Tesis sobre el tema "Dissertation historique"

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although most journalists and media managers will deny that they are at all biased, few of the communication messages that are daily spread by the mass communication media, are neutral. Media people transfer their own political orientation, also that of the organisation that they work for, to their reports by means of their decisions of what news they will present and how they will present it. From the recent past it has become clear that there is a link between the government of the day and how the news is presented, as perceptions that have been created of certain events, have changed over time. Journalists have certain political convictions, but even if they try to be objective in spite of these, they are often insensitive to the fact that they are used by propagandists, who themselves have a thorough knowledge of the media. Sometimes journalists are knowingly and willingly involved in such attempts, and sometimes against their will. More often they are completely ignorant of the fact that they form part of a propaganda attempt, because they do not realise that they are being manipulated. In order to distinguish between "real" news and propaganda in the form of news, it is essential to have insight into the nature and origin of propaganda, but especially into the techniques that are commonly used. Initially, the word "propaganda" had a positive meaning, but during the First World War the word increasingly obtained a negative connotation. A century later, the word itself had become almost obsolete, except in reference to the information attempts of the opposition. "Own" campaigns are referred to in eufemistic terms such as "news management" and "public diplomacy". However, phenomena of propaganda did not disappear. In fact, with the progress in technology since the end of the nineteenth century, the number of communication channels available for the transfer of messages have multiplied. This created new means of spreading propaganda, especially since the invention of the transistor and later of television. With the changes in and improvements of mass communication media, the nature and extent of propaganda techniques also changed significantly. The techniques became more sophisticated and new methods of manipulation are continuously thought up, so much so that there are currently almost no limit to the ways in which propaganda messages are conveyed. When the uses of these techniques, as they are commonly found in media reports, are studied, it is possible to identify six broad catagories of propaganda. The first category is that where the nature of the contents is obvious, in other words, where no further information is required about an issue or a person in order to recognise the technique as propaganda. The second category represents pieces of propaganda where further information is required in order to recognise the use of the technique, like when somebody tells a lie. Thirdly, there are techniques that can only be recognised after a variety of propaganda pieces have been studied and the relation between the contents have been studied, such as when politicians play for time. The fourth technique is repetition. The fifth category of techniques is based on the nature of the arguments used by the propagandist, whether these are rational or non-rational. The last category is based on the intention of the propagandist, for example whether he wants to create fear or drive a wedge between groups. Knowledge of these different techniques provide a basis according to which journalists and media managers will be able to judge news events in order to determine the propagandistic intention thereof.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoewel die meeste joernaliste en mediabestuurders salontken dat hulle enigsins bevooroordeeld is, is min van die kommunikasïeboodskappe wat daagliks deur die massamedia uitgedra word, neutraal. Medialui druk die stempel van hul eie politieke ingesteldheid, maar ook dié van die organisasie waarvoor hulle werk, op hul berigte af deur hul besluite oor watter nuus hulle gaan aanbied en hoe hulle dit gaan aanbied. Uit die onlangse verlede is dit duidelik dat daar 'n verband is tussen die regering van die dag en hoe die nuus aangebied word, aangesien persepsies wat oor gebeure geskep is, met verloop van tyd verander het. Joernaliste het sekere politieke oortuigings, maar al probeer hulle ten spyte daarvan objektief wees, is hulle dikwels onsensitief daarvoor dat hulle deur propagandiste, wat self 'n grondige kennis van die werking van die media het, gebruik word. Soms word joernaliste met hulle medewete en goedkeuring by sulke pogings betrek, en soms teen hulle sin. Meer dikwels vorm hulle egter onbewustelik deel van 'n belangegroep se propagandapoging, omdat hulle nie besef dat hulle gemanipuleer word nie. Om in staat te wees om "regte" nuus te onderskei van propaganda in die vorm van nuus, is dit noodsaaklik om insig te hê in die aard en oorsprong van propaganda, maar veral in die tegnieke wat algemeen gebruik word. Die woord "propaganda" het aanvanklik 'n positiewe betekenis gehad, maar tydens die Eerste Wêreldoorlog het dit toenemend 'n negatiewe konnotasie gekry. In Eeu later het die woord self grootliks in onbruik verval, behalwe waar daar na die opposisie se inligtingspogings verwys is. "Eie" veldtogte word in eufemistiese terme na verwys as "nuusbestuur" en "openbare diplomasie". Ten spyte hiervan het die verskynsel van propaganda nie verdwyn nie. In teendeel, met die vooruitgang in tegnologie sedert die einde van die negentiende eeu, het die kommunikasiekanale wat vir die oordrag van die boodskap beskikbaar was, veelvuldig toegeneem. Dit het nuwe moontlikhede van propagandavoering daargestel, veral sedert die uitvinding van die transistor en later ook televisie. Met die verandering en verbetering van massakommunikasiemedia het die aard en omvang van propagandategnieke ook merkbaar verander. Die tegnieke het meer gesofistikeerd geraak en nuwe metodes van manipulasie word voortdurend bedink, sodat daar vandag feitlik geen perke is aan die maniere waarop propaganda- boodskappe uitgedra word nie. Wanneer die gebruik van dié tegnieke, soos dit algemeen in mediaberigte voorkom, bestudeer word, is dit moontlik om ses breë kategorieë van propaganda te identifiseer. Die eerste kategorie is dié waar die aard van die inhoud vanself spreek, met ander woorde, waar geen verdere inligting oor 'n saak of persoon nodig is om 'n tegniek as propaganda te eien nie. Die tweede kategorie verteenwoordig propagandastukke waar bykomende inligting nodig is om die tegniek uit te ken, soos wanneer 'n leuen vertel word. Derdens is daar tegnieke wat slegs herken kan word nadat verskeie propagandastukke bestudeer is en die inhoud daarvan met mekaar in verband gebring is, soos wanneer politici vir tyd speel. Vierdens word daar van herhaling gebruik gemaak. Die vyfde kategorie van tegnieke is gegrond is op die aard van die argumente wat die propagandis gebruik, of dit byvoorbeeld rasioneel of nie-rasioneel is. Die laaste kategorie sluit tegnieke in wat gegrond is op die bedoeling van die propagandis, of hy byvoorbeeld vrees wil inboesem of groepe teen mekaar wilopmaak. Kennis van hierdie verskillende tegnieke bied 'n grondslag waarvolgens joernaliste en mediabestuurders nuusgebeure kan beoordeel ten einde die propaganda-bedoeling daarvan te bepaal.

Thesis(M.Mus.) -- Stellenbosch University, 1987.
VOORWOORD Die twintigste eeu beleef 'n besondere belangstelling in die outentieke uitvoering van ou musiek en dit is 'n studieveld wat reeds uitgebreid nagevors is. Desondanks bestaan daar steeds baie vraagstukke aangaande sekere uitvoeringspraktyke en styltipes en hoe ouer die musiek, hoe meer problematies word 'n outentieke uitvoering, veral as gevolg van die groot verskille tussen die moderne en ou instrumente, die speeltegnieke en die dikwels ontoereikende notasie. Die teoriee wat die twintigste eeuse musici aangaande die uitvoeringspraktyke geformuleer het, is hoofsaaklik gebaseer op ou geskrifte, verhandelinge en onderrigboeke uit die onderskeie styltydperke. Daar bestaan baie teenstrydighede tussen hierdie teoriee, veral met betrekking tot die musiek van die Barokperiode. Die uitvoering van musiek van die Klassieke en veral die Romantiese periodes is minder problematies en die redes hiervoor is hoofsaaklik die volgende: Die notasiesisteem het reeds tydens die Hoog-Klassieke tydperk tot sy huidige vorm ontwikkel. Verder het musiekkritiek en -geskiedskrywing segert die agtiende eeu toenemend meer aandag geniet en bestaan daar dus meer inligting aangaande uitvoeringspraktyke. Ten spyte daarvan dat hierdie na vorsing reeds dekades gelede begin het, is daar steeds groot onkunde daaromtrent en word daar dikwels min aandag gegee aan die outentieke uitvoering van ou musiek. Hierdie studie is 'n paging om die navorsing wat reeds gedoen is krities te ondersoek en 'n moontlike samevatting daarvan te gee.
Digitized at 300 dpi B/W PDF format (OCR), using ,KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner. Digitised, Rebecca Patterson on 28 August 2013. Digitization of Music Thesis Project

La distinction entre des restes humains et animaux ou entre différentes espèces fauniques représente l’une des étapes fondamentales de l’identification de restes osseux retrouvés en contexte archéologique ou forensique. Cependant, l’état de fragmentation des vestiges osseux rend souvent difficile voire impossible leur identification sur la seule base de l’anatomie ostéologique. L’utilisation de nouveaux critères d’identification et d’une méthode d’analyse plus précise est alors nécessaire. Dans cette perspective, l’analyse de la microstructure osseuse et en particulier du réseau canalaire cortical (RCC) apparaît discriminante car ce réseau présente des différences de structure en fonction des espèces. Cette thèse a pour objectif la définition de paramètres du RCC permettant de déterminer l’origine humaine ou animale de fragments osseux ainsi que l’identification de leur espèce animale d’appartenance. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons effectué l’analyse qualitative et quantitative en 3D d’acquisitions µCT de diaphyses d’os longs (fémurs et humérus) appartenant à 3 espèces (H. sapiens, S. scrofa et B. taurus). Le test d’identification d’espèce, effectué grâce à la méthode statistique de forêts aléatoires, permet d’obtenir un taux d’identification totale de 88.82%. Les individus humains sont correctement identifiés à 100% contre 86.2% pour S. scrofa et 79.51% pour B. taurus. La longueur moyenne des canaux et la connectivité apparaissent comme les variables les plus discriminantes. L’observation et la quantification du RCC en 3D se révèle une méthode d’analyse non-invasive prometteuse pour la distinction d’espèce, appropriée en cas de spécimens rares ou fragiles. Elle s’applique dans divers domaines scientifiques, en cas de forte fragmentation osseuse. Afin de confirmer et d’améliorer ces premiers résultats, il est toutefois nécessaire de développer cette méthode sur d’autres éléments osseux et d’élargir le spectre des espèces animales testées
The distinction between human and animal remains or between different animal species represents one of the most fundamental steps in the identification of bone remains discovered in archaeological and forensic contexts. Unfortunately, the frequent bone fragmentation makes this identification difficult or even impossible only based on anatomical osteology. The use of new identification criteria and a more accurate method of analysis are then necessary. In this perspective, the analysis of bone microstructural features, in particular, the canal cortical network (CCN) appears discriminating as its organization varies among species. This Ph.D. dissertation aims to define CCN microstructural parameters allowing the determination of the human or non-human origin of bone fragments and then the identification of the animal species concerned. In this research, we performed 3D qualitative and quantitative analysis of µCT images from long bones (Femur and humerus) of 3 species (H. sapiens, S. scrofa and B. taurus). The identification test, based on the random forests statistical method, results in a total correct identification rate of 88.82%. 100% of the human's samples were properly identified as well as 86.6% of S. scrofa and 79.51% of B. taurus samples. Canal’s mean length and connectivity appear to be the most discriminating parameters. The 3D observation and quantification of CCN proved to be a non-invasive and promising method for species identification, appropriate for the study of rare or fragile specimens. It can be useful in various science fields in case of important fragmentation. In order to confirm and improved theses first results, it is, however, necessary to enhance this identification method by testing other bones and animal species

Thesis (MMus (Music))--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The essential embodiment of the Catholic and Orthodox religious and liturgical traditions is the celebration of the Mass. The Kyrie eleison is the opening part of this Mass celebration. The Kyrie eleison is also an element within the Catholic and Orthodox Office. In the respective Protestant and reformed traditions, the Kyrie eleison figures to a lesser extent, as is the case in the Lutheran tradition, or not at all, as is especially the case in the Afrikaans-speaking reformed denominations in South Africa. At most, the exposure to the Kyrie eleison, by any member of a church of Afrikaans-speaking and reformed persuasion, is confined to the concert hall, in which context the Kyrie presents itself in an alien guise, having been uprooted from its liturgical context which is a co-determinant in the transfer of the meaning of the text of the Kyrie to the listener. This study is an essay to convey the importance of the context of the Kyrie with regard to a successful process of communication between the performance of the Kyrie and the decoding of its message by the listener. It is an attempt to focus, via narrowing concentric circles, on the genesis of the Kyrie, from its antecedents in the Jewish religious tradition, via its manifestations in early Christan cult and chant, to its codification during the pontificate of Gregory the Great. In conclusion, the suggestion is mooted that there is an obligation devolving on the performers of the Kyrie eleison within a non-liturgical context to communicate the meaning of the Kyrie, even in its alien guise, to the audience as receivers of the text, thereby achieving a successful transaction in the process of communication.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sentrale beliggaming van die Katolieke en Ortodokse liturgies-religieuse tradisies is die viering van die Mis. Die Kyrie eleison is die openingsdeel van hierdie Misviering. Die Kyrie eleison is verder ook ‘n element in die Katolieke en Ortodokse Officium. In die verskillende Protestantse liturgiese tradisies figureer die Kyrie eleison in ‘n mindere mate, soos in die Lutherse tradisie, of glad nie, soos wat spesifiek die geval in die Afrikaanssprekende gereformeerde tradisie is. ‘n Afrikaanssprekende lidmaat van gereformeerde oortuiging se belewing van die Kyrie is, indien hoegenaamd, meestal beperk tot die aanhoor daarvan in ‘n konsertsituasie, waarbinne die Kyrie homself in ‘n ontheemde gedaante aan die luisteraar voordoen omdat dit ontwortel is uit sy liturgiese konteks wat medebepalend vir die betekenisoordrag van die teks van die Kyrie is. Hierdie studie is ‘n poging om die belang van die konteks van die Kyrie met betrekking tot ‘n suksesvolle kommunikasietransaksie tussen die uitvoer van die Kyrie en die dekodering van die boodskap daarvan deur die Afrikaanssprekende gereformeerde luisteraar, na vore te bring. Die ondersoek is hoofsaaklik daarmee gemoeid om die liturgiese ontstaans- en vroeë bestaansgeskiedenis van die Kyrie deur middel van ‘n konsentries nouer-wordende fokus in oënskou te neem, vanaf sy antesedente in die Joodse kultus, via sy presedente in die vroeg-Christelike kultus en cantus, tot die kodifisering daarvan tydens die pontifikaat van Gregorius die Grote. Ten slotte word aangevoer dat daar selfs in ‘n konsertsituasie ‘n onus op die uitvoerendes rus om die Kyrie, ook in sy ontheemde gestalte binne ‘n nie-liturgiese konteks, vir die luisteraar tot spreke te bring.

Thesis (MMus)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nowadays Music Community Projects are a common phenomenon in South Africa. These projects start with great ambition to uplift underprivileged communities through music education, but due to various reasons many of these projects unfortunately do not last very long. The Frank Pietersen Music Centre (FPMC) in Paarl, which recently celebrated its fortieth year, suffered many drawbacks during its existence, but also showed unbelievable progress during the same time. At the moment the FPMC is a noticeable institution and the only one of its nature in the Drakenstein district. The centre was established in the Paarl Coloured community during the early years of Apartheid as a result of a shortage of music facilities for this population group. As music was one of the few activities in which this population group could express themselves during this time, various music activities resulted and the need for formal music education for the Paarl Coloured community became more prominent. Mr Frank Pietersen took notice of this need and in 1970 he established the Paarl Schools Music Centre (PSMC). This music centre showed immense progress, but as a result of various reasons it started declining during the late eighties and finally in 1988 it experienced a period of recess. After Mr Pietersen's death in 1989, his son, Mr Vaughan Pietersen, decided to let the PSMC relive. In October 1991 the PSMC celebrated its 21st year and at this occasion it was renamed after its founder and was known thereafter as the Frank Pietersen Music Centre. Since, the centre has reached many milestones and its existence was ensured when it was taken over by the Western Cape Education Department in 1994. At the moment the FPMC provides music education to children and adults, in and outside the borders of the Drakenstein area. Education is provided in nearly all the instruments of the Classical Symphony Orchestra, as well as African instruments and Jazz instruments. It has various instrumental ensembles and choirs and the FPMC is especially well known for its Youth Orchestra. The centre also provides for the needs of the surrounding underprivileged communities by means of outreach programmes that are presented at reasonable fees. The latest addition to the centre's education is the presentation of the full Subject Music programme for scholars and it forms part of the Western Cape Education Department's programme for Further Education and Training. This thesis attempts to research and document the unique history of the FPMC, as well as studying the current functioning of the centre in order to serve as a guide and motivation for other music centres or -projects of a similar nature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Musiekgemeenskapsprojekte is deesdae ʼn algemene verskynsel in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie projekte begin gewoonlik met groot ambisie met die doel om minderbevoorregte gemeenskappe deur middel van musiekonderrig op te hef, maar as gevolg van verskeie redes gaan baie daarvan net so vinnig weer tot niet. Die Paarlse Frank Pietersen Musieksentrum (FPMS) wat onlangs sy veertigste bestaansjaar gevier het, het tydens sy bestaan deur diep waters gegaan, maar terselfdertyd ook vooruitgegaan. Tans is die FPMS ʼn gerekende instelling en die enigste van sy aard in die Drakensteindistrik. Die sentrum het tydens die vroeë Apartheidsjare in die Paarlse Bruin gemeenskap ontstaan, as gevolg van ʼn tekort aan musiekfasiliteite vir hierdie bevolkingsgroep. Aangesien musiek in daardie tyd een van die min aktiwiteite was waarin hierdie bevolkingsgroep hulself kon uitdruk, het daar verskeie musikale aktiwiteite ontstaan en het die behoefte aan formele musiekonderrig vir die Paarlse Bruin gemeenskap al hoe groter geraak. Mnr. Frank Pietersen het hierdie behoefte raakgesien en het in 1970 die Paarl Skole-Musieksentrum (PSMS) gestig. Hierdie musieksentrum het sterk ontwikkeling getoon, maar as gevolg van verskeie redes het dit in die laat tagtiger jare agteruitgegaan en het uiteindelik in 1988 ʼn periode van reses beleef. Na mnr. Pietersen se dood in 1989, het sy seun, mnr. Vaughan Pietersen besluit om die PSMS te laat herleef. Die PSMS het in Oktober 1991 sy 21ste bestaansjaar gevier en is by hierdie geleentheid vernoem na sy stigter en staan sedertdien bekend as die Frank Pietersen Musieksentrum. Sedertdien het die sentrum vele mylpale bereik en sy voortbestaan is verseker deur die oorname daarvan deur die Wes-Kaapse Onderwysdepartement in 1994. Tans bied die FPMS musiekonderrig aan skoliere èn volwassenes, binne en buite die grense van die Drakensteingebied. Onderrig word aangebied in byna al die instrumente van die Klassieke simfonie-orkes, asook Afrika-instrumente en Jazz-instrumente. Daar bestaan verskeie instrumentale ensembles en kore en die FPMS is veral bekend vir sy Jeugorkes. Die sentrum sien ook om na die behoeftes van die omliggende minderbevoorregte gemeenskappe deur middel van uitreikprogramme wat teen billike tariewe aangebied word. Die nuutste toevoeging tot die sentrum se onderrig is die aanbieding van die volwaardige Vakmusiekprogram vir skoliere, wat ook deel vorm van die Wes-Kaapse Onderwysdepartement se program vir Verdere Onderrig en Opleiding. Met hierdie tesis is gepoog om die unieke geskiedenis van die FPMS so deeglik as moontlik na te vors en op skrif te stel, asook om die huidige funksionering van die sentrum te belig sodat dit as riglyn en aanmoediging kan dien vir ander musieksentra of -projekte van ʼn soortgelyke aard.

Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Philo is a writer who lived in Alexandria in 30 BC – 50 AD. Traditionally scholars classified Philo as philosopher, exegete and apologist. With these classifications in mind, Philo’s works is read and interpreted. In this study a methodology of postmodernism (which is inherently a cultural historical understanding of reality) will be used, and it will become clear that this classification of the scholars is not satisfactory. The question that arises, is: How must Philo be read and understood in the context of a postmodern methodology? By means of a study of the logos-concept it is suggested that Philo must be understood as a threshold person, who stands on the cutting edges of the cultures in Alexandria; he therefore creates a new universe of symbols. In this new universe of symbols it is possible for the different cultures to communicate effectively, because they now have a joint vocabulary. Philo is not a postmodernist, but he makes use of techniques which occurs in post modern philosophy to create this new universe of symbols. Through the use of these techniques it becomes possible for the reader to take into account the different philosophical dimensions that are part of Philo’s thoughts. This helps the reader to understand the contradiction in Philo’s thought in connection with the logos-concept. It also helps the reader to place the logos-concept of Philo in its proper cultural historical background.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Filo is ’n skrywer wat in Aleksandrië gewoon het in die tydperk 30 vC – 50 nC. Tradisioneel het geleerdes Filo getipeer as filosoof, eksegeet en apologeet. Aan die hand van hierdie tiperings is Filo se werke dan gelees en geïnterpreteer. In hierdie studie word daar met ’n postmoderne metodologiese vertrekpunt gewerk (wat ten diepste gebaseer word op ’n kultuur historiese verstaan van die werklikheid) en word dit duidelik dat hierdie tiperings nie bevredigend is nie. Die vraag wat nou ontstaan, is: Hoe moet Filo dan gelees en verstaan word binne die raamwerk van ’n postmoderne metodologie? Aan die hand van ’n studie van die logos-begrip word daar voorgestel dat Filo gelees en verstaan moet word as ’n deurdrumpel-persoon, wat op die snypunt van al die verskillende kulture in Aleksandrië staan en daarom ’n nuwe simbole universum skep. Binne hierdie nuwe simbole universum kan verskillende kulture effektief met mekaar kommunikeer, aangesien hulle nou oor ’n gedeelde woordeskat beskik. Filo self was nie ’n postmodernis nie, maar hy maak wel van tegnieke gebruik wat ook voorkom in die postmoderne filosofie om hierdie nuwe simbole universum te skep. Deur middel van hierdie tegnieke is dit vir die leser moontlik om die verskillende filosofiese nuanses wat op Filo se denke ten opsigte van die logos ingewerk het, te verreken en om hierdie oënskynlike teenstrydighede in sy denke rakende die logos-begrip te verstaan teen die kultuur-historiese agtergrond waarbinne hy hom in Aleksandrië bevind.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nobody can deny the need which prevails among black South Africans of gaining access to land. In South Africa, just like elsewhere, the land issue plays an equally important role to economic and political issues. However, the land issue is much more emotional, and has the potential to unleash forces which could impact negatively on the economy and the political situation. Bearing this in mind, the ANC-government placed the issue of land reform on the national agenda after assuming power in 1994. Within the broad framework of the program provision is made for previously disadvantaged people to be given access to agricultural land. However, the focus on new entrants to the agricultural sector diverts the attention somewhat from the fact that there are people and groupings who were also disadvantaged under apartheid, but who have had a degree of access to land. This study focuses on the 23 so-called Rural Areas which are scattered over four provinces (Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape and the Free State) and which are administered in terms of the Rural Areas Act, Act 9 of 1987. Since the study is no more than an overview, a synopsis is given of contributing factors which relate to the origins of each of the areas. Of importance is the role which was played by missionary societies and others in establishing these communities. The mam focus of the study is the manner in which the Rural Areas were administered. Reference is made to relevant legislation since 1909, and specifically to Act 9 of 1987. The importance thereof lies in the fact that the existence and continued application of the Act has particular constitutional implications. Furthermore, the Minster of Land Affairs, who is responsible for the implementation of the land reform program, is the (unwilling) trustee of these areas. Apart from the fact that trusteeship recalls paternalism of years gone by, the South African reality also necessitated reflection on the existence of Act 9. The rest of the study discusses the consultation process undertaken by the department of Land Affairs with the communities concerned, and the writing of legislation to replace Act 9. The Transformation of Certain Rural Areas Act, Act 94 of 1998, will replace Act 9 when certain conditions mentioned therein, have been met. The Act will end trusteeship and ensure that the communities receive ownership of their land. This will be a movement towards the ideal of the land reform process of giving access to land to all inhabitants of the country.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Niemand kan die behoefte aan toegang tot grond ontken wat onder swart Suid- Afrikaners heers nie. Nes elders, speel die grondkwessie in Suid-Afrika 'n ewe belangrike rol as ekonomiese en politieke kwessies. Die grondkwessie is egter baie meer emosioneel, met die potensiaal om kragte los te laat wat nadelig op die ekonomie en politiek kan inwerk. Gedagtig hieraan het die ANC-regering na bewindsaanvaarding in 1994 grondhervorming op die nasionale agenda geplaas deur 'n grondhervormingsprogram van stapel te stuur. Binne die breë raamwerk van die program is onder andere ruimte geskep vir die verlening van toegang tot landbougrond aan voorheen benadeeldes. Dié klem op "nuwe toetreders" tot landbou trek egter 'n mens se aandag af van die feit dat daar ander persone en groeperinge bestaan wat ook deur apartheid benadeel is, maar wat wel 'n mate van toegang tot grond gehad het. Hiedie studie fokus op die 23 sogenaamde Landelike Gebiede wat oor vier provinsies (Wes-Kaap, Noord-Kaap, Oos-Kaap en Vrystaat) van die land versprei is, en wat ingevolge die Wet op Landelike Gebiede, Wet 9 van 1987, geadministreer word. Weens die oorsigtelike aard van die studie word slegs 'n sinopsis gegee van bydraende faktore wat relevant is tot die spesifieke ontstaansgeskiedenis van elk van die gebiede. Veral van belang hier is die rol wat sendinggenootskappe en andere gespeel het in die totstandkoming van gemeenskappe. Daar word in hoofsaak gekyk na die manier waarop die Landelike Gebiede met verloop van tyd geadministreer is. Hier word verwys na die relevante wetgewing sedert 1909, met spesifieke verwysing na Wet 9 van 1987. Die belang hiervan lê in die feit dat die voortbestaan en voortgesette toepassing van die Wet bepaalde grondwetlike implikasies inhou. Daarmee saam die feit dat die Minister van Grondsake, wat verantwoordelik IS vir die implementering van die grondhervormingsprogram, die (onwillige) trustee is van die Landelike Gebiede. Benewens die feit dat trusteeskap sterk herinner aan die paternalisme van die verlede, het die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse werklikheid vereis dat herbesin word oor die voortbestaan van Wet 9. Die res van die studie bespreek die konsultasieproses van die departement van Grondsake met die betrokke gemeenskappe, en die skryf van wetgewing om Wet 9 te vervang. Die Wet op die Transformasie van Sekere Landelike Gebiede, Wet 94 van 1998 sal Wet 9 vervang wanneer aan sekere vereistes voldoen word. Die Wet het ten doelom trusteeskap te beëindig en te verseker dat die betrokke gemeenskappe seggenskap oor hul grond verkry. Sodoende sal nader beweeg word aan die ideaal van die grondhervormingsproses, naamlik die verskaffing van vrye toegang tot grond aan alle inwoners van die land.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the early 1970s the National Party government under B.l Vorster experienced serious problems due to its policy on the Coloured population. Issues concerning the mutual relations between the population groups came strongly to the fore and the government's policy of separate development was subject to widespread and severe criticism. The period 1970-1974 is generally regarded as a time of change in South Afiica due to international and foreign pressures. South Afiica's position in the international community deteriorated dramatically and attitudes towards the Republic became increasingly hostile in the rest of the world. Furthermore, the Vorster government was confronted with two opposing schools of thought within the party itself, the so-called verligtes and the verkramptes. During the 1970s the political decision-making processes became entangled in a continuous struggle between the enlightened wing of the National Party, the so-called Cape Liberals, and a more conservative element, the verkramptes of the Transvaal. Race relations issues and the government's Coloured policy in particular were often the source of contention. In March 1973 Vorster appointed a Commission of Enquiry into Matters Relating to the Coloured Population Group. It was chaired by prof Erika Theron, formerly professor in Social Work at the University of Stellenbosch. The Theron Commission, as it became known generally, consisted of twenty members, six of whom were Coloureds. The Commission had to investigate the following: the progress made by the Coloured population group since 1960 in the social, economic and constitutional spheres as well as in the fields of local management, culture and sport; constraining factors in the various fields that could be identified as sources of contention; and any other related matters. The Theron Commission's report was tabled in parliament three years later on 18 June 1976. The Soweto riots that broke out two days before, however, forced news of the report out of the newspapers and caused its influence to be largely dissipated. The Theron report contained a number of recommendations that were directly in conflict with the government's apartheid policy and were hence not acceptable to the government. Consequently, the government - by way of an interim memorandum and a later white paper - rejected those recommendations that affected the core of its apartheid policy. The recommendations included the repeal of the Mixed Marriages Act (Act 55 of 1949) and Section 16 of the Immorality Act (Act 23 of 1957), two of the cornerstones of the policy of apartheid. Recommendation No. 178, in which the commission recommended direct representation for Coloureds at the various levels of government, was also rejected by the government. The potential influence of the Theron Commission's report to influence change was thus firmly nipped in the bud. The government's reaction caused bitter disappointment among the Coloured population as well as enlightened Whites and at the same time fuelled the conflict between the verligtes and the verkramptes. It also ensured intensified criticism from the opposition parties, especially the United Party. Yet the recommendations of the Theron Commision's report played a prominent role in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the wheels of political change began to tum, and let to the tricameral parliamentary system of 1984 in which the Coloured population group was also represented. The Arbeidersparty of South Africa (APSA) - Ministers' Council, which was in control of the House of Representatives from 1984 to 1992, consistently endeavoured to negotiate a better social, economic and constitutional position for the Coloured population on the basis of the Theron Commission's report.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die vroeë sewentigerjare van die twintigste eeu het die Nasionale Party-regering, onder die bewind van BJ. Vorster, ernstige probleme ten opsigte van sy Kleurlingbeleid ondervind. Probleme rondom die bevolkingsverhoudingsvraagstuk het sterk op die voorgrond getree en die regering se beleid van afsonderlike ontwikkeling aan wydverspreide en hewige kritiek onderwerp. Die tydperk 1970-1974 word allerweë deur kritici beskou as 'n tydperk van verandering in Suid-Afrika vanweë toenemende binne- en buitelandse druk. Suid-Afrika se posisie binne die internasionale gemeenskap het drasties verswak en die buiteland het 'n vyandige gesindheid jeens die Republiek geopenbaar. Daarbenewens het die Vorster-regering gebuk gegaan onder twee botsende denkrigtings binne die partygeledere, die sogenaamde verligtes en die verkramptes. Die politieke besluitnemingsprosesse van die sewentigerjare was vasgevang tussen die verligte vleuel van die Nasionale Party, die sogenaamde Cape Liberals, en 'n meer konserwatiewe element, die verkramptes van Transvaal tussen wie daar 'n voortdurende stryd gewoed het. Die bevolkingsverhoudingsvraagstuk en die regering se Kleurlingbeleid was gereeld in die spervuur. In Maart 1973 het Vorster 'n Kommissie van Ondersoek na Aangeleenthede rakende die Kleurlingbevolkingsgroep aangestel. Die voorsitter was prof Erika Theron, voormalige hoogleraar in Maatskaplike Werk aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Die Theronkommissie, soos dit algemeen bekend sou staan, is saamgestel uit twintig lede waaronder ses Kleurlinge. Die kommissie moes ondersoek instel na die volgende: die vordering van die Kleurlingbevolkingsgroep sedert 1960 op maatskaplike, ekonomiese en staatkundige gebied asook op die terreine van plaaslike bestuur, kultuur en sport; stremmende faktore op die verskillende terreine wat as knelpunte geïdentifiseer kon word; en enige verdere verwante sake. Die Theron-verslag is drie jaar later op 18 Junie 1976 in die parlement ter tafel gelê. Die Soweto-onluste wat twee dae tevore uitgebreek het, het egter die verslag van die persblaaie verdring en die invloed daarvan grootliks verlore laat gaan. Die Theron-verslag het aanbevelings bevat wat lynreg in stryd was met die apartheidsbeleid en wat nie vir die regering aanneemlik was nie. Gevolglik het die regering by wyse van 'n tussentydse memorandum en 'n latere witskrif daardie aanbevelings wat die kern van sy apartheidsbeleid aangetas het, afgekeur. Onder die aanbevelings was die herroeping van die Wet op die Verbod van Gemengde Huwelike (Wet No. 55 van 1949) en Artikel 16 van die Ontugwet (Wet No. 23 van 1957), twee van die hoekstene van die apartheidsbeleid. Aanbeveling No. 178, waarin die kommissie regstreekse verteenwoordiging vir die Kleurlinge op die verskillende owerheidsvlakke en in besluitnemingsprosesse aanbeveel het, is ook deur die regering afgekeur. Sodoende is die Theron-verslag se potensiële invloed tot verandering in die kiem gesmoor. Die regering se reaksie het bittere teleurstelling onder die Kleurlinge en die verligte blankes veroorsaak en terselfdertyd die fel stryd tussen die verligtes en die verkramptes aangewakker. Dit het ook toenemende kritiek komende van die opposisiepartye, veral die Verenigde Party, op die regering verseker. Die aanbevelings van die Theron-verslag het nietemin 'n prominente rol gespeel in die laat sewentigerjare en vroeë tagtigerjare toe die wiel van politieke veranderinge begin draai het en uitgeloop het op die Driekamerparlementstelsel van 1984 waarbinne die Kleurlinge ook verteenwoordig was. Die Arbeidersparty van Suid-Afrika (APSA) - Ministersraad wat sedert 1984 tot 1992 in beheer van die Raad van Verteenwoordigers binne die Driekamerparlement was, het hom voortdurend beywer om aan die hand van die Theronverslag, 'n beter sosiale, ekonomiese en staatkundige posisie vir die Kleurlinge te beding.

Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: International trade has increased tremendously in the last few decades. When parties to a contract find themselves in different countries and each has its own legal background, specific problems originate in connection with formation of the contract, its execution, the breach thereof and so forth. The predominant theme of this work is the question of how a diversity of legal rules should be approached in an international context. The focus is on contract formation, and the rules of offer and acceptance are therefore examined. As a result of diverse legal cultures, different legal systems often have contradicting rules pertaining to contract formation, which can lead to a variety of problems if the contracting parties are not aware of the inconsistencies. According to international private law's choice of law-rules, such a contract should be governed by the rules of the legal system with which it has the closest connection. Connecting factors can be for instance the domicile of particular persons at various times, the situs of property, or the place where a juristic act was performed. One specific legal system will therefore rule the contract. There is however another possibility: that of a uniform substantive law. This involves the unification of different legal rules into one set of rules to be applied to contracts which are concluded in an international context. Taking into account that many of the rules and doctrines applicable to contract law have a common philosophical origin, the necessity of a convergence of these rules may be questioned. However, most of the rules ended up being different in different legal systems, and parties to an international transaction will probably not have the same idea about questions such as the possibility to revoke an offer before acceptance, or the precise moment of formation of the contract. A comparative study of the rules of offer and acceptance illustrates this point. International efforts to unify the law in this regard are explored, in order to assess the possibility of a uniform substantive law of contracts. Some of the international instruments seem to be able to find a middle way between conflicting rules, although it may not always be the best way to solve the problem. It is argued that harmony is not necessarily advanced by a codification of existing rules, and that a common legal culture which can lead to the incremental development of harmonious legal principles may be an alternative solution for the problem of incompatible national legal systems in an international context.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Internasionale handel het die afgelope paar dekades geweldig toegeneem. Wanneer kontraktante hulle in verskillende lande bevind, elke party met sy eie regsagtergrond, ontstaan eiesoortige probleme in verband met kontraksluiting, die uitvoering daarvan, kontrakbreuk, en dies meer. Die oorheersende tema van hierdie werk is die vraag na die hantering van 'n verskeidenheid regsreëls betrokke in 'n internasionale konteks. Die fokus is op kontraksluiting, en die reëls aangaande aanbod en aanname word derhalwe ondersoek. As gevolg van die bestaan van uiteenlopende regskulture het verskillende regstelsels dikwels teenstrydige reëls met betrekking tot kontraksluiting. Dit kan natuurlik problematies wees, veral indien die partye tot die kontrak nie bewus is van die teenstrydighede nie. Ooreenkomstig die choice of law-reëls van internasionale privaatreg, word so 'n kontrak beheers deur die regstelsel waarmee dit die nouste verbintenis het. Faktore wat dui op so 'n band kan byvoorbeeld die domisilie van bepaalde persone op verskillende tye, die situs van eiendom, of die plek waar 'n regshandeling verrig is wees. Een spesifieke regstelsel sal dus van toepassing wees op die kontrak. Daar is egter ook 'n ander moontlikheid: dié van 'n eenvormige substantiewe reg. Dit behels die vereniging van verskillende regsreëls ten einde een stel reëls daar te stel wat toegepas word op internasionale kontrakte. lndien in ag geneem word dat heelparty reëls en leerstukke in die kontraktereg 'n gemeenskaplike filosofiese oorsprong het, is die noodsaaklikheid van 'n vereniging van die reëls nie 'n gegewe nie. Die meeste van dié reëls het egter verskillend uitgekristalliseer in verskillende regstelsels, en partye tot 'n internasionale transaksie sal heel waarskynlik nie dieselfde opinie hê oor kwessies soos die moontlikheid om 'n aanbod voor aanname daarvan te herroep, of die presiese oomblik van totstandkoming van 'n kontrak nie. 'n Vergelykende studie van die reëls van aanbod en aanname illustreer die punt. Internasionale pogings om die reg in die verband te verenig word ondersoek, ten einde die moontlikheid van 'n eenvormige substantiewe reg van toepassing op kontrakte te beoordeel. Sekere van die internasionale instrumente blyk 'n middeweg tussen uiteenlopende reëls te vind, alhoewel dit nie noodwendig die beste manier is om die probleem voorhande op te los nie. Daar word geargumenteer dat harmonie nie noodwendig bevorder word deur 'n kodifikasie van bestaande reëls nie, en dat 'n gemeenskaplike regskultuur wat tot die geleidelike ontwikkeling van eenvormige regsbeginsels kan lei, 'n alternatiewe oplossing vir die probleem van onversoenbare nasionale regstelsels in 'n internasionale konteks kan wees.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word gekyk na die gevolge van die totale oorheersing van ‘n baie suksesvolle landboubedryf in ‘n afgebakende gebied, wat as gevolg van verskeie faktore in duie gestort het. In die Klein Karoo was so ‘n bedryf die volstruisboerdery, waar ongekende hoë pryse vir volstruisvere tot 1914 behaal is waarna die prys geval het en die boerdery –gemeenskap in ellende gedompel is. Die studie konsentreer op die herbopbou van die landbou in die Oudtshoorn-distrik en op die maniere waarop die boere gedwing is om innoverend te dink om te oorleef. Die fokus van die boere het weggeskuif van die produksie van volstruisvere en hulle het teruggekeer na die produksie van beproefde landbougewasse. Daar is nuut gedink oor hoe om hierdie gewasse meer effektief en meer lewensvatbaar te produseer. Nuwe produkte is beproef en met die terugkeer van die volstruis as bemarkbare kommoditeit is op die verwerking van die hele volstruis gekonsentreer en nie net op die vere nie.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study the effects of the total domination of a very successful agricultural industry in a defined area, which has collapsed as a result of various factors, will be looked at. In the Klein Karoo unprecedented high prices were obtained for ostrich feathers up till 1914 and when the price fell, the farming community was plunged into misery. The study focuses on the redevelopment of the agriculture in the Oudtshoorn district and the ways in which farmers were forced to think innovatively to survive. The focus of the farmers had to move away from the production of ostrich feathers and they had to return to the production of proven agricultural crops. There had to be some new thinking on how to make the production of these crops efficiently and economically more viable. New products were tried and tested and with the return of the ostrich as a marketable commodity the farmers concentrated on the processing of the whole ostrich and not just the feathers.

Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
During an interview, the author Rudolf Herter in Harry Mulisch’s novel Siegfried states that Hitler would only be comprehended if an imaginative experiment is conducted by capturing him in a net of fiction. This is indeed what Mulisch does in this novel. The combination of historical and fictional data resulting from this strategy is typical of the conventional historical novel, while Siegfried also manifests modernist characteristics. In this study, however, special attention is paid to aspects such as metafictionality, selfreflexivity, subjectivity and an emphasis on ideology which Siegfried shares with other postmodern historical novels, with specific reference to Linda Hutcheon’s view on historiographic metafiction and Lies Wesseling’s definition of uchronian fiction. The focus in this study lies, inter alia, on the ways in which Mulisch utilizes open spaces in history and fits the fictitious data like pieces into the puzzle of the history of the Second World War in general and specific events surrounding Hitler in particular. Mulisch’s play with autobiographical data in the novel further diminishes the boundaries between fact and fiction. Of particular importance is the metafictional statements about the nature of history which Mulisch delivers in the process. Not only the political side of history, but also its subjective and one-sided nature is emphasised. Finally a question is posed about Mulisch’s intentions and aspirations in writing another novel about Hitler, who as a character in this novel awakens sympathy on the one hand and on the other is demonized as inhuman with superhuman qualities. This demonstrates the problems involved in gaining insight into the real Hitler. My opinion is that, in the final instance, Mulisch intentionally magnifies the enigma surrounding Hitler in his characterization of the man who can be regarded as one of the most destructive people of the 20th century.

Thesis (DPhil (History)—University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
Toe die onderhandeling vir ‘n nuwe demokratiese bestel in Suid-Afrika na 1990 begin is, het dit ‘n tydperk ingelei waar talle kwessies oor menseregte na vore gekom het. Ook vroue het die geleentheid aangegryp om vrouesake en gender-verhoudings op die nasionale agenda te plaas in ‘n poging om die onregverdighede van die verlede aan te spreek. Die Women’s National Coalition (WNC) is in 1992 amptelik gestig uit vrees dat vroue van die belangrike politieke prosesse wat die toekoms van Suid-Afrika sou bepaal, uitgesluit sou word. Die doelwitte van die WNC was om inligting oor vroue se behoeftes en aspirasies in te samel en dit in ‘n Vrouehandves saam te vat wat uiteindelik ‘n integrale deel van die nuwe grondwet van Suid-Afrika sou word. Die WNC was ‘n inisiatief van die African National Congress Women’s League (ANCWL). Die swart vrou in Suid-Afrika se onderdrukking was drieledig: sy was onderdruk as vrou, deur patriargie en deur apartheid. Sy het polities aktief geraak toe haar familiestrukture bedreig is en het teen paswette, swak behuising, en uitsetttingsaksies van die regering, geprotesteer. Tydens die 1980’s het swart vroue wat aan die noodtoestand blootgestel is, se politieke betrokkenheid verander en sy het ‘n rewolusionêre vryheidsvegter geword. In die buiteland het die swart vrou wat in die bevrydingstryd betrokke was geleidelik erkenning in die ANC gekry. Hierdie vroue was ná 1990 gedetermineerd dat hul verwagtinge vir totale gelykberegtiging in die demokratiese Suid-Afrika sal realiseer. In hierdie proefskrif val die soeklig veral op die Afrikanervrou en -vroueorganisasies wat by die WNC aangesluit het. As Afrikanernasionalis was haar politieke betrokkenheid in die verloop van die geskiedenis marginaal. Met geïsoleerde aktivistiese optrede soos die vroue-optogte van 1915 en 1940, asook die militantheid van die vakbondvroue, het Afrikanervroue hoofsaaklik die veilige ruimte van die liefdadigheidsterrein gebruik om hul politieke voorkeure uit te leef. Afrikanervroue se betrokkenheid in die stemregbeweging was op aandrang van die mans en by insinuasie ook die optogte van 1915 en 1940. Met die magsoorname van die Nasionale Party het die Afrikanervrou polities onbetrokke geraak. Haar funksie was hoofsaaklik die van moeder en vrou en ondersteunend van die heersende ideologie. Met die aftakeling van apartheid is talle tradisionele Afrikanersimbole bevraagteken. Meer as 40% van die Afrikaner het by die meer regse partye aangesluit. Hierdie gebeure het die Afrikanervrou aan die begin van die 1990’s sonder ‘n spesifieke identiteit gelaat. Met die onderhandelings vir die toekomstige demokratiese bestel ‘n werklikheid, was die Afrikanervrou in ‘n onbenydenswaardige identiteitskrisis gedompel. Sy wou apolities bly, maar is deur Afrikanerintelligentsia en politici aangesê om die politieke wêreld te betree. Aan die anderkant wou Afrikanerkultuurorganisasies die Afrikanerkultuur inklusief beveilig. Die Afrikanervroue het moeilik by die WNC aangepas. Daar was talle praktiese probleme, maar dit was veral haar gebrek aan politieke vernuf, en die vyandigheid van swart vroue wat die vergaderings van die WNC domineer het, wat haar betrokkenheid in die wiele gery het. Die gedagte het ook by feitlik al die Afrikanervroue ontstaan dat die WNC ‘n politieke rookskerm was vir die ANC om sy magsbasis te versterk. Die spanninge van die Veelparty-onderhandelinge het ook na die WNC oorgespoel en vertragings en opskorting van lidmaatskap tot gevolg gehad. Daar was Afrikanervroue wat hul belewenis van die WNC as volkome positief ervaar het, wat dit as geleentheid gesien het om by vrouebemagtiging en politieke onderhandelinge betrokke te raak. Die meerderheid van vroue wat by hierdie ondersoek betrek is, was egter onseker en het die negatiewe aspekte van hul belewenis hulle die ondervinding laat bevraagteken. Daar was selfs vroue wat slegs die vyandigheid onthou het. Uiteindelik het Afrikanervrou nie heeltmal aangepas by die WNC nie en was ook nie werklik betrokke nie.

Thesis (MA (Dept. of Ancient Studies) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
Throughout the centuries artists have visualised the imaginative works of Publius Vergilius Maro in a variety of art forms. Paintings, frescoes, sculptures and even tapestries have made the wordscenes of his great epic, the Aeneid, concrete. The thesis investigates only the illustration of the epic in manuscripts and printed texts or translations. The illustrations of scenes in Book VI – the journey of Aeneas in the underworld – are studied using the reception-historical approach. This is to determine whether the illustrations of the Trojan hero’s journey in the underworld reflect the reception of the Aeneid in the different eras or periods. The illustrator is a “reader” of the Aeneid text or translation and consequently his/her illustration of a particular scene reflects his/her own visual interpretation thereof. Illustrations of Book VI in manuscripts like the Vergilius Vaticanus of late Antiquity and the mid- 15th century Riccardiana Vergilius of Apollonio di Giovanni are examined. A study of illustrations in printed texts or translations range from the 1502 Grüninger edition of Vergil edited by Sebastian Brant to the Book VI illustration of Thom Kapheim in a textbook published in 2001. The aim is to establish how illustrators associated with Book VI, interpreted it, how their environment and the spirit of the age influenced their visualisation and how their illustrations reflect the reception of the epic throughout the centuries. Such a study hopes to provide a contribution to Vergilian reception and Nachleben. In the process a better understanding can be obtained for the importance and changing role of Aeneid VI and the whole epic in different eras. It is found that the illustrators of the Aeneid – influenced by the different spirit of their times and environments – brought forth unique visual interpretations of scenes in Book VI that suggest a particular reception of the epic at that specific point of time. The illustrative spectrum of Book VI throughout the centuries can be summarised as follows: revival, allegorisation, pedagogic, realistic decoration and eventually increasingly unrealistic decoration. From late Antiquity to the beginning of the 21st century, the illustrative visualisation of the journey of Aeneas in the underworld indicates that there has always been a definitive response to Vergil and his epic.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to develop a specific period in the history of the historically important Karoo town of Graaff-Reinet. The importance of the period under discussion lies in the fact that during the period in question, Graaff- Reinetters engaged in a series of socially divisive conflicts that divided the society on a racial basis based on an individual’s use of either Afrikaans or English. In the aftermath of the Anglo-Boer War, an Afrikaner nationalistic trend established a foothold on the Afrikaans speaking population of Graaff-Reinet and forced them to counter the dominance of an Imperialist and British viewpoint that had been dominant in society up to that point. This was done by fighting for the importance of Afrikaans as a language as opposed to English. These two groups of language speakers engaged in a series of literal and metaphorical frictions within different sections of society, including on a political level well as in the education of students. Apart from the conflicts between the Afrikaans and English speaking population, this research will also examine the occurrence of conflicts within the Afrikaans community of Graaff- Reinet regarding the loaded decision about what language to use from the pulpit. In short this research examines the origin and development of Afrikaner nationalism in Graaff-Reinet during the period after Unification, but more than that and on a much deeper level it also looks at the social tendencies that manifested itself within this relatively small and rural Karoo society.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die mikpunt van hierdie navorsing is om ’n spesifieke periode in die geskiedenis van die histories belangrike Karoodorp, Graaff-Reinet te belig. Die belangrikheid van die periode onder bespreking lê opgesluit in die feit dat Graaff-Reinetters in daardie tydperk in ’n reeks sosiaal verdelende konflikte gewikkel was wat die samelewing op ’n rassegrondslag verdeel het; die konflik was gebaseer op ’n individu se taalgebruik van hetsy Afrikaans of Engels. In die periode ná die Anglo-Boereoorlog het ’n Afrikanernasionalistiese tendens ’n houvas gekry op Afrikaanssprekendes op Graaff- Reinet en dit het hulle genoop om in alle erns die oorheersing van ’n Imperialistiese Britse sienswyse in die samelewing teen te werk. Dit het behels dat die belangrikheid van Afrikaans vir Afrikaanssprekendes belig is teenoor die Imperialistiese Ryksgesindes wat weer Engels as die summa summarum van tale aangevoer het. Hierdie twee groepe taalgebruikers het op etlike terreine vir mekaar die letterlike en metaforiese stryd aangesê: ondermeer in die politieke speelterrein op die dorp sowel as in die opvoeding van leerders en met die samestelling van skool- en afdelingsrade. Buiten die konflikte tussen die Afrikaans- en Engelssprekendes wat op hierdie verskillende terreine belig gaan word, kyk hierdie navorsing ook na die voorkoms van taalkonflikte binne Afrikanerkringe self en hoe dit tot uiting gekom in die keuse van ’n taal by godsdiensbeoefening op die dorp. In kort fokus hierdie tesis dus op die voorkoms en opbou van Afrikanernasionalisme op Graaff-Reinet in veral die tydperk ná Uniewording, maar dit kyk ook op ’n wyer vlak na die onderliggende sosiale tendense wat deur die dekades heen op hierdie relatief klein Karoodorp gemanifesteer het.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa there are various gender and health issues. These issues influence and challenge South African faith communities in their daily existence. This is further justified and enhanced by unethical Biblical interpretation. This study proposes that faith communities in present-day South Africa, where faith communities‘ social wellbeing is endangered, could be responsible receivers of the Bible. This may happen through a multidimensional reading of the letter of James towards an ethos of historical reading and accountability. A multidimensional reading of the letter of James proposes that the text, social and moral world of the writer and the first historical receivers, the possible rhetorical effect of the letter, the ideological perspectives that can be seen in the letter as well as the context, as well as the history of reception of this letter must be taken into account when the possible rhetorical effect for present-day receivers is investigated. An ethos of historical reading and accountability asks believers to respect the historical embeddedness of the text, to read the text in ways which do justice to the nature of the text and to account for the possible ethical consequences of their reading of a text. A multidimensional reading of the letter of James has the transformational potential to make the above mentioned a reality. A multidimensional reading of the letter of James furthermore suggests with regards to gender and health issues that present-day receivers of the Bible should become communities of character where the Bible is read in life-giving ways to make ethical biblical interpretation a reality. Thus South African faith communities may become agents of hope in present-day South Africa. Chapter one functions as the introduction to this study. In chapter two the letter of James is read with regards to the textual and literary aspects of the letter. In chapter three the social and moral world of the letter of James is investigated. In chapter four the pragmatic aspects (theological and rhetorical aspects) of the letter of James is focused on. Chapter five consists of a conclusion and summary of this study where gender and health issues, ethical biblical interpretation and the letter of James are brought together.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is verskeie gender- en gesondheidskwessies en uitdagings wat Suid-Afrikaanse geloofsgemeenskappe in hulle daaglikse bestaan beïnvloed en uitdaag. Dit word dikwels deur onetiese Bybelinterpretasie geregverdig en vererger. Hierdie studie stel voor, deur ʼn multidimensionele lees van die Jakobus-brief, op weg na ʼn etos van historiese lees en verantwoordbaarheid, dat geloofsgemeenskappe in ʼn hedendaagse Suid-Afrika waar hulle sosiale welstand bedreig word, verantwoordelike ontvangers van die Bybel kan wees. ʼn Multidimensionele lees van die Jakobus-brief stel voor dat die teks, die sosiale- en morele wêreld van die skrywer en eerste historiese ontvangers, die moontlike retoriese effek van die brief, die ideologiese perspektiewe wat in die brief en konteks sigbaar is, sowel as die resepsie-geskiedenis van die brief in berekening gebring word wanneer die retoriese effek vir hedendaagse ontvangers ondersoek word. ʼn Etos van historiese lees en verantwoordbaarheid vra aan gelowiges om die teks se historiese ingebedheid te respekteer, tekste op maniere te lees wat reg aan die teks sal laat geskied en ook die moontlike etiese gevolge van hulle lees van die teks te verreken. ‘n Multidimensionele lees van die Jakobus-brief besit, myns insiens, die transformerende potensiaal om bogenoemde te kan bewerkstellig. In die lig van gender- en gesondheidskwessies, voorsien hierdie leesstrategie dat hedendaagse ontvangers gemeenskappe van karakter sal wees waar die Bybel in lewegewende maniere gelees word, en etiese Bybelinterpretasie aangekweek word. Sodoende kan Suid-Afrikaanse geloofsgemeenskappe agente van hoop wees. Hoofstuk een is die inleidende hoofstuk tot die studie. Hoofstuk twee bestaan uit ‘n tekstuele en literêre ondersoek van die Jakobus-brief. In hoofstuk drie word die sosiale- en morele wêreld van die brief bestudeer. In hoofstuk vier word die pragmatiese aspekte (teologiese- en retoriese aspekte) van Jakobus van nader bekyk. Hoofstuk vyf bestaan uit ‘n gevolgtrekking en samevatting van die studie, waar gender- en gesondheidskwessies, etiese Bybelinterpretasie en die Jakobus-brief bymekaar gebring word.

Thesis (MDram)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The appearance of actresses on stage during the seventeenth century gave rise to the discarding of gender boundaries and the exploration of male characters. By investigating the cause and effect and the critical value of actresses assuming breeches parts (“broekrolle”) within specific historical time lines and theatrical traditions, and a comparative study of the creation and portrayal of breeches parts within a South African context, I will endeavour to assess the success of the assumption of male characters on the stage. Actresses performing breeches parts were not necessarily in competition with their male counterparts, but were often influenced by their socio-economic situations, as well as their natural inclination to male identities. The appearance or beauty of the female performer has almost always been a defining factor in the casting of a part and it is therefore possible that some actresses chose to perform breeches parts because their natural attributes might not have fallen within the general concept of beauty. Although the assumption of male characters was often categorized as sensation seeking and selfglorification, it was accepted during certain historical periods and the theatrical traditions of the time. Breeches parts contributed towards the actress’s level of skills, and thus to their financial gain. Within a South African context a comparative and personal perception will be investigated in relation to the experiences of the above-mentioned actresses. Because of the hybrid quality of the character of Ella/Max Gericke in As die Broek Pas (Man to Man), in other words, the duality of her performed identity, the breeches part of Ella/Max differs from the traditional concept of breeches performances. This aspect contributes to the process of self-assessment through performance as research – situated knowledge.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vroulike toneelspeler het reeds gedurende die laat sewentiende eeu oor geslagsgrense heen manskarakters (broekrolle) begin vertolk. Deur ondersoek in te stel na die oorsake, gevolge en kritiese waarde van aktrises se aanneming van broekrolle binne ’n spesifieke tydruimte en teaterkonvensies en ’n vergelykende proses wat hierdie skepping en uitbeelding van ’n broekrol in kontemporêre Suid-Afrika belig, kan gepoog word om te bepaal hoe suksesvol hierdie geslagsaanneming op die dramatiese ruimte van die verhoog was en is. Die emansipasie van die vrou en die ontbanning van vroulike toneelspelers het dit vir aktrises moontlik gemaak om buite hulle tradisionele geslagsraamwerk die toneelkarakters van die man te betree en te ontgin. Hierdie toetrede tot broekrolle (“breeches parts”) was nie noodwendig ’n poging om met die man op sy gebied te wedywer nie, maar kan toegeskryf word aan sosio-ekonomiese toestande, sowel as ’n natuurlike voorkeur vir ’n manlike identiteit. Die aktrise se voorkoms is en was nog altyd ’n bepalende faktor ten opsigte van die rolle waarin sy beset word. Dit is dus verstaanbaar dat sommige aktrises uit die aard van hulle ingesteldheid teenoor hul eie voorkoms die keuse maak om manskarakters te vertolk. Die gevolge van hierdie aanneming van manlike karakters is soms as sensasionele vertoon en selfverheerliking beskou, maar is steeds aanvaar binne die teaterkonvensies van sekere tydperke. Daarbenewens het dit die betrokke aktrises se aansien ten opsigte van hulle vaardighede op die verhoog en hul ekonomiese status positief beïnvloed. Die persoonlike gewaarwordinge wat ten opsigte van ’n vergelykende proses binne ’n Suid- Afrikaanse konteks gevolg is, sluit aan by die navorsing oor genoemde broekrolvertolkers. Daar is wel verskille, aangesien die geval van Ella/Max Gericke in As die Broek Pas, nie binne die tradisionele opset van die broekrol val nie, as gevolg van die dualiteit wat in die broekrol teenwoordig is, en dit as ’n hibriede karakter gesien kan word. Hierdie aspek leen hom tot kritiese selfevaluasie binne die gebruik van “performance” as navorsing – “situated knowledge”.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The debate about the validity of evolution versus creationism started long ago when Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species. Yet today the debate about this issue still engenders a lot of controversy – not only in South Africa, but also, and especially, in the United States. This study investigates articles and letters to the editor in an Afrikaans daily newspaper, Die Burger, over a certain period, and will look at the arguments for and against evolution and creationism. The fact that creationists – despite so much evidence to the contrary – pursue a form of pseudoscience by (sometimes) interpreting the Bible literally, and, amongst other things, deny the real age of the earth. There has never been an in-depth look at the public debate about evolution versus creationism in a South African newspaper. The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation into this particular debate in the media, with specific reference to correspondence in the letters pages of Die Burger, with regard to the possible influence which the debate about evolution and creationism in an Afrikaans daily newspaper might have on people’s consciousness regarding modern science. It will also explore how some individuals, often conservative believers, still cling to ancient viewpoints and which have repeatedly been disproved by science.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die debat oor die geldigheid van evolusie teenoor kreasionisme het lank gelede begin toe Charles Darwin sy werk The Origin of Species gepubliseer het. Tog ontlok die debat hieroor steeds groot kontroversie – nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar veral ook in Amerika. Hierdie studie kyk na beriggewing en briefwisseling in Die Burger oor ’n bepaalde tydperk en die argumente vir én teen evolusie en kreasionisme. Daar sal veral klem gelê word op die feit dat die kreasioniste – soveel bewyse ten spyt – ’n vorm van pseudowetenskap beoefen deur in sommige gevalle die Bybel letterlik te interpreteer, en onder meer die werklike ouderdom van die aarde ontken. Daar is nog nie voorheen indringend gekyk na die openbare debat oor evolusie versus kreasionisme in ’n koerant in Suid-Afrika nie. Die doel met hierdie studie is om ’n omvattende ondersoek te doen oor die debat in die media, met spesifieke verwysing na briefwisseling in Die Burger, ten opsigte van die moontlike invloed wat die debat oor evolusie en kreasionisme in ’n Afrikaanse dagblad op mense se bewussyn oor die moderne wetenskap kan hê. Daar word ook gekyk na hoe sommige mense, dikwels konserwatiewe gelowiges, steeds bly vasklou aan beskouinge wat lank reeds verouderd is en wat herhaaldelik deur die wetenskap verkeerd bewys is.

Thesis (DTh (Ecclesiology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
The central theme of this thesis is the historic unfolding of the concept of freedom of religion and its manifestation according to the canonical law of the Dutch Reformed Church since 1962. Two issues were considered, the first being the historic development of freedom of religion while the second issue concerns the status and understanding of freedom of religion since 1962 and the canonical implication for the Dutch Reformed Church between 1962 and 2007. The historic research into the origin of freedom of religion starts with the biblical view of the concept and gives a synopsis of the development until it reaches worldwide recognition as a fundamental constitutional right. Prior to the final understanding of the concept of freedom of religion, different forms and meanings were given to the concept. At first freedom of religion was historically developed and understood as a God-given right of every man. Later on, to protect the society from infringement of human and religious rights, it became necessary to establish freedom of religion worldwide as a recognized constitutional right. It is argued that freedom of religion is in fact the most fundamental right of all the human rights. The research shows the development of religious freedom in the Dutch Reformed Church between 1962 and 2007. From as far as 1652 the Christian religion was a privileged religion in South Africa. The privileged situation of the Dutch Reformed Church in its relation to the state made it unnecessary for them to discuss or define the concept of freedom of religion. Consequently the church gave silent consent to the state’s limited application of religious freedom. In and outside the church there was an ongoing debate that helped the church to formulate its role in religious freedom, which resulted in the document “Church and Society” (1986–1990). With the new Constitution of South Africa in 1996, a new situation developed for the Dutch Reformed Church as well as other churches. The church realized that it must define and take up its own legal position on religious freedom, which is guaranteed in the Constitution of South Africa. The church has the right to express their religious identity in a plural society. The relationship between church and state is expressed in matters such as conditions of employment, church property; matrimony, education, ordinances, religious organisation, etc. These are all issues of religious freedom that are guaranteed in the Constitution. The conclusion of this research will be helpful for churches and religious communities in their capacity of canonical as well as civil law. Religious communities must make optimum use of the provision made by the Constitution for freedom of religion.