Tesis sobre el tema "Divergence du self"

Many optical networks are limited in speed and processing capability due to the necessity for the optical signal to be converted to an electrical signal and back again. In addition, electronically manipulated interconnects in an otherwise optical network lead to overly complicated systems. Optical spatial solitons are optical beams that propagate without spatial divergence. They are capable of phase dependent interactions, and have therefore been extensively researched as suitable all optical interconnects for over 20 years. However, they require additional external components, initially high voltage power sources were required, several years later, high power background illumination had replaced the high voltage. However, these additional components have always remained as the greatest hurdle in realising the applications of the interactions of spatial optical solitons as all optical interconnects. Recently however, self-focusing was observed in an otherwise self-defocusing photorefractive crystal. This observation raises the possibility of the formation of soliton-like fields in unbiased self-defocusing media, without the need for an applied electrical field or background illumination. This thesis will present an examination of the possibility of the formation of soliton-like low divergence fields in unbiased self-defocusing photorefractive media. The optimal incident beam and photorefractive media parameters for the formation of these fields will be presented, together with an analytical and numerical study of the effect of these parameters. In addition, preliminary examination of the interactions of two of these fields will be presented. In order to complete an analytical examination of the field propagating through the photorefractive medium, the spatial profile of the beam after propagation through the medium was determined. For a low power solution, it was found that an incident Gaussian field maintains its Gaussian profile as it propagates. This allowed the beam at all times to be described by an individual complex beam parameter, while also allowing simple analytical solutions to the appropriate wave equation. An analytical model was developed to describe the effect of the photorefractive medium on the Gaussian beam. Using this model, expressions for the required intensity dependent change in both the real and imaginary components of the refractive index were found. Numerical investigation showed that under certain conditions, a low powered Gaussian field could propagate in self-defocusing photorefractive media with divergence of approximately 0.1 % per metre. An investigation into the parameters of a Ce:BaTiO3 crystal showed that the intensity dependent absorption is wavelength dependent, and can in fact transition to intensity dependent transparency. Thus, with careful wavelength selection, the required intensity dependent change in both the real and imaginary components of the refractive index for the formation of a low divergence Gaussian field are physically realisable. A theoretical model incorporating the dependence of the change in real and imaginary components of the refractive index on propagation distance was developed. Analytical and numerical results from this model are congruent with the results from the previous model, showing low divergence fields with divergence less than 0.003 % over the propagation length of the photorefractive medium. In addition, this approach also confirmed the previously mentioned self-focusing effect of the self-defocusing media, and provided an analogy to a negative index GRIN lens with an intensity dependent focal length. Experimental results supported the findings of the numerical analysis. Two low divergence fields were found to possess the ability to interact in a Ce:BaTiO3 crystal in a soliton-like fashion. The strength of these interactions was found to be dependent on the degree of divergence of the individual beams. This research found that low-divergence fields are possible in unbiased self-defocusing photorefractive media, and that soliton-like interactions between two of these fields are possible. However, in order for these types of fields to be used in future all optical interconnects, the manipulation of these interactions, together with the ability for these fields to guide a second beam at a different wavelength, must be investigated.

We have from our research, conducted in Guardamar del Segura, Spain, discovered that most of the communication between native Spaniards and immigrant Bulgarians is negative non-verbal communication which leads to a division between the two groups. The result of high unemployment and social stress, which the current situation in Spain provides, tend to create stronger ties inside the groups and at the same time enlarge the distance towards other groups. Also, the large amount of nonverbal communication such as observing each other’s behavior leads in this case to negative stereotyping and prejudices that creates and maintain the different group’s relations in the society.

Avec l’intérêt croissant envers les questions identitaires, la dissonance identitaire au travail devient un enjeu majeur. Il s’agit d’un inconfort psychologique sévère suite à une divergence consciemment éprouvée par l’individu entre ce qu’il pense être et ce qui le contraint dans son sentiment identitaire. Après une présentation des aspects historiques touchant à l’identité nous avons élaboré, dans le cadre de la Théorie de la Divergence du Self (Higgins, 1987), un instrument de mesure à travers une approche inductive, au vu du manque de littérature spécifique. La construction de l’IDS-Work a donné lieu à une structure, en deux dimensions indépendantes, pour un total de onze items. La latitude d’expression identitaire mesure le degré par lequel l’individu exprime sa personnalité et son identité au travail, et la pression normative mesure le degré de contraintes perçues au niveau identitaire. Nous avons ensuite procédé à l’analyse des effets de la dissonance identitaire sur les processus de santé au travail, puis à une étude qualitative où la dissonance est envisagée comme un levier d’évolution. Les résultats de ces différentes études ont permis : de souligner l’effet direct massif de la dissonance identitaire sur l’intention de quitter, le bien-être eudémonique et, très massivement, sur la dissonance émotionnelle ; de dégager des profils latents séparant les individus souhaitant changer de métier ou pas, les premiers ayant des scores faibles d’estime de soi et de focus promotionnel ; de souligner l’importance de phénomènes tels que l’héritage social ou le multi-jobbing. Les résultats sont discutés et les perspectives futures envisagées
Considering the increasing interest in identity issues, identity dissonance at work is becoming a major issue. It is a severe psychological discomfort as a result of a conscious discrepancy experienced by the individual between actual self and ought self, at the workplace. After a presentation of the historical aspects of identity and on the basis of Higgins’ Self-Discrepancy Theory, we developed an instrument of measurement through an inductive approach, given the lack of specific literature. The construction of the IDS-Work resulted in an independent two-dimensional structure for a total of eleven items. The latitude of expressive identity measures the degree by which the individual expresses his/her personality and identity at work, and normative pressure measures the degree of perceived constraints at an identity level. We then analyzed the effects of identity dissonance on occupational health processes, and realized a qualitative study, in which dissonance is seen as a lever for evolution. The results of such studies have allowed: to highlight the direct effect of identity dissonance on the intention to leave, the eudemonic well-being and, very massively, on emotional dissonance; to identify latent profiles separating individuals who wish to change occupation or not, the former with low scores of self-esteem and promotional focus; to underline the importance of phenomena such as social heritage or multi-jobbing. The results are discussed, and the future research envisaged

Je propose la première étude quantitative des corrections radiatives du modèle EPRL en gravité quantique à mousse de spins. Ce modèle est la proposition la plus élaborée de gravité quantique Lorentzienne 4D dite 'indépendante du fond' ('background independent'). C'est une réalisation, par intégrale de chemin, de la quantification de la Relativité Générale comme somme sur les géométries. L'étude se focalise sur les propriétés et les aspects géométriques de l'analogue du graphe de self-énergie du modèle, connu comme le graphe 'melonique'. Je montre que les contributions dominantes à un tel graphe divergent beaucoup moins que celles de modèles similaires en théorie topologique des champs. De plus, je dérive en détails la dépendance des amplitudes aux données de bords, et montre que ce graphe n'induit pas une renormalisation de la fonction d'onde. Ceci est dû à des raisons reliées aux fondements du modèle. Cependant, il se trouve que l'amplitude se réduit à une telle renormalisation dans la limite de nombres quantiques élevés. Ensuite, je montre les conséquences de ces calculs sur une observable physique : la fonction à deux points de la métrique quantique. Ainsi, je montre comment l'insertion du graphe de self-énergie dans l'intérieur de la mousse de spins utilisée a des effets non-triviaux sur la fonction à deux points, modifiant ses contributions à l'ordre dominant. De façon intéressante, ces effets ne disparaissent pas dans la limite des nombres quantiques élevés. Enfin, je discute les conséquences de ces calculs pour le modèle lui-même, et je souligne et commente les traits généraux qui semblent commun à tout modèle de mousse de spins basé sur le schéma présenté ici
I present the first quantitative study of radiative corrections within the EPRL model of quantum gravity. This model is the most advanced proposal of Lorentzian 4-dimensional background-independent quantum gravity. It is a realization of the path-integral quantization of general relativity as a sum over geometries. The present study focuses on the properties and geometrical features of the analogue of the self-energy graph within the model, often referred to as the "melon"-graph. Here, I show that the dominating contribution to such a graph is characterized by a degree of divergence much smaller than that of closely related topological quantum field theories. Moreover, I work out in detail the dependence of the amplitude from the boundary data, and find that the self-energy graph does not simply induce a wave function renormaliziation. This happens for reasons deeply related to the model foundations. However, it turns out that the amplitude reduces to a wave function renormalzation in the limit of large quantum numbers. Then, I show the consequences of this calculations on a concrete spinfoam observable: the quantum-metric two-point function. In doing this, I show how the insertion of the self-energy graph in the bulk of the (first-order) spinfoam used in the calculation, has non-trivial effects on the correlation function, modifying its leading order contributions. Most interestingly, this effects do not disappear in the limit of large quantum number. Finally, I discuss the consequences of these calculations for the model itself, and I point out and comment those general features which seem to be common to any spinfoam model based on the present model-building schemes

A criminalidade é um problema recorrente de grande relevância, o engajamento delituoso de jovens é um fenômeno preocupante e alarmante, de acentuado impacto na sociedade. A população, em geral, tende a acreditar que os jovens estão cada vez mais perigosos e envolvidos no agir antissocial. Faz-se necessário a realização de pesquisas que desvendem a problemática e busquem alternativas e possíveis soluções. No âmbito internacional, os questionários de delinquência autorrevelada são considerados o método mais seguro para indicar a prevalência e frequência de comportamentos delituosos entre os jovens. O objetivo do presente estudo foi, em termos gerais, conhecer o comportamento divergente e delituoso de adolescentes estudantes de instituições de ensino privadas, investigando a associação do fenômeno a variáveis potencialmente relacionadas e ampliar pesquisa anterior realizada junto a jovens de instituições de ensino públicas. Participaram do estudo 324 adolescentes, do sexo masculino, estudantes de três escolas particulares. Foi aplicado o Questionário sobre Comportamentos Juvenis, um instrumento de autorrelato que aborda questões relativas à família, escola, rotina, pares, local de residência e comportamentos divergentes e delituosos. Os resultados indicaram que 60,80% da amostra relatou já ter praticado algum comportamento delituoso e 68,88% algum comportamento divergente. O comportamento delituoso mais frequente foi a lesão corporal, seguido de dano. Quanto aos comportamentos divergentes 52,5% dos adolescentes declararam já ter consumido bebidas alcoólicas. Os adolescentes foram agrupados em 5 clusters de acordo com o nível de engajamento criminal, concluiu-se que 11,11% dos jovens são responsáveis por 81% dos delitos revelados praticados nos últimos 12 meses. Esses são aqueles de engajamento mais grave e que se diferenciaram dos outros agrupamentos pela idade de primeiro delito, pela diversidade e volume de delitos praticados.
Criminality is a relevant social problem. Juvenile delinquency is a worrying and alarming phenomenon with many impacts on society. The population, in general, Believes that young people are increasingly involved on antisocial behaviours. Studies about this, is necessary to looking for alternatives and possible solutions. In international level. Self-Reported delinquency are considered the best method to indicate the delinquency behaviors prevalence and frequency. The aim of the present study is to know the self-reported delinquency in private schools young boys; investigating the association of the phenomenon with potentially related variables and expanding previous research carried out with youngsters of public educational institutions. Thirty-four adolescents, male, private schoolss students from three participated in the study. The Self Reported Delinquency was applied; its a self-report questionnaire that investigating about family, school, routine, peers, place of residence and divergent and criminal behavior. The results indicated that 60.80% of the sample reported some delinquent behavior and 68.88% some problem behavior. The most frequent criminal behavior was hurt someone, followed by damage. Regarding divergent behaviors, 52.5% of adolescents reported having consumed alcoholic beverages. The adolescents were grouped into 5 clusters according to the level of criminal engagement, it was concluded that 11.11% of young people are responsible for 81% of de delinquency practiced in the last 12 months. These group (5) have more serious engagement and that differ from others, about age, diversity and frequency.

This study developed a Methodology for the systematic and strategic fostering of creativity in graphic design education at university level. The thesis identified four social-psychological factors that have an effect on graphic design students' creative ability, namely their level of intrinsic motivation for creative activities; their ability to maintain autonomous, self-regulative behaviour that is conducive to creativity; a healthy self-belief in their creative ability and the minimization of negative stress in the educational milieu where creative tasks are undertaken. Each of these factors imply a range of strategies that may be used to maintain and stimulate creativity in graphic design education, such as the use of certain types of feedback, evaluation procedures that supports creativity, the creation of a safe, democratic, non-controlling classroom climate or the deliberate use of music and humoristic activities in the educational milieu. Additionally, a range of cognitive strategies that may be used for idea generation in graphic design are proposed. They include divergent thinking techniques, such as 'Random Association'; 'Morphological Synthesis'; 'Metaphors and Analogies'; 'Mind-mapping'; 'Idea Checklist'; 'Visual Thinking' and 'Sense Connections'. Each technique is described in terms of its unique methodology, advantages, creative potential and its applicability to graphic design. The study also proposes a tactical approach to the creative process, suggesting various cognitive strategies that may be used for each phase of the creative process. These strategies ensure that the whole spectrum of cognitive activities required for the successful production of a creative product is executed. The sum of these cognitive and social-psychological strategies provided the basis for the development -of two theoretical constructs that may be implemented as part of an undergraduate graphic design curriculum to cultivate creativity in students. They are: (1) a Learning Program in Creativity studies that consists of a number of study units and aims to provide tuition in the theoretical foundation that students need to enhance their creative ability (2) a range of General Guidelines that aim to provide educators with a range of didactic strategies and practices to support and stimulate creative ability in graphic design students.
Thesis (Ph.D. (History of Arts))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Mean-field approaches successfully reproduce nuclear bulk properties like masses and radii within the Energy Density Functional (EDF) framework. However, complex correlations are missing in mean-field models and several observables related to single-particle and collective nuclear properties cannot be predicted accurately. The necessity to provide a precise description of the available data as well as reliable predictions in the exotic regions of the nuclear chart motivates the use of more sophisticated beyond-mean-field models. Correlations and higher-order corrections (beyond the leading mean-field order) are introduced. A crucial aspect in these calculations is the choice of the effective interaction to be used when one goes beyond the leading order (available effective interactions are commonly adjusted at the mean-field level). In the first part, we deal with the equation of state of nuclear matter evaluated up to the second order with the phenomenological Skyrme force. We analyze the ultraviolet divergence that is related to the zero range of the interaction and we introduce Skyrme-type regularized interactions that can be used at second order for matter. Cutoff regularization and dimen- sional regularization techniques are explored and applied. In the latter case, connections are naturally established between the EDF framework and some techniques employed in Effective Field Theories. In the second part, we check whether the regularized interactions introduced for nuclear matter can be employed also for finite nuclei. As an illustration, this analysis is performed within the particle- vibration model that represents an example of beyond mean-field models where an ultraviolet divergence appears if zero-range forces are used. These first applications suggest several directions to be explored to finally provide regularized interactions that are specially tailored for beyond- mean-field calculations for finite nuclei. Conclusions and perspectives are finally illustrated.

The question of why individuals value identities like race and gender is a contested one. Scholars in the Reflected Appraisals tradition argue that members of minority groups experience identity devaluation and minority stress (Hacker 1992; Harris 1993; Meyer 1995; Tatum 1997; Hoff-Sommers 2000; McIntyre 2002) and come to value their identities less in empirical terms than do members of equivalent majority groups (Harris 1993; Hacker 1995). The thesis here is that the values individuals place upon in-group identities are determined by the prestige and power of their in-groups (Cornell and Hartmann 2006: 60). This argument has been advanced often in both domestic and multi-national contexts (Spinner-Halev and Theiss-Morse 2003), but several rigorous empirical tests so far fail to support it (Charles 2003). My dissertation is a comprehensive test of the hypothesis that membership in a minority in-group predicts lowered valuation of in-group identity. I employ ordinal and List Experiment surveys to determine whether members of four minority groups value their identities less than members of the equivalent majority groups (racial, sexual, heterosexual, religious) in terms of (1) placing lower monetary values upon them and (2) being hypothetically more willing to change them. My hypothesis is that identity valuation will not be status dependent: minority status will not generally correlate to a significant degree with lowered identity valuation, as development of oppositional identities allows minorities to value themselves despite potential discrimination (Stern 1995; Simein 2005). This thesis was largely although not totally confirmed. With several exceptions during my List Experiment research, American racial minority status does not correlate with lowered valuation of racial identity, and female sex does not correlate with lowered valuation of gender identity. Religious minorities do not generally value their religious identities less than Protestant Christians, to a statistically significant degree. However, I did find consistent negative and usually significant correlations between LGBT status and lowered valuation of sexual orientation. List Experiment results also indicate that whites may be less honest about their levels of in-group identification than are minorities.

碩士
中原大學
會計研究所
99
This study investigates the impact of cash flow rights and cash-vote divergence on the self-assessed income before tax behavior. We find that the controlling shareholder’s to master larger cash flow rights with a positive impact on the self-assessed income before tax, and once the release of its disclosure and the quality of the smaller error resulting in a greater incentive to do an effective supervisor in line with the interests of shareholders. We further consider the impact of cash flow rights of the endogenous variables whose problem will lead to bias coefficient estimates of a two-stage regression as well as empirical results with this hypothesis also received strong support. However, compared to larger cash flow rights of firms, the option when there is cash-vote divergence on the self-assessed income before tax and notice the quality below the level of significance revealed that will be expressed that firms with cash-vote divergence on the self-assessed income before tax and notice the quality no influence.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Os objectivos deste trabalho consistiram, num primeiro momento, na validação estrutural da versão adaptada para adultos idosos do Inventário Clínico de Auto-Conceito (ICAC; Vaz Serra, 1986) e da versão portuguesa da Self-Liking and Self-Competence Scale – Revised version (SLCS-R; Tafarodi & Swann, 2001) e num segundo momento, na criação de um Modelo Preditor da Auto-Eficácia em adultos idosos, para testar a validade divergente da versão portuguesa da SLCS-R, a Escala de Auto-Aprovação e Auto-Competência - Revista (EAAAC-R; Pelouro, 2006). A amostra foi constituída por 240 sujeitos de ambos os géneros (leque etário: 65-90 anos; M = 72), que voluntariamente colaboraram no estudo, autónomos e funcionais, residentes na área da Grande Lisboa. Recorrendo à análise factorial confirmatória (LISREL 8.53), verificou-se que a Escala de Auto-Competência Diária (EACD; Vieira & Diniz, 2006), versão adaptada do ICAC, apresentou boa fiabilidade compósita e boa validade convergente em ambos os seus factores (auto-eficácia e aceitação/rejeição social); a EAAACR apresentou boa validade convergente nos seus dois factores (auto-competência e autoaprovação), assim como boa fiabilidade compósita mas não tinha boa validade discriminante. Os resultados encontrados no teste de validade externa da EAAAC-R sugerem que apenas um dos factores da auto-estima (auto-competência), no teste de validade divergente, se relacionou com a auto-eficácia.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this work consisted, firstly, in the structural validation of the adapted version for the old adults of the Inventário Clínico de Auto-Conceito (ICAC; Vaz Serra, 1986) and the portuguese version of the Self-Liking and Self-Competence Scale - Revised Version (SLCS-R; Tafarodi & Swann, 2001) and secondly, in the creation of a Preditor Model of Self-Esteem in old-adults, to test the divergent validity of the portuguese version of the SLCS-R, the Escala de Auto-Aprovação e Auto-Competência - Revista (EAAAC-R; Pelouro, 2006). The sample was constituted by 240 individuals of both genders (aged: 65-90 years, M = 72), which voluntarily cooperated in the study, independent and functional, living in the greater Lisbon area. Using the confirmatory factor analysis (LISREL 8.53), it was found that the Escala de Auto-Competência Diária (EACD; Vieira & Diniz, 2006), adapted version of the ICAC, showed good composite reliability and good convergent validity in both its factors (selfefficacy and social acceptance/rejection); the EAAAC-R had good convergent validity in the two factors (self-competence and self-linking), as well as good composite reliability but not so good discriminant validity. The results of extern validity of the EAAAC-R suggest that only one of the factors of self-esteem (self-competence), in the divergente validity test, captures the relation with self-efficacy

GeV electron bunches accelerated on a centimeter scale device exemplify the extraordinary advances of laser-plasma acceleration. The combination of high charges from optimized injection schemes and intrinsic femtosecond short bunch duration yields kiloampere peak currents. Further enhancing the current while reducing the energy spread will pave the way for future application, e.g. the driver for compact secondary radiation sources such as high-field THz, high-brightness x-ray or gamma-ray sources. One essential key for beam transport to a specific application is an electron bunch with high quality beam parameters such as low energy spread as well as small divergence and spot size. The inherent micrometer size at the plasma exit is typically sufficient for an efficient coupling into a conventional beamline. However, energy spread and beam divergence require optimization before the beam can be transported efficiently. Induced by the high peak current, the beam loading regime can be used in order to achieve optimized beam parameters for beam transport.
In this thesis, the impact of beam loading on the transverse electron dynamic is systematically studied by investigating betatron radiation and electron beam divergence. For this reason, the bubble regime with self-truncated ionization injection (STII) is applied to set up a nanocoulomb-class laser wakefield accelerator. The accelerator is driven by 150TW laser pulses from the DRACO high power laser system. A supersonic gas jet provides a 3mm long acceleration medium with electron densities from 3 × 10^18 cm^−3 to 5 × 10^18 cm^−3. The STII scheme together with the employed setup yields highly reproducible injections with bunch charges of up to 0.5 nC. The recorded betatron radius at the accelerator exit is about one micron and reveals that the beam size stays at the same value. The optimal beam loading, which is observed at around 250 pC to 300 pC, leads to the minimum energy spread of ~40MeV and a 20% smaller divergence. It is demonstrated that an incomplete betatron phase mixing due to the small energy spread can explain the experimentally observed minimum beam divergence.

碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
106
Terror Management Theory originated from the West which proposes that people manage their terror of death by defending their own cultural worldview. The present research employed two studies to examine how Chinese people manage the death-related anxiety of themselves and from their significant others. In Study 1, 119 participants were randomly assigned to a 3 (Manipulation: self mortality salience, mortality salience of significant other, or self toothache) x 2 (Comment of Chinese Culture: Praise or Criticism) factorial design. The dependent measure was how well an individual is defending the cultural values. The results indicated that participants who experienced the mortality salience of significant other had a significant tendency to defend the Chinese cultural values, and this tendency is higher than participants who experienced self mortality salience. In Study 2, we explored how Chinese people cope with the mortality salience by employing three types of behavior: enjoy life, maintaining important interpersonal relationships and doing good deeds. 60 Participants were randomly assigned to a 3 (Manipulation: self mortality salience, mortality salience of significant other, or self toothache) x 3 (behavior type: enjoy life, maintaining important interpersonal relationships or doing good deeds) mixed design. The experimental manipulation was a between-subjects variable, the behavioral type was a within-subjects variable, and the dependent variable was the participant’s degree of willingness to engage in different types behavior. As a result, it was found that participants who experienced the mortality salience of significant other were significantly less willing to do good deeds. These implications were also discussed.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The collection of pages spread before you now, this story-thesis, is a collection of stories about my journey from cult member to the place in life I am now, stories about those stories, and stories about the people who lived or read them, talked about them, and were changed by the tellings. Most importantly, the goal of this story-thesis is to illustrate how the process of story-making and -telling changes how we interpret our identities and our lifeworlds. I argue that the stories that we share change our identities, and I also argue that how we perceive our identity and the identities of others affects the stories that we share.

O projeto de investigação “Criatividade, filosofia e emaravilhamento” foi desenvolvido com um grupo de crianças do ensino pré-primário e duas turmas do 1º ciclo de escolaridade. A investigação decorreu em Comunidades de Investigação Filosófica, através da aplicação da metodologia de Filosofia Para Crianças, de Mathew Lipman. Sendo a matriz deste projeto holística, a dimensão cognitiva integrou a corporalidade e fê-la dialogar dialeticamente com os conceitos de sensibilidade estética (aisthésis) e razão prática (phronésis), através de uma poiésis orientada para o desenvolvimento cognitivo, ético e estético. O recurso às técnicas de criatividade de David Prado Diez, nomeadamente a Analogia Inusual, o Torvelinho de Ideias e o Relaxamento Criativo, permitiu estabelecer o diálogo entre a imaginação, a cinestesia, a criatividade e o discurso argumentativo. A cooperação, a intersubjetividade, a comunicação autêntica, a vivência imagética da beleza, da harmonia e da paz, visaram a formação de um ethos comum e de uma consciência em simbiosinergia com as comunidades bióticas e com o cosmos.
The research project "Creativity, philosophy and Amazement" was developed with a group of preschool children and two classes of the 1st cycle: from the 1st and the 2nd year, respectively. The research took place in communities of Philosophical Research, through the application of the methodology laid out in Philosophy for Children, by Matthew Lipman. The matrix of this project was holistic, and thus the cognitive dimension included corporeality aspects, in conjunction with the concepts of aesthetic sensitivity (aisthésis) and practical reason (phronésis) through a poiésis oriented towards a cognitive, ethical and aesthetic development. The use of the creative techniques of David Prado Diez, notably the Unusual Analogy, the Whirlwind of Ideas and Creative Relaxation, allowed for a dialogue between imagination, kinesthesia, creativity and argumentative discourse. Cooperation, intersubjectivity, authentic communication, the visual experience of beauty, harmony and peace, aimed at the formation of a common ethos and a conscience in symbiosynergy with the biotic communities and with the cosmos.

Prospective memory (PM) refers to a person’s ability to remember to do something in the future. It is a complex behaviour that is essential for the daily functioning of young and old alike. Despite its importance in everyday life, few studies have sought to examine the role of personality on PM performance using a multi-trait multi-method approach in young adults. The current study aimed to investigate the differential roles of the Big 5 personality traits on event- and time-based PM performance using multiple measurement methods. In addition, the study aimed to add to the current PM and personality literature by addressing several of the identified methodological limitations of the literature as outlined by Uttl and colleagues (2013). Results demonstrated few strong relationships between PM subtypes (event and time-based) performance indicators, though performance on the lab-based event-based PM task was stronger than on the lab-based time-based PM task even after controlling for ongoing task performance. Participants were also found to perform better on lab-based rather than naturalistic PM tasks. Naturalistic and self-report PM measures were significantly related to each other, but not to lab-based PM. Regarding personality, the relationship between specific personality traits and PM performance differed depending on the PM subtype and/or measurement method being investigated with conscientiousness, memory aid strategy use, and substance use engagement being found to best predict self-reported PM errors in daily life. The current study demonstrated that each PM measurement method taps into different aspects of behavioural and cognitive functioning. Without the use of all three measurement methods, whilst also considering the individuality of the client, researchers and clinicians may be doing a disservice to individuals with true PM difficulties as they may overlook important factors contributing to their poorer performance.
Graduate