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Thomas, Gemma Louise. "The search for novel antibacterials using diversity-oriented synthesis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612917.
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Chan, Lewis C. H. "Reduced-search sequence decoders for multiple-antenna diversity over Rayleigh fading channels". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ28184.pdf.
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Philpot, Denise R. "Tenured/tenure-track Faculty Diversity: Does Search Committee Training Make a Difference?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699983/.
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Diversity impacts organizations, both internally and externally. Responses to changes in demographics come from legal and moral imperatives. As a reflection of the changes in the population demographics in the United States, universities have seen and sought increased diversity in their student enrollment. Many institutions have purposeful plans to increase representation of under-represented groups as well as those students from low-income families. Some schools also recognize the importance of having diversity represented within their staff and faculty positions as a way of creating a supportive environment that also promotes diversity of thought. As schools increase the diversity of their student population, at what level are they increasing diversity among their tenured and tenure-track faculty? The purpose of this study is to examine the impact on full-time tenured/tenure-track faculty diversity compared to enrolled student diversity at institutions that promote, require, or provide access to training for faculty search committees, including diversity/cultural awareness, legal compliance, and process training, and those institutions that do not appear to have any training requirement as documented on their websites. Only tenured/tenure-track faculty were considered as they are the permanent teaching/research positions and generally represent the core faculty of every department at a university.
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Glaesener, Tim. "Exploring Siri’s Content Diversity Using a Crowdsourced Audit". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44105.
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This thesis aims to explore and describe the content diversity of Siri’s search results in the polarized context of US politics. To do so, a crowdsourced audit was conducted. A diverse sample of 134 US-based Siri users between the ages of 18-64 performed five identical queries about the politically controversial issues of gun laws, immigration, the death penalty, taxes and abortion. The data were viewed through a theoretical framework using the concepts of algorithmic bias and media-centric fragmentation. The results suggest that Siri’s search algorithm produces a long tail distribution of search results: Forty-two percent of the participants received the six most frequent answers, while 22% of the users received unique answers. These statistics indicate that Siri’s search algorithm causes moderate concentration and low fragmentation. The age and, surprisingly, the political orientation of users, do not seem to be driving either concentration or fragmentation. However, the users' gender and location appears to cause low concentration. The finding that Siri’s search algorithm produces a long tail of replies challenges previous research on the content diversity of search results, which found no evidence of fragmentation. However, due to the limited scope of this study, these findings cannot be generalized to a larger population. Further research is needed to support or refute them.
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Walton, Nicholas. "A mechanism for the controlled evolution of diversity in multiple optima genetic search". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435131.
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Ramskill, R. D. "A composer's search for a distinctive voice in an era of musical diversity". Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/055dca33-3667-66e2-3e96-1c3864ed3127/1.
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The output submitted in this portfolio manifests the composer’s search for a distinctive voice in an era of musical diversity. From my total output of some sixty original compositions (see Appendix 2 on page 71) seven have been selected for inclusion here. The reasons for their selection will be explained more fully in later sections of this overview but I feel it would be helpful to outline briefly the thinking behind their selection at the outset. Essentially the first three compositions here are works that I consider to be mature and successful ones despite the fact that they each inhabit a very different sound world from the others to the extent that the listener might, with some justification, doubt that they could have been written by the same composer. Their very lack of any hint of a unified line of progression from one work to the next graphically demonstrates the point, to be further developed later, that the process of sifting through potential compositional influences with a view to developing one’s own original voice is often more protracted and difficult for composers active from around the mid-point of the 20th century onwards than it was for earlier generations of composers. In the past young composers would make their first attempts within a comparatively settled musical environment in which there would be at least some semblance of agreement about what musical techniques and forms would represent the ‘norm’. The first three compositions in the portfolio epitomise three very different possible routes I had been investigating as part of the ‘sifting’ process mentioned above. The remaining four compositions have then been selected to demonstrate how a synthesis of these contrasting approaches was attempted and, in my view, successfully achieved. The table overleaf summarises the stylistic issues involved.
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Fior, Daniel. "Toward Environmental and Social Sustainability: in search of leverage points". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254617.
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It may be argued that ours is far away from a sustainable society. For all the technological wonders that we have been able to produce, some basic problems such as lack of universal access to the means to satisfy one's basic needs, human rights violations, systematic degradation of the environment, among others are still present. Not for a lack of effort, but scientific progress, political effort and economic growth appear to have real limitations in their capability to help us solve some of these problems that have endured through time. Donella Meadows, an expert in systems analysis, has developed a comprehensive list of points to intervene in a system in order to effect change. Using that framework as a basis, the present study aims to try to identify potential reasons for why most of the efforts conducted so far to solve some of the previously mentioned fundamental problems appear not to be so effective. Many of the fundamental assumptions of the mainstream economic school that heavily influence policy making and individual behavior to a large extent, have been identified as potentially important leverage points being pushed in the wrong direction! Economic powers and vested interests allow for the erosion of the self-controlling elements of the global political-economic system such as democratic institutions, what Meadows classifies as weakening of negative feedback loops. The mainstream economic models promoting "success to the successful" loops such as accumulation of resources in the hands of a few, all the while concentrating power can be pointed out as an example of a positive loop getting dangerously out of control. Uncontrolled positive loops inevitably lead to system collapse. Concentration of power is specially dangerous as it can bestow upon an elite the power to set the rules of the system, one of the most effective leverage points according to Meadows. Additionally, by curtailing biological, ideological and cultural diversity we are compromising one of the fundamental conditions for our systems to endure threatening changes, the ability to self-organize, or evolve. The most powerful leverage point is the paradigm out of which the whole system is constructed. The current mainstream economic thinking is fundamentally based on a single paradigmatic assumption of scarcity by mean of the supposed impossibility of satisfying human material wants, as 'new wants are always emerging'. In this mindset, it seems to make sense for the economic system to promote limitless growth and accumulation under the assumption of unlimited material wants. In the possibility to transcend such a paradigm lies an important potential for leverage in the efforts to solve the fundamental problems that still hold our society from attaining sustainability.
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Shoji, Yoshiyuki. "A Study on Social Information Search and Analysis on the Web by Diversity Computation". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199443.
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Holmberg, Emelie. "In search of differential Space". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123524.
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The aim is to explore indigenous life situation and by identifying problems in service and infrastructure,health and social aspects provide suggestions on how the current situation can be improved.The goal is to provide a proposal for a plan for a new community with homes that are adapted to theindigenous people’s needs and unique tradition. The plan is part of the modernization taking place inChiapas but where indigenous traditions and culture are preserved and taken advantage of. How wouldthe housing and community planning look like? What can you learn from indigenous practices to takecare of our nature and self‐sufficiency? What type of modernization from the West is important andhow to combine tradition and modernity?A number of new housing for the relocation of indigenous people has been built. These neighborhoodshave received much criticism. Santiago el Pinar is an example. The indigenous were moved to minimalhouses built on stilts in a dry hillside without vegetation. There is absolutely no land to cultivate, thefloors are made of wood which makes it impossible to cook on the floor the traditional way and thereare no natural meeting places. The new housing is absolutely not linked to the people's needs andbackground.In the autonomous communities where indigenous people live today, there is a great opportunity tofurther develop sustainable agriculture because these communities opposes neoliberalism, capitalisttrade and multinational control. At the same time they develop an autonomous system for training andregional reinforcement. There are efforts to strengthen the culture of origin and the knowledge ofhealth, education and traditional agriculture. In The housing program which the state built the residents'life is based on consumption, and they depend on the state apparatus. Food could previously beobtained relatively easily at low or no cost. In The "rural town", people must, in contrast to past lives inthe countryside, buy everything.Important in this project is to find and exploit opportunities in indigenous society today and strengthenthese but also modernize so that access to services, infrastructure an architecture improves.Syftet är att undersöka den inhemska livssituationen in Chiapas och genom att identifiera problem i service och infrastruktur, hälso-och sociala aspekter ge förslag på hur den nuvarande situationen kan förbättras. målet är att ge ett förslag till en plan för ett nytt samhälle med bostäder som är anpassade till de specifika människornas behov och unika tradition. Planen är en del av moderniseringen sker i Chiapas men där inhemska traditioner och kultur bevaras och tas tillvara. Hur skulle dessa bostäder och en sådan samhällsplanering se ut? Vad kan vi lära av den inhemska befolkningens kunskaper och traditioner? Vilken typ av modernisering från väst är viktigt och hur kan man kombinera tradition och modernitet? Ett antal nya bostäder för omlokalisering av ursprungsbefolkningen har byggts. Dessa projekt har fått mycket kritik. Santiago el Pinar är ett exempel. En inhemsk grupp flyttades till minimala hus byggda på styltor i en torr sluttning utan vegetation. Där finns ingen mark att odla, golven av trä gör det omöjligt att laga mat på traditionellt sätt. Dt finns inga naturliga mötesplatser. Det finns ett behov av nya visioner och alternatriv till den typ av samhälls och urban planering som sker både metoder och förslag. I detta examensarbetet sker detta sökande efter alternativ.
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Boothby, Gwen. "An exploration of the role of 'community' in the search for workforce diversity at the shipyard". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20754/.
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The concept of workforce diversity has been considered from many perspectives. Based on the equality legislation, the ‘equal opportunities’ approach evolved, with the premise of moral concern (Noon and Ogbonna 2001) and equality (Cockburn 1991), where all individuals are treated the same by ensuring that ‘the rules of the game’ were fair. However, in the 1990s, a move was made to ‘managing diversity’ (Kandola and Fullerton 1994), a business case approach whereby equality was ensured by taking into account the circumstances of the individual. Although prevalent in organisational rhetoric, neither approach has fully realised its potential in terms of ensuring equality of opportunity or outcome for groups or individuals in the labour market (Miller 1996; Webb 1997; Liff 1999; Johns and Green 2009). Therefore, in this research project, other bodies of literature are used in conjunction with the equality and diversity research, to identify barriers to workforce diversity. The case study on which this research project is based, is situated at a shipyard in Barrow-In-Furness, in the North West of England. The shipyard is part of BAE Systems, a global defence, aerospace and security company, which in 2009, stated its desire to increase the diversity of its workforce. The geography and demographics of Barrow meant that this was a particularly challenging concept for the shipyard. This research was based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with four groups of employees and trade union representatives, alongside documentary and data analysis. The original contribution of this thesis has been made by considering three bodies of literature together (equality and diversity, masculine culture and occupational communities), in order to identify the key barriers to increasing the diversity of the shipyard. These barriers included the shipyard’s hegemonic masculine culture, the existence of occupational communities within the construction and engineering departments, and the impact of the local community on the diversity of the shipyard. Thus, it has been possible to identify that barriers to increasing the workforce diversity of the shipyard exist not only in the organisation, but also in Barrow’s local community.
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Cuschieri, Katie Sarah. "Species diversity of aggregate-associated marine ammonia-oxidising bacteria". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602054.
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Two broad communities can be distinguished in marine systems, those attached to amorphous aggregate material dispersed throughout the water column and those that are freely suspended in the water column (planktonic). It has been suggested that two distinct microbial populations are associated with each habitat due to phenotypic adaptation to the different conditions in aggregates and the surrounding water. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of aggregate-associated and planktonic marine ammonia oxidisers (AOBs - the organisms responsible for the rate limiting step in nitrification) in both natural environments and laboratory-reared systems and to determine whether aggregate material selected for particular groups of AOBs. Detection of AOBs relied heavily on the use of molecular analysis of extracted DNA. Thus, a preliminary study was performed to assess whether preferential lysis occurred when representatives of both genera within the B-subgroup AOBs {Nitrosospira multiformis and Nitrosomonas europaea) were exposed to lysis procedures commonly applied to marine samples. Minimal bias existed, with Nitrosomonas europaea proving to be less susceptible to lysis only when the lytic agents (sodium dodecyl sulphate and lysozyme) were absent or at concentrations 100-fold less than those applied in routine environmental extraction. Environmental populations of aggregate-associated and planktonic AOBs in the NW Mediterranean Sea were assessed in summer and winter at stations both within and beyond regions of fresh water inflow (the plume). Molecular analysis involved amplification, by the polymerase chain reaction, of 16S rRNA genes from extracted DNA using AOB-specific primers. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences coupled with DGGE and specific probing revealed temporal and spatial effects in community structure of AOBs. In the summer, genus level selection of AOBs was observed with Nitrosospira dominating in the aggregate population and Nitrosomonas dominating in the planktonic phase. This was found in the surface waters of geographically distant sites within and outside the plume. Between-site differences were evident in the deeper waters with Nitrosospira-like sequences more abundant in plume diluted waters and Nitrosomonas like sequences more abundant outside this zone, while genus level selection between aggregate-associated and planktonic communities was not detected. In winter, a uniform pattern of AOB distribution emerged with an even distribution of two Nitrosospira sequences at each site on all aggregate and planktonic samples. The AOB community structure of sediment samples was not wholly resolved by application of direct molecular techniques and the culturable diversity was later examined by an enrichment-based approach. A laboratory-reared aggregate system was developed to assess the distribution and selection of inoculated pure and enrichment cultures of AOBs and to assess the effect of sampling technique on the observed community structure. Enclosed vessels containing North Sea water were rotated until aggregation of autochthonous particulate material formed discrete aggregates. No genus level selection of AOBs was observed in aggregate-associated and planktonic communities in North Sea water yet differences in the distribution of closely related sequences within cluster 1 Nitrosospira were observed between the two communities. Observed aggregate and planktonic community structure was affected by the method used to separate the two fractions. Active bacterial production was not necessary for aggregate formation if a pooled suspension of aggregates was sterilised and added to a medium of cell-free filtered sea water. Thus, the successful inoculation and retrieval of an N. multiformis culture within the cell free system suggested that it was appropriate for investigation of the colonisation dynamics of inoculated AOBs.
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Foucart, Renaud. "Essays in product diversity and urban transportation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209677.
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This dissertation is about games with a continuum of players and horizontal differentiation. The first chapter explains how price dispersion can be a feature of a competitive market with homogenous information and production costs. The second chapter extends the study to group consumption. The third chapter is about multiple equilibria in urban transportation.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Kasumu, Exildah Chibengele Chisha. "Improving exploitation of Pterocarpus angolensis : seed germination, micropropagation and genetic diversity". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU207620.
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Studies of seed dormancy breakage, micropropagation and genetic diversity were conducted on seed from Zambia and Zimbabwe. In seed dormancy breakage, nicking part of the seed coat and gibberellic acid treatments GA3 and GA4/7 were investigated. In Study 1) nicking had significantly higher germination, with a rate of 99% within five days of sowing, whereas GA3 treatment and the control had 65 and 69% germination respectively after four weeks. In study 2) 36, 36, 55 and > 91% germination were obtained with GA4/7, GA3, the control and nicking respectively after six weeks. In micropropagation experiments designed to investigate the optimum conditions for plantlet production, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), isopentenyl-adenine (2-iP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were tested for shoot induction of cuttings from four weeks old P. angolensis seedlings. BAP at 5 mg.l-1 had significantly higher shoot multiplication compared to 0 - 2 mg.l-1 BAP concentrations. Sprouted axillary buds in 0.1 to 2 mg.l-1 TDZ treated cuttings did not elongate to usable sizes compared with BAP treated shoots. 2-iP at 0.5 - 5 mg.l-1 produced roots instead of shoots. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the control were tested for ability to root cuttings. IAA at 1 mg.l-1 and IBA at 1- 4 mg.1-1 had a significantly higher number of roots. The control was efficient in root production. Using RAPD markers, within population genetic variation was revealed. Moderately high population differentiation of PHIst = 0.165 and 0.192 were found in two studies. This revealed significant gene flow between populations. These studies can be used to guide sustainable management, utilisation and domestication of P. angolensis in the future.
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Seamon, Mark Jeffrey. "1W (flexible casting) diversity and doubleness in Anna Deavere Smith's On the road: a search for American character /". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117221328.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 279 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 238-279). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Fesko, J. V. "Diversity within the Reformed tradition : supra- and infralapsarianism in Calvin, Dort, and Westminster". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU113023.
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Recent analyses of the relationship between Calvin and Reformed theology argue that post-Reformation Reformed theologians distorted the John Calvin's doctrine of predestination. Scholars argue that it was scholasticism and rationalism that turned Calvin's biblical doctrine of predestination into an arid metaphysical system of decrees. This thesis argues contra the modern critics that post-Reformation Reformed theologians did not distort Calvin's doctrine of predestination but rather modified it. The thesis accomplishes this by comparing the lapsarian views of Calvin, the Synod of Dort, and the Westminster Confession of Faith. The thesis demonstrates that Calvin was a supralapsarian and that Dort and Westminster are infralapsarian.
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Ofori, Daniel Aninagyei. "Genetic diversity and its implications for the management and conservation of Milicia species". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU142070.
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This study describes the population genetic structure of Milicia species sampled from different provenances distributed over 5 countries (Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Cameroon and Tanzania). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter sample sequence repeats (ISSR) variation in 41 accessions from 5 different populations were consistent with each other. Analysis of molecular variance partitioned RAPD and ISSR variation into within- and between-population components. The between-population variation component was large, accounting for 62.2% and 71.5% for RAPD and ISSR respectively. Dendrogram analysis produced 2 major clusters separating dry zone accessions (mainly M. excelsa) from moist/wet zone accessions (mainly M. regia). Sub-clustering further separated accessions by forest type and/or geographic region. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genes involved the use of nucleotide sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and microsatellites. Only one region (5' to trnS) out of 6 regions analysed was polymorphic and revealed 3 different cytotypes. The distribution of the cytotypes matched with the 2 major clusters produced by the dominant markers. Wet/moist and dry zone bands were identified with little evidence of gene flow between populations. Seed mediated gene flow estimated from the chloroplast analysis was small (Nm = 0.23). To relate these molecular information with Phytolyma resistance, field provenance and progeny trials were conducted. Accessions from wet/moist zones were more tolerant to Phytolyma than accessions from dry zone. The data also suggest that accessions bearing the wet/moist zone specific markers have a high probability of being tolerant to Phytolyma. The approaches outlined and the results have general applicability in the sustainability of Milicia spp. and are discussed in relation to germplasm sampling, management and conservation of genetic recourses of Milicia species.
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Girvan, Martina Susanna. "Pollutant pressure effects on the diversity, stability and function of the soil microbial community". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU142035.
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This study aims to investigate the link between genetic functioning and diversity, and to establish a relationship, if any, between that diversity and the stability of the community. Extreme transient perturbations were performed, using repeat chloroform fumigations, to reduce the community to its lowest genetic level (0.7% of the DNA of the control population). Severe reduction in community diversity and selection for bacilli was initially observed, the community subsequently recovered (6 months) to its previous diversity but was altered in community composition, bacilli were no longer dominant. Perturbations using benzene resulted in a reduced genetic diversity (16S rDNA and DGGE) which did not recover (after 4 weeks). However, full recovery was observed for culturable cell numbers, DNA concentration and community level physiological profile (Biolog)., suggesting high levels of genetic redundancy within soil. Investigation of the relationship between diversity and stability was performed by perturbing soils with naturally differing levels of diversity (Sourhope>Boyndie) to equivalent toxicity, using copper and benzene. Large decreases in biomass were observed for both soils after benzene perturbation. Assuming successful equivalent toxicity, the genetic diversity of the naturally more diverse soil was more resistant to benzene perturbation than the less diverse soil. The broad scale function of both benzene-treated soil communities was unaffected (14C-labelled wheat shoot mineralisation). Narrow niche function was impaired for both soils (14C-labelled 2,4-DCP mineralisation). The Sourhope soil recovered this function by the end of the experiment, but Boyndie did not. The genetic diversity of both soils was resistant to copper perturbation despite biomass decreases. Initial shifts in physiological profiles of both soils was observed but rapidly returned to that of the control. In conclusion, diversity-stability relationships may exist in soil communities, despite generally being an extremely robust system.
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Ranjan, Vivek Kumar. "Search for molecular diversity of metallo-B-lactamase genes in eubacterial isolates of Karala and Mahananda rivers of West Bengal". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4663.
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Carter, Tobias John. "The effects of substrate diversity on the behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU068335.
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An artificial stream tank was constructed at the SOAFD Smolt Rearing Station at Almondbank, for investigations into the effects of substrate diversity on the behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon. The tank incorporated 2 experimental arenas and the environmental parameters water depth, water velocity, light and substrate arrangement could be altered independently. Wild juvenile Atlantic salmon from a nearby river system were used in this study. The fish were tagged using a custom designed, fingerling-type tap to allow for individual identification and detailed analysis of fish location within an overhead video image. The fish were found to spend more time among the experimental substrates than outwith the substrate arena irrespective of substrate arrangement. When among the experimental substrates, salmon parr were found to vary time budgets depending upon the diversity of the substrate within the experimental arena, with more time spent moving and less time stationary within a uniform over a diverse substrate. This difference in the time spent moving was accounted for by a difference in the frequency of events while the difference in time spent stationary was a result of differences in the duration of individual events. Within a diverse substrate fewer agonistic encounters occurred among the fish, which was linked with an increase in the frequency of hiding behaviour and an increase in the carrying capacity of the experimental arena, when compared with a uniform substrate arena. Occupied sites were highly clumped in distribution in both diverse and uniform substrates. The population utilisation distributions of the substrate arenas contained more core areas, which were smaller in area, for a diverse substrate compared with a uniform substrate. This indicated the highly localised nature of the preferred sites within a diverse arena.
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Bluhm, Beatriz Ewald Abraços. "Diversidade e executive search : um estudo comparativo sobre os efeitos do género, raça e nacionalidade". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19167.
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Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosA diversidade é um tema relevante para as empresas pois, além das questões éticas que envolvem o respeito pelo outro, impacta no resultado dos negócios. Pesquisas demonstram que o incentivo à diversidade no local de trabalho influencia a criação de um ambiente promotor para exposição de ideias e soluções diferenciadas na resolução de problemas. Tendo por base os estudos que sugerem a influência dos líderes em ambientes com diversidade e a prática de muitas organizações em contratarem empresas de recrutamento e seleção especializadas nas posições de topo (empresas de Executive Search), o objetivo da presente dissertaçao é investigar se o processo de recrutamento e seleção dos executivos, por parte de consultores destas empresas, inclui preocupações de diversidade, nomeadamente no que diz respeito às questões de género, raça e nacionalidade. Essa análise é realizada de forma comparativa entre o contexto português e brasileiro e tem por base informações recolhidas através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com consultores especializados na atração e seleção de executivos nos dois países. A amostra é composta por 18 consultores de empresas membros da AESC (Association of Executive Search and Leadership Consultants). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que nos dois contextos existe um processo de recrutamento e seleção de executivos estruturado e que há a prática de incluir perfis com diversidade nestes processos, ainda que de forma não sistematizada. Assim, há ainda espaço para que a diversidade possa ser mais frequentemente integrada nos processos de recrutamento e seleção ao nível das empresas de Executive Search e das empresas-cliente.
Diversity is a relevant subject for companies, as in addition to ethical issues that involve respect for others, it impacts the business outcomes. Research shows that encouraging diversity in the workplace influences the creation of an environment that promotes the exposure of ideas and differentiated solutions for problem solving. Considering the existing literature suggesting the influence of leaders for an environment with diversity and the practice of organizations to hire specialized recruitment and selection services firms for top positions (Executive Search companies), the main goal of the present dissertation is to investigate how the issues of gender, race and nationality effect the recruiting processes used by these companies. A comparative approach between how these companies operate in Portugal and Brazil is also offered. The data was collected via a qualitative methodology and use of semi-structured interviews, which were answered by specialized consultants in regard to the attraction and selection of high executives in the two countries. These interviews were given by 18 consultants, from companies which are members of the AESC (Association of Executive Search and Leadership Consultants). The results show that in both corporate environments the companies operated within a well-structured process of recruitment and selection of these high executives. Concerns with diversity were also present and incorporated into the consultant's practices, even if not systematically. Yet, the research has found that there is plenty of room for improvement, especially in regard to institutionalizing these diversity policies within the Executive Search companies modus operandi as well as client-companies.
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Bosc, Guillaume. "Anytime discovery of a diverse set of patterns with Monte Carlo tree search". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI074/document.
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La découverte de motifs qui caractérisent fortement une classe vis à vis d'une autre reste encore un problème difficile en fouille de données. La découverte de sous-groupes (Subgroup Discovery, SD) est une approche formelle de fouille de motifs qui permet la construction de classifieurs intelligibles mais surtout d'émettre des hypothèses sur les données. Cependant, cette approche fait encore face à deux problèmes majeurs : (i) comment définir des mesures de qualité appropriées pour caractériser l'intérêt d'un motif et (ii) comment sélectionner une méthode heuristique adaptée lorsqu’une énumération exhaustive de l'espace de recherche n'est pas réalisable. Le premier problème a été résolu par la fouille de modèles exceptionnels (Exceptional Model Mining, EMM) qui permet l'extraction de motifs couvrant des objets de la base de données pour lesquels le modèle induit sur les attributs de classe est significativement différent du modèle induit par l'ensemble des objets du jeu de données. Le second problème a été étudié en SD et EMM principalement avec la mise en place de méthodes heuristiques de type recherche en faisceau (beam-search) ou avec des algorithmes génétiques qui permettent la découverte de motifs non redondants, diversifiés et de bonne qualité. Dans cette thèse, nous soutenons que la nature gloutonne des méthodes d'énumération précédentes génère cependant des ensembles de motifs manquant de diversité. Nous définissons formellement la fouille de données comme un jeu que nous résolvons par l'utilisation de la recherche arborescente de Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo Tree Search, MCTS), une technique récente principalement utilisée pour la résolution de jeux et de problèmes de planning en intelligence artificielle. Contrairement aux méthodes traditionnelles d'échantillonnage, MCTS donne la possibilité d'obtenir une solution à tout instant sans qu'aucune hypothèse ne soit faite que ce soit sur la mesure de qualité ou sur les données. Cette méthode d'énumération converge vers une approche exhaustive si les budgets temps et mémoire disponibles sont suffisants. Le compromis entre l'exploration et l'exploitation que propose cette approche permet une augmentation significative de la diversité dans l'ensemble des motifs calculés. Nous montrons que la recherche arborescente de Monte Carlo appliquée à la fouille de motifs permet de trouver rapidement un ensemble de motifs diversifiés et de bonne qualité à l'aide d'expérimentations sur des jeux de données de référence et sur un jeu de données réel traitant de l'olfaction. Nous proposons et validons également une nouvelle mesure de qualité spécialement conçue pour des jeux de donnée multi labels présentant une grande variance de fréquences des labelsThe discovery of patterns that strongly distinguish one class label from another is still a challenging data-mining task. Subgroup Discovery (SD) is a formal pattern mining framework that enables the construction of intelligible classifiers, and, most importantly, to elicit interesting hypotheses from the data. However, SD still faces two major issues: (i) how to define appropriate quality measures to characterize the interestingness of a pattern; (ii) how to select an accurate heuristic search technique when exhaustive enumeration of the pattern space is unfeasible. The first issue has been tackled by Exceptional Model Mining (EMM) for discovering patterns that cover tuples that locally induce a model substantially different from the model of the whole dataset. The second issue has been studied in SD and EMM mainly with the use of beam-search strategies and genetic algorithms for discovering a pattern set that is non-redundant, diverse and of high quality. In this thesis, we argue that the greedy nature of most such previous approaches produces pattern sets that lack diversity. Consequently, we formally define pattern mining as a game and solve it with Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), a recent technique mainly used for games and planning problems in artificial intelligence. Contrary to traditional sampling methods, MCTS leads to an any-time pattern mining approach without assumptions on either the quality measure or the data. It converges to an exhaustive search if given enough time and memory. The exploration/exploitation trade-off allows the diversity of the result set to be improved considerably compared to existing heuristics. We show that MCTS quickly finds a diverse pattern set of high quality in our application in neurosciences. We also propose and validate a new quality measure especially tuned for imbalanced multi-label data
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Xie, Zhibin y 謝志斌. "Religious liberty, religious diversity, and religion in politics: in search of an appropriate role ofreligion in public political culture for a democratic China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577767.
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Xie, Zhibin. "Religious liberty, religious diversity, and religion in politics in search of an appropriate role of religion in public political culture for a democratic China /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577767.
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Dey, Pannalal. "Search for agriculturally important microorganisms from soils of river basins, forests and crop fields in the terai-dooars of North Bengal and analysis of their diversity". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1423.
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Kucuktunc, Onur. "Result Diversification on Spatial, Multidimensional, Opinion, and Bibliographic Data". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374148621.
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Servajean, Maximilien. "Recommandation diversifiée et distribuée pour les données scientifiques". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20216/document.
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Dans de nombreux domaines, les nouvelles technologies d'acquisition de l'information ou encore de mesure (e.g. serres de phénotypage robotisées) ont engendré une création phénoménale de données. Nous nous appuyons en particulier sur deux cas d'application réels: les observations de plantes en botanique et les données de phénotypage en biologie. Cependant, nos contributions peuvent être généralisées aux données du Web. Par ailleurs, s'ajoute à la quantité des données leur distribution. Chaque utilisateur stocke en effet ses données sur divers sites hétérogènes (e.g. ordinateurs personnels, serveurs, cloud), données qu'il souhaite partager. Que ce soit pour les observations de botanique ou pour les données de phénotypage en biologie, des solutions collaboratives, comprenant des outils de recherche et de recommandation distribués, bénéficieraient aux utilisateurs. L'objectif général de ce travail est donc de définir un ensemble de techniques permettant le partage et la découverte de données, via l'application d'approches de recherche et de recommandation, dans un environnement distribué (e.g. sites hétérogènes).Pour cela, la recherche et la recommandation permettent aux utilisateurs de se voir présenter des résultats, ou des recommandations, à la fois pertinents par rapport à une requête qu'ils auraient soumise et par rapport à leur profil. Les techniques de diversification permettent de présenter aux utilisateurs des résultats offrant une meilleure nouveauté tout en évitant de les lasser par des contenus redondants et répétitifs. Grâce à la diversité, une distance entre toutes les recommandations est en effet introduite afin que celles-ci soient les plus représentatives possibles de l'ensemble des résultats pertinents. Peu de travaux exploitent la diversité des profils des utilisateurs partageant les données. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous montrons notamment que dans certains scénarios, diversifier les profils des utilisateurs apporte une nette amélioration en ce qui concerne la qualité des résultats~: des sondages montrent que dans plus de 75% des cas, les utilisateurs préfèrent la diversité des profils à celle des contenus. Par ailleurs, afin d'aborder les problèmes de distribution des données sur des sites hétérogènes, deux approches sont possibles. La première, les réseaux P2P, consiste à établir des liens entre chaque pair (noeud du réseau): étant donné un pair p, ceux avec lesquels il a établi un lien représentent son voisinage. Celui-ci est utilisé lorsque p soumet une requête q, pour y répondre. Cependant, dans les solutions de l'état de l'art, la redondance des profils des pairs présents dans les différents voisinages limitent la capacité du système à retrouver des résultats pertinents sur le réseau, étant donné les requêtes soumises par les utilisateurs. Nous montrons, dans ce travail, qu'introduire de la diversité dans le calcul du voisinage, en augmentant la couverture, permet un net gain en termes de qualité. En effet, en tenant compte de la diversité, chaque pair du voisinage a une plus forte probabilité de retourner des résultats nouveaux à l'utilisateur courant: lorsqu'une requête est soumise par un pair, notre approche permet de retrouver jusqu'à trois fois plus de bons résultats sur le réseau. La seconde approche de la distribution est le multisite. Généralement, dans les solutions de l'état de l'art, les sites sont homogènes et représentés par de gros centres de données. Dans notre contexte, nous proposons une approche permettant la collaboration de sites hétérogènes, tels que de petits serveurs d'équipe, des ordinateurs personnels ou de gros sites dans le cloud. Un prototype est issu de cette contribution. Deux versions du prototype ont été réalisées afin de répondre aux deux cas d'application, en s'adaptant notamment aux types des donnéesIn many fields, novel technologies employed in information acquisition and measurement (e.g. phenotyping automated greenhouses) are at the basis of a phenomenal creation of data. In particular, we focus on two real use cases: plants observations in botany and phenotyping data in biology. Our contributions can be, however, generalized to Web data. In addition to their huge volume, data are also distributed. Indeed, each user stores their data in many heterogeneous sites (e.g. personal computers, servers, cloud); yet he wants to be able to share them. In both use cases, collaborative solutions, including distributed search and recommendation techniques, could benefit to the user.Thus, the global objective of this work is to define a set of techniques enabling sharing and discovery of data in heterogeneous distributed environment, through the use of search and recommendation approaches.For this purpose, search and recommendation allow users to be presented sets of results, or recommendations, that are both relevant to the queries submitted by the users and with respect to their profiles. Diversification techniques allow users to receive results with better novelty while avoiding redundant and repetitive content. By introducing a distance between each result presented to the user, diversity enables to return a broader set of relevant items.However, few works exploit profile diversity, which takes into account the users that share each item. In this work, we show that in some scenarios, considering profile diversity enables a consequent increase in results quality: surveys show that in more than 75% of the cases, users would prefer profile diversity to content diversity.Additionally, in order to address the problems related to data distribution among heterogeneous sites, two approaches are possible. First, P2P networks aim at establishing links between peers (nodes of the network): creating in this way an overlay network, where peers directly connected to a given peer p are known as his neighbors. This overlay is used to process queries submitted by each peer. However, in state of the art solutions, the redundancy of the peers in the various neighborhoods limits the capacity of the system to retrieve relevant items on the network, given the queries submitted by the users. In this work, we show that introducing diversity in the computation of the neighborhood, by increasing the coverage, enables a huge gain in terms of quality. By taking into account diversity, each peer in a given neighborhood has indeed, a higher probability to return different results given a keywords query compared to the other peers in the neighborhood. Whenever a query is submitted by a peer, our approach can retrieve up to three times more relevant items than state of the art solutions.The second category of approaches is called multi-site. Generally, in state of the art multi-sites solutions, the sites are homogeneous and consist in big data centers. In our context, we propose an approach enabling sharing among heterogeneous sites, such as small research teams servers, personal computers or big sites in the cloud. A prototype regrouping all contributions have been developed, with two versions addressing each of the use cases considered in this thesis
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Chenu, Alexandre. "Leveraging sequentiality in Robot Learning : Application of the Divide & Conquer paradigm to Neuro-Evolution and Deep Reinforcement Learning". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS342.
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"Pour réussir, il ne suffit pas de prévoir, il faut aussi savoir improviser." Cette citation d’Isaac Asimov, père fondateur de la robotique et auteur des Trois lois de la robotique, souligne toute l’importance d’être capable de s’adapter et d’agir dans l’instant présent pour réussir. Même si, aujourd’hui, les robots peuvent résoudre des tâches d’une complexité qui était inimaginable il y a encore quelques années, ces capacités d’adaptation leur font encore défaut, ce qui les empêche d’être déployé à une plus grande échelle. Pour remédier à ce manque d’adaptabilité, les roboticiens utilisent des algorithmes d’apprentissage afin de permettre aux robots de résoudre des tâches complexes de manière autonome. Deux types d’algorithmes d’apprentissage sont particulièrement adaptés à l’apprentissage autonome de contrôleurs par les robots : l’apprentissage profond par renforcement et la neuro-évolution. Cependant, ces deux classes d’algorithmes ne sont capables de résoudre des problèmes d’exploration difficiles, c’est-à- dire des problèmes avec un horizon long et un signal de récompense rare, que s’ils sont guidés dans leur processus d’apprentissage. Différentes approches peuvent être envisagées pour permettre à un robot de résoudre un tel problème sans être guidé. Une première approche consiste à rechercher une diversité de comportements plutôt qu’un comportement spécifique. L’idée étant que parmi cette diversité, certains comportements seront probablement capables de résoudre la tâche qui nous intéresse. Nous les appelons les algorithmes de recherche de diversité. Une deuxième approche consiste à guider le processus d’apprentissage en utilisant des démonstrations fournies par un expert. C’est ce qu’on appelle l’apprentissage par démonstration. Cependant, chercher des comportements divers ou apprendre par démonstration peut être inefficace dans certains contextes. En effet, la recherche de comportements divers peut être fastidieuse si l’environnement est complexe. D’autre part, l’apprentissage à partir d’une seule et unique démonstration peut être très difficile. Dans cette thèse, nous tentons d’améliorer l’efficacité des approches de recherche par diversité et d’apprentissage à partir d’une seule démonstration dans des problèmes d’exploration difficiles. Pour ce faire, nous supposons que les comportements robotiques complexes peuvent être décomposés en sous-comportements plus simples. Sur la base de ce biais séquentiel, nous adoptons une stratégie dite de "diviser-pour-régner", qui est bien connue pour être efficace lorsque le problème est composable. Nous proposons deux approches en particulier. Premièrement, après avoir identifié certaines limites des algorithmes de recherche de diversité basés sur la l’évolution de réseaux de neurones artificiels, nous proposons Novelty Search Skill Chaining. Cet algorithme combine la recherche de diversité avec l’enchaînement de compétences pour naviguer efficacement dans des labyrinthes qui sont difficiles à explorer pour des algorithmes de l’état-de-l’art. Dans une deuxième série de contributions, nous proposons les algorithmes Divide & Conquer Imitation Learning. L’intuition derrière ces méthodes est de décomposer la tâche complexe d’apprentissage à partir d’une seule démonstration en plusieurs sous-tâches plus simples consistant à atteindre des sous-buts successifs. DCIL-II, la variante la plus avancée, est capable d’apprendre des comportements de marche pour des robots humanoïdes sous-actionnés avec une efficacité sans précédent. Au-delà de souligner l’efficacité du paradigme de diviser-pour-régner dans l’apprentissage des robots, cette thèse met également en évidence les difficultés qui peuvent survenir lorsqu’on compose de comportements, même dans des environnements élémentaires. Il faudra inévitablement résoudre ces difficultés avant d’appliquer ces algorithmes directement à des robots réels. C’est peut-être une condition nécessaire pour le succès des prochaines générations [...]“To succeed, planning alone is insufficient. One must improvise as well.” This quote from Isaac Asimov, founding father of robotics and author of the Three Laws of Robotics, emphasizes the importance of being able to adapt and think on one’s feet to achieve success. Although robots can nowadays resolve highly complex tasks, they still need to gain those crucial adaptability skills to be deployed on a larger scale. Robot Learning uses learning algorithms to tackle this lack of adaptability and to enable robots to solve complex tasks autonomously. Two types of learning algorithms are particularly suitable for robots to learn controllers autonomously: Deep Reinforcement Learning and Neuro-Evolution. However, both classes of algorithms often cannot solve Hard Exploration Problems, that is problems with a long horizon and a sparse reward signal, unless they are guided in their learning process. One can consider different approaches to tackle those problems. An option is to search for a diversity of behaviors rather than a specific one. The idea is that among this diversity, some behaviors will be able to solve the task. We call these algorithms Diversity Search algorithms. A second option consists in guiding the learning process using demonstrations provided by an expert. This is called Learning from Demonstration. However, searching for diverse behaviors or learning from demonstration can be inefficient in some contexts. Indeed, finding diverse behaviors can be tedious if the environment is complex. On the other hand, learning from demonstration can be very difficult if only one demonstration is available. This thesis attempts to improve the effectiveness of Diversity Search and Learning from Demonstration when applied to Hard Exploration Problems. To do so, we assume that complex robotics behaviors can be decomposed into reaching simpler sub-goals. Based on this sequential bias, we try to improve the sample efficiency of Diversity Search and Learning from Demonstration algorithms by adopting Divide & Conquer strategies, which are well-known for their efficiency when the problem is composable. Throughout the thesis, we propose two main strategies. First, after identifying some limitations of Diversity Search algorithms based on Neuro-Evolution, we propose Novelty Search Skill Chaining. This algorithm combines Diversity Search with Skill- Chaining to efficiently navigate maze environments that are difficult to explore for state-of-the-art Diversity Search. In a second set of contributions, we propose the Divide & Conquer Imitation Learning algorithms. The key intuition behind those methods is to decompose the complex task of learning from a single demonstration into several simpler goal-reaching sub-tasks. DCIL-II, the most advanced variant, can learn walking behaviors for under-actuated humanoid robots with unprecedented efficiency. Beyond underlining the effectiveness of the Divide & Conquer paradigm in Robot Learning, this work also highlights the difficulties that can arise when composing behaviors, even in elementary environments. One will inevitably have to address these difficulties before applying these algorithms directly to real robots. It may be necessary for the success of the next generations of robots, as outlined by Asimov
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes April 4, 2016". University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607797.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes December 5, 2016". University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622453.
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Bonotto, Edison Luiz. "Otimização por Nuvem de Partículas e Busca Tabu para Problema da Diversidade Máxima". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9036.
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The Maximu m Diversity Problem (MDP) is a problem of combinatorial optimization area that aims to select a pre-set number of elements in a given set so that a sum of the differences between the selected elements are greater as possible. MDP belongs to the class of NP-Hard problems, that is, there is no known algorithm that solves in polynomial time accurately. Because they have a complexity of exponential order, require efficient heuristics to provide satisfactory results in acceptable time. However, heuristics do not guarantee the optimality of the solution found. This paper proposes a new hybrid approach for a resolution of the Maximum Diversity Problem and is based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Tabu Search (TS) metaheuristics, The algorithm is called PSO_TS. The use of PSO_TS achieves the best results for known instances testing in the literature, thus demonstrating be competitive with the best algorithms in terms of quality of the solutions.
O Problema da Diversidade Máxima (MDP) é um problema da área de Otimização Combinatória que tem por objetivo selecionar um número pré-estabelecido de elementos de um dado conjunto de maneira tal que a soma das diversidades entre os elementos selecionados seja a maior possível. O MDP pertence a classe de problemas NP-difícil, isto é, não existe algoritmo conhecido que o resolva de forma exata em tempo polinomial. Por apresentarem uma complexidade de ordem exponencial, exigem heurísticas eficientes que forneçam resultados satisfatórios em tempos aceitáveis. Entretanto, as heurísticas não garantem otimalidade da solução encontrada. Este trabalho propõe uma nova abordagem híbrida para a resolução do Problema da Diversidade Máxima e está baseada nas meta-heurísticas de Otimização por Nuvem de Partículas (PSO) e Busca Tabu(TS). O algoritmo foi denominado PSO_TS. Para a validação do método, os resultados encontrados são comparados com os melhores existentes na literatura.
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Delord, Julien. "L'extinction d'espèce : histoire et enjeux éthiques d'un concept écologique". Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002110850204611&vid=upec.
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La biodiversité mondiale est victime d'une crise d'extinction majeure qui s'accompagne indéniablement d'une crise morale pour l'humanité. Nous avons ainsi été menés à comprendre dans quelle mesure la disparition des espèces constituait un objet légitime de souci éthique et quels arguments philosophiques étaient avancés pour justifier la protection des espèces. Il nous a aussi fallu saisir les causes historiques de cette tardive prise de conscience écologique de l'humanité, qui, jusque là, avait provoqué l'extinction de centaines d'espèces sans s'en soucier. Nous avons donc retracé à l'échelle de l'histoire humaine la lente élaboration intellectuelle de l'idée d'extinction ainsi que la formalisation scientifique de ce concept. Enfin, nous avons tenté de cerner la notion d'extinction, grâce à l'idée de mort individuelle, par une démarche phénoménologique et épistémologique comparée, ce qui nous a conduit à formuler une solution originale aux problématiques de conservation de la natureGlobal biodiversity is presently falling victim to a major extinction crisis, which also implicates a moral crisis for the human species. In this work, we attempt to understand the extent to what the extinction of species is a legitimate subject of moral concern and we consider which philosophical arguments are formulated to justify the protection of species. We also investigate the historical causes behind this delayed awareness of the ecological significance of extinction. Both the slow intellectual development of the idea of extinction thoughout human history and the scientific emergence of the concept are explained. Finally, we investigate the notion of extinction through the idea of individual death. We employ a comparative phenomenological and epistemological approach towards death and extinction, which leads us to expound an original solution to the isuue of nature conservation
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Sall, Saïdou Nourou. "Importance des relations "Résidus végétaux-Communautés microbienne" sur les processus de décomposition dans un sol ferrugineux tropical (Sénégal) : effet de la disponibilité de l'azote". Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002156110204611&vid=upec.
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L'influence de la qualité de la litière et le rôle des micro-organismes ainsi que leur besoin en nutriment (N minéral) sur les processus de décomposition ont été étudiés dans un sol sableux tropical. Différentes approches expérimentales complémentaires ont montré que l'activité (flux de C et N, activités enzymatiques) et la biomasse microbienne dépendent de la qualité des substrats apportés et des interactions possibles entre les molécules. L'influence des caractéristiques initiales de la communauté microbienne a été étudiée selon une approche dans laquelle la diversité microbienne (structure et fonction) a été modifiée sous l'effet de pratiques culturales. La disponibilité en N minéral a un effet variable sur l'activité, l'abondance des micro-organismes selon la composition de la litière ajoutée et influence par ailleurs la diversité moléculaire (DGGE) des communautés fongiques. La quantification des processus en utilisant des résidus marqués 13C et 15N a montré que le ± Priming Effect α est fonction de la qualité du résidu apportéThe relationship between organic residues and the microbial communities in a tropical sandy soil and its effects on CO2 and mineral N respiration were studied, taking into account the effect of the composition of the residues as well as the genetic and catabolic diversity of the microbial communities involved in this process. The experiments were carried out in controlled laboratory conditions and showed that the biochemical composition of the residues determined the activity (C and N respiration, enzyme activities) and the microbial biomass. However, the formation of complexes between the nitrogen released during decomposition and other components of the organic residues (phenols) slowed the process. The fungal community was the most sensitive to the addition of litter at the same time as mineral nitrogen. The addition of litter stimulated the decomposition of the organic matter in the soil (priming effect) to a degree that varied depending on the composition of the residues. The effect of the catabolic diversity of the microbial community was particularly evident during the initial hours of decomposition
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes May 2, 2016". University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620124.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes October 5, 2015". University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581963.
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Thuy, Nguyen y Levan Asambadze. "Rapid and safe international expansion - is it possible? The case of Rezidor Hotel Group : The global market has become broadened and diversified at great pace, leading to the increasing demand for hospitality business and in particular for hotel industry (Rutherford & O'Fallon, 2007, p.14). However, globalization not only creates opportunities for hotel firms but also changes their business environment into fierce battlefield. In order to be competitive in conditions of fierce international competition, hotel firms need to acquire international presence and recognition. Thus, hotel firms must apply wise strategies regarding its international expansion, which invigorates them to search for new locations in an effort to diversify service and increase their flexibility to guarantee their survival and sustain their development (Rodriguez, 2002)". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10081.
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Carrizosa, Santiago. "Prospecting for biodiversity the search for legal and institutional frameworks /". 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38420561.html.
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Kolla, Maheedhar. "Novelty and Diversity in Retrieval Evaluation". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7197.
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Queries submitted to search engines rarely provide a complete and precise
description of a user's information need.
Most queries are ambiguous to some extent, having multiple interpretations.
For example, the seemingly unambiguous query ``tennis lessons'' might be submitted
by a user interested in attending classes in her neighborhood, seeking lessons
for her child, looking for online videos lessons, or planning to start a business
teaching tennis.
Search engines face the challenging task of satisfying different groups of users
having diverse information needs associated with a given query.
One solution is to optimize ranking functions to satisfy diverse sets of information
needs.
Unfortunately, existing evaluation frameworks do not support such optimization.
Instead, ranking functions are rewarded for satisfying the most likely intent
associated with a given query.
In this thesis, we propose a framework and associated evaluation metrics that are
capable of optimizing ranking functions to satisfy diverse information needs.
Our proposed measures explicitly reward those ranking functions capable of presenting
the user with information that is novel with respect to previously viewed
documents.
Our measures reflects quality of a ranking function by taking into account its
ability to satisfy diverse users submitting a query.
Moreover, the task of identifying and establishing test frameworks to compare
ranking functions on a web-scale can be tedious.
One reason for this problem is the dynamic nature of the web, where documents
are constantly added and updated, making it necessary for search engine developers
to seek additional human assessments.
Along with issues of novelty and diversity, we explore one approximate
approach to compare different ranking functions by overcoming the problem of
lacking complete human assessments.
We demonstrate that our approach is capable of accurately sorting ranking
functions based on their capability of satisfying diverse users, even in the
face of incomplete human assessments.
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von, Keitz Michael. "A Search for Maximal Diversity Amongst Paired Prisoner's Dilemma Strategies". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3210.
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Previous research has identified linear boundaries within a normalized unit square for specific paired strategies within the iterated prisoner's dilemma schema. In this work, general methods of capturing linear boundaries are developed and demonstrated on a wider variety of paired strategies. The method is also tested using an alternate scoring method. An application of Burnside's Lemma simplifies the number of neighbourhood configurations to be considered. In addition, Shannon entropy is used as a means of evaluating diversity of agents evolved with different payoff matrices, by which one might locate a game that is as balanced as possible.
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Chiang, Chung-Lun y 江忠倫. "Aggregating Multi-Resources to Improve the Diversity of Search Engine Result Pages". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35791180022806804451.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
102
Previous work on snippet generation focused mainly on how to produce one snippet for an individual search result. This paper aims to generate snippets as a comprehensive overview for an entity query (e.g., flu) in a search-result page. Our approach first extracts the attributes (e.g., symptom and diagnose) of the categories (e.g., disease) from multi-resources including a community-based question-answering (CQA) website, an online encyclopedia website and suggestions from a commercial search engine. Then, we generate the snippets based on how central a sentence is to the query, its category, and how well it diversifies the attributes from multi-resources. Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is adopted to find the optimal sentence set. After finding the initial set of sentences, we further improve the result by aggregate the search-result page(SERP) of the query''s suggestion words. The experiments are conducted on Wikipedia, Yahoo! Answers, Google Search. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, compared to an existing commercial search engine and several summarization baselines.
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"Observations, Values, and Beliefs about Ethnic/Racial Diversity by Members of Community College Faculty Search Committees". Doctoral diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.8707.
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abstract: As open-door institutions, community colleges provide access to students from a wide range of backgrounds, experiences, and cultures. Yet while enrollment of students of color in community colleges continues to increase, representation by faculty of color has not. This qualitative study investigated community college faculty search committee members' implicit and subjective observations, values, and beliefs about ethnic/racial diversity in order to gain an understanding of how they may influence the faculty hiring process. The researcher interviewed 12 subjects-- administrators and faculty members at three community colleges in a large district in the southwest region of the United States--who served on faculty search committees from 2006-2009. Findings revealed three major themes: (a) the communication of diversity; (b) search committee dynamics with the sub-themes of role of the chair, role of administration, and the issue of time; and (c) subjects' observations, values, and beliefs, with the sub-themes of conflict, the idea of a "good fit," colorblindness, self-perception of having attained enlightenment about diversity, and the blaming of applicant pools. Discussion of the results was facilitated by utilizing three critical race theory constructs: (a) the pervasiveness of racism as ordinary and normal, (b) the use of Whiteness as the normative standard, and (c) the rejection of liberalism. The findings support the literature's assertion that colleges and faculty search committees can publically claim to value diversity but engage in practices that are incongruent with such claims. Despite the best institutional rhetoric on faculty diversity, failure to address search committee members' values, beliefs, and behaviors will result in little change. Communication and effective leadership can help increase faculty of color representation at community colleges. Communication about the relevance and practical application of diversity should be strong and consistent. Additionally, search committee definitions of "qualified" need to be challenged specific to members' colorblindness and beliefs in the effectiveness of meritocracy. Moreover, leadership is needed to advocate and hold people responsible and accountable for inclusive practices. Critical race theory served as a useful theoretical framework to identify the obstacles and analyze policies and power structures that facilitate underrepresentation of faculty of color in community colleges.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2010
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Good, James Allan. "A search for unity in diversity: The "permanent Hegelian deposit" in the philosophy of John Dewey". Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17969.
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This study demonstrates that Dewey did not reject Hegelianism during the 1890s, as scholars maintain, but developed a humanistic/historicist reading that was indebted to an American Hegelian tradition. Scholars have misunderstood the "permanent Hegelian deposit" in Dewey's thought because they have not fully appreciated this American Hegelian tradition and have assumed that his Hegelianism was based primarily on British neo-Hegelianism.
The study examines the American reception of Hegel in the nineteenth-century by intellectuals as diverse as James Marsh and Frederic Henry Hedge and how it flowered in late nineteenth-century St. Louis. The St. Louis Hegelians read Hegel as a particularly practical and politically liberal philosopher whose social philosophy promoted both social diversity and unity. Led by W. T. Harris, they studied Hegel in German and published their own scholarship, as well as translations of German scholarship, in their Journal of Speculative Philosophy. Their efforts to make "Hegel talk English" and to base the St. Louis public schools on Hegel's philosophy of education won them national, and even, international attention. The St. Louis Hegelians sought to adapt Hegel's thought to their American context by assuaging elitist elements within it; Dewey's intellectual development was profoundly shaped by their appropriation of his philosophy.
Dewey drew upon Hegel's argument that humans form societies because of their differences, not in spite of them. Hegel's rejection of the self-sufficient, atomistic individual entailed that the individual is dependent upon others for the satisfaction of material needs. Moreover, like Hegel, Dewey rejected the hedonistic basis of the British political tradition by arguing that humans seek recognition from their equals as well as satisfaction of material needs. Dewey believed Hegel's emphasis upon equality and diversity provided a model of society in which there was fertile ground for the individual to conceive and articulate cultural criticism. The study ends by comparing recent Hegel scholarship to Dewey's, demonstrating that American Hegelianism has returned, in important ways, to a Deweyan reading of Hegel.
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Yuan, Sandy Wei Wei. "RAG activity and BCR/TCR diversity : an investigation on the effects of RAG levels on joint diversity and a search for RAG-like activity in murine germ cells /". 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR19663.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Biology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-108). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR19663
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Hobbs, Mary. "Cultural diversity and the search for common ground : a social constructionist perspective on collaborative resource management planning in Southwestern Colorado /". 2000. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Miti, Bambo. "In search of an Ecumenical Pentecostal Ecclesiology: a critical analysis of Kӓrkkӓinen’s Ecclesiology". Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27085.
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Pentecostalism has always been regarded as a movement that does not have all the
ecclesiastical qualities that qualify it to be called a fully-fledged tradition alongside other
major streams of Protestantism. Contrary to popular theologies that undermine the great
role that the Pentecostal tradition can play in the global church, modern Pentecostal
theologies agree that most of the misconceptions and assumption are misplaced because
the Pentecostal tradition is a rich tradition with vital elements and symbols necessary to
advance the ecumenical goal of unity and reconciliation. Based on this perception that
Pentecostal ecclesiology is ecumenical, this research critically analyses Pentecostal
ecclesiology as portrayed by Kärkkäinen in order to determine its ecumenicity or relevance
to the ecumenical goals of unity, tolerance and reconciliation. This research confronts the
paternalistic assumptions and misconception that regard Pentecostalism as simply a
superstitious and naive sect which is only relevant to the lower class by bringing out the
different elements and symbols within the tradition that are vital for the success and
development of the global church in a modern global context. Some of the critical elements
and symbols within the Pentecostal tradition that are explored within this study include÷
unity in diversity, the mission nature of the church, experiences of the Spirit as portrayed in
its Pneumatological Christology and Soteriology, its rapid adaptation to new global south
contexts and critical elements of inclusivity and plurality as portrayed in the foundations of
the tradition.Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology
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Correia, Sofia Isabel Faria. "In search of chemical treasure troves hidden in the sea: Exploring deep sea Actinobacteria chemical diversity by using the OSMAC approach". Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/138808.
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Cakata, Zethu. "In search of the absent voice : the status of indigenous languages in post-apartheid South Africa". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20147.
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Even though language formed part of the post-apartheid agenda which was set out to redress the ills of the pre-democratic South Africa, there are still concerns that the status of indigenous languages has not been elevated. Using decolonial work of Steve Biko, Ngugi wa Thiong’o and Frantz Fanon as theoretical lens, I aimed at exploring perceptions of key informants on post-apartheid language policies, young South Africans and parents /guardians toward indigenous languages. In-depth and narrative interviews were used to collect data from language policy key informants and young South Africans who started schooling after 1994 and focus group discussions with parents/guardians were held. Thematic, narrative and discourse analyses were used to analyse the data. Indigenous languages were perceived by participants as having an inferior status compared to languages of oppression and that was attributed to inferiority complex, lack of will from government to promote these languages and absent voice of indigenous language speakers in the fight for the status of indigenous languages. South Africa’s language diversity was also perceived as a challenge believed to contribute toward the difficulty of properly implementing post-apartheid language policies. The study results suggest a need for a stronger civil society which would assist in the dismantling of categorising languages as superior and inferior. Furthermore, the results point to a need for a more humanising approach which treats indigenous languages with respect.Psychology
D. Phil. (Psychology)
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Ting-Hsuan, Huang y 黃鼎軒. "Research on Juvenile Jurisdiction, Search and Diversion: Focusing on American Juvenile Jurisprudence". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nxrw85.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
102
Juvenile Delinquency Act was amended and announced in 29/10/1997. Compared to the old Juvenile Delinquency Act, the new one modified 82 articles and only 8 articles remained, the percentage of amending attain to 95%, which is the biggest growth of Juvenile Delinquency Act since it was announced from 1962. This paper is going to analyze the history of juvenile jurisdiction, school search, and diversion program, trying to introduce the solutions of those problems brought about from the practical operation of juvenile court in American juvenile jurisprudence. At first, this paper introduce American juvenile jurisdiction, comparing to the juvenile jurisdictions in Taiwan; giving suggestions of amending the law related to school searches in Taiwan. Second, during the period in school, students encounter the school searches conducted by the school staffs most frequently. In addressing such issue, by exhausting all the relevant sources of law, it is found that the only applicable regulation is “Precautionary Matters on Schools Enact Instruction of Counseling and Discipline of Students” promulgated by Ministry of Education. It regulates the subject, standard and place of school searches. Therefore, this paper analyzes the cases of school search in United States juvenile justice, comparing to the “Precautionary Matters” mentioned above; giving suggestions of amending the law related to school searches in Taiwan. In addition, this paper focuses on the inquiries of the methodology on the application of “Voluntariness” and “Third Party Consent Searches” to “Juvenile Delinquency Act” by taking the example of the Juvenile Justice in United States. This paper gives suggestions on such application and makes concluding remarks. Lastly, compared to the diversion programs in America and the referral in Taiwan, trying to find the solution between the diversion, which keeps the juvenile from entering to courts, and the referral, means keep the juvenile from courts after entering. To sum up, this paper argues that it should set up a “Diversion Committee’’ before juvenile entering to the court, then give suggestions in setting, members, process of diversion committee, and make conclusions of the paper.
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Benegas, Cristaldo Gladys S. "In search of a common market in the southern cone of Latin America MERCOSUR, trade creation, trade diversion, and policy implications /". 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33083923.html.
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