Tesis sobre el tema "Distributions (droit privé)"
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Jost, Bertrand. "Les distributions en droit privé". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ASSA0025.
Texto completoIt is usual that some people divide a good or a loss amongst them. For example, common property must be shared. Obligations are divided between creditors and debtors according to the Civil Code (article 1309). Partners divide up the profits and losses generated by their partnership. Creditors must split the profit earned by the seizure of their debtor goods, whether he is bankrupt or not. Of these various operations, a theory can be proposed. The concept of distribution can be erected and paired with rules common to all the operations matching with the concept. The distributive logic and distributive issues, long forgotten in private law, are thus uncovered
Meur, Héloïse. "Les accords de distribution en droit international privé". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D085.
Texto completoIn private international law, the treatment of distribution contracts is both scattered and inconsistent. The distinction between contractual and non-contractual matters has led to assess separately the contractual and the economic aspects (related to competition law lato sensu) of this kind of agreements, although these aspects are inseparable. ln addition to this distinction, further difficulties specific to each of these aspects arise. From a contractual standpoint, the distinction between the framework agreement and its implementation contracts lead to a scattered treatment of distribution agreements. From an economic standpoint, some difficulties arise concerning the identification of the relevant method and the applicable rule of conflict as well as their implementation. Therefore, the regime applicable to distribution agreements is scattered and inconsistent. Such difficulties and inconsistencies can only be remedied thanks to clarified definitions of the notions of contractual matter and distribution agreements in European private international law. These clarified notions will then be the starting point to suggest rethought rules of conflict, compliant with the essence and specificities of distribution agreements, distinct from the classic « exchange-type » contracts. A suitable connecting criterion will then need to be associated to this redefined category. Given the omnipresence of international mandatory rules, such criterion will need to be objective and replace the principle of party autonomy which turns out to be mostly ineffective regarding distribution agreements
Grandmaire, Justine. "Les opérateurs économiques face à la réglementation de la revente à perte". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN20012.
Texto completoThe resale at a loss is a restrictive practice of competition law prohibited by the article L. 442-2 of the French Commercial Code. In theory, sellers cannot resell their products lower than the break-even threshold. This prohibition was set up in the aim of fighting against low price practices that the large retailers could use and that would particularly affect the situation of small retailers and should allow the development of healthy and balanced commercial relations between the various forms of trade, but also between trade and industry. However, the implementation of this regulation, that the traders sometimes manage to circumvent, generates unwanted effects. Prices largely increased because of the practices implemented by the traders and the relationship between trade and industry is far from being balanced. Moreover, the power of the large distribution groups didn’t cease to increase, undermining traditional trade. In the aim of fighting against the rise of the prices level and considering that the regulations of the resale at a loss didn’t reach its goals in spite of numerous legislative modifications; it is legitimate to inquire if this system must not be reviewed and if the restrictions imposed to traders on the prices must not altogether be cancelled
Hichri, Gaël. "La distribution pharmaceutique : Essai sur l'organisation d'un secteur économique réglementé en droit privé". Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10049.
Texto completoThe distribution of pharmaceutical products is a highly regulated economic sector. Seen from a private law standpoint, it is considered a matter of economic public order, and its regulation covers, by definition, contractual relationships between distributors in so far as such contracts are the legal supports of a regulated trade. This said, the regulations do allow distributors a certain freedom to organise their commercial interests. These regulations have a single purpose: to organise pharmaceutical distribution so as to best protect the public health within a controlled financial context. In view of this, the regulating organisation of pharmaceutical distribution is based as much on a multitude of specific transactions corresponding to general obligations towards the public health, as it is upon a tightly controlled pricing framework. This organisation of distribution transactions therefore touches indirectly upon distribution contracts. So long as distributors practice their trade within the framework of these regulations, they are otherwise free to organise with their commercial interests in mind. The organization of pharmaceutical distribution can therefore be determined in an isolated manner, on the initiative of a single operator, either so as to discipline retail dealers, or so as to open up new outlets for expansion. The organization of distribution can also be managed collectively, from within pharmacy networks designed to strengthen commercial relationships between distributors. Pharmaceutical distributors have thus borrowed techniques proven effective by large-scale distribution, specialized distribution and electronic distribution. However, these modes of organization cannot be put to use as is, and must be adapted to the particularities of the pharmaceutical sector. Although the adoption of these techniques is still controversial, their study is noneless essential, since they are inevitably precursors to the future development of pharmaceutical distribution
Rohrbach, Catherine. "Le contrat de distribution sélective en droit francais et en droit communautaire". Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131018.
Texto completoThe selective distribution contract can be defined as that by which the manufacturer entrusts, in a predetermined territorial zone, the distribution of its products to qualitatively and quantitatively selected retailers, and by which each approved distributor is authorized to sell competing proudcts of equivalent notoriety. In this way, privileged, even exclusive links are created between the manufacturer and his distributors. However, by creating such links, the selective distribution contract modifies the relations that each of them should have with his competitors and thus causes unfair competition. Moreover, it limits, in the economic sectors where it is used (in particular perfumes, clocks and watches, cars, household appliances) the number of competitors. In french law, the negative effect on competition of selective distribution systems can be countered either by prohibiting the refusal to sell or cartels. In eec law, on the other hand, only one type of intervention is possible. It consists in controlling selective distribution with rules covering cartels in article 85 of the treaty of rome. However, examinsation of solutions chosen by the eec authorities reveals a considerable divergence with those of french law. Selective distribution is neither absolutely justifiable nor absolutely condemnable. When it corresponds to the requirements of a good distriution of products, for technical or commercial reasons, its validity can not be put into question even if it leads to a limitation of the number of distributors and creates certain distorsions in competition. However, when selective distribution is merely an artifice to retain high profit margins to the advantage of certain distributors, it must be condemned outright
Gallier-Zaimi, Alexandra. "Les contrats de distribution des produits : essai sur une typologie". Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090029.
Texto completoEid, Katia. "Le cadre juridique du Règlement des différends dans les contrats internationaux de distribution : étude comparée du droit français et du droit libanais". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32055.
Texto completoThe distribution became the main pivot of globalization. Goods, signs, branded goods circulate beyond the borders to satisfy the needs that become essential for the consumers. The contract of distribution has a dominating role in such a way today that it becomes impossible to avoid it to manage in order to join the international market and to satisfy its needs. It is a means to manage to affect other international markets. In this goal, a professional contractual relation exists between the supplier and the distributor in order to make sure the success of the distribution network. This success is not shielded from any abuse, whether it is an abuse of power, or an abuse of dominant position, or an agreement which make necessary a certain protection. The ambition of our study is to expose the various sorts of protection which exist in Lebanese and French laws. We demonstrate, on the one hand, that the international contracts of distribution have to conform to the requirements of international law and order and of the laws of police. On the other hand, it demonstrates the leading part settled both to the state judges and to the arbitrators in order to try to reconcile the interests
Seysen-Guérin, Dorothée. "Le contrat de distribution international". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11A001.
Texto completoKhadri, Karim. "La protection du distributeur intégré en matière internationale". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0033.
Texto completoNowadays, the distribution of products overseas knows a distinguished development as an outcome of the globalization of economy. The firms that wish to commercialize their products outside their boundaries recourse to contractual techniques, already used in the internal sphere. These contractual techniques serve to line up in the category of contracts named as integrated distribution. This type of these contracts has an essential characteristic. That is, to give birth to a structural relation of domination between suppliers and their distributors. The position of this later in the egard of his contractual partner is all the more uncomfortable since the economic survival of his company is dependant on the contractual link, weaved with his partner. Globally speaking, the risk of contracts of integrated distribution are stressed, because in addition to the troubles previously evoked, comes other disagreements for the distributor : for example, the submission to foreign legal order or still the constraint to plead in front of foreign jurisdiction. It is important to wonder if the private international law allows to satisfy the need of protection of the integrated distributors who takes the situation mentioned before. A purely positivist analysis permit to show that such a need is in fact, widely ignored. Well, this state should be criticized in the measure where a real proximity seems to exist between the integrated distributors and the contracting parties whom the law in application considers on the other hand deserving of international protection. Finaly, this work comes to show the legal modalities, which would take care effectively of the protection of the integrated distributors all over the world
Babahacene, Sarah Fadila. "L'après contrat de distribution". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10039.
Texto completoThe distribution contract, legal framework, governed at the time of its formation by a legal and jurisprudential construction at the preliminary contract, and during its execution by the Civil Code, the Commercial Code and the rules of competition law. The question arises, however, what governs beyond its end. This particular period is named : the post-contract distribution. Whatever the reason for termination, when the distribution contract is over, it is necessary to consider the nature of the rules governing post-contractual relationship between contractors. Today, the general law of contracts is insufficient about the liquidation of the contractual past between distributor and supplier. Another right emerge, influenced in part, by the economy and the internationalization of the distribution contract involving the inspiration of foreign laws; Community and international law, but also, many reform projects of obligations laws. All these reflexions will establish a more practical approach to the legal regime applies to this complex period of the post-contract distribution
Amaro, Rafael. "Le contentieux privé des pratiques anticoncurrentielles : Étude des contentieux privés autonome et complémentaire devant les juridictions judiciaires". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D014.
Texto completoPas de résumé en anglais
Ribeiro, Oertel Roberta. "Le contrat international de distribution en droits français et brésilien". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA009/document.
Texto completoDistribution and franchising agreements are generally innominate commercial contracts under French and Brazilian law, with the exception of exclusive distribution agreements on land motor vehicles and the franchising under Brazilian law. The internationality of the dispute highlights specific difficulties relating to the determining the competent court and the applicable law. There is disagreement between French courts as to the nature of the liability by the person held responsible for the abusive breach of contract. These difficulties arise in cases where EU law-based rules of international jurisdiction are applicable to the dispute, contrary to the disputes which are subject to arbitration. In Brazilian law, the study exposes a problem concerning the place of the principle of party autonomy. The parties may not choose the law applicable to the contract if the dispute is submitted to a Brazilian judge. On the contrary, in case the contract is subject to arbitration, the parties may determine the applicable law
Oprea, Elena-Alina. "Droit de l'Union européenne et lois de police". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020028.
Texto completoThe interaction between the European Union law and the private international law is particularly acute in the field of internationally mandatory rules, maintaining and renewing the debate which always accompanied this kind of norms. If the internationally mandatory rules occupy a special place in the European legislation, being an extremely effective tool of European policy, some difficulties arise as to the articulation, in the Member States’ legal systems, of the both national and European different sources of lois de police. The transfer of powers from Member States to the European Union, the harmonization of national legislations and the greater weight given to European reasoning and interests at the time of qualification highlight a new dimension of the internationally mandatory rules concept. Also the implementation of internationally mandatory rules is highly influenced by the European Union Law. The Member States’ obligations concerning the completing of the internal market and the removal of restrictions to changes involve a significant disturbance to this traditional PIL mechanism; a decrease in the effectiveness of internationally mandatory rules in relations between Member States may be observed. The purpose of establishing an area of freedom, security and justice within the European Union was materialized in the establishment of European private international law rules in various fields; the internationally mandatory rules method is transformed as a result of the European legislator direct intervention on his definition and regime, but also as a result of the evolution that affects other concurring private international law methods
Zoumenou, Anna. "L’action économique des collectivités territoriales pour la transition énergétique". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020061/document.
Texto completoThe conference of the member states of the United nations framework convention about climate change (COP 21) which took place in Paris, december 2015, increased the state’s interest either for the protection of the environment and the ecological transition. From more than a decade, many laws had have the goal to place local authorities into the hearth of this system. Today, the realization of the energy transition is based on a partnership between public authorities, garantor of the public service and private companies mastering engineering and energy techniques. This policy takes place in the story of a new public management, which profoundly changes the way public services are managed
Soro, Russell Olivier. "El contrato normativo : análisis de una categoría". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40017.
Texto completoHow far are now individuals free to create the most appropriate contractual tool to achieve the satisfaction of their needs and interests? What they have in common figures as diverse as a joint-venture agreement, a franchise agreement or a marriage contract? Is the old general theory of contract adapted to the contractual practice of the XXI century? A deep study of the normative contract in this book provides answers to these and to many other momentous matters of Private Law of Contract. Reconstructed from the detailed analysis of the theory and legal practice, the notion of normative contract as an agreement of cooperative nature could constitute the bridge to a new and inspiring way of conceiving the contract. Not surprisingly, as shown by its main practical manifestations, the contract is often more than just an instrument to organize an exchange of goods and services, a powerful regulatory tool of reality and human behavior. To put it briefly, if on the one hand in this essay the author seeks find a remedy for a situation of great uncertainty regarding the so-called normative contract, in the other hand he also invites the legal community to reflect calmly on the role played by contract in present society.Keywords: Normative contract, Normenvertrag, Alfred HUECK, genesis, concept, pactum de modo contrahendo, contrat-cadre, framework agreements, distribution, collective agreement, financial transactions, joint venture, marriage contract, codes of conduct, Spanish private law, French private law, contractual clause, cooperative agreement, intuitus personae, no-obligational and obligational content of the contract, union of contracts, regulatory function of contract, general contract theory, theory of legal regulation, Hans KELSEN , freedom of contract
Denault, Philippe. "La recherche d'unité dans l'interprétation du droit privé fédéral : cadre juridique et fragments du discours judiciaire". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2545.
Texto completoThis study is devoted to federal private law and the interaction between federal legislation and provincial private law. In particular, it is devoted to the role of the courts in such interaction. Hs objective is to assess how judges proceed with the unification of federal private law by avoiding formal reference to provincial law to supplement federal legislation. Firstly, the study considers the legal framework governing the interpretation of federal private law, as well as the exercise of judicial power in this context. Secondly, the study reviews means employed by judges, through a series of judgments, to proceed with the unification of federal private law. The study concludes that unification can effectively be achieved through such means. However, these judicial interventions are limited to sorne aspects of the elaboration and application ofprivate norms. In more complex cases, the effect of these interventions may be to disregard normative gaps that make necessary to supplement federal legislation with sources of provincial law, or to deny the plurality of these sources in the federal context.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 5% des mémoires de la discipline. Commentaires du jury : "Remarquable par le choix du sujet et son traitement tant pour la forme que le fond. Mérite publication".