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1
Unger, Daniel M. Titian’s Allegory of Marriage. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729536.
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This book offers nine new approaches toward a single work of art, Titian’s Allegory of Marriage or Allegory of Alfonso d’Avalos, dated to 1530/5. In earlier references, the painting was named simply Allegory, alluding to its enigmatic nature. The work follows in a tradition of such ambiguous Venetian paintings as Giovanni Bellini’s Sacred Allegory and Giorgione’s Tempest. Throughout the years, Titian’s Allegory has engendered a range of diverse interpretations. Art historians such as Hans Tietze, Erwin Panofsky, Walter Friedlaender, and Louis Hourticq, to mention only a few, promoted various explanations. This book offers novel approaches and suggests new meanings toward a further understanding of this somewhat abstruse painting.
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Ullmann-Margalit, Edna. Invisible-Hand Explanations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802433.003.0008.
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Invisible-hand explanations suggest that many social practices are a product of human action, but not human design. In coming to terms with such explanations, it is essential to distinguish between explanations of the emergence of practices and explanations of the persistence of practices. The kind of invisible-hand explanation that accounts for the emergence of practices might turn out to be altogether different from the kind that accounts for their persistence. The emergence of practices is often best explained by aggregating explanations: Diverse and dispersed action by numerous people might produce some kind of pattern, even if they did not foresee it or intend to bring it about. By contrast, practices often persist because of evolutionary explanations. They survive some sort of competition. Survival value may have nothing to do with the emergence of a practice in the first place.
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Kaplan, David M. Neural Computation, Multiple Realizability, and the Prospects for Mechanistic Explanation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685509.003.0008.
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There is an ongoing philosophical and scientific debate concerning the nature of computational explanation in the neurosciences. Recently, some have cited modeling work involving so-called canonical neural computations—standard computational modules that apply the same fundamental operations across multiple brain areas—as evidence that computational neuroscientists sometimes employ a distinctive explanatory scheme from that of mechanistic explanation. Because these neural computations can rely on diverse circuits and mechanisms, modeling the underlying mechanisms is supposed to be of limited explanatory value. I argue that these conclusions about computational explanations in neuroscience are mistaken, and rest upon a number of confusions about the proper scope of mechanistic explanation and the relevance of multiple realizability considerations. Once these confusions are resolved, the mechanistic character of computational explanations can once again be appreciated.
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Robinson, Paul H. y Tyler Scot Williams. Mapping American Criminal Law. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400682667.
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Containing 40 visually coded maps of the fifty states, this book offers an unprecedented look at America's diverse legal landscape. This first-of-its-kind volume sketches the diversity implicit in United States criminal law doctrine through its examination of a range of criminal laws pertaining to murder, sexual assault, drug offenses, the insanity defense, and more and the way in which different states deal with those issues. In addition to providing insights into the most widely invoked standards in criminal law, it raises awareness of the enormous discrepancies among the criminal laws of states, documenting them using dozens of visually coded maps that showcase geographic, political, and socioeconomic differences to explain patterns of agreement and disagreement. Mapping American Criminal Law: Variations Across the 50 States is for political scientists, criminologists, sociologists, legal scholars, policy advisors, legislators, lawyers, judges, and scholars and students of these fields. In addition, each chapter is highly accessible to laypersons and includes an explanation of the subject matter as well as explanations of the various approaches to criminal law taken by states.
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Mendes, Paulo. Cooling Down: Local Responses to Global Climate Change. Editado por Susanna M. Hoffman y Thomas Hylland Eriksen. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/9781800731899.
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Climate change is a slowly advancing crisis sweeping over the planet and affecting different habitats in strikingly diverse ways. While nations have signed treaties and implemented policies, most actual climate change assessments, adaptations, and countermeasures take place at the local level. People are responding by adjusting their practices, livelihoods, and cultures, protesting and migrating. This book portrays the diversity of explanations and remedies as expressed at the community level and its emphasis on the crucial importance of ethnographic detail in demonstrating how people in different parts of the world are scaling down the phenomenon of global warming.
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Belsey, Catherine. Poststructuralism: A Very Short Introduction. 2a ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198859963.001.0001.
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Abstract Poststructuralism challenges traditional ways of thinking about the relations between human beings, culture, and the world. Language and meaning are reappraised, and with them assumptions about what it is possible for us to know. Poststructuralism resists certainties and offers ways to consider our place in the world that compete with conventional explanations. In this Very Short Introduction, Catherine Belsey examines key figures such as Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Julia Kristeva, Gilles Deleuze, and Sarah Kofman, drawing examples from sources as diverse as M. C. Escher, politics, Shakespeare, climate change, love, primatology, and pandemics.
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Gallagher, Sally K. Why Won’t Religion Just Go Away? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190239671.003.0001.
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This chapter outlines explanations for the continuing salience of religion in the United States and raises questions about how congregations, including the structures in which they worship, contribute to adult identity for women and men. Beginning with an assessment of current theories of religious markets and religious subcultures, and theories of religious conversion or switching, we make the case that denominational distinctives continue to shape membership for women and men. We critique the generalization that women are more religious than men, and we provide a brief overview of the analysis of how women and men experience the process of joining, growing connection and involvement, and changing within three diverse congregations.
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Englehardt, Joshua D., Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza y Christopher S. Beekman, eds. Ancient West Mexicos. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066349.001.0001.
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Ancient west Mexico has often been viewed as an isolated mishmash of cultures, separated from Mesoamerica “proper,” a region that lacked “civilization.” This volume argues against this vision by highlighting current archaeological research on the diverse and complex pre-Hispanic societies that developed in this area. Through the presentation of original data and interpretations, contributions provoke debate and advance understanding of regional complexity, chronology, and diversity, as well as the role of the west in broader, pan-Mesoamerican sociocultural processes. The volume illustrates the ways in which research and areal data from western Mesoamerica can meaningfully contribute to the construction of theoretical models applicable in multiple contexts and capable of enhancing archaeological descriptions and explanations of the dynamic diversity characteristic of all Mesoamerican societies. The volume also presents intriguing case studies from western Mesoamerica that illuminate alternative pathways to sociopolitical complexity in pre-Hispanic societies. In doing so, the volume seeks to contribute to contemporary anthropological and archaeological debates regarding the ways in which archaeologists describe and explain the material configurations that they encounter in the archaeological record, and how these configurations may explain, relate to, and enhance our understanding of the ancient lifeways of the diverse societies that inhabited the region.
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Colella, Adrienne J. y Eden B. King, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Workplace Discrimination. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199363643.001.0001.
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Increasing workplace diversity has given rise to growing intergroup challenges that persistently manifest in discrimination. An emerging science in psychology, sociology, and management has yielded useful evidence to be brought to bear on the important problem of discrimination, but most literature available focuses on social (rather than work) settings or legal (rather than interpersonal) issues, or focuses on the general phenomenon of diversity rather than the social problem of discrimination. The Oxford Handbook of Workplace Discrimination provides a broad and interdisciplinary review of state-of-the-art research on discrimination in the workplace. Contributing authors address the unique experience of people from diverse perspectives (such as religious minorities, gay and lesbian workers, and those with disabilities) and the ways in which discrimination can be manifested and its consequences, and offer explanations for discrimination and strategies for its reduction.
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Wright, Kenneth W. Pediatric Ophthalmology for Primary Care, 3rd Ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104363.
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Formatted for practical problem solving, the new 3rd edition of this clinical resource manual covers the full spectrum of eye disorders, eye examinations, vision screening, strabismus, dyslexia, ocular trauma, genetic syndromes, and all the diverse pediatric-specific eye disorders you are likely to encounter. "This book is a useful and well presented source of pediatric ophthalmology. The excellent photos are clear and crisp." Stephen Mikell, MD, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Doody's Review, 2008. Clear, concise explanations and recommendations are complemented by numerous figures and photographs demonstrating eye pathology. Includes more than 200 color images; ready access to expert guidance through all the steps in effective diagnosis and intervention, including laboratory workup, etiology, differential diagnosis, preferred treatment approach, clinical course, prognosis, and indications for referral; expanded chapter on amblyopia and strabismus; new information on the importance of maintaining physiologic hypoxia; and down syndrome.
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Hasinoff, Amy Adele. Beyond teenage biology. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038983.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the implications of the dominant discourse about the unruly biology of adolescence. In particular, it challenges the notion that sexting is the result of teenage hormones and still-developing brain structures dangerously alchemizing with new technologies. The chapter first considers the developmental model of sexuality in relation to teen biology, along with alternatives to the teenage biology model of youth sexuality. It also discusses peer pressure and “crazy teen trends” as explanations for adolescent girls' sexual behavior. The chapter complicates biology-based assumptions about teens' irrational brains, raging hormones, and fixed trajectory through sexual development as explanations for sexting. It argues that using teen biology as a sympathetic explanation for sexting can divert attention from malicious privacy violators.
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Elledge, C. D. Origins, Contexts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199640416.003.0003.
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Inquiries into the emergence of resurrection have traditionally been dichotomized into those that emphasize either “external influence” or an “internal development” within Israel’s own theology. Some explanations evade the dichotomy in favor of a more nuanced synthesis. The present chapter evaluates these approaches in light of Jewish literature from the Hellenistic and Roman eras. While the literary evidence does not resolve the question of origins, it does point to the significance of a larger framework in which Hellenistic empire brought to the Near East a reorientation of traditional values, including attitudes toward death. Within this disruptive context, scribal circles undertook an urgent reinterpretation of earlier traditions; they further produced a variety of diverse theodicies, some of which came to rely increasingly on the hope of human revivification. Resurrection equipped particular movements within Judaism to legitimate their own identities within the vast Hellenistic empire and across the threatening chasm of death.
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Colombo, Matteo, Elizabeth Irvine y Mog Stapleton, eds. Andy Clark and His Critics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662813.001.0001.
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Andy Clark is a leading philosopher and cognitive scientist. The fruits of his work have been diverse and lasting. They have had an extraordinary impact throughout philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and robotics. The extended mind hypothesis, the power of parallel distributed processing, the role of language in opening up novel paths for thinking, the flexible interface between biological minds and artificial technologies, the significance of representation in explanations of intelligent behaviour, the promise of the predictive processing framework to unify the cognitive sciences: these are just some of the ideas explored in Clark’s work that have been picked up by many researchers and that have been contributing to intense debate across the sciences of mind and brain. This volume provides the first interdisciplinary, critical engagement with Clark’s work; it includes contributions of authors from several disciplines, offering a fresh perspective on key questions in the sciences of mind and brain.
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Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A. y Santiago Alles. Women in Legislatures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0004.
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Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer and Santiago Alles argue that the influx of women into Latin American legislatures has been substantial, but once in office, women have struggled to attain full access to political power. They present a statistical analysis that shows that the main explanations for variation in women’s representation lie with gender quotas and party system fragmentation. They show that women in national legislatures have brought women’s issues to the legislative arena, and they provide a new analysis showing that female legislators are more supportive of liberal gender equality, abortion, and divorce laws. However, they argue that women have not gained access to diverse committee leadership posts or served in top chamber leadership posts to the same extent as men. Finally, they show that the presence of women in legislatures has had important effects on citizen support for female political leaders, political engagement and participation, and supportiveness of representative democracy.
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Hoenig, Steven L. Handbook of Chemical Warfare and Terrorism. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400661167.
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The increased threat of chemical terrorism and warfare makes a quick, comprehensive guide more vital than ever. Forensic chemist Steven L. Hoenig has compiled information from diverse sources to produce this ready reference with details on various chemicals, including identification tips, symptoms and treatment procedures, protective gear necessary to counter each threat, and a step-by-step description of decontamination procedures. A brief overview of the history of chemicals used in warfare is followed by a discussion of the different categories of chemical threats. First responders to a chemical event will find the wealth of information invaluable, as cities and civic organizations are called upon to develop readiness plans for dealing with terrorist attacks. This guide includes clear diagrams and explanations, and has been compiled with both the layman and professional in mind, making it a useful addition to any military, medical, or home library.
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Soest, Christian von y Alexander Stroh. Comparisons across World Regions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.003.0004.
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Scholars often pay insufficient attention to bridging the research divide between different world regions. The authors argue that structured qualitative comparisons across world regions offer a sound middle ground for the integration of universal approaches and context knowledge. The chapter puts forward suggestions about how to deal with challenges in cross-area comparisons at the conceptual, methodological, and practical level. First, scholars should integrate region-centered academic discourses to foster conceptual advancement and empirical research, thereby overcoming the restricted horizons of specific knowledge communities. Second, systematic research designs and case-selection criteria should be aligned with area awareness to reap the benefits of cross-regional CAS. Third, the authors’ notion of “applied CAS” implies that practical considerations for successful comparative research must be understood as an important constituent of any successful research strategy. Cross-area comparisons are indispensable if social science aims to provide truly universal explanations in touch with the diverse realities of a globalized world.
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Schwabach, Aaron. Internet and the Law. 2a ed. Bloomsbury, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400671678.
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The world of Internet law is constantly changing and is difficult to follow, even for those for whom doing so is a full-time job. This updated, everything-you-need-to-know reference removes the uncertainty. Internet and the Law: Technology, Society, and Compromises, Second Edition is the go-to source for anyone who needs clear explanations of complex legal concepts related to online practices and content. This wide-ranging, alphabetical reference explores diverse areas of law, including territorial jurisdiction and taxation, that are relevant to or affected by advances in information technology and the rise of the Internet. Particular emphasis is placed on intellectual property law and laws regarding freedom of expression. The Internet, as this book shows, raises questions not only about how to protect intellectual creations, but about what should be protected. Entries also discuss how the Web has brought First Amendment rights and free expression into question as society grapples with attempts to control "leaks" and to restrict content such as pornography, spam, defamation, and criminal speech.
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Escobar-Lemmon, Maria C., Valerie J. Hoekstra, Alice J. Kang y Miki Caul Kittilson. Reimagining the Judiciary. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861577.001.0001.
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This book examines the factors that facilitate women’s representation on high courts worldwide. Diverse courts improve collective decision-making, strengthen public confidence in the judiciary and judicial decisions, and broaden access to the judicial process. Taken together, domestic and international factors explain women’s representation. These influences include judicial pipelines, domestic institutions including selection processes, and international expectations about gender equity. These explanations are evaluated using an original dataset, which includes both men and women appointed to high courts in all regions of the world. Pathways and processes are examined in-depth through five case studies: Canada, Colombia, Ireland, South Africa, and the United States. Taking a multi-method approach, the book combines insights from a cross-national, time-serial dataset with case studies drawing on fieldwork. Women are being appointed to high courts in greater numbers across every region of the world, and political and legal institutions provide context for where the gains are earliest and strongest. The findings suggest a chain of favorable promoters for women’s representation on high courts: new norms of gender equality encourage the reimagining of the judiciary; advocacy organizations challenge the status quo; and windows of opportunity enable change.
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Bendl, Regine, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen y Albert J. Mills, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Diversity in Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.001.0001.
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Diversity and its management has become a feature of modern and postmodern organizations. Different practices have spread around the globe focusing on the organizing and management of inclusion and exclusion of persons and identities based on different genders, sexual orientations, racial and ethnic backgrounds, ages, and (dis)abilities, as well as religious beliefs. Different diversity dimensions are identified and different explanations provided as to how and why these dimensions should be organized and ‘managed’ professionally. The discourses of equal opportunities, gender mainstreaming, and diversity management address these inclusion and exclusion processes each in their own ways while also intersecting. However, although increasingly recognized as important, the discourses of diversity are multifaceted and not without controversy. Furthermore, diversity management discourses and practices have the potential to reproduce both inclusion and exclusion. This book covers the rich and diverse field of diversity studies in organizations in one book. It presents the foundations of organizing and managing diversities, offers multidisciplinary, intersectional and critical analyses on key issues, and opens up fresh perspectives in order to advance the diversity debate. It also inspires new debates on diversity by encouraging scholars to broaden their research agendas and assists students and scholars to increase their understanding of the field and its current discussions. The authors are leading experts in the field from all over the world.
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Brown, Heath. The Tea Party Divided. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216022688.
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Unlike previous books on the Tea Party, this work looks at the second phase of party growth to show that what was once considered a monolithic movement is truly a collection of different opinions. Since the Tea Party exploded onto the American political scene, it has matured and changed, but the differences that now exist within the movement are largely unacknowledged. A more nuanced understanding is called for. Previous treatises have sought explanations for the rise of the movement and focused primarily on its early days. This book, in contrast, focuses on understanding the diversity within the party, challenging the notion that the Tea Party is a homogeneous political movement defined mainly by its ultra-conservatism, regionalism, and rigid political orthodoxy. To accurately depict the Tea Party as it exists today, the book explores how the party evolved from its first phase to its second, examining important distinctions in terms of who has joined and who has served in Congress and other offices. Differences in Tea Party organizations around the country are examined and their funding sources considered. The book also explores the political positions taken by Tea Party members, looking at the voting records of party legislators to see if they've adhered to stated movement objectives. Finally, and perhaps most intriguingly, the author speculates on what this all means and suggests possible futures for the diverse Tea Party strands.
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Smith, Andrew F. Food and Drink in American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216184768.
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This three-volume encyclopedia on the history of American food and beverages serves as an ideal companion resource for social studies and American history courses, covering topics ranging from early American Indian foods to mandatory nutrition information at fast food restaurants. The expression “you are what you eat” certainly applies to Americans, not just in terms of our physical health, but also in the myriad ways that our taste preferences, eating habits, and food culture are intrinsically tied to our society and history. This standout reference work comprises two volumes containing more than 600 alphabetically arranged historical entries on American foods and beverages, as well as dozens of historical recipes for traditional American foods; and a third volume of more than 120 primary source documents. Never before has there been a reference work that coalesces this diverse range of information into a single set. The entries in this set provide information that will transform any American history research project into an engaging learning experience. Examples include explanations of how tuna fish became a staple food product for Americans, how the canning industry emerged from the Civil War, the difference between Americans and people of other countries in terms of what percentage of their income is spent on food and beverages, and how taxation on beverages like tea, rum, and whisky set off important political rebellions in U.S. history.
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Smith, Andrew F. Food and Drink in American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216184775.
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This three-volume encyclopedia on the history of American food and beverages serves as an ideal companion resource for social studies and American history courses, covering topics ranging from early American Indian foods to mandatory nutrition information at fast food restaurants. The expression “you are what you eat” certainly applies to Americans, not just in terms of our physical health, but also in the myriad ways that our taste preferences, eating habits, and food culture are intrinsically tied to our society and history. This standout reference work comprises two volumes containing more than 600 alphabetically arranged historical entries on American foods and beverages, as well as dozens of historical recipes for traditional American foods; and a third volume of more than 120 primary source documents. Never before has there been a reference work that coalesces this diverse range of information into a single set. The entries in this set provide information that will transform any American history research project into an engaging learning experience. Examples include explanations of how tuna fish became a staple food product for Americans, how the canning industry emerged from the Civil War, the difference between Americans and people of other countries in terms of what percentage of their income is spent on food and beverages, and how taxation on beverages like tea, rum, and whisky set off important political rebellions in U.S. history.
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Smith, Andrew F. Food and Drink in American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216184751.
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This three-volume encyclopedia on the history of American food and beverages serves as an ideal companion resource for social studies and American history courses, covering topics ranging from early American Indian foods to mandatory nutrition information at fast food restaurants. The expression “you are what you eat” certainly applies to Americans, not just in terms of our physical health, but also in the myriad ways that our taste preferences, eating habits, and food culture are intrinsically tied to our society and history. This standout reference work comprises two volumes containing more than 600 alphabetically arranged historical entries on American foods and beverages, as well as dozens of historical recipes for traditional American foods; and a third volume of more than 120 primary source documents. Never before has there been a reference work that coalesces this diverse range of information into a single set. The entries in this set provide information that will transform any American history research project into an engaging learning experience. Examples include explanations of how tuna fish became a staple food product for Americans, how the canning industry emerged from the Civil War, the difference between Americans and people of other countries in terms of what percentage of their income is spent on food and beverages, and how taxation on beverages like tea, rum, and whisky set off important political rebellions in U.S. history.
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Harris, Jo y Lorraine Cale. Promoting Active Lifestyles in Schools. Human Kinetics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718215542.
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Promoting Active Lifestyles in Schools presents a holistic perspective on physical activity, exposing teachers to a broad spectrum of curricular and noncurricular opportunities to enhance their pupils’ engagement with physical activity, as well as the tools and resources to do it. Through its research-informed, evidence-based practices built on health-related studies from around the world, this book will help teachers broaden their physical activity promotion in school-based environments. Promoting Active Lifestyles in Schools offers the following: • Tried-and-true practical learning activities that help pupils of all ages lead healthy, active lifestyles • Clear explanations of the current thinking and evidence underpinning the practical ideas and activities, helping teachers fully grasp the content and depth of the material • Developmentally appropriate procedures to monitor children’s health, activity and fitness in school, both as individuals and within a cohort • Best practices, illustrated through a diverse range of case studies, to help teachers connect with the information and help their pupils apply it in real life The practical ideas and activities in Promoting Active Lifestyles in Schools will help teachers make a positive difference in the health, well-being and quality of life of their pupils by equipping them with the knowledge, skills, competence and confidence to engage in physically active lifestyles. Schools can use this book to incorporate this important element into the curriculum in a planned and progressive manner that is accessible to all pupils.
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Kurizki, Gershon y Goren Gordon. The Quantum Matrix. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787464.001.0001.
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“Meet Henry Bar, a physicist and … quantum superhero.” The title The Quantum Matrix refers to a central concept in quantum physics, but also (allegorically) to our enigmatic world. In this book, Henry Bar, physicist and the first quantum superhero, guides the reader through the amazing quantum world. Henry’s hair-raising adventures in his perilous struggle for quantum coherence are graphically depicted by comics and thoroughly explained to the lay reader. Behind each adventure lies a key concept in quantum physics. These concepts range from the basic quantum coherence and entanglement through tunneling and the recently discovered quantum decoherence control, to the principles of the emerging technologies of quantum communication and computing. The explanations of the concepts are popular, but nonetheless rigorous and detailed, and are followed by their broader context, their historic perspective, up-to-date status and forthcoming developments. Finally, thought-provoking philosophical and cultural implications of these concepts are discussed. The mathematical appendices of all chapters cover, in a straightforward manner, the core aspects of quantum physics at the level of a university introductory course. The Quantum Matrix presents an entertaining, popular yet comprehensive picture of quantum physics. It can be read as a light-hearted illustrated tale, a philosophical treatise or a textbook. Either way, the book lets the reader delve deeply into the wondrous quantum world from diverse perspectives and obtain glimpses into the quantum technologies that are about to reshape our lives. May the reader’s voyage through the quantum world charted by this book be both pleasant and rewarding.
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Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian. Emergency Powers of International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832935.001.0001.
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This book explores emergency politics of international organizations (IOs). It studies cases in which, based on justifications of exceptional necessity, IOs expand their authority, increase executive discretion, and interfere with the rights of their rule-addressees. This “IO exceptionalism” is observable in the crisis responses of a diverse set of institutions including the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and the World Health Organization. Through six in-depth case studies, the book analyzes the institutional dynamics unfolding in the wake of the assumption of emergency powers by IOs. Sometimes, the exceptional competencies become normalized in the IOs’ authority structures (the “ratchet effect”). In other cases, IO emergency powers provoke a backlash that eventually reverses or contains the expansions of authority (the “rollback effect”). To explain these variable outcomes, the book draws on sociological institutionalism to develop a proportionality theory of IO emergency powers. It contends that ratchets and rollbacks are a function of actors’ ability to justify or contest emergency powers as (dis)proportionate. The claim that the distribution of rhetorical power is decisive for the institutional outcome is tested against alternative rational institutionalist explanations that focus on institutional design and the distribution of institutional power among states. The proportionality theory holds across the cases studied in this book and clearly outcompetes the alternative accounts. Against the background of the empirical analysis, the book moreover provides a critical normative reflection on the (anti) constitutional effects of IO exceptionalism and highlights a potential connection between authoritarian traits in global governance and the system’s current legitimacy crisis.
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Swinehart, Karl. Voice and Nation in Plurinational Bolivia. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350324749.
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This book offers ethnographic accounts of Aymara language media activism in Bolivia during the presidency of Evo Morales (2006–2019). It draws on research conducted among Aymara language radio broadcasters, hip hop artists, and community members during a period of radical social change and Indigenous political resurgence (pachakuti) in South America’s most Indigenous republic. The Plurinational Republic of Bolivia counts Aymara among its official languages, but Aymara’s social status and transmission to newer generations raise concerns about whether, despite being one of the most widely spoken Indigenous languages of the Americas, the threat of language obsolescence persists. This ethnographic account of Indigenous language activism shows how Aymara media and cultural workers combat this threat by making the language audible in diverse corners of Aymara life and examines the role Indigenous multilingualism plays in Bolivian politics. Through interviews and analysis of Aymara media texts, this study shows how language professionals determine how “the voice of the people” should sound. By introducing neologisms and archaicisms to avoid mixing Aymara with Spanish, Aymara language professionals disseminate a register of dehispanicized Aymara over the airwaves. The study reveals how these language professionals approach cultivating Aymara as more than a question of linguistic competence, but also of political commitment and anti-racist practice. Organized into two sections, one on radio and one on song, and including clear explanations and illustrations of key concepts in linguistic anthropology, this book listens to Aymara language advocacy from devout Catholics, union militants, and hip hop artists and fans, who hear in their language both the past and the future of Bolivia’s Aymaras.
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Tschen-Emmons, James B. Buildings and Landmarks of Medieval Europe. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400622205.
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Through the use of images, diagrams, and detailed descriptions, this book enables readers to appreciate how the construction, design, and function of famous structures inform our understanding of societies of the past. Buildings and Landmarks of Medieval Europe: The Middle Ages Revealed makes use of significant buildings as "representative structures" to provide insight into specific cultures, historical periods, or topics of the Middle Ages. The explanations of these buildings' construction, original intended use and change over time, and design elements allow readers to better comprehend what life in European societies of the past was like, covering social, political, economic, and intellectual perspectives. Readers will be able to apply what they learn from the discussions of the structures to improve their understanding of the historical period as well as their skills of observation and assessment needed to analyze these landmark structures and draw meaningful conclusions about their context and significance. The book's supporting features―a chronology, biographical appendix, glossary, and subject index―help researchers in successfully completing their papers or projects. Supplies fascinating and interactive ways to learn about these buildings and the motivations of the people who created themSpotlights buildings and structures that are visually compelling as well as historically significant in order to heighten readers' interest in the contentIdeally suited to support the emerging set of Common Core Standards for Social Studies that specifically calls for students to learn how to integrate information from diverse formats and mediaIncludes photographs of medieval buildings with descriptions and historical analysis, sidebars with additional info and primary sources, illustrations, a bibliography, and a glossary
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Lawrence, Thomas B. y Nelson Phillips. Constructing Organizational Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840022.001.0001.
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Across the social sciences, scholars are showing how people “work” on facets of social life that were once thought to be beyond human intervention. Facets of social life once considered to be embedded in human nature, dictated by God, or shaped by macro‐level social forces beyond human control, are now widely understood as socially constructed – made and given meaning by people through social interaction, and consequently the focus of efforts to change them. Studies of these efforts have explored new forms of work including emotion work, identity work, boundary work, strategy work, institutional work, and a host of other kinds of work. Missing in these conversations, however, is a recognition that these forms work are all part of a broader phenomenon driven by historical shifts that began with modernity and dramatically accelerated through the twentieth century. This book explores that broader phenomenon: we propose a perspective that integrates diverse streams of research to examine how people purposefully work to construct organizational life. We refer to these efforts as social‐symbolic work and introduce three forms – self work, organization work, and institutional work – that are particularly useful in understanding how actors construct organizational life. The social‐symbolic work perspective highlights the purposeful, reflexive efforts of individuals, collective actors, and networks of actors to construct the social world, and focuses attention on the motivations, practices, resources, and effects of those efforts. Thus, the social-symbolic work perspective brings actors back into explanations of the social world, and balances approaches that emphasize social structure at the expense of action or describe social processes without explaining the role of actors.
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Bommarito, Nicolas. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673383.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the two main aims of the book. The first is to establish a class of inner virtues and vices—states relevant to moral character that are independent of overt, voluntary action. These states include pleasure, emotion, and attention. The second is to offer a substantive, unifying explanation of how these various inner states are virtuous or vicious; that is, to explain what these diverse states all have in common that connects them to our moral character. These states are morally virtuous or vicious, I’ll argue, by manifesting moral cares or concerns.
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Parsons, Laurel y Brenda Ravenscroft. Josephine Lang, “An einer Quelle” (1840/1853) and “Am Morgen” (1840). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190237028.003.0008.
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Among the approximately 300 songs of Josephine Lang (1815–1880), there are several instances of setting the same text to strikingly different music. This chapter discusses Lang’s contrasting settings of two poems by Reinhold Köstlin. Her three settings of “Wenn das Herz dir ist beklommen” (two composed in 1840, the third in 1853) exhibit similarities in vocal rhythm and in motivic structure, but differ in key, in accompaniment pattern, and, most obviously, in mood. The two settings of “Am Morgen” (composed three days apart in 1840) are in the same key and share certain patterns of line repetition, but diverge in tempo, accompaniment pattern, and mood. Documentary evidence provides some possible explanations for Lang’s changes in her approach to the poems.
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Kolvin, Philip. Licensed Premises. 2a ed. Bloomsbury Professional Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781526519382.
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Licensed Premises: Law, Practice and Policy, Second Edition is a highly practical guide to the licensed industry. It clearly explains, through the use of case studies, practical tools and strategic policy advice, how the licensing regime, allied to other statutory and voluntary schemes, can be used to develop a more sustainable, diverse leisure economy. Untangling the web of licensing law: The second edition is supported by copious charts and tables to simplify explanations and argues for a strategic approach to licensing, explaining how it is part of a much larger web of control of the night time economy. Each interlocking contribution is written by an expert in their field. These include those in the areas of planning, noise, policing, door supervision, health and safety and local government strategies – all to ensure that every reader can gain an understanding of how the whole system works, as well as each individual part. Fully updated to include Hemming, Levy and EMROs: Timed to coincide with the fees, regime, the outcome of the crucial Hemming case as well as Levy and EMROs, this edition addresses such questions as ‘Are enforcement costs recoverable from licensees?’, ‘What are the effects of the Services Directive on licensing?’ and “May objections be made to EMROs on socio-economic grounds?” It also includes coverage of: Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011; Localism Act 2011 and Policing and Crime Act 2009. The second edition also contains and covers: Strategic and policy advice for those working in the licensing field; The role of policy in creating vibrant economies and the role of evidence, proximity and opening hours; Standards of excellence for licensing authorities, officers, councilors, lawyers, and in licensing hearings; Public sector duties of licensing authorities, including the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, the Equality Act, human rights, the Provision of Services Regulations, the Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006 and RIPA; Statutory remedies in the night time economy, including controlled drinking zones, dispersal orders, directions to leave, EMROs, area closure orders, reviews, premises closures, drink banning orders, confiscation powers and alcohol arrest referral schemes; Practical sections and appendices. Licensed Premises: Law, Practice and Policy, Second Edition is supplemented by a series of appendices encompassing helpful advice from government, trade associations and other bodies as well as a summary of the key case law in the field.
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Nolan, Brian, Max Roser y Stefan Thewissen. Median Household Income and GDP. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807056.003.0004.
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This chapter investigates the extent to which real income growth for households around the middle is seen to diverge from growth in national income per head—the most widely-used metric for assessing overall macroeconomic performance. While the concentration of income gains at the top of the distribution examined in Chapter 3 is one potential explanation, it is by no means the only one. A range of distinct factors that may contribute are described and their importance assessed across countries and over time. The implications are brought out both for understanding what drives ordinary living standards and for how they are best monitored and assessed.
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Ron, James, Shannon Golden, David Crow y Archana Pandya. Resources. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199975044.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the persistence of the top-down foreign funding resource pattern for local human rights organizations (LHROs) in the global South. Local publics have generally high levels of support for human rights ideas and organizations, and they do make donations to other causes. Despite this high potential for local donations, almost all LHRO funding flows from northern institutions. Part of the explanation lies in socially constructed philanthropic routines: individuals prioritize donations to “tangible” charities rather to organizations that support policy, advocacy, and legal work, and LHROs pursue international resources, rather than engage in costly domestic fundraising efforts. The chapter argues that local rights groups face an uncertain future if they do not begin to capitalize on public support. It further suggests that LHROs should—and can—develop a more diverse domestic resource base.
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Buchler, Justin. Polarization and Solving the Collective Action Problem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0005.
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The unified model predicts that a legislative caucus that is ideologically homogeneous, electorally diverse and policy-motivated will empower party leaders to solve the collective action problem of sincere voting. The result will be that legislators incrementally adopt ideologically extreme, electorally suboptimal positions in the policy space. Over the course of the post-World War II period, the party caucuses became more ideologically homogeneous, but retained their electoral diversity, thereby creating the conditions for party government. Legislators from centrist, competitive districts closely tracked their party medians rather than adopting centrist positions, which would have satisfied their constituents. That suggests parties are solving the collective action problem of sincere voting. No other institution is comparably suited to creating that effect, and even the rise of competitive primaries serves as a poor explanation for the phenomenon.
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Demshuk, Andrew. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645120.003.0001.
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After establishing the main arguments and stakes of the overall project, the introduction lays out the evolving power structures of Communist East Germany to explain who was responsible for the destruction of the University Church and why. Rejecting the common monolithic explanation that only SED party secretary Walter Ulbricht and local power player Paul Fröhlich destroyed the intact Gothic church, it reveals that a much larger mechanism of compliance and even enthusiasm was necessary to bring about this act of cultural barbarism, from city authorities, the university, and urban planners whose often banal motives (the desire for modern facilities, the dream of building the modern city, etc.) played just as important a role. After looking to Stasi collaboration and the grayness in individual biographies, it identifies the engaged public, the diverse populace that opposed the demolition with great verve to the end.
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DuBois, John W. Ergativity in Discourse and Grammar. Editado por Jessica Coon, Diane Massam y Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.2.
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This chapter considers how a discourse profile may provide a key piece of the puzzle for explaining the distribution of ergative grammatical structures within and across the world’s languages. The ergative discourse profile, isomorphic to the ergative-absolutive pattern of syntactic alignment, is found in a typologically diverse array of languages including ergative, accusative, and active. Speakers tend to follow soft constraints limiting the Quantity and Role of new and lexical noun phrases within the clause. Evidence for the universality of the ergative discourse profile is examined from typology, child language, and diachrony. A conflicting discourse pressure for topicality motivates accusativity, giving rise to competing motivations. As one recurrent resolution of competing demands, ergativity represents an evolutionarily stable strategy realized in grammar. While discourse-pragmatic and cognitive motivations contribute crucially to a functional explanation of ergativity, additional factors must include semantics of verbs, constructions, aspects, and splits; inherited morphosyntax; and more.
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Winkler, Emily A. The Foundations of Conditional Kingship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812388.003.0002.
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In Old Testament narratives, invasion and conquest were the catalysts of the institution of kingship. Chapter 2 explores relevant biblical models for medieval kingship, both conditional and unconditional. It also considers the paradoxes of writers’ decisions about how to distribute responsibility and justice in classical sources, which lacked a providential framework for the explanation of human actions and obligations. Together, these ancient models of royal responsibility, both causal and moral, illuminate approaches to the problem of explaining contingency with which later writers were familiar. The chapter also identifies several key Carolingian precedents for guiding evaluating kings to show where Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman thought about kingship diverged from continental models.
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Winkler, Emily A. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812388.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces the core argument of the book, which is that twelfth-century writers of history in England accorded more individual responsibility, both causal and moral, to eleventh-century English kings than did their historical sources. In their conquest narratives, the four historians redistribute responsibility away from the English as a collective, revealing proportionally high expectations for English kings. This change, which occurs across the four historians’ diverse genres of writing, arose from their wide reading, experience with Anglo-Norman rule, and the precedents for foreign kings of England set by the Danish and Norman Conquests of the eleventh century. The chapter examines the nature of explanation in twelfth-century historical narratives (including the role of fortune and Providence), outlines the careers of the four writers (William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, John of Worcester, and Geffrei Gaimar), and provides an overview of each writer’s approach to narrating the English past.
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Danielson, J. Taylor y Robin Stryker. Cultural Influences on Social Policy Development. Editado por Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan y Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.032.
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Meaning-making is the core of all cultural mechanisms influencing policy development. Culture includes ideas; ideologies; values; concepts and theories; categories; beliefs; attitudes; opinions; norms; cognitive schema and paradigms; frames; discourse; spoken, written, or signed language; and any material object to which meaning is attached. Each shapes policies through meaning-making. This chapter explores how diverse aspects of culture play cognitive, normative-evaluative, and strategic roles in U.S. social policy development. It reviews exemplary research exploring the relationship between various cultural forces and that development, offering methodological and theoretical suggestions for future research. Cultural factors alone are unlikely to provide a sufficient explanation for any aspect of U.S. social policy development. However, understanding how they operate in the background and foreground of social policy debates is essential, because fully explaining the nature, timing, causes, and consequences of any particular American social policy development will require elucidating multiple aspects of—and roles played by—culture.
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Perry, Luke y Christopher Cronin. Mormons in American Politics. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400687655.
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This book provides a comprehensive explanation of how the Mormons have transformed from a hated and persecuted fringe group to a well-established world religion with viable candidates for all levels of American government. The Mormon tradition is unfamiliar and mysterious to most Americans outside of the religion, and understandably generates much curiosity. Mormons in American Politics: From Persecution to Power provides an intellectual foundation of Mormon development and emergence in politics, comprehensively examining significant issues and developments from historical, theological, cultural, and modern perspectives. The work analyzes diverse, contemporary topics including Mormons in popular culture, Mormon understandings of the Constitution, the Mormon welfare program, Mormon opposition to same-sex marriage, and the global expansion of Mormonism. The book is ideal for scholars and students of American politics, history, and culture; Mormon studies; religious studies; and religion and politics; as well as general readers who are interested in Mormon religion and culture or the rise of Mormon figures in mainstream American politics.
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Speech of Mr. John Charlton, M.P., in the House of Commons, March 28th, 1893: Reciprocity negociations, documents and statements, criticism of government conduct and motives, no real effort made for reciprocity, explanation of diverse statements at Washington and Ottawa. [S.l: s.n., 1987.
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Akhavi, Shahrough. The Muslim Tradition of Political Philosophy. Editado por George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0049.
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The doctrine of salvation in Islam centers on the community of believers. Contemporary Muslim political philosophy (or, preferably, political theory) covers a broad expanse that brings under its rubric at least two diverse tendencies: an approach that stresses the integration of religion and politics, and an approach that insists on their separation. Advocates of the first approach seem united in their desire for the “Islamization of knowledge,” meaning that the epistemological foundation of understanding and explanation in all areas of life, including all areas of political life, must be “Islamic.” Thus, one needs to speak of an “Islamic anthropology,” an “Islamic sociology,” an “Islamic political science,” and so on. But there is also a distinction that one may make among advocates of this first approach. Moreover, one can say about many, perhaps most, advocates of the first approach that they feel an urgency to apply Islamic law throughout all arenas of society. This article focuses on the Muslim tradition of political philosophy and considers the following themes: the individual and society, the state, and democracy.
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Mohamed, Rabiatul Manisah, Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi, Norazlina Hashim, Teh Pei Leng y Yusrina Mat Daud. POLYMER BLENDS. 2024a ed. PENERBIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/bk2023.013.
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Polymer Blends is an essential book that discuss on polymer blends, its additives and real-world applications. This book covers a number of topics, including the basics of polymer blends, testing and characterization techniques, the role of additives in enhancing blend properties, specialty polymer blends, and their diverse applications across industries. With a clear and concise approach, this book caters to students, researchers and professionals seeking an understanding of polymer blends. It begins by laying an introducing and concepts of polymer blends, testing and characterization methods and explanation on additives in improving blend performance and stability. Furthermore, it highlights the specialty polymer blends, which offer tailored properties for specific applications, from packaging to medical devices and electronics. This book is an essential resource on the importance of polymer blends in materials science and engineering. By combining the strengths of multiple polymers, blends offer limitless opportunities for developing materials with superior properties and sustainability. It serves as a guiding compass for unlocking the potential of polymer blends and inspiring new horizons in materials design and commercialization.
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Henning, C. Randall. Lessons and Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801801.003.0012.
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The concluding chapter draws on the seven program cases to answer questions that were posed at the outset of the study. It explains in particular the choice of the institutional mix for countries’ financial rescues: Euro-area member states wished to involve the IMF because their preferences diverged from those of the European Commission. Regime complexity is thus the consequence of states’ strategies to control agency drift. The choice of the institutions also inhered in the diversity of preferences among member states and in unanimous decision-making within the euro area. This argument, unlike other explanations, helps to explain why Germany adhered to the IMF despite sharp substantive conflicts on particular points of program design and why heated conflicts among the institutions did not lead to the demise of the troika. The chapter also recommends institutional reforms to prepare for the next crisis and proposes an agenda for future research on regime complexity.
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Fehr, Hans y Fabian Kindermann. Introduction to Computational Economics Using Fortran. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804390.001.0001.
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Introduction to Computational Economics Using Fortran is the essential guide to conducting economic research on a computer. Aimed at students of all levels of education as well as advanced economic researchers, it facilitates the first steps into writing programs using Fortran. Introduction to Computational Economics Using Fortran assumes no prior experience as it introduces the reader to this programming language. It shows the reader how to apply the most important numerical methods conducted by computational economists using the toolbox that accompanies this text. It offers various examples from economics and finance organized in self-contained chapters that speak to a diverse range of levels and academic backgrounds. Each topic is supported by an explanation of the theoretical background, a demonstration of how to implement the problem on the computer, and a discussion of simulation results. Readers can work through various exercises that promote practical experience and deepen their economic and technical insights. This textbook is accompanied by a website from which readers can download all program codes as well as a numerical toolbox, and receive technical information on how to install Fortran on their computer.
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Lavie, Nilli y Polly Dalton. Load Theory of Attention and Cognitive Control. Editado por Anna C. (Kia) Nobre y Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.003.
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Research has highlighted a puzzling discrepancy in our selective attention performance: whereas in some circumstances we are able to be highly selective, at other times we can exhibit high levels of distraction. The load theory of attention and cognitive control provides an explanation for these contrasting observations, proposing that the extent to which people can focus their attention in the face of irrelevant distractions depends on the level and type of information load involved in their current task. According to the theory, the extent to which unattended visual information is perceived depends on the perceptual load of the attended task, such that increasing the level of perceptual load in the task decreases processing of task-irrelevant stimuli. Effective prioritization of task-relevant stimuli in the face of competition from irrelevant distractors is proposed to depend on the availability of executive control functions. Thus, loading executive control results in increased processing of irrelevant stimuli. This chapter presents converging research from a wide range of approaches in support of these proposals, as well as highlighting some of load theory’s wider influences in areas as diverse as emotion processing, developmental psychology, and the understanding of psychological disorders.
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Curd, Patricia y Daniel W. Graham, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195146875.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy brings together leading international scholars to study the diverse figures, movements, and approaches that constitute Presocratic philosophy. In the sixth and fifth centuries bc a new kind of thinker appeared in Greek city-states, dedicated to finding the origins of the world and everything in it, using observation and reason rather than tradition and myth. We call these thinkers Presocratic philosophers, and recognize them as the first philosophers of the Western tradition, as well as the originators of scientific thinking. New textual discoveries and new approaches make a reconsideration of the Presocratics at the beginning of the twenty-first century especially timely. More than a survey of scholarship, this study presents new interpretations and evaluations of the Presocratics' accomplishments, from Thales to the sophists, from theology to science, and from pre-philosophical background to their influence on later thinkers. Many positions presented here challenge accepted wisdom and offer alternative accounts of Presocratic theories. This book includes chapters on the Milesians (Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes), Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Empedocles, the Pythagoreans, the atomists, and the sophists. Special studies are devoted to the sources of Presocratic philosophy, oriental influences, Hippocratic medicine, cosmology, explanation, epistemology, theology, and the reception of Presocratic thought in Aristotle and other ancient authors.
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Ngah, Nurul Haslinda, Azralmukmin Azmi, Mohd Nazri Ibrahim, Muriati Muda, Noraniah Abdul Aziz y Nur Hafizah Ghazali. PROBLEM SOLVING AND COMPUTER PROGRAMMING. 2024a ed. PENERBIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/bk2023.021.
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Problem Solving and Computer Programming is a definitive resource that takes readers on a journey through the world of problem solving and computer programming using C++ language. This book serves as a comprehensive guide for beginners and intermediate programmers, providing them with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in the field. With a practical and hands-on approach, the book starts by introducing fundamental problem-solving techniques and algorithmic thinking. Readers learn how to analyze problems, break them down into smaller subproblems and devise efficient solutions. Through clear explanations and real-world examples, the book demonstrates how algorithms drive the core of computer programming. The book dives into essential programming constructs, such as sequential structures, control structures, data types, functions, arrays, string and file input/output. What sets this book apart is its emphasis on practical problem solving. Each chapter presents programming challenges that encourage readers to think critically, analyze problems from different angles and devise creative solutions using C++. Additionally, the book provides detailed explanations of the solutions, helping readers understand the underlying principles and refining their programming skills. With a strong focus on algorithmic problem solving, this book prepares readers for real-world challenges. Whether readers aspire to compete in programming competitions, excel in academic studies, or pursue a career in software development, Problem Solving and Computer Programming equips them with the tools and strategies to tackle complex problems and build efficient, scalable solutions. In summary, Problem Solving and Computer Programming is an all-inclusive guide that combines the art of problem solving with the science of computer programming. With its comprehensive coverage, practical examples and hands-on exercises, it is an essential resource for anyone seeking to master algorithms and unleash their full potential in the world of computer programming.
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Winkler, Emily A. Royal Responsibility in Anglo-Norman Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812388.001.0001.
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It has long been established that the crisis of 1066 generated a florescence of historical writing in the first half of the twelfth century. This book presents a new perspective on previously unqueried matters: it investigates how historians’ individual motivations and assumptions produced changes in the kind of history written across the Conquest. It argues that responses to the Danish Conquest of 1016 and Norman Conquest of 1066 changed dramatically within two generations of the latter conquest. Repeated conquest could signal repeated failures and sin across the orders of society, yet early twelfth-century historians in England not only extract English kings and people from a history of failure, but also establish English kingship as a worthy office on a European scale. The book illuminates the consistent historical agendas of four historians: William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, John of Worcester, and Geffrei Gaimar. In their narratives of England’s eleventh-century history, these twelfth-century historians expanded their approach to historical explanation to include individual responsibility and accountability within a framework of providential history, making substantial departures from their sources. These historians share a view of royal responsibility independent both of their sources (primarily the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) and any political agenda that placed English and Norman allegiances in opposition. Although the accounts diverge widely in the interpretation of character, all four are concerned more with the effectiveness of England’s kings than with the legitimacy of their origins. Their new, shared view of royal responsibility represents a distinct phenomenon in England’s twelfth-century historiography.