. "Reprise(s) de Harun Farocki, la possibilité d'une expérience : enjeux cinématographiques et historiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30040/document.
Texto completoThe work of filmaker Harun Farocki helps us to think the relationships between cinema and History and go further the usual conception of historiography, where history would be an analytic and understandable writing of the past events. Because they are linking us to a present historical condition rather than simply binding man to his past, his films try to write history as an experience, with the means of cinema. They will allow us to observe the methods and ways of writing films which really search to create a cinematographic form able to read in a new and sensible way the historical questions films can sustain. That's why this research proposes to enlighten and describe what are the “retakes” (“reprises” in french which also means “sew on again”) of filmmaker Harun Farocki which contribute to write history which we can experience as spectators. It intends to examine how his editing of already existing images invents its own aesthetic to write history with film – and how an “experience” can be offered specifically by new ways of writing, seing and hearing films, and by doing so, deepening our reading of film and history altogether
Messali, Jean-Pierre. "La "lèpre" dans les écrits bibliques et rabbiniques : aspects historiques, textuels et rituels". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA037/document.
Texto completoDuring almost two thousand years, the historians hawked about a tale : the Jews were evicted from Egypt because they were affected by leprosy. The study of the Hansen's disease (present name of the leprosy) and the different researches, historical (on the texts of Antiquity's historians) and archaeological allow to object to some of written works and to proof that tale, who was carried on until half of 20th century, was wrong.However, the Hebraic Bible dedicate two chapters of the Leviticus to a disorder who can affect the human beings, the clothes and the houses, and the word used in Hebrew is always translated (against many contesting) by "leprosy". A reading of this text, improved by the explanations of the main commentators and completed by the study of the essential legislative texts as Mishnah, halakhic Midrash and (Jérusalem and Babylonian) Talmud, allow to know better the significance given to that disorder on the ritual subject.The study of characters that the Bible describe as affected by leprosy and of those elected by the talmudic and midrashic literature allow to understand the different explanations given by the Antiquity's Rabbis on the leprosy's origin, often deemed as the divine punishment of gossip and never as a disease.The impurity caused by leprosy will require, in case of "recovery", a purification witch process is quite clear, for human beings, clothes or houses.A question persist : why to give so much importance to a disorder so mild and temporary and impose to the carrier the terrible punishment, the expulsion of the community
Théry, Frédérique. "L'importance biologique des ARN non codants : perspectives historique et philosophique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010620/document.
Texto completoResearch on non-coding RNAs and their biological roles has transformed the way biologists conceptualize genomic properties and the regulation of genetic expression. This work analyzes this research from both a historical and philosophical perspective. It helps characterize some theoretical, conceptual and methodological transformation currently affecting moleculau biology. I stress that multiple modes of investigation are employed in research on non coding RNAs. Particularly important among them is exploratory experimentation, which brings about major conceptual and theoretical changes. I temper the claim that the discovery of non-coding RNAs has triggered a scientific revolution and characterize the multifaceted contributions of this discovery. I identify some limits faced by the gene concept in post-genomic biology, and relate them to the history of this concept. I suggest a possible status for the gene, which to study the relation between genotype and phenotype. Besides, research on non-coding RNAs leads to question the theoretical relevance of informational concepts to describe the diverse functions fulfilled by nucleic acids. Finally, I show that explanations of the regulatory roles of RNAs involve different explanatory schemes, which do not fit the mechanistic framework. I advocate an explanatory pluralism, and clarify the status of the concept of mechanism in contemporary molecular biology
Rouet-Delarue, Christelle. "Analyse linguistique du discours historien : des sources au genre historique ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30004/document.
Texto completoThe object our thesis is to bring to light signs of relations (meeting points and divergences) between a specifical discourse (historical discourse and notion of type of discourse to debate) and the historian's source. The study will focus on a selection of material composed of a part of historical discourse and a part of historical source (research in archives and digitalisation). The discourse of history is the meeting place traces of the historian's source, with the perception of events (in the past or nowaday, and through collective memory and cultural heritage), and the past reality, which was written by the historian. Science of langage will show the discourse elaborating constructions of meaning in specific domains (historical and politic) on the level of the text and the inter-texte level (intertextual and interrelation relations). If the historian discourse is a reappropriate and a reformulation of the historians source, it must carry its traces, and linguistic can explain structures of meanings
Dauler, Clara. "Entre Hispanité et Caribéanité : les enjeux identitaires du roman historique". Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0316/document.
Texto completoThe historical novel, a successful literary genre is highly controversial by its hybrid character between Literature and History. On the one hand, situated between fiction and reality, between "true" and "false", it arouses, the mistrust of some historians because it is able to shape the collective memory by exploiting the margins of the official History. On the other hand, classified as para-literature by some literary critics, many novelists prefer to deny the existence of the genre. The historical novel remains nonetheless since its emergence in the nineteenth century, a popular reading medium which still guarantees very comfortable revenues for publishers.Moreover, under the influence of Postmodern Philosophy, Subaltern Studies and Post-Colonial Studies, it is time to be vigilant in the face of established truths and the defense of identities threatened by the effects of globalization. The historical novel that is positioned in the margin of History, then offers the opportunity to represent history differently by putting forward the lower voices that the elites of society have long concealed to promote a certain vision of national identity and thus preserve interests of a mostly political order.This study proposes a comparative analysis of Spanish and Caribbean literary works in order to prove the existence of the historical novel, update its definition criteria in a postmodern and decolonial context and show its impact on the identity-building process of Spanish and Caribbean societies
Hauptmann-Katsuyama, Yuko. "Proust historien : Le temps historique dans la Recherche". Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/katsuyama_y.
Texto completoIn "À la recherche du temps perdu", the grandmother initiates the narrator into the admiration of what is old, as the art and the nature, because Proust is interesting in the history, like many writers of the 19th century. His favorite ages are the Middle Ages and the Ancient Régime. Otherwise, the history in Proust is tied to the geography just as in the Tableau de la France by Michelet. So, Images referring to these two periods are used to create three proustian lost paradises, Combray, Doncières and Venetia. About Combray and Doncières, we can remark a nostalgic vision in Proust forward to a old-time community, like a medieval commune where the collectivity was respected, Combray in particular presents an ideal society because its collective life is integrated into the cyclic time of the nature, like the life of a primitive society. The relation between the old time, the nature and the collectivity brings the lost paradise to life in Proust, the quest for the origin is doubled by the quest of the primitive times. About Venetia in the novel, at first view, the city looks like a space where past and present are intersected, which takes a both a historic and artistic dimension. With Doncières tied to the Ancient Régime and to the youth, the proustian Venetia refers to the golden age or rather to its end, because, as Venetia disappearing into the water, the narrator forms the idea of elderliness and death. Otherwise, Venetia is tied to Combray through the name of Saint Louis: while the spire of Combray’s Church keeps the memory of the leaving of the king (for the Cruzades), one Venetia doge gave some relics to him. Besides, in the imagination of Proust, who translated Ruskin, Venetia is tied to Amiens, French city named by Ruskin as the “Venetia of the north” and which seems one model for Balbec. Venetia constitutes indeed both a temporal and spatial intersection in Proust’s imagination. The intersection of Past and Present is symbolized by the theme of ruins discreetly introduced to Proust’s novel, we understand why Proust is fascinated by pictures of Hubert Robert, “ruiniste” painter of the illuminating century. We conclude the first part noticing that, in these three paradise cities, the historical time stops in the same way the time of the ruins is integrated into nature, in Hubert Robert’s paintings. As Proust also interests himself at the contemporary history, some researchers undertake a socio-historical study. Proust opposes these three cities belonging to the past to Paris and Balbec, modern cities (however, they are marked with traces of the past too). In these two unlike the other cities, the historic time is under movement. He describes urban scenery modified by industrial progress (it brings the theme of the ruins of Paris into Proust’s novel just as they appear in Hugo’s writings), we can notice an affinity with Baudelaire in the elaboration of the aesthetics of the modernity in the iron age. Proust describes also the change of the mentalities of his time, be the one of the people, the one of the middle class or the one of the aristocracy, in particular through two great historical events, Dreyfus’s case and the First World War. We can’t deny that the social story is inspired from the historical reality: the middle class’s victory over the aristocracy. But our study makes us claim that Proust’s vision is different from the conception of the historians of that time: the movement of history dose look like a linear one, but like a circular one repeating again and again, the end of the faubourg Saint-Germain being comparable with the end of the Ancient Régime. This reiterative movement is illustrated by the reappearance of one fashion, the Empire style for example. Otherwise, Proust denies the historicism because it’s impossible to reach the historical trueness by the scientific way. Here, we can notice an influence of Schopenhauer, who refutes the scientific character of the history and who considers however the historiographical writing as important. We study then the affinity of Proust with Charles Péguy and Walter Benjamin, who approach the problem of the history and of the temporality that modern conditions have modified. It asks the question of the literary creation in the time where the individualism comes to the front of the scene. History is absorbed by art, in spite of its socio-historical aspect, History is absent from Proust’s novel, this one wondering how to catch and write the unity of the time. The thinking about the historical temporality gives him an occasion to meditate upon the temporality. How does Proust conceive now the history? Like Schopenhauer, he considers history as inferior to art and philosophy. Like Péguy, he considers history as a mnemonic operation, which introduces the theme of the Muse of history, first daughter of the Memory. The work of the memory is transcendental, it consists in explore the field of the memory, it’s comparable to the archaeology consisting in scanning the vestiges. The history conceived by Proust is close to the archaeology, it aims at finding the old life, of rescuing dead people from oblivion, it’s what the study of the medieval architecture and the knowledge of archaeology learn him (so, when Proust describes the period he lived in, he is an archaeologiste of the modernity). In this context, the proustian writing could evoke the restoration of a church, because the mnemonic archaeology aims at restoring the past in the writing, as a restorer tries to restore the original state of a monument. This mnemonic and literary reconstitution spatializes the time whose unity is not comprehensible. For the narrator, the matter is not to narrate the history of his time, but to extend the genre of memorials to the autobiographic writing. Following Chateaubriand’s model (Mémoires d’outre-tombes) and Michelet’s model, Proust tries to superimpose collective history and intimate story of his narrator. If the narrator is seduced by the Guermantes, who descend from the count Combray, this is because he is looking for the origin of the Guermantes and the origin of France at the same time. That is why Proust builds a link between Combray, the childhood’s territory and the Moddle Ages, and between the old age and the end of faubourg Saint-Germain, at the end of the novel. Otherwise, we can notice that the story of the first volume takes place just after the franco-germain war in 1870 and the last volume before and after the First World War. The itinerary of the narrator from childhood to old age is doubled by the itinerary of the society under the third Republic. What does matter is the link between the renaissance of a child dreaming of becoming a writer and the world in which he has lived. The specificity of this bridge between individuality and collectivity in Proust’s writing is that it takes a secular or millenary dimension through a biologic or genetic heritage of the humanity, as the theme of the heredity shows. We have roots in us, because ancestor’s memory shakes in us waiting that we dive into the memory to find it
Frau, Roberto. "Utilisation des données historiques dans l'analyse régionale des aléas maritimes extrêmes : la méthode FAB". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1051/document.
Texto completoThe protection of coastal areas against the risk of flooding is necessary to safeguard all types of waterside structures and, in particular, nuclear power plants. The prevention of flooding is guaranteed by coastal protection commonly built and verified thanks to the definition of the return level’s concept of a particular extreme event. Return levels linked to very high return periods (up to 1000 years) are estimated through statistical methods based on the Extreme Value Theory (EVT). These statistical approaches are applied to time series of a particular extreme variable observed and enables the computation of its occurrence probability. In the past, return levels of extreme coastal events were frequently estimated by applying statistical methods to time series of local observations. Local series of sea levels are typically observed in too short a period (for sea levels about 50 years) in order to compute reliable estimations linked to high return periods. For this reason, several approaches are used to enlarge the size of the extreme data samples and to reduce uncertainties of their estimations. Currently, one of the most widely used methods in coastal engineering is the Regional Analysis. Regional Analysis is denoted by Weiss (2014) as a valid means to reduce uncertainties in the estimations of extreme events. The main idea of this method is to take advantage of the wide spatial availability of observed data in different locations in order to form homogeneous regions. This enables the estimation of statistical distributions of enlarged regional data samples by clustering all extreme events occurred in one or more sites of the region. Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of using past events when estimating extreme events. When historical data are available, they cannot be neglected in order to compute reliable estimations of extreme events. Historical data are collected from different sources and they are identified as data that do not come from time series. In fact, in most cases, no information about other extreme events occurring before and after a historical observation is available. This, and the particular nature of each historical data, do not permit their use in a Regional Analysis. A statistical methodology that enables the use of historical data in a regional context is needed in order to estimate reliable return levels and to reduce their associated uncertainties. In this manuscript, a statistical method called FAB is developed enabling the performance of a Regional Analysis using historical data. This method is formulated for POT (Peaks Over Threshold) data. It is based on the new definition of duration of local and regional observation period (denominated credible duration) and it is able to take into account all the three typical kinds of historical data (exact point, range and lower limit value). In addition, an approach to identify an optimal sampling threshold is defined in this study. This allows to get better estimations through using the optimal extreme data sample in the FAB method.FAB method is a flexible approach that enables the estimation of return levels both in frequentist and Bayesian contexts. An application of this method is carried out for a database of recorded skew surges (systematic data) and for 14 historical skew surges recovered from different sites located on French, British, Belgian and Spanish coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel and the North Sea. Frequentist and Bayesian estimations of skew surges are computed for each homogeneous region and for every site. Finally, this manuscript explores the issues surrounding the finding and validation of historical data
Le, Goff Jean-Paul Yves. "Fondements historiques de la théologie chrétienne : du paradigme historico-théologique au paradigme hypothético-rationnel". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0017/document.
Texto completoHuang, Hui. "Un paysage culturel dynamique : géographie historique et économique des musées parisiens". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010627/document.
Texto completoParis has an exceptional cultural landscape, in which museums play an important role. This PhD thesis insists that this landscape has never ceased to change and is still changing. As for the museums themselves, far from being institutions opposed to change and to a modern economy, we have shown that they participate in the productive economy, specifically in the symbolic production, and that they manage to adapt to the public demand, to adjust their statutes, to rethink their links with other institutions and so on. Finally, we claim that museum activities are characterized by their similarities with other forms of symbolic consumption, and their spatial proximity with the areas of symbolic consumption
Psaltopoulos, Brigitte. "L'écriture de José Manuel Fajardo : entre roman d'aventure et roman historique". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2021/document.
Texto completoThis thesis introduces the trilogy by José Manuel Fajardo (1957) composed of Carta del fin del mundo (1996), El Converso (1998) and Mi nombre es Jamaica (2010).These three works are part of the historical adventure novel sub-genre. Focusing on time, space and characters, this research work is aimed at making a distinction between history and adventure in these three works that refer to significant periods in the history of Spain (the conquest, the Golden Age). The numerous references to the expulsion of the Moriscos or the Sephardic diaspora show the author's willingness to work as a historian by saving fromoblivion some parts of Spanish history neglected by official history. This historical exploitation goes hand in hand with fictionalizing the historical matter _such as the discovery of America or piracy in the seventeenth century in the Caribbean and the Mediterranean seas_ which makes it possible for the author to create adventure. This adventure is experienced by the heroes as a search for identity that leads them, through the crossing of countless spaces, to their promised land; whichgives them potent human depth
Gay, Véronique. "Les espaces sacrés et leurs communications : étude lexicale et signification technique et religieuse". Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/gay_v_notice.
Texto completoThe totality of our work represents a lexicographic study of the terms of various elements constituting an approach to an Egyptian temple, the canal, the docs, the dromos; and the processional alleys, the parvis and its installations, following the logical sequence of access to a temple from the profane to the sacred. At the origin of history, point of contact between the divine world and the world of humans, the temple must have been inaccessible and invisible to the common mortals because it received the manifestation of divinity. Then, in the New Kingdom, it was modified and certain spaces were opened, leaving a place for personal piety, in touch with the very nature of the Egyptian society which was changing during that period. New liturgiques needs came about and entailed a modification of architectural structures in order to permit the reception of suppliants seeking the impartiality of the divine to solve all sorts of problems. Finally, during the Greco-Roman era, the process was reversed. The edifices functioned in closed liturgies because they were supposed to be the guardians of Egyptian original heritage. Following this established scheme, we present in the first part, the totality of terms related to the abords of temples and, in the second part, we examin the lexicography of the spaces existing at the principal entrances of the temples and their different architectural constructions. We have prepared an inventory, as systematic as possible, of the possible mentions and documents containing the terms relative to the study in question. The assembled documentation allows for the preparation of a repertory of all attested graphies, in order to establish as much as possible, a sens that can be given to these words and, eventually, with a confrontation of all the archeological treasures that Egypt presents us with
Gharib, Turath. "Renforcement des structures historiques en maçonnerie par matériaux composites : application aux murs en pierres calcaires". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10094/document.
Texto completoThis work concerns the study of the reinforcement of stone structures with composite materials. Two reinforcing techniques are used. One is reinforcement by cement matrix reinforced with textile TRC of glass fiber. The other is by reinforcing FRP fiberglass rods according to NSM technique (near-surface mounted). The first phase consists of materials characterization and analysis of mechanical behavior in compression shear and tensile of small masonry specimens made of stone and mortar. The characteristic values of the mechanical behavior of the masonry are compared with the different models in the literature which calculate the characteristic parameters and give a good approximation with the experimental results. In addition, the behavior of reinforced materials is tested in tension and the behavior of the adhesion between the reinforcement and the masonry is studied. The second phase focuses on strengthening masonry walls subjected to two types of loading. One is in-plane shear of walls made with the diagonal compression test. Represents the second bending loads to 3 points out of plane walls accompanied by axial compression forces which cause a compressive stress of 0.2 MPa. The shear test was performed on square walls of five rows of stones with mortar. Strengthening by two vertical bars NSM FRP significantly improves the ductility and shear modulus of the walls and the reinforcement with two orthogonal layers TRC improves shear strength. Finally the application of analytical models used to compare the experimental results with the results given by the models. In addition, the bending test with 3-point is carried out on walls composed of twelve rows of stones with mortar. The reinforcement with two vertical bars and two crossbars increased more elastic stiffness. However, the reinforcement with TRC composed of a single layer of textile accompanied with a vertical bar FRP does not increase the resistance of the wall relative to the resistance of the reinforced wall with a single layer of textile or with a simple vertical bar
Favier, Jacques. "La rhétorique musicale et les émotions : éveil ou expression des affects ? : perspectives historiques et théoriques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC035/document.
Texto completoStudying “musical rhetoric” seems likely to bring some specific light about the topic of music and emotions. Both fields of research in philosophy of music involved arouse an interest, especially last years. Therefore, we regard musical rhetoric and the distinctive phenomenon of German musical poetics as able to structure such a studying, through choices they suppose (for example, the fact that emotions are means for have an effect) and choices they leave. Our investigation includes the three main following parts: (a) some study about facets of the subject prior to musica poetica (in Ancient Greece, in Lutheran liturgy, in Italian theory of music); (b) some detailed examination about the topic of passions in German baroque treatises; (c) a review regarding evolution of the subject up to current discusses
Cabezas, Vargas Andrea. "Cinéma centraméricain contemporain (1970-2014) : la construction d'un cinéma régional : mémoires socio-historiques et culturelles". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30058/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation focuses on the study of Central American filmmaking from the inception of a form of “national” cinema in the 1970s up until a new emergence of a regional cinema in the 2000s. The analysis is based on the observation that Central American cinematography was forged out of a regional struggle that led to the coming together of human forces, economic means and know-how which, once united, gave birth to the different national film industries. Starting from the theories of Siegfried Kracauer and Marc Ferro on the links between history and film, our theoretical framework rests on the idea that filmmaking and the movies produced hold a direct and privileged link with history and the societies that produce the films, as regards to both their form as well as their content. This dissertation thus proposes a comparative study that examines the group of national film industries in connection with the history, culture and society of the Central American region. Our research aims to propose a critical reading of Central American cinematography, interpreting its characteristics from a regional perspective. Through this approach, we will analyze the way that the filmmakers have taken on these issues according to the particular technical and esthetic means that are strictly linked to the economic and socio-historical contexts of the time period. The dissertation thus delves into the evolution of these themes and presents the results of an unparalleled study achieved through the systematization and classification of the Central American films involved in the study. The objective has been to decipher the traces of the historical and socio-political processes experienced by contemporary Central America in order to paint a portrait of Central American filmmaking along with its most representative characteristics. We hope that this work will contribute to filling in certain academic gaps regarding Central American cinematography and that it will be able to demonstrate the value of film as a source of collective memory and patrimony of the Central American region
Lecorchey, Virginie. "Stefan Zweig et l'Histoire à travers la littérature : les rapports entre biographies historiques et l'Histoire". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0081/document.
Texto completoStefan Zweig and History, Stefan Zweig and Human. The relationship between Zweig and History is in permanent correlation with the human being. The collective and the individual are linked in his works. His stories of life at the turn of the years 1920-1930, his works which mark a certain engagement after the arrival to power of Hitler or the story of his own life and of his world, after his exile: so many literary works that testify of the interest of Zweig for History and for his world. Zweig often identifies himself with the characters about whom he writes, finding in these characters similarities with his own person, or admiring the qualities of some, and envying the courage of others. The human qualities are more important to his eyes, the heroes could be of different nature; heroes aren't only those about whom the school books speak. The interest of Zweig for History is explained by his interest for the time in which he lives. However, Zweig regrets his own past and seems to search, in the characters of History, for a link with his lost world, the world of yesterday. Zweig says that he has had three lives. The last life ends in exile. But how is it possible to live away from our world, from our history, from our past?
Helin, Alexandre. "Commentaire historique composé des livres XXII à XXIX des "Histoires" de Polybe". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD036/document.
Texto completoThe Roman’s victory over the Seleucids at Apamea in 188 B.C. offers them the chance to become the most powerful force of the Mediterranean area, overtaking hellenistic monarchies and confederations of Greek cities domination. In the books XXII through XXIX of Histories, from which the fragments that remain today come from the Excerpta Constantiniana, Polybius describes the following events until the Roman victory over Perseus’ Macedonia in 168 B.C. He tries to justify the Roman behaviour and accuses Philippe V of being the one who pulled the trigger of the Third Macedonian War. Polybius’ story, although its lack of objectivity is sometimes obvious, is an interesting resource to understand both Roman diplomacy across the Oriental Mediterranean area and the Achean politic between Rome and the hellenistic monarchies. It mainly reveals that, as any other Greek, Polybius couldn’t detect the rise of the Roman imperialism, an defensive imperialism that does not accept, even indirectly, that its interests might be harmed. The description of these political and military events comes with a number of judgements and lessons from Polybius. Thanks to those, we can better understand his vision of the ideal political man. Moreover, they perfectly reveal the consistency between the books XXII through XXIX and the rest of Histories, despite the particular status of these books since they match Polybius’ entire political carreer in Greece, before his exile in Rome from 168 to 151 B.C
Ecuvillon, Pierre. "Le phénomène Le Pen : analyse relationnelle, historique et esthétique d'une singularité politique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30005/document.
Texto completoThe “Le Pen phenomenon” designates the sum constituted by the elaboration of a politicalbrand located at the far-right and by the conflictual reactions that it provokes within theFrench society. The objectivization of this phenomenon lies in the analysis of the FrontNational ideology as it is this of a political brand which must produce an original doctrinalcontent in order to distinguish it from the others parties but also in the study of the socialmovement – or the movement of the social – which it is the cause of. The category of thesacred comes to shed the discursive sets which are discernible just as well in the FrontNational words as those of its political and associative opponents. The research is going onwith the analysis of the French far-right main ideological schemas, which is based on ahistory of ideas which starts with the counter-revolutionary thought. The Durandianmethodology of the semantic basin allows to identify the cardinal stages of the far-rightnationalism ideological formation. The examination of this ideology comes to an end with theanalysis of the Front National contemporary discourse and the mythanalytic comparison ofthe Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen candidacies at the time of 2007 and 2012 Frenchpresidential elections
Brezillon, Stephane. "De la peine patrimoniale au patrimoine pénal : essai pénologique, historique et prospectif". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2055/document.
Texto completoThe term asset penalty calls for a concrete reality : that of a penalty which does not strike the body of the condemned person, but his property. Following an original and rigorous approach, this thesis lays the scientific and legal foundations of a true concept underlaying this reality.It also tries to solve it's essence and it's function. It describes the different stages of asset penalty's historical construction. It reveals that, at it's origins, penalties have first been applied to assets. The author underlines the permanence of the restorative function of this concept and the importance of both it's political and budgetary functions. Through a study of law in force, the author proves the relevance of the concept, according to both national and european law. His criticism of it, regarding theories of both penalty and property convinces of its scientific validity. By studying the contemporary functions of asset penalty, he then invites us to consider a second Concept : the criminal asset. This one is double. Its primary meaning, ie asset that can be seized or confiscated, responds to recent reforms extending the seizure and confiscation possibilities beyond the personal property of a condamned person. Its second meaning leads us to consider the use made of the outcomes of asset penalty. Consequently, the author places asset penalty and criminal asset at the very heart of regulation logics currently at work in the punishment field. Continuing in a prospective way, the study opens up possibilities for extensive confiscation, in particular as regards shares or carbon credits. Eventually, the conclusion warns against a potential budgetary drift : the criminall asset resulting from asset penalty should not princpipally be assigned to fund its own collection. But it also imagines the reforms required to avoid this pitfall
Pouzet, Pierre. "Etude des paléoévènements extrêmes le long de la côte atlantique française : approches sédimentologiques, dendrochronologiques et historiques". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2035/document.
Texto completoThis study aims to develop several methodological approaches to rebuild past extreme events at the Holocene, millennial and Anthropocene timescales. The methodology is based on a multidisciplinary approach using sedimentology, dendrochronology, climatology and climate history. These approaches were applied to three study sites: the island of Yeu, the Traicts du Croisic and the Petite mer de Gâvres. Several ancient extreme events have been identified and correlated to one another thanks to the multidisciplinary approach. At the Holocene scale, periods of strong stormy impacts seem to be bound to the North Atlantic cooling phases: 600-300, 1700-1100, 2900-2500, 3500-3300, 5500-5100 and 7700-7100 cal y BP. At the millennial scale, however, the connections between the climate change of the Little Ice Age and the North Atlantic Oscillation are more difficult to comprehend. The coupling of sedimentological data with historical archives characterizes sixteen extreme events with high environmental and societal impacts. One of these events, which occurred during the winter of 1351-1352 (n.st) AD, has been qualified as a « Millennium event ». At the Antropocene scale, the sedimentological analysis brings to light four major dates: 1990, 1972, 1940 and 1896 AD. The dendrochronological analysis proved there have been nineteen stormy winters since 1955 AD, which have been confirmed by meteorological archives and reanalysis data. These different approaches enable us to increase with more accuracy our knowledge of coastal hazards
Kuentz, Anna. "Un siècle de variabilité hydro-climatique sur le bassin de la Durance : Recherches historiques et reconstitutions". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0047/document.
Texto completoUnderstanding and predicting hydrological variability is becoming a major issue to improve water resources management at the watershed scale, as climate variability and multipurpose use of water increase stress on the available resources. In France, the Durance watershed (South part of the Alps) is both characterised by numerous water-related activities such as hydropower, irrigation, water supply, tourism, and by a wide range of meteorological contexts ranging from mountainous to dry Mediterranean watersheds. As a consequence, this watershed appears as very sensitive to observed and projected climate variability, with an impact on water resources sufficient to question the current balance between users. In order to better forecast the Durance watershed hydrological variability, tracing back its past evolution is an essential step. Indeed, historical knowledge provides a better understanding of how the watershed works, and put into perspective hydro meteorological projections for the next century. The main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is then to improve our knowledge of the hydrological variability of the Durance watershed over the last century. Two main themes have been developed.The first step focused on historical research, bringing to light 11 centennial time-series of daily streamflow on the Durance watershed. Those data were quite well documented, allowing us to follow the evolution of the methods used to construct some of those time-series. Based on recent streamflow time-series, a simulation process allowed us to quantify the uncertainty associated to the methods used in the past, and to highlight the significant biases they carried on some periods of time. A correction process was then developed, leading to the partial revision of some of the time-series. A second step involved reconstructing hydrological time-series at different points of the watershed. An original method, called ANATEM, has been introduced and exhaustively applied to rebuild climatological time-series at the watershed scale. This method is based on the use of large scale climatological variables (atmospheric pressure fields) combined with regional scale observations (observed precipitation or air temperature). Those reconstructed climatological time-series were then prescribed in a rainfall-runoff model, allowing the computation of hydrological simulations on the 1884-2010 period. The comparison of the simulated data with our 11 centennial observed time series allowed us to validate our hydro-climatological reconstruction chain over more than a century. Finally, the observed and simulated time-series illustrate the climatological and hydrological variability of the Durance watershed. This variability is characterised by the succession of alternatively dry and humid periods lasting for ten to fifteen years, and by a slight trend to streamflow decrease. These long-term hydrological time-series will then put into perspective future investigations on water resources available over the next century