Tesis: "Diversification des Business Models"

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Crescenzo, Alessandro <1997&gt. "Risk management: diversification and multiple business models". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20525.

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This paper aims to explain and investigate the implementation and effectiveness of risk management strategies. In recent decades there have been continuous updates regarding the documentation of processes and risk management methods, on the other side there is not a corresponding adjustment by companies and it seems that many risks, although with a potential catastrophic impact, are completely neglected. Even the introduction of the chief risk officer didn’t prevent Covid-19 from causing significant damages. Through the use of different analysis, the substantial differences in the impact of Covid-19 in companies operating in the same sector will be highlighted, with the aim of underlining the causes and so the best risk management methods were implemented.

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2

Habibi, Rabeb. "Les mécanismes de performance de la diversification des business models : une analyse QCA des compagnies aériennes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2024/2024ULILD020.pdf.

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Malgré le nombre croissant d'entreprises déployant plusieurs Business Models simultanément, peu de recherches se sont intéressées au lien entre la diversification des Business Models et la performance. L'objectif de cette thèse est d’appréhender cette relation en étudiant les mécanismes qui lui sont sous-jacents. En utilisant des données provenant de l'industrie mondiale du transport aérien, nous avons réalisé dix-huit analyses QCA et documenté les choix relatifs aux mécanismes d'exploitation des synergies et de réduction des anti-synergies au sein des compagnies aériennes qui exploitent simultanément un Business Model Low-Cost parallèlement à leur Business Model originel à service complet. La mobilisation d’une approche configurationnelle, nous a permis d’identifier les configurations de mécanismes expliquant la performance et la haute performance d’un portefeuille de Business Models. Nos résultats suggèrent que les mécanismes d'exploitation des synergies et de réduction des anti-synergies sont complémentaires et interdépendants. Contrairement à ce que suggèrent certaines recherches, il ressort que l'exploitation des synergies liées aux ressources n'est pas suffisante pour expliquer la performance des portefeuilles de Business Models. En outre, nos résultats montrent une divergence des combinaisons de mécanismes d'exploitation des synergies liées aux ressources. Cependant, ces derniers n'ont pas révélé de différence majeure entre les configurations de mécanismes à court et à moyen terme. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des cas typiques et déviants nous a permis d'identifier une nouvelle typologie de synergies et d'anti-synergies, qui tient compte des dimensions temporelle et interactionnelle de ces mécanismes. Les contributions de la thèse soulignent la nature équifinale, non linéaire et asymétrique des configurations de mécanismes expliquant la performance des portefeuilles de Business Models
Despite the growing number of companies deploying multiple Business Models simultaneously, few studies have explored the link between Business Model diversification and performance. The objective of this thesis is to study this relationship by examining the underlying mechanisms. Using data from the global airline industry, we conducted eighteen QCA analyses and documented the choices related to the mechanisms of exploiting synergies and reducing anti-synergies within airlines that simultaneously operate a low-cost Business Model and their original full-service Business Model. The deployment of a configurational approach allowed us to identify the configurations of mechanisms explaining both performance and high performance in a portfolio of Business Models. Our results suggest that the mechanisms for exploiting synergies and reducing anti-synergies are complementary and interdependent. Contrary to what some research suggests, it emerges that the exploitation of resource-related synergies alone is not sufficient to explain the performance of Business Model portfolios. Furthermore, our results reveal a divergence in the combinations of mechanisms for exploiting resource-related synergies. Meanwhile, our results did not reveal a significant difference between short-term and medium-term mechanism configurations. Additionally, the analysis of typical and deviant cases allowed us to identify a new typology of synergies and anti-synergies that considers the temporal and interactional dimensions of these mechanisms. The contributions of the thesis highlight the equifinal, non-linear and asymmetric nature of the configurations of mechanisms explaining the performance of Business Model portfolios

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3

Bohlandt, Florian Martin. "Single manager hedge funds - aspects of classification and diversification". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85859.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
A persistent problem for hedge fund researchers presents itself in the form of inconsistent and diverse style classifications within and across database providers. For this paper, single-manager hedge funds from the Hedge Fund Research (HFR) and Hedgefund.Net (HFN) databases were classified on the basis of a common factor, extracted using the factor axis methodology. It was assumed that the returns of all sample hedge funds are attributable to a common factor that is shared across hedge funds within one classification, and a specific factor that is unique to a particular hedge fund. In contrast to earlier research and the application of principal component analysis, factor axis has sought to determine how much of the covariance in the dataset is due to common factors (communality). Factor axis largely ignores the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix and orthogonal factor rotation maximises the covariance between hedge fund return series. In an iterative framework, common factors were extracted until all return series were described by one common and one specific factor. Prior to factor extraction, the series was tested for autoregressive moving-average processes and the residuals of such models were used in further analysis to improve upon squared correlations as initial factor estimates. The methodology was applied to 120 ten-year rolling estimation windows in the July 1990 to June 2010 timeframe. The results indicate that the number of distinct style classifications is reduced in comparison to the arbitrary self-selected classifications of the databases. Single manager hedge funds were grouped in portfolios on the basis of the common factor they share. In contrast to other classification methodologies, these common factor portfolios (CFPs) assume that some unspecified individual component of the hedge fund constituents’ returns is diversified away and that single manager hedge funds should be classified according to their common return components. From the CFPs of single manager hedge funds, pure style indices were created to be entered in a multivariate autoregressive framework. For each style index, a Vector Error Correction model (VECM) was estimated to determine the short-term as well as co-integrating relationship of the hedge fund series with the index level series of a stock, bond and commodity proxy. It was postulated that a) in a well-diversified portfolio, the current level of the hedge fund index is independent of the lagged observations from the other asset indices; and b) if the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) hold, it is expected that the predictive power of the model will be low. The analysis was conducted for the July 2000 - June 2010 period. Impulse response tests and variance decomposition revealed that changes in hedge fund index levels are partially induced by changes in the stock, bond and currency markets. Investors are therefore cautioned not to overemphasise the diversification benefits of hedge fund investments. Commodity trading advisors (CTAs) / managed futures, on the other hand, deliver diversification benefits when integrated with an existing portfolio. The results indicated that single manager hedge funds can be reliably classified using the principal factor axis methodology. Continuously re-balanced pure style index representations of these classifications could be used in further analysis. Extensive multivariate analysis revealed that CTAs and macro hedge funds offer superior diversification benefits in the context of existing portfolios. The empirical results are of interest not only to academic researchers, but also practitioners seeking to replicate the methodologies presented.

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4

Goldberg, Caroline y Petter Katz. "Towards a Model for Predicting Related Diversification Outcomes : Merging Views on Synergy". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8807.

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Businesses carrying out related diversification moves with the objective to gain synergy effects have been a frequently occurring phenomenon since the midst of the past century. Plenty of models have been constructed, mainly using external data, in order to predict the outcome of these moves, but a high degree of contradictory results in empiric testing shows that current models are insufficient. Our objective is to present a model which also takes into account the internal data presented by the line of research called horizontal strategies, with the aim of moving towards a more accurate explanatory model for related diversification. This is a study of literature which resulted in a model which may be used for approximations as a strategic planning device. Our main conclusions are that further empirical testing, mainly regarding the behaviour of costs for implementing interrelationships, is necessary in order to create an accurate, explanatory model for predicting the outcome of related diversification.

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5

Souza, Fernando Ferreira de Araujo. "Análise das influências das estratégias de diversificação e dos modelos de negócios no desempenho das empresas de real estate no período 2005 a 2010". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-06062012-162323/.

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O objetivo da presente dissertação é verificar em que medida o nível de diversificação das empresas de Real Estate e os modelos de negócios empregados em suas estratégias de crescimento no período 2005 a 2010 possam ter influenciado o desempenho econômico das organizações. Para tanto, identificou-se o nível de diversificação geográfica e de produtos das empresas nos anos do período, e os principais modelos de negócios empregados para a entrada em novos mercados e segmentos de renda. Em seguida, as empresas foram estratificadas em grupos, segundo o nível de diversificação e os modelos de negócios predominantes. Para cada grupo, determinou-se a capacidade de geração de renda e valor econômico para o acionista. Os grupos foram comparados entre si e com o desempenho médio das empresas do setor. A pesquisa faz uso das empresas de Real Estate listadas no segmento Novo Mercado da BM&FBovespa. Os resultados sugerem que para a entrada no segmento econômico e popular, os modelos de aquisição e desenvolvimento próprio se mostraram mais eficientes, respectivamente, do que os modelos de parcerias. A concentração de produtos se mostrou igualmente de desempenho superior. Quanto à diversificação geográfica, não foi possível estratificar as empresas para análise adequada. No entanto, a maioria das empresas de atuação nacional e municipal apresentaram resultados acima do conjunto do mercado, enquanto as empresas com atuação estadual apresentaram resultados próximos ou abaixo da média.
This research explores the diversification, growth strategies and economic performance of the real estate companies listed on the brazilian stock exchange BM&FBovespa. Between 2006 and 2008 years, more than twenty companies have made its initial public offering (IPO) of its stocks. As result, and with almost R$ 11 billion on cash, most companies have acquired large landbanks spread over the main cities of the country, and started to built on new markets, moving away from a specialized portfolio of products to a national level and diversified portfolio companies. In order to understand the relationship between the strategies and economic performance, the research identifies the level of geographical diversification and products of each company, and the main business models used to enter into new markets - partnerships with local developers, mergers and acquisitions, or own development. The companies were stratified into groups according to the level of diversification and their business models, and for each one the profit and the return of equity patterns were analysed. The results suggested that product specialized companies seems to have superior performance than national and diversified companies, and for entry into the low income housing sector, acquisition and own development business models were better than partnerships.

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Pham, Thanh thao. "Stratégies de survie et de croissance dans un contexte de turbulence.Le cas des petites et moyennes entreprises dans le photovoltaïque". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1020.

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L’objectif de la thèse est d’enquêter sur les capacités de survie des acteurs opérant dans un segment fragmenté d’une chaîne de valeur, en l’occurrence le photovoltaïque, dont la partie aval subit des turbulences. En particulier cette étude porte sur les entreprises privées de petite taille, de technicité moyenne ou faible. Des entretiens suivis d’une étude quantitative sur 103 firmes ont été réalisés.Les trois principales contributions sont les suivantes.Premièrement, une nouvelle taxonomie de diversification industrielle est proposée basée sur les frontières du marché et de l’industrie. Il en découle quatre possibilités : (1) entreprises non-diversifiées ; (2) entreprises diversifiées au sein d’une même industrie ; (3) entreprises diversifiées dans deux industries ; et (4) entreprises diversifiées dans plus de deux industries.Deuxièmement, quatre business models correspondent à ces quatre possibilités, me permettant de démontrer qu’il existe un nombre limité de business model dans une industrie.Finalement, j’ai identifié deux facteurs impactant les capacités de survie et la performance de croissance des entreprises à moyen terme : l’horizon stratégique des managers et le temps de réponse. Il en découle quatre trajectoires de performance. Il est également montré que les entreprises ayant les meilleures profitabilités avant la crise optent pour une stratégie de réduction qui a pour effet de réduire leur profitabilité. Inversement, celles qui ont une profitabilité moins bonne au début s’engagent dans de gros investissements, sous condition de ressources, résultant en une meilleure profitabilité. Cela conduit à une homogénéisation des taux de retours
The overall objective of this thesis is to investigate the survival capacities of actors operating in the photovoltaic industry, that is to say, in a fragmented segment of a value chain whose end-markets experienced turbulence. I intend to contribute to a better understanding of the diversification strategy of: (1) smaller and private firms; (2) non-or-low-tech companies; (3) in a specific economic environment (i.e. the context of turbulence). I conducted interviews and realized a quantitative study of 103 firms.The contributions are threefold.First, I propose a new taxonomy of industrial diversification based on the frontier of an industry and a market. Four possibilities derive from the intersection of intra- and inter-industry diversification: (1) single-business enterprises; (2) intra-industry diversifiers; (3) inter-industry diversifiers in two industries; and (4) inter-industry diversifiers in more than two industries.Second, I identify four business models that derive from these four strategies, which allows me to argue that there can only be a limited number of business models in an industry.Finally, this study identifies two factors impacting a firm’s survival capabilities and growth performance of SMEs in the medium term resulting in four growth performances: (1) the managers’ business horizon focus, and (2) timing of business responses. The results show four trajectories of firm performance. Moreover, while higher performers are more inclined to engage in retrenchment strategies that reduce their overall performance, lower performers tend to invest large amounts, resulting in a better performance. It results in a homogenization of firm performance over time

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7

Belghali, Moulay Ghali y Samuel Olichon. "The “Top” woman in the Organization : An assessment of females' current and future situation in high responsibility positions". Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-346.

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The problem for women in the work market has been and is still being widely studied from different domains and fields, there is however still countless fissures linked to it. Even though the gender equality has comprehensively increased in recent decades, it is still apparent in high responsibility positions. This situation caught our attention and stimulated us to analyse the women’s condition within organizations.

Scholars have developed different theories linked to organizations, but our complex and fast developing society has surpassed most of these classical theories, making them either partially or totally irrelevant. For instance standards such as hierarchical organizations, individualism and aggressiveness are no longer considered as the most efficient values.

This work investigates the barriers that women have to overcome in order to break though leading positions, as well as the identification of female and male leadership and their stereotypes’ consequences. Accordingly, we intend to propose solutions and new approaches liable to help integrating more women in high profile positions. We are aspiring to create a new trend representing successful leadership that is no longer correlated to the male stereotype.

The theoretical part engages in theories surrounding female gender leadership as well as gender related barriers, while the empirical method involves the conduction of semi structured interview with women in high management positions, with the aim of setting up a solid ground for analysis and discussion. Due to this fact, we believe that the woman is the future of the organization, therefore we firstly call for the implementation and the reinforcement of the female “role model” and secondly encourage companies to adopt and promote our new concept of “the ecological organization” in order to achieve a more flexible, balanced and sane organizational culture in a foreseeable future.

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8

Ryder, Robin Jeremy. "Phylogenetic models of language diversification". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543009.

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9

Hjelström, Tomas. "The closed-end investment company premium puzzle : model development and empirical tests on Swedish and British data". Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Redovisning och Finansiering (B), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-480.

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For decades, business press and researchers have observed and investigated the premiums/discounts on closed end investment companies. Proposed explanations for the phenomenon have been poor performance, high expenses (due to agency relationships), inefficient internal capital markets and excess volatility in the returns of the shares of the closed-end investment companies. Some, but not conclusive, empirical evidence support these theories. Most empirical evidence is based on American data. This study uses British and Swedish data on closed end investment companies. Some, but not conclusive, empirical evidence support these theories. Most empirical evidence is based on American data. This study uses British and Swedish data on closed end investment companies from 1972 – 2004 to investigate the premiums/discounts. Three areas of explanations are examined: performance, agency costs and diversification. In contrast to previous studies this study uses detailed data on quoted and unquoted securities respectively to investigate the relationship between performance and premiums/discounts. Evidence is found for a relationship between the performance on unquoted securities and premiums/discounts, but not for quoted securities. Indications that measurement biases in unquoted securities are properly priced are also found. The agency problem is analyzed in two ways, formal and controlling power, to investigate if actions taken by the company substantiating agency behavior have additional effects on prices. Such actions are measured as large investments in other portfolio companies (controlling power). The empirical evidence suggests that the existence of formal power creates additional discounts. The marginal effect on discounts is even deeper when proposed agency actions are identified. Diversification is argued to decrease the value of a portfolio of securities when heterogeneous beliefs are present. This study provides evidence that portfolio diversification deepens discounts.
Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2007

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10

Miller, Douglas J. "Corporate diversification, relatedness, and performance". Connect to resource, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261069783.

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11

Nasiriyar, Maryam. "Technological platforms, business diversification and performance". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32075.

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Dans cette thèse, j'ai effectué trois études qui analysent la façon dont les entreprises peuvent profiter des services latente sous-jacente des ressources technologiques dans différents contextes. L'analyse identifie les principales caractéristiques des actifs technologiques qui fournissent des plateformes 1) en tant que la capacité à générer des activités innovantes utiles, 2) à développer des businesse nouvelles et 3) à soutenir la performance économique. Dans la première étude, nous examinons la relation entre les caractéristiques de base des connaissances techniques d'une entreprise et ses capacités à innover. J'explique comment distincts domaines de la connaissance technologique se comportent différemment et fournissent des contributions hétérogènes quand elles sont appliquées dans les contextes productifs. La recherche analyse comment les possibilités d'organiser des différents ensembles de connaissances au sein de la base de connaissances conditionnent l'exploitation de leurs services latente sous-jacente et affectent les capacités d'innovation. La deuxième étude prolonge cette idée et lie ces capacités à des comportements de diversification marchant de l'entreprise. Il examine comment les caractéristiques des ressources technologiques et les capacités d'exploiter efficacement leurs services productifs conduisent les choix stratégiques des entreprises dans les activités en aval. Enfin, la troisième étude aborde la question de savoir comment ces compétences contribuent à la performance économique de l'entreprise et atténuent les effets négatifs de la diversification des activités
The thesis comprises three essays which examine firm behavior in the exploitation of their technological resources. It explains how the firm can drive value of their technological knowledge assets as a platform to improve innovative and economic performance and to develop new businesses. In the first essay (chapter two), I examine the impact of their properties of technological knowledge base on firm's innovative performance in the semiconductor industry from 1968 to 2002. I characterize the organization of the knowledge base, based on the nature of relatedness between knowledge components, complmentarities and similarities. The results suggest that coherence, as the overall level of complementarity between components makes a positive contribution to innovative capabilities, while cohesion, which stands for the overall level of similarity of components, generally has the opposite impact. However, in unfamiliar situations, where the firm engages in activities, cohesion is found to be beneficial for innovations. The main contribution, therefore, is to emphasize that beshond the diversity of technological knowledge and the intensity R&D, the nature of relatedness between knowledge components in the context of application is a key determinant of innovative performance. In the second essay (chapter three), I analyse how firms can take advantage of their technological resources as a platform to diversify into new markets. While technological resources and competencies are widely accepted to be a basis for related business diversification, few works have identified or analysed their characteristics in order to explain why such resources often determine diversification decisions. Chapter 3 proposes that the potential productive services underlying technological resources can be characterized in two dimensions: the level of applicability of technologies in new contexts and their potential complementarities when combined. Using a sample of the world's largest manufacturing companies, the study demonstrates that both potential productive services explain the likelihood of market entry and provide platforms for business development. However, the exploitation of complementary technologies is subject to decreasing returns. There is a curvilinear relationship with the propensity to diversify and the value of diversification for complementary technogies which diminishes over time. Chapter 4 completes the idea by studying the importance of firms' capability to combine technological components in productive configuration i. E. Combinative capability, as a source of heterogeneity in diversified firms. It explores the moderating impact of combinative capability on the relationship between diversification and firms' economic performance in a sample of 111 world's largest manufactures in 1979-2003. Regression results show that firms can mitigate the negative impact of diversification on productivity by exploiting effective technological combinations and enforcing their combinative capabilities. However this effect of combinative capability is depreciable suggesting that when a firm continues to diversify into new business lines, the performance increase due to greater combinative capability does not last long

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12

Wang, Heli C. "A stakeholder theory of corporate diversification". Connect to resource, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261316358.

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13

Pembleton, Christopher James. "Creating Revenue Diversification Among Nonprofits". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5245.

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Creating revenue diversification forces nonprofit leaders to create innovative programs and services, build resilience against adverse conditions, and establish a sustainable future. The problem is that some nonprofit managers lack strategies for developing a diversified financial portfolio to achieve sustainability. The purpose of this single-case study was to explore the revenue diversification strategies used by 3 leaders of a nonprofit organization in the eastern region of the United States through the conceptual lens of Markowitz's modern portfolio theory and Thaler's behavioral finance theory. Data were collected using purposeful sampling, semistructured interviews, and analysis of organizational documents, social media platforms, and online databases. Four categories were used to organize the data: process strengths, process opportunities, results strengths, and results opportunities. The key themes that emerged from process strengths and results strengths were utilizing volunteers, collaborating with local partners, developing diverse revenue streams, strong fiscal management, program innovation, and evaluating the market. The key themes that emerged from process opportunities and results opportunities were the lack of written processes and procedures, the lack of process improvement strategies and performance measurement outcomes, the lack of knowledge about donor attrition and retention, and high turnover in the executive director position. Organizational leaders who focus on diversifying revenue streams can serve the mission instead of chasing funding streams that have become more competitive. The social change implication of these findings is that nonprofit leaders could create sustainability through diverse revenue streams, ensuring long-term employment, and sustaining positive social impacts.

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14

Mackey, Tyson B. "Essays on corporate diversification and firm value". The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1148177870.

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15

Ritchie, Andrew Miles. "Evaluating the Performance of Diversification Models for Reconstructing Evolutionary History". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17816.

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Understanding the processes that generate diversity is key to interpreting the patterns we see in the present. New developments in modelling these processes have promised unprecedented prospects for unravelling the evolutionary past. However, the empirical behaviour of these models in many of their practical applications is not well understood. This thesis investigates the influence of diversification models in a variety of contexts. First, I consider the Generalised Mixed Yule-Coalescent (GMYC) method for molecular species delimitation. This method identifies transition points between species- and population-level diversification processes on a time-resolved evolutionary tree. I show that this method is sensitive to the choice of mitochondrial marker used, and that the best marker can vary widely across study groups. Next, I investigate the influence of diversification models used to place prior distributions on time-resolved trees in molecular dating. Specifically, I look at the influence of the tree prior in analysing data sets with multiple individuals per species. These data sets can arise by accident where species boundaries are not well understood, and violate the assumptions of both population- and species-level tree priors. I use simulation to show that molecular date estimates can be seriously affected by the choice of tree prior in some circumstances, but are remarkably robust in general. Finally, I extend the analysis of tree prior sensitivity to new methods for dating the origins of human language families. I show that these methods are also robust to the choice of tree prior, and that speciation priors are preferred for language data sets regardless of taxonomic scale. My work will contribute to an improved understanding of the role of diversification models in empirical studies and will increase confidence in these methods across multiple realms of enquiry.

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16

Cook, Jana Lynn. "Corporate Diversification and CEO Turnover Among Financially Distressed Firms". NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/1.

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A comprehensive examination of the differences in compensation and turnover between domestic and multinational firms in distress from 2003 - 2008 was completed. An examination of three major theories of turnover is examined within the boundaries of distressed firms and support is found for the Scapegoat Theory as proposed by Huson in 2004. The results found no significant differences between total compensation levels between domestic and international firms. And with turnover rates of 26 percent and 51 percent, these groups have only board size as a significant impacting variable.

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17

Higginbottom, Julie. "On- and off-farm business diversification by farm households". Thesis, Coventry University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388244.

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18

Chu, Wenyi. "Managing diversification : an empirical study of Taiwanese business groups". Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368808.

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19

Messina, Matilde <1997&gt. "Digital Business Models". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19898.

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Nowadays, organizations seem to favour the transition towards a significantly automated and sustainable framework, thereby successfully embracing change in order to drive innovation. Technological advancements are contributing to shaping the future business models and companies intend to adapt to the frequently shifting technology landscape. The present research delves extensively into the emerging business models developed since the advent of Industry 4.0. These include: data-driven, platform, smart factory and servitization. Moreover, each business model is followed by a detailed classification, aimed at highlighting the particular characteristics associated with each one. Finally, an assessment is developed in order to guide companies through the implementation of each of the aforementioned business models (depending on their aspirations) for the purpose of innovating, optimizing their production processes.

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20

Yuan, Jiangchuan. "Risk diversification framework in algorithmic trading". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51905.

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We propose a systematic framework for designing adaptive trading strategies that minimize both the mean and the variance of the execution costs. This is achieved by diversifying risk over sequential decisions in discrete time. By incorporating previous trading performance as a state variable, the framework can dynamically adjust the risk-aversion level for future trading. This incorporation also allows the framework to solve the mean-variance problems for different risk aversion factors all at once. After developing this framework, it is then applied to solve three algorithmic trading problems. The first two are trade scheduling problems, which address how to split a large order into sequential small orders in order to best approximate a target price – in our case, either the arrival price, or the Volume-Weighed-Average-Price (VWAP). The third problem is one of optimal execution of the resulting small orders by submitting market and limit orders. Unlike the tradition in both academia and industry of treating the scheduling and order placement problems separately, our approach treats them together and solves them simultaneously. In out-of-sample tests, this unified strategy consistently outperforms strategies that treat the two problems separately.

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21

Dastidar, Protiti. "Effect of multinational diversification on firm value : a cross-country evaluation". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272979156.

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22

Nilsson, Mats. "Open Source Business Models". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3950.

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This thesis is describing a business strategy of how to license a software product. The licenses discussed in this thesis are called open source licenses. The open source licenses have gained much attention lately by companies such as Microsoft, IBM, and Sun Microsystems. The reason for this is that some products considered being open source software are very widely used. These products include the most popular web server, the Apache web server, with more than 60% market share. 25% of the installed operating systems that are running Apache and other web servers are installed with Linux as operating system, which is also considered as open source software. These are only two examples of popular products that are considered as open source software products. These products are choices for many people and companies when choosing software to use, for example NASA. Open source licenses are called open in the way that the software is shipped not only in binary form, but also with the source code that can be modified and recompiled to suit the buyer’s need better. Apache web server and the Linux operating system are free for download, install, run and modify to suit your needs. In this thesis I will discuss whether these licenses can increase the chance of developing a successful product or not, in terms of market shares.
Affärsmodeller kring öppen källkod diskuteras i denna magisteruppats. Det finns ett flertal programvaror byggd på öppen källkod som kan betraktas som framgångsrika om man avser antal användare eller hur stora marknadsandelar produkterna har. Diskussionen i magister uppsatsen kretsar därför om man kan öka sina chanser att utveckla framgångsrika produkter genom att använda sig av öppen källkod främst ur ett företags perspektiv som har vinstintresse.
Mats Nilsson Kabelgatan 13D 414 57 Göteborg

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23

Ghafeer, Amna. "Value chain diversification in the sugar industry using quantitative economic forecasting models". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33744.

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The South African sugar industry is facing increasing pressure from global sugar markets where the price of sugar is significantly lower than in domestic markets, as well as from the implementation of the health levy which has resulted in beverage manufacturers replacing sugar with non-taxable sweeteners. To maintain the industry infrastructure and to increase the demand for sugar, a diversification route for sucrose is needed. Most of the studies focused on identifying a diversification solution for bioproducts are survey or experienced based and so, one of the main aims of this study was to use mathematical modelling of industrial manufacturing data to identify one single industry to explore sucrosebased chemicals. Datasets published by Statistics South Africa, The World Bank, Trading Economics and by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development were considered, from which the monthly manufacturing industries' sales data published by Statistics South Africa was selected for model building. Seven different types of models were considered, including the Naïve method, simple and weighted moving averages, simple exponential smoothing, Holt's method, Holt-Winters' method and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. Each type of model was analysed in the context of the eight industries' data, from which ARIMA models were identified as those which were broad enough to cater for the varying degrees of trends and seasonality in the data without oversimplifying the data's behaviour. The other seven were not suitable either because their narrow applicability was not suitable to most of the datasets at hand or because they would provide an oversimplified model which would not be robust for future datapoints. The models were then built using training and test data splits with the auto.arima function in R Studio. From these, selection matrices were constructed to evaluate the industries' forecasts on sales growth and revenue generating potential, the results of which identified the beverages' industry to the best option for investment. One of the objectives of the study was to identify a sucrose-based chemical for investment that is not highly commercialized in order to widen the range of investment options available. To this end, only four of the less commercialized chemicals explored showed significant advancement based on published research and patents, namely caprolactam, dodecanedioic acid, adipic acid and muconic acid. However, all four chemicals would feature mainly in the textiles industry, which the model identifies as not being a high growth industry and thus would limit the revenue generating potential. The main beverage constituents of common drinks were then explored, from which nonnutritive sweeteners were chosen based on their wide applicability. From the six sweeteners considered, sucralose is the most widely used sweetener with the least number of reported serious health risks; this is thought to compensate for sucralose being a mid-price range product. Sucralose would also allow the sugar industry to leverage beverage manufacturers' replacement of sugar with sweeteners to comply with the Health Protection Levy. The techno-economic analysis performed for the selected synthetic sucralose production process proved profitable in the first year of operation, as did a refined configuration using a lower ethyl acetate flow rate. This is largely due to the retail price of sucralose being close to 8 times the purchase cost of the most expensive raw material used. Although this profitability analysis is promising, further investigation into the fixed capital costs involved should be done prior to the sugar industry investing in sucralose. Recommendations for further work to improve the profitability of this scenario include the consideration of forming a strategic partnership with key players in the beverages' industry, exploring alternative production routes, and using other time series models to validate the results achieved here.

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24

Vogl, Justin Daniel. "Implementing Product Diversification Strategies for Small and Medium Retail Businesses' Sustainability". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5144.

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Small businesses make up about 90% of all business entities and employ about 60% of the total workforce, yet 50% of small businesses fail within their first 5 years. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore how SBOs use the appropriate product diversification strategies to remain sustainable. The sample population were 3 small retail business owners in a large-sized county in the Washington, D. C. metropolitan area who employed fewer than 19 people and have successfully used product diversification strategies to remain sustainable beyond 5 years. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and company document reviews. Data analysis entailed using an alphabetic coding process to identify the frequency and importance of themes. Grounded in the conceptual framework of the model of market orientation, this study revealed 4 themes that could help small business owners use the appropriate product diversification strategies to remain sustainable: customer-centric decision-making, market-trend orientation, resource orientation, and complementary products and services. The implications for positive social change include the potential to give small business owners a decision-making framework to achieve sustainability and growth, which would contribute to healthy economic conditions through consumerism, higher employment rates, and a reduction in poverty. The findings of this study could benefit local, small businesses and communities.

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25

Persson, Fredrik y Jonas Lindgren. "Diversification and Performance : The Nordic Media Market". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-239.

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The Nordic media market has since the end of the 1990’s experienced a number of consolidations and the market has become increasingly integrated. Some companies within the market are diversified, meaning they are involved in many different kinds of businesses, while other are focused, which implies that they are focused on one business segment.

Different research views explain different motives for diversification. The resource view explain diversification by claiming that a company having underused resources needs to profitably employ them elsewhere in order to expand. The agency view explains diversification with the agent’s different incentives compared to the principal. The market power view implies that by having more resources a company can strengthen its competitiveness. Furthermore, there may be financial and synergetic motives behind diversification.

This thesis investigates the relation diversification has with size, sales growth, financial efficiency ratios, and stability. By doing this we can explain the motives behind diversification in the Nordic media market through using existing theories and hence applying a deductive research approach. The thirty largest media companies in the Nordic media market were analyzed.

The degree of diversification had a positive relationship with the total revenue of the investigated firms. Furthermore, diversified firms on average had higher revenues than its focused counterparts. The more diversified the firms are the higher sales growth they have and diversified companies had a higher average sales growth than the focused firms. A higher degree of diversification did not increase the firms’ financial efficiency and diversified firms did not have a higher average efficiency. However, one of the measured ratios, ROA, was higher for focused firms. Based on knowledge gained from portfolio theory we believed, before conducting the statistical analyses, that a higher degree of diversification would stabilize the cash flows for the investigated companies. However, no statistical evidence was found supporting that a higher degree of diversification would improve cash flow stability.

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26

Hongelin, Ira y Johanna Jansson. "Business Models in the E-Commerce : Integrating Credit Risk Management to Business Models". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-205684.

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The development and complexity of the e-commerce sector has increased the demand forcompanies to grasp and develop their business models, as well their credit risk managementfunctions, in order be profitable and create value. This thesis examines how credit riskmanagement can be integrated in a business model, in terms of a customer value proposition,profit formula, key processes and key resources. Theories about business models state that abusiness model should give a holistic view of the company and how it operates. Features for asuccessful model should include functions that create value and increase competitiveness, as wellas generating valuable cost and risk structures to ensure the company’s profitability. The empiricaldata was collected through interviews and secondary data at Klarna, a company that operates withpayment solutions in the e-commerce, a market where the risk of credit losses is high and to haveproper credit risk functions is a necessity. The result revealed that credit risk management is afundamental part of a business model in the e-commerce, since effective credit risk managementfunctions ensure that the elements of a business model are functional and complement each other.The study further found that there are certain prominent functions in each one of the four elementsthat enable the integration of credit risk management in the business model.

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27

Höhna, Sebastian. "Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference : Estimating Diversification Rates from Reconstructed Phylogenies". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95361.

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Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary relationship between species. Inference of phylogeny relies heavily on statistical models that have been extended and refined tremendously over the past years into very complex hierarchical models. Paper I introduces probabilistic graphical models to statistical phylogenetics and elaborates on the potential advantages a unified graphical model representation could have for the community, e.g., by facilitating communication and improving reproducibility of statistical analyses of phylogeny and evolution. Once the phylogeny is reconstructed it is possible to infer the rates of diversification (speciation and extinction). In this thesis I extend the birth-death process model, so that it can be applied to incompletely sampled phylogenies, that is, phylogenies of only a subsample of the presently living species from one group. Previous work only considered the case when every species had the same probability to be included and here I examine two alternative sampling schemes: diversified taxon sampling and cluster sampling. Paper II introduces these sampling schemes under a constant rate birth-death process and gives the probability density for reconstructed phylogenies. These models are extended in Paper IV to time-dependent diversification rates, again, under different sampling schemes and applied to empirical phylogenies. Paper III focuses on fast and unbiased simulations of reconstructed phylogenies. The efficiency is achieved by deriving the analytical distribution and density function of the speciation times in the reconstructed phylogeny.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 4: Accepted.

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28

Kelley, Keith James. "Regional Diversification and Performance: Conceptualization and Competing Strategic Objectives". FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/935.

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This dissertation comprised of three essays provides justification for the need to pursue research on multinationality and performance with a more fine-grained approach. Essay one is a conceptual response to an article written by Jean-Francois Hennart in 2011 which questions the need and approach toward future research in this domain. I argue that internalization theory does not render multinationality and performance research meaningless and identify key areas where methodological enhancements can be made to strengthen our research findings with regard to Hennart’s call for more content validity. Essay two responds to the need for more-fine grained research on the consequences of multinationality by introducing non-traditional measures of performance such as social and environmental performance and adopting a more theoretically relevant construct of regionalization to capture international diversification levels of the firm. Using data from the world’s largest 600 firms (based on sales) derived from Bloomberg and the Directory of Corporate Affiliates; I employ general estimating equation analysis to account for the auto-correlated nature of the panel data alongside multivariate regression techniques. Results indicate that regionalization has a positive relationship with economic performance while it has a negative relationship with environmental and social performance outcomes, often referred to as the “Triple Bottom-Line” performance. Essay three builds upon the work in the previous essays by linking the aforementioned performance variables and sample to corporate reputation which has been shown to be a beneficial strategic asset. Using Structural Equation Modeling I explore economic, environmental and social signals as mediators on relationship between regionalization and firm reputation. Results indicate that these variables partially mediate a positive relationship between regionalization and firm reputation. While regionalization positively affects the reputation building signal of economic performance, it aids in reputation building by reducing environmental and social disclosure effects which interestingly impact reputation negatively. In conclusion, the dissertation submits opportunities for future research and contributes to research by demonstrating that regionalization affects performance, but the effect varies in accordance with the performance criterion and context. In some cases, regional diversification may produce competing or conflicting outcomes among the potential strategic objectives of the firm.

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29

Rahym, Bishar y Dylan Hawrami. "Factor ETFs - Risk Exposure and Diversification Benefits". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-422779.

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This paper analyzes U.S. factor ETF risk exposures and diversification benefits relative to the ETFs’ academic factor portfolios. The purpose of the paper is to observe whether the factor ETFs’ correlations and risk exposures reflect that of their academic factor portfolios, the long-short and long-only portfolios. The results exhibit the market factor as the fundamental agent of returns, although size, value, and momentum also provide exposure to the intended factors. When measuring the loadings of factor ETFs and their intended factor portfolios, the long-short investing approach provides the most optimal diversification strategy.

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30

Niswonger, Jennifer R. "Effective Revenue Diversification Strategies in Nonprofit Organizations". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7318.

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Nonprofit organization leaders increasingly encounter social burdens and financial difficulties, jeopardizing ongoing success and organizational sustainability. The purpose of this single-case study was to explore revenue diversification strategies used by 3 leaders of a small nonprofit organization in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States through the conceptual lens of modern portfolio theory. Data were collected via in-depth semistructured interviews, and member checking was used to facilitate accuracy, consistency, and integrity. Methodological triangulation included a document review and analysis of financial statements, tax returns, strategy objectives, the organizational website, social media, and nonprofit data reports. Data from documents and interviews were manually coded, and themes were identified using thematic analysis. Six themes emerged related to process strengths and opportunities for improvement including capitalizing on a mission-driven workforce; using a systematic strategic planning process; building relationships with partners, suppliers, and collaborators; integrating performance measures to areas of importance; and developing and implanting systematic methods to assess customer satisfaction and workforce engagement. The findings from this study might contribute to positive social change by providing revenue diversification strategies and the supporting processes that leaders of small nonprofit organizations can use to enhance existing services, expand community programs, and create ongoing organizational success.

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31

Maliet, Odile. "Exploring heterogeneity in diversification patterns across the tree of life using probabilistic models". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS081.

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Dans cette thèse, je présente différentes approches pour quantifier et expliquer les variations dans le processus de diversification au sein de l’arbre du vivant. Toutes les approches présentées s’appuient sur des modèles probabilistes. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à la forme générale des phylogénies, et propose une nouvelle mesure de la relation entre la richesse spécifique et la profondeur des clades au sein d’une phylogénie. Nous montrons que, dans les phylogénies empiriques, cette mesure s’écarte de la valeur attendue pour un processus de diversification homogène entre les lignées, possiblement à cause de la présence de variations du taux de diversification au sein des groupes étudiés. Dans le deuxième chapitre, je m’intéresse à une description à plus fine échelle de ces variations de taux, et présente une nouvelle méthode pour estimer des vitesses de diversification lignée-spécifiques dans les phylogénies empiriques. Contrairement aux méthodes existantes, qui considère que les taux de diversifications varient par des sauts rares et de grande amplitude, la nôtre propose une vision plus graduelle de l’évolution de la vitesse de diversification. Nous appliquons notre méthode à un jeu de données empirique et montrons que la variabilité du taux de diversification est aussi forte au sein des clades qu’entre les clades, ce qui s’accorde bien avec cette vision d’une évolution progressive des taux de diversification. Enfin, le troisième chapitre se concentre sur une des explications possibles à la présence de variabilité dans les vitesses d’accumulation d’espèces, en présentant un modèle individu-centré permettant d’étudier l’effet de différent types d’interactions écologiques sur le processus de diversification. Nous étudions les prédictions de ce modèle pour la diversité obtenue, ainsi que sur plusieurs mesures caractérisant la structure des réseaux d’interactions. Notre modèle génère des réseaux d’interactions écologiques réalistes, avec des réseaux plus modulaires et moins emboités dans les communautés antagonistes que dans les communautés mutualistes. La présence d’interactions antagonistes favorise la diversification de la communauté, du point de vue de la variabilité en traits comme de celui du nombre d’espèces, tandis que les interactions mutualistes entravent la création de diversité, du fait d’une forte sélection stabilisante
In this PhD thesis, I present different approaches based on probabilistic models for quantifying and explaining heterogeneity in the diversification process across the tree of life, all in the probabilistic modeling framework. In the first chapter, we focus on the general shape of phylogenetic trees, and propose a new metric for the quantification of the age-richness relationship of the subclades within a tree. The study of this metric in a dataset of empirical phylogenies shows that they diverge from the expectation under an homogeneous speciation model, possibly because of within-clade speciation rates variations. In the second chapter of the thesis, I focus on a finer scale description of diversification rates variations, and introduce a new method to estimate lineage-specific diversification rates within a phylogeny. Compared to previously existing methods that aim at identifying a few diversification rate shifts with large effect, ours propose a more gradual view of diversification rate evolution. We apply our approach to a dataset of empirical phylogenies, and show that Intra-clade variations accounts a large part of the rate variations in the whole dataset, suggesting suggest that models with many gradual changes may be more appropriate than models with few punctuated shifts for describing the evolution of diversification rates. Finally, the last chapter considers more directly one of the possible cause of variation in diversification rates, which is the presence of inter-species ecological interaction. We build an eco-evolutionary model for the emergence of mutualistic, antagonistic and neutral bipartite interaction communities, and study it prediction on species and trait diversity, as well as on several key network structure metrics. Our model generates realistic network structures, antagonistic communities being more modular and less nested than mutualistic ones. We find that antagonistic interactions foster both species and trait diversity, while mutualistic interactions generate strong stabilizing selection, with a negative impact on both diversity measures

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32

Ruano, Fábio dos Santos. "Commodities and portfolio diversification : myth of fact?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19333.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Este estudo pretende analisar se as matérias-primas apresentam potencial de diversificação para portefólios de ações de investidores com aversão às perdas. A recente financialização do mercado das matérias-primas pode estar a afetar a vida de milhões de famílias a nível global, uma vez que determina o custo de vida. Alargamos a abordagem de Bessler & Wolff (2015) com o uso de indicadores de desempenho com o principal foco no risco de queda. A análise empírica considera a perspetiva das finanças comportamentais na avaliação dos benefícios de diversificação de 16 contratos futuros individuais e um índice de matérias-primas. Este estudo confirma a elevada sensibilidade das matérias-primas às condições económicas do mercado. O sector energético de matérias-primas tem um melhor desempenho durante períodos de expansão económica. Os metais preciosos apresentam benefícios de diversificação tanto em períodos de expansão como de recessão, enquanto as matérias-primas do sector da pecuária apresentam um grande potencial de diversificação durante recessões. No geral concluímos que continuamos a observar benefícios de diversificação, mas estes dependem do período em análise, e têm vindo a decrescer ao longo do tempo.
This study aims to investigate whether commodities yield diversification benefits to stock portfolios for loss-averse investors. The recent financialization of the commodity market increased correlations with stocks and thus may be hurting millions of households around the world, as it determines the cost of living. We extend the framework of Bessler & Wolff (2015) by using alternative performance measures mainly related to the downside risk. The empirical analysis accounts for a behavioral finance perspective in the assessment of diversification benefits from 16 individual future contracts and one index future on commodities. Our study confirms the high sensitivity of commodities to market economic conditions. The energy sector performs better under economic expansion periods. Precious metals yield diversification benefits both in expansion and recession periods, while livestock commodities display a high potential to reduce risk especially during recessions. Overall, our findings yield that there is still a diversification benefit, but it is time-dependent and the benefits have been decreasing over time.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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33

Rosenfall, Thomas. "Open Source Vendors’ Business Models". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell marknadsföring och industriell ekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76737.

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It may seem controversial that open-source software (OSS), i.e. software created by voluntary contributions that is available to use, change, and distribute for free, can be utilized for business purposes. Yet, for some firms, commercial OSS software products are the primary source of revenue. In this thesis, these companies are referred to as OSS vendors. Although some OSS vendors have existed for more than thirty years, how they conduct their business has not been extensively studied. Business models as a concept has been widely used in the information and communications technology (ICT) industry, often when describing firms working with OSS. In that context business models often refer to the offering, i.e. the products the firm offers to its customers and how revenues are collected. However, in academia the business model concept has evolved in a broader sense encompassing several fields and into a rich theoretical field itself. This thesis aims to further the understanding on how OSS vendors conduct their business, by using a business model framework, which has been constructed from business model and management theories. This framework was used to study OSS vendors to investigate the configurations of their business models. A cross-case analysis of four carefully selected OSS vendors searched for generic patterns in these configurations. Furthermore, the cases were also studied regarding sustainability and profitability. Two generic business model configurations were found, community immersion and community utilization. OSS vendors found configured according to the community immersion business model are deeply involved with, but also dependent on, the main community project that provides the software for the offering. OSS vendors found configured according to the community utilization business model are not dependent on the OSS project to provide their commercial offerings. Rather, the communities are used in marketing providing brand benefits, a base for recruitment, and in lesser degree functioned as quality assurance. Two of the four studied companies were found to be profitable and sustainable; one operating according to the community immersion business model and the other according to the community utilization business model. The other two companies studied, observed to operate according to the community utilization business model, did not achieve profitability during the time of the study. The findings should further the understanding of how profitable OSS vendors’ business models could be configured, and thus provide practitioners with an understanding on how different business model configurations can affect their strategies and overall business.

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Hu, Jiangxia S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Business models of information aggregators". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43171.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis identifies the specific characteristics of information aggregators, and proposes nine business models appropriate for information aggregators. These nine models are: advertising, brokerage, subscription, licensing, infomediary (information intermediaries), referral/click-through, customized/personalized service, professional service/consulting, and application service provider. The thesis then looks into various companies who base their businesses on information aggregation and analyzes the development of their business models in the context of competition. The financial and social performances of these companies are studied and reasons are explored. In the end, the thesis summarizes findings from case studies, lists the widely used business models and the rarely used ones, and explores reasons for this phenomenon. The conclusion of this research is that information aggregation is a start point for a company to develop differentiated product or services. Companies can develop into an independent information aggregators; they can use information aggregation as a platform; they can partner with aggregatees or customers to provide customized information. Eventually, many will be integrated into end-to-end solutions, or penetrate into traditional businesses by leveraging information aggregation. The research can be used by companies who develop information aggregation products or services. It can also be used to evaluate the viability of information aggregation initiatives.
by Jiangxia Hu.
S.M.

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35

Pundit, Madhavi. "Essays on Business Cycle Models". Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2170.

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Thesis advisor: Susanto Basu
Thesis advisor: Fabio Ghironi
Empirical studies highlight that countries that trade intermediate goods exhibit more synchronized business cycles. This positive correlation raises the question of causality. Traditional theoretical mechanisms propose the direction where higher bilateral trade in intermediate goods causes increased business cycle correlations. However, the data shows that trade is positively correlated with comovements in GDP as well as total factor productivity (TFP) and the current work in the literature explains only the first relation. I build a small open economy model that makes two contributions -- first, it predicts both positive correlations as seen in the data. Second, it explains potential causality in the reverse direction, i.e. countries might choose trade partners based on the properties of their business cycles. Specifically, the model predicts that when the elasticity of substitution between domestic capital and intermediate imports is low, i.e. the country is constrained by domestic technology, there is greater benefit from trading with a positively correlated source and self-insuring through capital accumulation. I provide empirical evidence of this condition in the data by estimating the elasticity of substitution between capital and intermediates by industry using a panel of countries. We use annual time series data and filtering methods to document the key statistics of the India business cycle. Output, consumption and investment are more volatile than in developed economies. Like in developed countries, consumption is less volatile and investment is more volatile than output in the Indian data. Unlike in the former, investment is not highly correlated with output. We test whether a standard real business cycle model with technology and fiscal shocks, with parameters calibrated for the Indian economy can replicate the features of the business cycle
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

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36

Gallacher, J. "Business models and higher education". Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2010. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/318/.

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The researcher believes that the wide ranging use of the term business model in academic and practitioner arenas suggests that the clarification of its use rhetorically, strategically or managerially or lack of use would be of interest to both academics and management practitioners. Universities face increasingly challenging economic conditions and the identification of the use within higher education of business models using interview data, cross-referenced to institutional success, measured by a variety of metrics, may allow inferences to be drawn about the relationship of the relative success of institutions and the role, if any, of business models which may then inform future decision making. The researcher suggests that a business model approach, whilst not introducing new concepts is a useful descriptive and analytical tool for both practitioners and academics. In a discursive sense the term can act as a useful short hand whilst as a framework for value propositions it can aid the identification and development of the underlying economic reality of business activity. Furthermore, business models when viewed in the context of competing value propositions and business model innovation provide a link to and an aid in, the development of strategy. The researcher found that the term business model was frequently described in interview as inappropriate and no evidence of significant explicit usage of the term business model was found in university strategic plans. Further evidence from interview and the analysis of strategic plan documentation highlights the use of business-like language and practices suggesting that implicit, rather than explicit, business model approaches are being adopted in universities for decision making purposes. No evidence of a correlation between the use of business models, business like terms or reference to Hefce strategic aims and financial or league table success was noted. Whilst relative institutional income levels remained largely static over the period 1994-95 – 2006-07, the income patterns of institutions interviewed indicated that as the level of success as measured by researcher increased, as a proportion of total income grant and fee income reduced and research and other income increased. In addition the top twenty-five universities measured by average surplus over the period 1994-5 to 2003-04 tended to have a higher than average proportion of their total income represented by research and other income. To aid the realisation of potential benefits to be gained by universities from the adoption of a more explicit business model approach the research findings suggest the consideration of three factors. Firstly the clarification of the location of business models in relation to the more traditional management tools of strategy development and resource planning. Secondly, the lack of appetite for the explicit adoption of a business model approach, in at least some parts of the sector, suggests that the language of business models needs adapting to a higher education context. The researcher suggests the language of social enterprise which would explicitly recognise the societal dimension of university activity. Finally, but related to the second point is that the constrained economy of higher education needs to be recognised in the development of a business model approach with complex stakeholder relations recognised in value propositions and outcomes and financial sustainability as a necessary facilitator rather than primary driver.

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37

Korpi, Martin. "Migration, wage inequality, and the urban hierarchy : empirical studies in international and domestic population movements, wage dispersion and income: Sweden, 1993-2003". Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1482.

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38

Haque, Mahmudul y Muhammad Ahmad. "Diversification of International Freight Forwarders: A Bangladesh perspective". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15335.

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39

Gallagher, John. "Business models and higher education institutions-looking for business models in the higher education landscape". Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511413.

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40

Blad, Tommie y Goran Ibrahim. "Evaluating Circular Business Models : Bridging the gap between circular business models and customer perceived value". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413268.

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This research looks into the emerging trend of circular economy which is fairly young, but have still gotten a lot of recognition in the past few years. The purpose of the research was to identify bridging activities between circular business models and customer perceived value. This gap creates a great opportunity to find correlations between these areas to hopefully construct the missing bridge to connect the phenomena. A case study was applied on an organisation having a circular business model, where its customer network was used to collect data. Two types of data collection methods were used: (1)Quantitative data collection from potential customers using a questionnaire;and (2) Qualitative data collection from existing customers with semistructured interviews. The collected data was later analysed by connecting it to existing theory of customer perceived value. The data was categorised, ranked and later inserted in a contemporary matrix created by the authors, called the Business Model Matrix. The whole research was lastly presented as a conceptual model with the intent to generalize the methodology so it could be applied on other organisations. The model consists of five steps: (1) Research, (2) Data collection, (3) Translation, (4) Business Model Matrix and (5) Adaption.The authors conclude this research with: (1) It is difficult to quantify and make sense of value; (2) Standardised measurements for value has to be defined; and (3) Even though it might be difficult to interpret the business model matrix result, it might give a good overview of what the customers likes which can increase competitiveness in the long-term. Suggested future research lies in standardising value and looking into perceived value from other actors rather than customers as well.

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41

Pekuri, A. (Aki). "The role of business models in construction business management". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526208114.

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Abstract Although the need for change was recognized a couple of decades ago, the construction industry is still struggling with its productivity development and customer satisfaction. Usually, construction improvement initiatives focus on developing practices related to project management and delivery processes. However, this study views the general underperformance of the industry from the perspective of how the construction business is managed and conceptualized in practice. The objective of this thesis is to understand the role of business models in construction business management. This objective is pursued by addressing specific research questions in four individual publications, two of which contribute to the research objective from a more conceptual and two from a more empirical viewpoint. The exploratory study follows the qualitative research tradition and exploits the case study approach. The primary method for data collection has been interviews. This study demonstrates the applicability of the business model concept to the analysis and development of the construction business. However, its use requires a comprehensive understanding of the concept and proper alignment of its elements in practice. The results of this study indicate that the current business models of construction companies are too similar to enable value-based competition. Indeed, the conventional business models neglect the customer perspective and thus revolve around internal efficiency rather than customer value creation. Consequently, construction businesses are usually managed on a project-by-project basis without the governing effect of specific customer-oriented business models and a clear long-term vision or business purpose that would go beyond the objectives of growing and surviving. A better understanding of business models provides a starting point for managers to reform the construction business and the whole industry. Explicitly defined business models provide a foundation for consistent management practice and process development. New possibilities for customer value creation can be exploited as the limitations of the current thinking are overcome and business models are approached from the viewpoints of the customer and value creation
Tiivistelmä Rakennusalalla on edelleen vaikeuksia tuottavuuden kehittämisen ja asiakastyytyväisyyden parantamisessa, vaikka tarve muutokseen tunnistettiin jo pari vuosikymmentä sitten. Yleensä alan kehityshankkeet kohdistuvat projektien johtamiseen ja projektitoimituksiin liittyviin käytäntöihin. Tässä tutkimuksessa rakennusalan yleisesti heikkoa suorituskykyä tarkastellaan kuitenkin liikkeenjohdon näkökulmasta eli miten rakennusyrityksiä johdetaan ja miten liiketoiminta käsitteellistetään käytännössä. Väitöskirjan tavoitteena on ymmärtää liiketoimintamallien roolia rakennusliiketoiminnan johtamisessa. Tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi vastataan neljään tutkimuskysymykseen erillisten osajulkaisujen avulla. Kaksi näistä julkaisuista edistää ymmärrystä liiketoimintamallien roolista enemmän käsitteellisestä näkökulmasta ja kahdessa korostuu empiirinen näkökulma. Tutkimus on toteutettu laadullisena tutkimuksena, jossa hyödynnetään tapaustutkimusta. Aineistonkeruu on pääosin tehty haastatteluin. Tämän tutkimuksen mukaan liiketoimintamallikonsepti soveltuu myös rakennusliiketoiminnan analysointiin ja kehittämiseen. Tämä kuitenkin edellyttää liiketoimintamallikonseptin laaja-alaista ymmärrystä ja sen elementtien asianmukaista yhteensovittamista myös käytännössä. Tutkimustuloksista voidaan päätellä, että nykyiset liiketoimintamallit, joiden mukaan rakennusyritykset toimivat, ovat liian samankaltaisia soveltuakseen arvoperusteiseen kilpailuun. Nämä tavanomaiset liiketoimintamallit eivät sisällä asiakasnäkökulmaa ja täten ne keskittyvät etupäässä sisäiseen tehokkuuteen asiakasarvon tuottamisen sijasta. Näin ollen rakennusliiketoimintaa johdetaan yleensä projektiperusteisesti ilman, että päätöksentekoa ohjaisi määritellyt asiakassuuntautuneet liiketoimintamallit, selkeä pitkäntähtäimen visio tai kasvu- ja eloonjäämistavoitteita pidemmälle asetettu päämäärä. Liiketoimintamallien parempi ymmärrys antaa lähtökohdan rakennusliiketoiminnan ja koko alan uudistamiseen. Selkeästi määritellyt liiketoimintamallit luovat perustan liiketoiminnan johdonmukaisuudelle ja prosessien kehittämiselle. Monia huomiotta jääneitä arvonluonnin mahdollisuuksia voidaan puolestaan hyödyntää, kun vältetään takertumasta vallalla olevan ajattelutavan rajoitteisiin ja suunnitellaan liiketoimintamallit toimiviksi arvonluonnin ja asiakkaan näkökulmista

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42

Bissett, Andrew Keith. "The business of English universities : business models and curriculum". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19357/.

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In some highly publicised cases in English universities well-established disciplines and departments are under threat of closure for financial reasons. The higher education curriculum in England appears to be increasingly shaped by financial pressures. This study argues that universities are tending to be run as businesses, and its central aim is to reveal the business models within. These can be a useful 'lens' through which to view developments in higher education. An overview of the historical development of the curriculum in English universities is presented. The literature on business models and on higher education curriculum change is examined, and a relationship between these two dimensions is developed. In order to discern the business models a qualitative analysis of twenty English university strategic plans is performed using Ritchie & Spencer's (1994) 'Framework' methodology. Two new business models that have explanatory power in the university context are identified, along with two other 'standard' models that are also apparent. These four models might provide a general template that can be used to assess and understand university operation. Some consequences of the business models are discussed. The inquiry questions the possible future direction of higher education in England in the light of these consequences.

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43

Wang, Yong. "Diversification, information asymmetry, cost of capital, and production efficiency". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/13948.

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Business Administration
Ph.D.
This study examines how diversification changes firms' key characteristics, which consequently alter firms' value. The reason why I focus on this topic is because of the mixed findings in literature about the valuation effect of diversification. This study offers deeper insights to the influence of diversification on important valuation factors that are already identified in finance literature. Specifically, it examines if diversification affects firms' information asymmetry problem, firms' cost of capital and cash flow, and firms' production efficiency. The study looks at both the financial industry and non-financial industry and the chapters are arranged in the following order. Firstly, empirical studies show that investors do not value BHCs' pursuit of non-interest income generating activities and yet these activities have demonstrated a dramatic pace of growth in the recent decades. An interesting question is what factors drive the discontent of the investors with the diversification endeavors of the BHCs in non-interest income activities. The first chapter examines the subject from the view point of information opaqueness, which is unique in the banking industry in terms of its intensity. We propose that increased diversification into non-interest income activities deepens information asymmetry, making BHCs more opaque and curtailing their value, as a result. Two important results are obtained in support of this proposition. First, analysts' forecasts are less accurate and more dispersed for the BHCs with greater diversity of non-interest income activities, indicating that information asymmetry problem is more severe for these BHCs. Second, stock market reactions to earning announcements by these BHCs signaling new information to the market are larger, indicating that more information is revealed to the market by each announcement. These findings indicate that increased diversity of non-interest income activities is associated with more severe information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders and, hence, a lower valuation by shareholder. Secondly, since Lang and Stulz (1994) and Berger and Ofek (1995), corporate literature has taken the position that industrial diversification is associated with a firm value discount. However, the validity and the sources of the diversification discount are still highly debated. In particular, extant studies limit themselves to cash flow effects, totally overlooking the cost of capital as a factor determining firm value. Inspired by Lamont and Polk (2001), the second chapter examines how industrial and international diversification change the conglomerates' cost of capital (equity and debt), and thereby the firm value. Our empirical results, based on a sample of Russell 3000 firms over the 1998-2004 period, show that industrial (international) diversification is associated with a lower (higher) firm cost of capital. These findings also hold for firms fully financed with equity. In addition, international diversification is found to be associated with a lower operating cash flow while industrial diversification doesn't alter it. These results indicate that industrial (international) diversification is associated with firm value enhancement (destruction). Given the fact that the majority of the firms involved in industrial diversification also diversify internationally, failing to separate these two dimensions of diversification may result in mistakenly attributing the diversification discount to industrial diversification. Thirdly, financial conglomerates have been increasingly diversifying their business into banking, securities, and insurance activities, especially after the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA, 1999). The third chapter examines whether bank holding company (BHC) diversification is associated with improvement in production efficiency. By applying the data envelopment analysis (DEA), the Malmquist Index of productivity, and total factor productivity change as a decomposed factor of the index, are calculated for a sample of BHCs over the period 1997-2007. The following results are obtained. First, technical efficiency is negatively associated with activity diversification and the effect is primarily driven by BHCs that did not diversify through Section 20 subsidiaries before GLBA. Second, the degree of change in diversification over time does not affect the total factor productivity change but is negatively associated with technical efficiency change over time. This latter effect is also primarily shown on BHCs that did not have Section 20 subsidiaries before GLBA. Therefore, it can be concluded that diversification is on average associated with lower production efficiency of BHCs, especially those BHCs without first-mover advantage obtained through Section 20 subsidiaries. These chapters explores the possible channels through which diversification could alter firms' valuation. They contribute to the literature by offering further knowledge about the effect of diversification.
Temple University--Theses

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44

Lin, Sheng-Feng y 林昇峯. "Diversification Strategies and Business Model". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57649313571543774496.

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碩士
東海大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
102
The intention of this paper is to disclose how a car dealership diversifies its strategies to set up a successful business model. By the method of case study,the researcher tried to analyze its value-added strategy to know how to make profit from such business model. This paper also adjusted Osterwalder’s business model, and analyzed the use of it in the territories of customer, product, cost management and financial respectively. The subject company not only sells three different brands of vehicles, Ford, Volvo and Suzuki, but also sets up a property insurance agency company to combine relevant car insurance business. Besides, it also set up a car leasing company to provide long-term lease services for demo cars and short-term lease services for the customers who sent their vehicles to the dealership’s reparement factories. This study disclosed that the subject company sells different brands of vehicles to satisfy different segments of target customers. And, customers could build connection with the subject company by its diversified insurance agency company and the leasing company. Due to its successful combination and share of its core operating abilities and resourses in diversified companies, it has reduced total costs and raised profitability as well.

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45

Huang, Zhuobin. "Business model optimization plan for S.F. Group's fresh e-commerce business". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19547.

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Nowadays, the market is increasingly fierce, so many companies seek new growth points through business diversification. However, logistics companies have not succeeded in integrating business in the e-commerce industry. In order to answer the failure of logistics enterprises in the field of E-commerce, this paper chooses S.F. BEST as the research object. Case study is conducted on JD.com FRESH and MISSHFRESH to explore their successful experience in business model and the diversity of the industry. After that, we proposed feasible suggestions on the problems existing in S.F. Group. The study of this project found that fresh e-commerce not only needs to provide customers with quality products and delivery services but also needs to establish a good relationship with customers through platforms and channels. However, S.F. Group lacked the ability of platform and channel management, and its market positioning was obviously wrong, so it suffered from business failure and financial losses. Aiming at the shortcomings of S.F. Group's business model in market positioning accuracy and resource utilisation ability, this project proposes improvement suggestions and a development plan. By improving the implementation of the plan, we hope to help S.F. Group reshapes its business model and business operation process, and help the company achieve business diversification and vertical integration.
Na actualidade, o mercado está cada vez mais feroz, levando a que muitas empresas procurem novas vias de crescimento através da diversificação dos negócios. No entanto, as companhias de logística não conseguiram desenvolver os seus negócios no sector de comércio electrónico. A fim de dar conta do fracasso das referidas companhias no domínio do comércio electrónico, o presente trabalho tem o S.F. BEST como objecto de investigação. O estudo de caso é conduzido para explorar a experiência bem-sucedida do modelo de negócios e a diversidade do setor. Em seguida, propusemos sugestões viáveis sobre os problemas existentes no S.F. Grupo. O estudo do presente trabalho constatou que o comércio electrónico actual não apenas necessita de oferecer aos clientes produtos de qualidade elevada e prestar serviços de entrega eficaz, mas também precisa de estabelecer um bom relacionamento com os clientes através de várias plataformas e canais. No entanto, o S.F. Grupo não possuía a capacidade de gestão de plataforma e canal, com um posicionamento obviamente errado no mercado, por consequência, sofreu de fracasso nos negócios e perdas financeiras. O presente trabalho propõe sugestões de melhoria e um plano de desenvolvimento, focando nas deficiências do modelo de negócios do S.F. Grupo de negócios acerca da imprecisão de posicionamento no mercado e incapacidade de utilização de recursos. Através de melhorar a implementação do plano, esperamos ajudar o S.F. Grupo na reestruturação do modelo de negócios e do processo de operação de negócios, ajuda a empresa a alcançar a diversificação de negócios e integração vertical.

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46

Khan, Hashmat Ullah. "Essays on output and real exchange rate dynamics". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10813.

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There are two key observations in international macroeconomics which pertain to output and real exchange rate dynamics. First, fluctuations in national output around its long-run growth path are very persistent. Second, fluctuations in real exchange rates are very persistent. The sticky price framework offers an explanation for both phenomena. The first and second essay of this thesis take an empirical approach to test the predictions of this framework. In the first essay I test the prediction of the sticky price model for output dynamics using annual IFS data on 51 countries over the period 1950 -1996. The model predicts that price stickiness should be less important in high inflation countries and therefore output fluctuations less persistent. I find that, this inverse relationship is statistically insignificant in the international data. A similar result holds for OECD countries. In the empirical implementation I explicitly control for the within-country time variation in inflation by first characterizing the inflationary environment using the long-run movements in inflation (trend inflation), and secondly, by excluding episodes of hyperinflation. The analysis shows that when the within-country time variation in inflation is ignored, there is support for the prediction. For instance, the inverse relationship between persistence in deviations of output from its long-run growth path and average inflation is statistically significant in the full sample. However, the exclusion of a few episodes of hyperinflation renders this relationship statistically insignificant. In the second essay I investigate the prediction of the sticky price model for real exchange rate dynamics using annual IFS data on 49 countries over the period 1972-1996. The model predicts that deviations of real exchange rates from purchasing power parity should be less persistent, in high inflation countries. The empirical analysis reveals that the support for such an inverse relationship is extremely fragile. In particular, eliminating episodes of hyperinflation renders this relationship statistically insignificant. The lack of evidence in favour of the two predictions of the sticky price model is problematic since this model is extensively used as a microfoundation for understanding output and real exchange rate fluctuations. In the third essay I take a structural approach to qualitatively explore the role of slow diffusion of new products in propagating the effect of technology shocks on output. I present a multi-sector dynamic general equilibrium model in which the creation of new products requires real resources. These products are beneficial for the economy but only upon complete diffusion. However, this diffusion is not instantaneous. I find that relative to a model in which there is instantaneous diffusion of new products, the qualitative output dynamics are similar to what is observed in the U.S. data. This warrants further quantitative investigation.

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47

Maier, Maximilian Johannes. "How to monitor business model portfolios : a new framework for the automotive industry". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29768.

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Throughout the last decades, incumbents not only needed to innovate their business models, but even established a portfolio of many diverse business models. A higher number of simultaneously operated business models brings a new form of competition to the market and makes the monitoring of the portfolio more complex. Hence, managers are in need for a tool to overview their business model portfolios. This thesis reviews the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches for monitoring portfolios from the business literature and develops a new framework that aims to give an overview about both, the current and the future perspective of corporate business model portfolios. I use the case of the automotive industry as it is undergoing fundamental changes due to environmental trends and shifting customer demands that forced incumbents to diversify their business model portfolios, especially in digital services. To show the practical fit and to validate the framework, I apply the framework to the business model portfolio of Volkswagen. The framework contributes to explore synergies between business models and helps to identify supply gaps and clusters along the corporate value chain. The results of the thesis are based on scientific knowledge from the literature, as well as conducted interviews with practitioners from the automotive industry.
Durante as últimas décadas, empresas não só necessitaram apenas de inovar os seus modelos de negócio, como também criaram portfolios com variados modelos de negócio. A operação de um elevado número de negócios em simultâneo conduz a uma nova forma de competição ao mercado e faz com que a monotorização de portfolios seja mais complexa. Assim, gestores necessitam de uma nova ferramenta para estudar os portfolios dos seus modelos de negócio. Esta tese revê os pontos fortes e fracos dos métodos existentes de monitorização de portfolios. Usei o caso da indústria automóvel uma vez que este está a passar por mudanças fundamentais devido a uma maior preocupação ambiental e uma descida de procura por parte dos consumidores, razoes que levaram as empresas a diversificar os seus portfolios, particularmente nos serviços digitais. Como tal, para demostrar a relevância pratica e validar o Framework, eu aplico o Framework ao portefólio do modelo de negócio da Volkswagen. O Framework contribui para explorar sinergias entre modelos de negócio e ajuda a identificar falhas nos fornecedores e na rede de distribuição. Os resultados desta tese são baseados em conhecimentos científicos de literatura, assim como entrevistas a trabalhadores da indústria dos automóveis.

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48

Chen, Ching-Sung y 陳景崧. "A study on the business model of component manufacturers\'\' diversification – A case of A Company in Zinc and Aluminum Die Casting Industry". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5457076%22.&searchmode=basic.

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碩士
國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
107
This dissertation takes one of the traditional industries to be a case study, which is the component manufacturing industry, in order to investigate strategy of diversification business model and discussed advantages and disadvantages of concentric and horizontal diversification. The thesis is based on concentric and horizontal diversification to analysis the strengths and weaknesses of A manufacturing in zinc and aluminium die-casting industry. The research method of this study is to interview five of business leaders of related industries are to assist the authenticity of the research results. Also face on the problem of second generation succession and the characteristics of industry are extended to the business model, business strategy and risk assessment. In terms of invest stratge, the success rate of concentric diversification is higher than horizontal diversification. Firstly, manufacture utilizes the existing equipment, technology and talents which are the same source in the factory. Seconly, the investment capital expenditure can be lower than builing a new line. The last, it can reduce the risk in expanding products categories and entering new market. Risk avoidance and resource sharing are the benefits of concentric diversification. Compared with concentric diversification business model, the horizontal diversification is totally opposite direction. One of reason is all equipment, technology and talent must be redesigned, allocated and trained in buling a new producting line and it is the higher uncertainties situation. Another reason the market is concentrated in the same area, which lost the opportunities into the new market. Secondly, greater investment funds need to be devotion. On the other hand, it is an effective method to expand the operation of different industries by merger and acquisition if there were abundant funds than to start a new enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully plan to invest in capital, technology and talent under favorable conditions, which avoid being dragged down by the newly created extra-industry investment, if it does not expand, there will be a close and critical threat to the survival of the industry. This dissertation aims to apply a model called PDDRO cycle to control new product development cycle in development department of A component manufacture which is own thiry years operation experiences. By applying the model, this reaserch aslo summarize six key projects which are Quality、Delivery、Price、Technology、 Management、Equipment in production process operation management process. In conclusion, this study also explains in the article and provides references for future second generations of enterprise and researchers.

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49

Hsu, Ming-kai y 徐明楷. "Taiwan Business Group’s Diversification". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09722907247440339833.

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碩士
逢甲大學
國際貿易學系
102
This research takes advantage of the resource-based theory to explore how the resource endowment of Taiwanese business groups affect diversification, and the effects on the business groups’ overall performance when employing diversification strategies. Taiwan holds fairly scarce resources due to its recent unstable market, and its nature of being an island country; thus successful utilization of resources after corporate diversification is a key factor to whether or not the company succeeds. This research references element of resources from resource-based views to discuss diversification, and also analyze the effect diversification has on corporate performance. 　　The main focus of this study is to explore how resource endowments of business groups (including tangible, intangible, and human resources)affect diversification, and how different degrees of diversification influences business performance (such as financial performance and sustainable development.) The object of study of this research is 300 Taiwan business groups listed in Business groups in Taiwan published by the China Credit Information Service. Acquired data was then analyzed using regression analysis. Results show that tangible, intangible and human resource endowments all have significant positive impact on business groups’ degree of diversification.

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50

Wang, Shan-Huei y 王珊彗. "Diversification of Business Group". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6wpwf4.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
106
The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between business groups’ diversification and their performance, and two studies are included. The first study explores the relationships among capabilities, industry diversification strategic choice and performance. The second study focus on how power distance diversification affects groups’ performance as their internationalization process. The abstract of each study is summarized as following: Study 1: Based on the resource-based perspective, this study plans to examine the relationships among business group’s capabilities, industry diversify strategic choice, and business group performance. This study demonstrates how different types of capabilities in terms of marketing, operational, and R&D capabilities affect the industry diversification strategic choice and business group performance. By using data from the Top 100 business groups in Taiwan, this study expects that business groups are more likely to adopt a high level of industry diversification strategy when they have better marketing and operational capabilities, conversely, they are more likely to adopt a low level of industry diversification strategy when they have superior R & D capability. Besides, on average, high industry diversification groups perform better than low ones after controlling the endogeneity issues. In addition, business groups achieve a better performance if their industry diversification strategy matching the conditions they encounter. This study plans to show that business groups’ performance from their industry diversification strategy are not universal but depend on different types of their capabilities. Study2: This study examines the effects of portfolio of power distance, shareholding of government and shareholding of foreign institution on business group performance. This study suggests that there is an S-shaped relationship between power distance diversification and business group performance. Performance decreases in the low level of power distance diversification, increases in the moderate level of power distance diversification, and decreases again in the high level of power distance diversification. In addition, shareholding of government is hypothesized to have a negative moderating effect on the S-shaped relationship; while shareholding of foreign institution is hypothesized to have a positive moderating effect on the S-shaped relationship. Top 100 business groups in Taiwanese during a 14-year period are collected to test the hypotheses. The empirical findings support all the main hypotheses of this study. This study also provides important theoretical and managerial implications for strategic and international business management.

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