Tesis sobre el tema "Dispositif photonique"
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Gaignebet, Nicolas. "Réalisation et caractérisation de puces de capteurs à cristaux photoniques : Vers un dispositif de biodétection intégré". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI128.
Texto completoThe needs for portable molecular analysis tools are growing, including in the fields of emergency care, early medical diagnosis, or food safety analysis. These needs lead to the development of performant biosensors, meeting the criteria of “Point-of-Care” (POC), that is, the detection in the field, whether at the patient’s place, the physician’s office, etc. POC sensors’ primary missions are to reduce the analysis time and cost, to allow for a quicker therapeutic decision. In addition, thanks to their portability, they can provide analysis availability in remote areas, far from hospitals or medical laboratories. The objective of this PhD work is to develop an optical sensing system, compatible with the POC criteria, and addressing the needs in terms of molecular screening. To meet these criteria, this sensing system should be portable, fast, low-cost, and able to detect multiple biomolecules in parallel on a disposable chip, while providing good sensing performances. The approach presented in this manuscript consists in a lens-less imaging system, exploiting photonic crystals on a silicon chip, with a normal incidence illumination by a low-cost light source. The main results of this PhD work are on one hand the demonstration of a specific detection of biomolecules, thanks to our photonic crystal sensors; and on the other hand the demonstration of the integration of an on-chip spectrometry functionality using photonic crystals, towards an application in lens-less imaging detection compatible with the POC criteria
Toullec, Alexis. "Dispositif d’aiguille fibrée pour la spectroscopie de fluorescence endogène de lésions mammaires et pulmonaires ex vivo et in vivo ; vers le développement d'une méthode d’ histopathologie in situ". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS154/document.
Texto completoThe third Cancer Plan, launched in 2013, identifies early diagnosis as one of the major challenges for improving patient care. Despite the growth in medical imaging modalities and performance, challenges remain in diagnosis aid and optimizing the use of biopsy.Photonic imaging and especially spectrally resolved fluorescence has already been tested for the ex vivo characterization of breast and lung tumors, without contrast agent or sample processing. Our goal is to characterize the capabilities of an innovative medical device, developed in the laboratory, using a low-caliber fibered needle for the spectral analysis of the endogenous fluorescence of these lesions in situ. Our early work in preclinical and clinical studies showed significant differences in spectral signatures between benign and malignant tumors ex vivo and in vivo. Our results also highlighted the limits the device, in terms of specificity, for certain types of lesions.Another study was conducted on mammary tumors in order to identify the major tissue entities at the origin of the spectral signatures obtained with our fibered device. Spectral imaging in confocal and second harmonic microscopy (SHG), in multiphoton, has been implemented in order to establish a mapping of endogenous biomarkers of mammary tissues. We compare its results with the data obtained with the fibered needle device in order to position it not only as an aid to diagnosis but also as a promising method for in situ histopathology
Milord, Laurent. "Dispositifs photoniques innovants pour le piégeage optique : Cavité étendue à double période et structure hybride cristal photonique-nano antenne". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI026/document.
Texto completoSince the first work on optical tweezers by Ashkin, a lot of efforts have been made to trap nanoparticles. However, optical tweezers are diffraction limited and can hardly trap particles below 200 nm. This limit can be overstepped using the optical gradient forces of an evanescent field generated and amplified by a photonic nano cavity. Nonetheless, this approach faces two major issues for applications: the trapping section is very small, making the capture of a Brownian motion animated particle very unlikely, and for the “ultimate” nano antennas with nanometric optical modes, their excitation from free space is not effective. The goal of this work is to overcome these two difficulties. To increase the trapping surface, we will first present a device using slow Bloch modes within a double period extended cavity designed in a photonic crystal made out of SOI. We will show that this approach allow for the trapping of 200, 100 and 75 nm particles on an extended surface of 5x5 µm² using a free space laser beam excitation. Secondly, we will investigate the free space excitation of nanometric structures. A photonic crystal – nano antenna mixed structure will be presented, where the photonic crystal is used as a photon pool for the nano antenna. This lead to a funnel effect where the light coming from a large free space laser beam (5µm wide) is focused into the nano antenna. The trapping of 100 nm particles will demonstrate the relevance of this approach
Durantin, Cédric. "Métamodélisation et optimisation de dispositifs photoniques". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4036/document.
Texto completoNumerical simulation is widely employed in engineering to study the behavior of a device and optimize its design. Nevertheless, each computation is often time consuming and, during an optimization sequence, the simulation code is evaluated a large number of times. An interesting way to reduce the computational burden is to build a metamodel (or surrogate model) of the simulation code. Adaptive strategies are then set up for the optimization of the component using the metamodel prediction. In the context of this thesis, three representative devices are identified for applications that can be encountered within the CEA LETI optics and photonics department. The study of these cases resulted in two problems to be treated. The first one concerns multifidelity metamodeling, which consists of constructing a metamodel from two simulations of the same component that can be hierarchically ranked in accuracy. The simulations are obtained from different approximations of the physical phenomenon. The work on this method for the case of the photoacoustic cell has generated the development of a new multifidelity surrogate model based on radial basis function. The second problem relate to the consideration of manufacturing uncertainties in the design of photonic devices. Taking into account the differences observed between the desired geometry and the geometry obtained in manufacturing for the optimization of the component efficiency requires the development of a particular method for the case of the adiabatic coupler. The entire work of this thesis is capitalized in a software toolbox
Gaufillet, Fabian. "Cristaux photoniques à gradient : dispositifs et applications". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112295.
Texto completoArtificially structured materials that are photonic crystals are commonly used for their dispersive properties. Their dielectric constant varies periodically across the wavelength in two or three directions with a sufficiently high index contrast. The resulting dispersion relation ω = ω(k) of the periodic variation has the form of a band structure within which there are photonic bandgaps in which the propagation of the electromagnetic field is prohibited. Outside of these bands, i.e. in the photonic band, there are the dispersion properties of the photonic crystals.The aim of this thesis is to design, fabricate and characterize graded photonic crystal devices. These devices were designed to be applied in areas ranging from microwaves to optics. We designed devices from photonic crystals with dispersive properties which make them similar to linear, homogeneous and isotropic media (LHI). In the unit cell of the LHI photonic crystal, we applied a gradient to achieve 1D graded lenses. Important results regarding the design, manufacturing and experimental characterization of a flat lens GRIN operating in X-band microwaves are deferred. This lens focuses an incident plane wave and collimates the wave emitted by a point source located in its focal plane. If this lens is itself a demonstrator and validates the approach implemented for the design, its potential applications particularly concern antennas. We also carry several 2D graded lenses including Lüneburg and Half Maxwell Fisheye lenses; their applications to the antennas are important. We are also interested in making optical graded index lenses called "SELFOC®".In order to confirm the remarkable dispersive properties that have been identified, we continued in that direction by revisiting a classic experiment that highlights the existence of evanescent waves: the "double right angle prism". We also highlight the phenomenon of "frustrated total internal reflection" and the shift discovered by Goos and Hänchen suffered by the reflected wave on the interface. It's these two points – frustrated total internal reflection and Goos-Hänchen effect - that we check in the case of LHI photonic crystals
Lepage, Dominic. "Dispositifs semi-conducteurs pour biodétection photonique et imagerie hyperspectrale". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6626.
Texto completoMeneghini, Chiara. "Dispositifs photoniques plans à base de verres chalcogénures". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51264.pdf.
Texto completoLi, Cheng. "Nouvelle filière nanotechnologique sur silicium poreux : Application à des dispositifs photoniques". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0033/these.pdf.
Texto completoPorous silicon is a very interesting material for biosensing applications : 1. It is a biocompatible material, 2. Its huge specific surface enhanced by many orders of magnitude the sensibility, 3. The refractive index could be easily and continuously tuned over a wide range. All these reasons make this material suitable for photonic devices. In a previous work, it has been shown that simple multiplayer devices could be used to realize a surface wave sensor that is by a least one order of magnitude more sensitive to equivalent surface plasmon devices. In this thesis, we want to go a step further by using photonic crystal structures. Using such structure, it is expected to increase the sensitivity and to realize more compact devices. However, etching a photonic crystal structure on porous silicon is a real technological challenge. The aim of this work is to confront this challenge
Pialat, Elodie. "Le Micro-usinage de dispositifs polymères à bande interdite photonique par faisceau d'ions". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/221048f5-8cc4-493d-9156-e51b053adce6/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0010.pdf.
Texto completo. The increase in the data transmission traffic imposes innovations. A solution considered is the Wavelenght Demultiplexing Method (WDM) Devices with photonic band gap lend themselves advantageously to the implementation of this technique, since they do not require any consumption of energy. Their manufacture in polymeric technology is the subject of this study. The first part of this work gives a progress report on the bands structures and on the electronic Valence Band Density Of State (VBDOS) of the organic materials use. The following part is devoted to comprehension of the physical phenomena related to the concept of crystal photonic, according to the models of : Yablonovitch and John. Then the theory of the plane waves expansion is developped and used to compute the photonic band gap structures. The 4th part is about the calculation and the manufacture of a focused ion beam machine, with a minimum beam diameter of 10nm, used to etch polymers. The last part exposes the conditions to etch 2D diffractive lattice in PMMA and CR39 according to the previously calculated dimensions
Chopin, Alexandre. "Photonic crystal sources of non-classical states of light". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP079.
Texto completoQuantum integrated photonics promises to bring quantum optics into a practical device. The primary objective of this area is to achieve scalable integration for various applications, including quantum computing, simulation, communication, and sensing. In a quantum circuit, photons, which are carriers of the quantum state, are generated, manipulated with linear and nonlinear components, and detected. The goal of this doctoral study is to contribute to the development of efficient and scalable sources of non-classical states of light, e.g: entanglement, single photons, and squeezing. To this purpose, we introduce a novel class of sources based on photonic crystal (PhC) resonators, and we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in terms of efficiency and footprint. PhC cavities have been considered for quantum optics without, however, achieving remarkable performances. Therefore, micro-disks and rings have been commonly used as sources for integrated quantum photonics. Encouraged by the successful demonstration of the first Optical Parametric Oscillations (OPO) using a PhC cavity, we explored the potential application of this technology in the field of quantum optics. Below the threshold, OPO generates correlated photon pairs through a spontaneous parametric process, specifically spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing (SFWM). In particular, OPOs have been commonly utilized for generating entangled photon pairs and squeezed states. It is crucial that the cavity contains three equispaced modes that match the frequencies of the interacting photons, as this ensures maximum efficiency. Two geometries of PhC cavities have been considered: Nanobeam and Bichromatic, both made of Indium Gallium Phosphide. The main result is the ultra-efficient generation of time-correlated photon pairs. This confirmed our expectations based on the ultra-low threshold of the PhC OPO. Considering the state-of-the-art, we show that efficiency scales with the interaction volume in the cavity. Therefore, the origin of the very large efficiency is the very small volume of the PhC cavities. Moreover, this also implies a much-reduced footprint on the chip, which helps scalability. We have further characterized the properties of the generated photons, in particular time-energy entanglement, heralded single photons, and the emission of photon pairs in time-bins, an essential step towards demonstrating time-bin entanglement. Additionally, preliminary steps towards the generation of two-mode squeezed states have been undertaken. Besides, we have also considered the classical dynamics above OPO threshold by sampling its parameter space by performing measurements on a large number of devices. This allowed us to set a condition for OPO operation in agreement with a model highlighting the limiting role of non-linear absorption. We also revealed potential instabilities in the OPO operation. Finally, we started to address the question of scalability by performing a statistical analysis of over 650 cavities to study the impact of fabrication tolerances. So, we have demonstrated PhC cavity quantum sources with an exceptional level of efficiency. This suggests a promising new approach for the development of scalable sources within quantum integrated circuits
Touraton, Marie-Léonor. "Epitaxie directe de semiconducteurs III-V sur substrat de silicium pour dispositifs photoniques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT010.
Texto completoDue to the increased demand for performance in terms of data transmission, silicon photonicshas become a new paradigm. However, other fields of applications, such as biophotonicsand autonomous driving systems for instance, take advantage of this approach. In order tomeet this demand for circuits with integrated optical interconnections, this work shows thepossibility of integrating an optical source directly on a silicon platform. The technologicalbricks enabling the integration of light sources, emitting from the red region of the spectra tothe L band, by selective epitaxy of various III-V materials is studied. The integration of III-Vmaterials stacks in the form of ridges is therefore demonstrated for various wavelength ranges.A first version of electrically pumped components, here ribbon diodes, on GaAs and siliconsubstrates were manufactured and characterized
Nguyên, Lâm Duy. "Contribution à l'étude d'un oscillateur opto-électronique micro-ondes : applications fondées sur une variation de sa fréquence". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763289.
Texto completoThe optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) proposed for the first time in 1994 by S. Yao and L. Maleki was the first microwave oscillator including a very long optical fiber and leading to a very high spectral quality. In this thesis we have focused our work on the possible applications of the OEO, a domain which is still not widely explored. The main idea is to study controlled variations of the oscillation frequency and to show the feasibility. Of corresponding applications. Two possibilities will be developed in order to act on the signal phase shift and hence on the oscillation frequency. The first one is based on a change of the global optical path of the system. After showing the sensitivity of the system to a variation of the loop length, we have applied this principle for measuring of the refractive index of some chemical solutions leading to an estimated accuracy of five to one thousand. Improving this first realization could lead to gain one magnitude order. For the second method, the optical signal at the output of the fiber is divided into two equivalent parts. By setting a variation of the signal amplitude in one of these two paths it is possible to change the global phase shift after the electronic combining. The first technique is based on a semi-conductor optical amplifier leading to the realization of a voltage controlled OEO whose properties are underlined by implementing a frequency modulation with a modulation index up to 5. 4. The second technique is based on using a circulator terminated by an optical fiber interferometer. With a compensation of the thermal effects it is possible to measure for example the absorption coefficient of some liquids
Abel, Stefan. "Dispositifs électro-optiques à base de titanate de baryum épitaxié sur silicium pour la photonique intégrée". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT004/document.
Texto completoA novel concept of utilizing electro-optical active oxides in silicon photonic devices is developed and realized in the frame of this thesis. The integration of such oxides extends the silicon photonics platform by non-linear materials, which can be used for ultra-fast switching or low-power tuning applications. Barium titanate is used as active material as it shows one of the strongest Pockels coefficients among all oxides. Three major goals are achieved throughout this work: First, thin films of BaTiO3 are epitaxially grown on silicon substrates via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using thin SrTiO3 buffer layers. A shuttered co-deposition growth technique is developed in order to minimize the formation of defects in the BaTiO3 films by achieving a 1:1 stoichiometry between barium and titanium. The layers show a tetragonal symmetry and are therefore well-suited for electro-optical applications. The orientation of the long c -axis of the BaTiO3 crystal can be tuned to point perpendicular or parallel to the film surface, depending on the growth conditions. In addition, thin MBE-grown seed layers are combined with rf-sputter deposition. With this hybrid growth approach, rather thick ( > 100 nm), epitaxial BaTiO3 layers on silicon substrates are obtained with a commercially available, wide spread deposition technique. As a second goal, a strong Pockels coefficient of reff = 148 pm/V is determined in the epitaxial BaTiO3 films. This first experimental result on the electro-optical activity of BaTiO3 layers on silicon shows a clear enhancement compared to alternative non-linear materials such as lithium niobate with reff = 31 pm/V. By means of the electro-optical characterization method, also the presence of ferroelectricity in the films is demonstrated. Third, the electro-optical active BaTiO3 layers are embedded into silicon photonic devices. For this purpose, a horizontal slot-waveguide structure with a ~50 nm-thick BaTiO3 film sandwiched between two silicon layers is designed. With this design, the optical confinement in the active BaTiO3 layer is enhanced by a factor of 5 compared to Si-waveguide structures with a standard cross section and BaTiO3 as cladding. Straight BaTiO3 slot-waveguides with propagation losses of 50 − 100 dB/cm as well as functional passive devices such as Mach-Zehnder-interferometers, couplers, and ring resonators are experimentally realized. Additionally, first active ring resonators with Q-factors of Q~5000 are fabricated. The physical origin of the observed resonance shift as a function of the applied bias voltage, however, can not be conclusively clarified in the present work. The combination of high-quality, functional BaTiO3 layers with silicon photonic devices as demonstrated in this thesis offers new opportunities by extending the design palette for engineering photonic circuits with the class of electro-opticalactive materials. The integration of oxides such as BaTiO3 enables novel device concepts for tuning, switching, and modulating light in extremely dense photonic circuits. The integration also opens exciting challenges for material scientists to tailor the electro-optical properties of those oxides by strain engineering or fabrication of superlattice structures, which could ultimately lead to another boost of their electro-optical properties
Itawi, Ahmad. "Dispositifs photoniques hybrides sur Silicium comportant des guides nano-structurés : conception, fabrication et caractérisation". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112363/document.
Texto completoThis work contributes to the general context of III-V materials on Silicon hybrid devices for optical integrated functions, mainly emission/amplification at 1.55µm. Devices are considered for operation under electrical injection, reaching performances relevant for data transfer application. The main three contributions of this work concern: (i) bonding InP-based materials on Si, (ii) nanostructuration of the Si guiding layer for spatial and spectral control of the guided mode and (iii) technology of an hybrid electrically injected laser, with a special attention to the thermal budget. Bonding has been investigated following two approaches. The first one we call heterohepitaxial or oxide-free bonding, is performed without any intermediate layer at a temperature ~450°C. This approach has the great advantage allowing electrical transport across the interface, as reported in the literature. We have developed oxide-free surface preparation for both materials, mainly InP-based layers, and established bonding parameter processing. An in-depth STEM and RX structural characterization has demonstrated an oxide-free reconstructed interface without any dislocation except on one or two atomic layers which accommodate the large lattice mismatch (8.1%) between InP and Si. Photoluminescence of quantum wells intentionally grown close to the interface has shown no degradation. We have also developed an oxide-based bonding process operated at 300°C in order to be compatible with CMOS processing. The original ozone activation of the very thin (~5nm) oxide layer we have proposed demonstrates a bonding surface without any unbonded area due to degassing under annealing. We have developed an original method based on nanoindentation characterization in order to obtain a quantitative and local value of the surface bonding energy. Related to the absence or to the very thin intermediate layer between the two materials, our modal design is based on a double core structure, where most of the optical mode is confined in the Si guiding layer, and no taper is required. The Si waveguide on top of the SOI stack is a shallow ridge. A nanostructured material on both sides of the waveguide core ensures the lateral confinement, the nanostructuration geometry being at a sub-wavelength period in order to operate this material well below its photonic gap. It behaves as an uniaxial material with ordinary and extraordinary indices calculated according to the structuration geometry. Such a structuration allows modal and spectral control of the guided mode. 3D modal and spectral simulation have been performed. We have demonstrated, on a double-period structuration, a wavelength selective operation of hybrid optical waveguides. Such a double-period geometry could be included in a laser design for DFB operation. This nanostructuration has larger potential application such as coupled waveguides arrays or selective resonators. We have developed all the technological processing steps for an electrically injected hybrid laser fabrication. Main developments concern dry etching, performed with the Inductive Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching ICP-RIE technique of both the nanostructuration of the Silicon material, and the mesa of the hybrid laser. Efficient electrical contacts fabrication is also a complex step. First lasers operating performances could be improved. We have investigated a specific design in order to overcome the thermal penalty encountered by all the hybrid devices. This penalty is due to the thick buried oxide layer of the SOI stack that prevents heating related to the current flow to be dissipated. Taking advantage of the electrical transport we have shown at the oxide-free interface, we propose a design where the n-contact is defined on the guiding Si layer, suppressing thermal heating under electrical operation. Such an approach is very promising for densely packed hybrid devices integrated with associated electronic driving elements on Si
Hijazi, Khalil. "Contribution à l’optimisation du couplage Erbium – Nanograins de silicium pour des dispositifs photoniques compacts". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2056.
Texto completoThis study focuses on the erbium doped nanostructured semi-conductors materials, innovative and compatible with the Si technology to develop photonic devices such as waveguide, optical amplifiers, and laser. The development of such devices is linked to the enhancement of the optic communications rate in the metropolitan network, but also to promote microelectronic and photonic functions on the same chips. Such applications are made possible due to the beneficial effects of silicon nanoclusters in erbium doped silica layer. After an excitation by a beam laser, the silicon nanocluster in its excited state transfers efficiently its energy to the surrounding erbium ions, for which the desexcitation is followed by the emission of photon at 1. 54 mu. M. This later is the standard wavelength of the telecommunications. Thanks to this coupling Si-Er, the effective excitation cross section of Er ions is increased by about five orders of magnitude. Such an effect is a promoter for the applications mentioned above. This work has therefore consisted in fabricating Er doped-Si-SiO2 thin layers by RF confocal magnetron co-sputtering and in the optimization of the Si-Er coupling. The effects of the deposition parameters on the microstructure and the optical properties of the deposited layers have been deeply studied. At the end, I succeeded to couple 30% of the Er ions to Si nanoclusters. Optical and electrical devies have been tested and studied
Kusiaku, Koku. "Micro-dispositifs accordables pour la conversion de fréquences optiques". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777701.
Texto completoSara, Rahmani. "Fabrication et caractérisation de dispositifs photoniques en verre hybride synthétisé par voie de sol-gel". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/MQ38708.pdf.
Texto completoSalomoni, David. "Ecriture toute optique de dispositifs spintroniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY008.
Texto completoThe evolution of computer memory has led to a multilevel hierarchy, balancing speed, storage density, and cost. As Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) memory limits are approached, interest grows in nonvolatile alternatives like Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM). Although perpendicular spin transfer torque (p-STT-MRAM) is already in production, alternative technologies such as spin orbit torque (SOT) are explored for high-speed and fast cache operation. However, SOT has drawbacks, such as a larger bit-cell area and the need for an applied magnetic field for deterministic switching. In the pursuit of faster, more efficient memory, all-optical switching (AOS) technology seeks to achieve magnetization reversal through energy-efficient ultrafast writing with single-femtosecond laser pulses.This Ph.D. thesis addresses the objective of merging helicity-independent HI-AOS with MRAM devices. The materials investigated are rare-earth transition-metal multilayer systems, with a particular focus on Tb/Co-based structures. Through a combination of experimental investigations and numerical simulations, we unraveled the intricate dynamics of HI-AOS and used them to develop functional nanometer-sized AOS Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (AOS-MTJs). These results not only deepen our understanding of HI-AOS but also explore its applications in non-volatile data storage and energy-efficient computation at the nanoscale.The exploration of HI-AOS in thin films of rare-earth transition metal multilayer systems lays the foundation for reliable magnetization toggle reversal, exploring the response to different pulse durations and fluences. Key new findings include the observation of concentric rings with opposite magnetic orientations and the independence of fluence on pulse duration, challenging existing paradigms. A hypothesis emphasizing the role of local anisotropy decrease that favors a precessional type of HI-AOS is introduced.The development of a macrospin model, incorporating Two-Temperature Model (2TM) principles, explains the precession-driven switching mechanism observed in the Tb/Co-based multilayer system. Simulations reveal dynamics influenced by parameters such as Gilbert damping, anisotropy tilt angle, and the quality factor Q. Atomistic simulations further validate the model's predictions, emphasizing the significance of temperature-dependent magnetization and anisotropy effects in the HI-AOS process.Practical applications require the fabrication and electrical characterization of MTJ devices. Optimization of Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) values, reaching a maximum value of 74%, a significant improvement over previous demonstrations. The thesis main achievement was demonstrating field-free HI-AOS on 100 nm diameter patterned [Tb/Co] p-MTJ devices, using 50 fs laser pulses with an estimated absorbed energy of approximately 68.6 fJ per bit reversal. The research not only contributes to our understanding of HI-AOS but also opens future research paths. Recommendations for future directions include using atomistic and LLB models for a more comprehensive understanding, exploring alternative materials beyond Tb/Co, investigating deterministic switching using Spin Transfer Torque, and addressing device variability challenges.The thesis offers a comprehensive exploration of HI-AOS, from its fundamental mechanisms to practical applications in nonvolatile data storage and energy-efficient computation. The optimized TMR values and successful demonstration of AOS in nanopatterned devices are a first step toward a new memory technology. The use of both experimental and simulated methods strengthens the importance of the obtained results for further progress in this area.In summary, this doctoral research not only has expanded the knowledge of helicity-independent all-optical switching but has also laid the foundation for innovative applications in nanoscale technology
Akalin, Tahsin. "Dispositifs de propagation, de filtrage et de rayonnement électromagnétiques basés sur les structures périodiques". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-385.pdf.
Texto completoEl, Kurdi Moustafa. "Dispositifs à îlots de GeSi pour la microphotonique proche infrarouge sur silicium". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112148.
Texto completoThis work is devoted to the study of near infrared optical devices with GeSi/Si self-assembled islands whose growth is compatible with standard silicon fabrication. The first chapter relates to the theoretical study of the holes states in the SiGe/Si heterostructures with the k. P method. It contains a description of a model with 14 bands which include exactly the influence of the first two conduction bands on the valence band. We show the refinement which the 14 bands model gives compared to the 6 bands model usually applied to these systems. We compare the two models within the framework of the calculation of the valence band states and the dipoles of optical transition from a quantum well of Si0. 5Ge0. 5 constrained on silicon. The differences obtained between the two models make it possible to consider a margin of error to be taken into account when using the 6 bands model for the SiGe/Si heterostructures. The second chapter presents an experiment of photocurrent on structures using p-i-n diode with GeSi/Si islands like absorbing materials at wavelengths higher than the threshold of transparency of silicon (1. 1 [mu]m). The p-i-n structures are inserted in Si0. 98Ge0. 02/Si or SOI waveguides. We give the spectral response of the photodiodes for the two types of waveguide. The best external response obtained at 300 K and without applied fiel are of 55 mA/W and 0. 25 mA/W at the wavelengths of 1. 3 [mu]m and 1. 55 [mu]m respectively. These measurements of photoresponse are compared with those of the interbanded absorption of the islands. The third chapter presents an experiment of electromodulation at 300 K of the interband and intraband absorption of the islands layers by modulating the carriers density electrically there. For that we used the p-i-n structure inserted in the Si0. 98Ge0. 02/Si waveguide. The study of the modulation depth of the intraband absorption, associated to a transition from the ground states of the islands to the continuum states of the wetting layer made it possible to determine an Auger recombination coefficient of 1. 6 x 10^-30 cm^6s^(-1) for the islands. The final chapter is devoted to the study of the emission of the islands inserted into two-dimensional photonic crystals microcavities on SOI. We observe by microphotoluminescence a strong increase in luminescence to the wavelengths 1. 3-1. 55 [mu]m which is associated to a sublinearity of its evolution according to the power of optical pumping. This strong increase is correlated with a space localization of the carriers in the microcavities. We present new prospects for integration of the islands for the realization of microsources for the vertical emission and like internal sources at components with two-dimensional photonic silicon crystals. Key words: k. P calculation, electronic structure, GeSi/Si nanostructures, photodetection, electroabsorption, microphotoluminescence, photonic crystals, waveguides, microcavities
Matthia, Tomasz. "Effets optiques non linéaires dans des dispositifs nanostructurés multi-résonants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP009.
Texto completoThis thesis is a theoretical and experimental study of non-linear nanostructured devices. Non-linear nanostructures enable the properties of incident light to be modified by non-linear optical effects, which are very weak in natural materials. The study focuses in particular on structures designed in "metal-insulator-metal" (MIM) architecture and operating in the infrared and terahertz spectral ranges. The first objective of this thesis is to develop new simulation methods for non-linear optical effects in this type of nanostructures. These numerical tools will then be used to design efficient non-linear devices. The nanostructures are produced using nanofabrication techniques and are based on plasmonic or dielectric resonances, which enable light to be concentrated in sub-wavelength volumes, thus increasing the amplitude of the non-linear effects. The third objective of this thesis is to characterise them using an experimental test bench. This report first presents the results of work aimed at implementing efficient nanostructures for second-harmonic generation (SHG). The discussion covers both the theoretical viewpoint of efficient SHG conversion and the experimental realisations. The devices described in this report have enabled SHG conversion efficiencies to be increased by several orders of magnitude for this type of nanostructure in the infrared. Next, we will study another frequency conversion phenomenon, difference-frequency generation (DFG). The chapter devoted to this non-linear optical effect provides an opening towards the creation of efficient nanostructured converters emitting in the terahertz range. Finally, the report presents the numerical methods carried out for third-order non-linear effects such as third-harmonic generation (THG) and the optical Kerr effect. This thesis is part of the work aimed at finding optimised techniques for realising efficient non-linear nanostructured devices using non-linear phenomena such as SHG, DFG, THG and the optical Kerr effect
Lemaire, Matthieu. "Validation des calculs d'échauffements photoniques en réacteur d'irradiation au moyen du programme expérimental AMMON et du dispositif CARMEN". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4072/document.
Texto completoThe Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) is the next MTR under construction at CEA Cadarache research center. The JHR will be a major research infrastructure for the test of structural material and fuel behavior under irradiation.To be up to the challenges set by the JHR, It is necessary to validate photon-heating calculation tools (calculation codes and the European nuclear-data JEFF3.1.1 library) for specific use in the JHR. This topic is handled with a three-prong work plan. The first part consisted in quantifying the calculation bias due to the JEFF3.1.1 nuclear-data library on JHR photon-heating calculations. This work relies on the interpretation, with the TRIPOLI-4 code, of heating measurements carried out in the EOLE critical mock-up at CEA Cadarache.The second part of this work is dedicated to the determination of photon-heating calculation biases linked to the approximations of calculation schemes. The calculation / calculation comparison between different Monte Carlo codes highlights the importance of charged-particle transport for heating calculations.The third part of this work consisted in providing calculation / measurement comparisons for heating measurements carried out in the OSIRIS reactor with a prototype of the CARMEN device. The CARMEN device aims at measuring neutron flux, photon flux and nuclear heating simultaneously in the different experimental locations of JHR. In conclusion, this work brings forth validation elements for JHR photon-heating calculations. These elements are already taken into account for the estimation of biases and uncertainties associated with photon-heating calculations for JHR performance and safety studies
Danglot, Jérôme Lippens Didier Vanbésien Olivier. "Dispositifs microondes et optiques à base de matériaux à gaps de photon". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2001-113-114.pdf.
Texto completoGuillermain, Elisa. "Dispositifs nanophotoniques à ondes de surface en silicium poreux : technologie et application à la bio-détection". Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0079/these.pdf.
Texto completoAn important effort is currently made in order to improve the chemical and biological sensing devices. These sensors need more and more sensitivity and miniaturization for being used in the sectors of health, environment, and food-processing. We show an alternative to the most popular passive optical bio-sensors, the surface Plasmon devices (evanescent waves in a thin metallic layer). The detection device proposed is a one-dimensional photonic crystal, made with porous silicon, which have surface states. Those states have two major advantages compared to the plasmonic devices, which leads to a greater sensitivity: - The wide wavelength range allows the use with optical losses really smaller than the metallic ones. - The specific surface of the porous material is several order of magnitude superior than the plasmonic devices one. The aim of this PhD was to develop the porous silicon technology for the realization and the demonstration of a bio-detection device. The sensitivity, amplified thanks to the huge specific surface area of the porous silicon, lead to a coupling angle shift of 20° after a bio-molecule grafting of 10 nm. As a comparison, for an equivalent non-porous device, the coupling angle shift would be of 0,75° for the same grafting
Guillermain, Elisa Benyattou Taha Lysenko Vladimir S. "Dispositifs nanophotoniques à ondes de surface en silicium poreux technologie et application à la bio-détection /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=guillermain.
Texto completoDanglot, Jérôme. "Dispositifs microondes et optiques à base de matériaux à gaps de photon". Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-113-114.pdf.
Texto completoBoisbouvier, Nicolas. "Application des matériaux à Bande Interdite Photonique (BIP) pour la conception d'antennes et dispositifs associés destinés aux réseaux domestiques sans fils". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10164.
Texto completoNguyen, Lâm Duy. "Contribution à l'étude d'un oscillateur opto-électronique micro-ondes : applications fondées sur une variation de sa fréquence". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763289.
Texto completoHenneghien, Anne-Line. "Étude et optimisation de l’émission et de l’extraction de lumière des nanofils semiconducteurs grand gap : application à des dispositifs électroluminescents". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY072.
Texto completoThe current blue or white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are constituted by planar layers of GaN. The use of the nanowires as active layer is a hard and new concept which brings numerous potential advantages and revolutionizes the rules of LED design. This thesis deals with the light emission and extraction of nanowire structures made of wide band gap semi-conductors such as GaN or ZnO. The issue is to understand and to optimize the processes of extraction with the aim of a LED use. We were more particularly interested in three nanowire organizations attractive for the extraction. The first concept concerns nanowires which are enough separated to be considered as isolated. The emission properties of these structures are mainly controlled by the competition between localized resonance (whispering gallery modes) and guided modes which channel and propagate the spontaneous emission towards the nanowires ends. Our second contribution concerns the study of ensembles of small dense nanowires. Goniometry experiments on GaN nanowires made by MBE put in evidence the interest of a nanowires modelling by an effective anisotropic medium. The simulations of the extraction of these devices on silicon substrate are very promising for the creation of efficient and low cost LEDs. Perspectives on nanowires use in periodic organized array so as to realize a photonic crystal are the third part of the thesis. A numerical model allowed suggesting rules of arrays design
Henneghien, Anne-Line. "Étude et optimisation de l'émission et de l'extraction de lumière des nanofils semiconducteurs grand gap : application à des dispositifs électroluminescents". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558359.
Texto completoPigeon, Simon. "Fluides Quantiques et Dispositifs à Polaritons". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597945.
Texto completoOlivier, Serge. "Utilisation de dispositifs d'optique guidée pour des applications en imagerie haute résolution". Phd thesis, Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/8fdbdecc-354b-49d2-b92f-eac12e773229/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4064.pdf.
Texto completoDuring my thesis work, I realized 2 systems dedicated to high resolution imaging. * MAFL : interferometer with 3 arms which have imaging capabilities by coherence analysis. The exclusive use of guided and integrated optic components for the field transportation and the recombination part permit to validate the concept of a spatialisable interferometer using a nanometric servoloop control. * Hypertelescope : theoretical optimization of the apertures configuration, and realisation of a temporal hypertelescope to image exoplanets. The theoretical principle was validated by the first measurements without servoloop, and the optimization results was osberved
Olivier, Serge. "Utilisation de dispositifs d'optique guidée pour des applications en imagerie haute résolution". Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714789.
Texto completoGaridel, Sophie. "Fabrication de réseaux de Bragg particuliers par lithographie électronique : application à la réalisation de dispositifs photoniques et optoélectroniques sur matériaux de la filière InP". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-139.pdf.
Texto completoBourdin, Marie. "Poudres et films à base d'oxyde de tungstène WO3 pour applications photoniques : photochromisme et électrochromisme". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0013.
Texto completoIn this study, polyol synthesis is used in order to obtain nanostructured tungsten oxides with a slight oxygen sub-stoichiometry (WO3-x). The particles obtained are blue and have interesting optical properties due to the presence of W5+ ions. The heat treatments of these particles at different temperatures or under different atmospheres allow the modification of their chemical composition and so their optical properties, therefore their color; their hue is ranging from pale yellow for compounds annealed under an oxidizing atmosphere and having only W6+ ions, to black for particles annealed under a reducing atmosphere creating free electrons. Electrochromic and photochromic properties have been characterized on thick or thin films. Thus, the thick films of blue, black and yellow particles show different electroactivities when an electric current is applied. The study of the thin films of WO3-x and “sandwich” film of WO3-x + Ta2O5 reveals an astonishing capacity of our films to absorb in the near infrared range during the photoreduction of the W6+ ions into W5+ ions under UV irradiation. The absorption curves show that photochromism is associated with three absorption phenomena of different energies for the WO3-x film and two phenomena for the “sandwich” film. The study on the reversibility of the phenomenon has also shown a very good ability of our films to reoxidize (discolour) in the ambient air without any thermal or chemical treatment
Bélier, Benoît. "Développement de micro-leviers à fonctions optiques intégrées pour la microscopie à effet tunnel photonique et la microconnexion optique". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20145.
Texto completoMaulion, Geoffrey. "Conception, fabrication et caractérisation de composants photoniques innovants appliqués à la détection de gaz". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS063/document.
Texto completoFor about a decade, gas detection has known a tremendous interest, due to several reasons: environmental issues, public health, people and building safety, etc... This trend, triggered a spectacular and sustainable need of gas detection means improvement and development, which has grown with both standards sophistication and scope extension. As a matter of fact, the number of research projects related to this particular topic increased: PEPS ANR project, begun in 2010, is one of them. This research project, which is the acronym of Pellet Photonique Sensor, aim at developing a photonic multigas detection system based on thermo-optical effect, thanks to the combination of on one hand, catalitic nanopowders which react selectively with the target gas (hydrogen or carbon monoxide) and on the other hand, an high sensitive to refractive index variations planar photonic component. This thesis manuscript mostly treats of the photonic component design (choice and optimization)
Sakr, Salam. "Dispositifs intersousbandes à base de nitrures d’éléments III du proche infrarouge au THz". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112207/document.
Texto completoIntersubband devices based on III-nitrides have interesting properties for optoelectronics and photonics applications in the infrared. The heterostructures of these materials have a large conduction band offset of 1.75 eV and therefore allow covering the whole infrared electromagnetic spectral range. Furthermore, these materials are characterized by extremely short ISB relaxation times and are, consequently, potential candidates for the development of ultrafast optoelectronic devices at the fiber optics telecommunication wavelengths for fiber optics or for free space communication. On the other hand, thanks to the large LO phonon energy in these materials, these heterostructures offer the possibility of fabricating compact THz lasers operating at room temperature. In this context, I firstly present in this manuscript a theoretical and an experimental study of the electronic transport in simple AlGaN/GaN heterostructures namely resonant tunneling diodes and more complex structures such as multi-quantum wells based on III-nitrides. The modeling of the transport in RTDs shows the dependency of the current resonances on the sign of the applied voltage as well as the height of the double barrier. I also demonstrate that the experimentally observed electrical instabilities in these devices are due to the defects in the material. In the multiple quantum well structures, I give the first evidence of reproducible resonant tunneling transport. In chapter 3, I propose and develop several principles of quantum cascade detectors in the near infrared between 1 and 2 μm operating at room temperature. I demonstrate, using time-resolved bias-lead monitoring technique, that they are intrinsically very fast (picosecond). I also develop micro - QCD devices that have a -3 dB cut-off frequency beyond 40 GHz. The design of QCDs operating at longer wavelengths is discussed. In the last part of the manuscript, I present a spectroscopic study of GaN superlattices with ISB transitions in the far-infrared. I show that the utilization of step quantum wells allows to tune the ISB absorption frequency to the THz. I finally present the first demonstration of the intersubband electroluminescence from 2 to 9 THz in these structures
Thouras, Jordan. "Amélioration des performances électriques d’un module de mélange optoélectronique privilégiant des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs : Applications dans les charges utiles de satellites". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0127/document.
Texto completoNowadays, Satellite telecommunications are becoming very popular and the number of subscribers worldwide is always growing. Wherever the optical fiber cannot be deployed, they are a reliable way to provide very high data rates to the users, whose activities are becoming more and more bandwidth-hungry (HD video, video conferencing, downloading, cloud computing, online games ...). They also guarantee very large coverage areas. In order to follow the market needs satellite payload designers have to increase the number of on-board equipment, which affects the volume and mass of the systems and therefore the launching cost. One of the solutions to solve the problem consists in using optical technologies. It has been demonstrated by Thales Alenia Space that In the case of a reference signal distribution system for 64 devices, a weight reduction of about 70% could be obtained. In this context we have developed 7 RF frequencydown-converters based on photonic semiconductor components. The down-converters are key components of satellite payloads, as their aim is to isolate uplink transmissions (ground to satellite) and downlink (satellite to ground) to avoid interference. Performance of the 7 architectures, incorporating electro-absorption modulators (EAM) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) were evaluated through various simulations and by calculating the conversion gain, noise figure, RF/IF and LO/IF isolations, the C/I3 ratio and the coordinates of the third order intercept point. We obtained interesting results, first data for futur works,and showed that these converters are compatible with many frequency plans in Ku/Ku, ku+/Ku, and Ka/Ka bands. Manipulations were also led and validated the theoretical models used in simulations
Blanchet, David. "Développements méthodologiques et qualification de schémas de calcul pour la modélisation des échauffements photoniques dans les dispositifs expérimentaux du futur réacteur d'irradiation technologique Jules Horowitz (RJH)". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689995.
Texto completoWen, Yida. "Étude d'un système d'éclairage surfacique à géométrie planaire". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112181.
Texto completoAn auto-embedded 3D holographic system requires the development of a surface lighting integrateddevice to generate a coherent, directional and uniform lighting beam. Up to now, the realization of this type ofsystem is based on the conventional optical components such as lenses and mirrors. The objective of this thesis isto propose an ultra-compact solution by using the nanotechnologies, in order to realize coherent, directional and uniform light emitting at 633 nm on a large surface in replacing the bulky optical components by a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). In the beginning of the thesis, we present the automotive applications of optics and photonics, and then introduce to the integrated planar structure, which is expected to illuminate the holographic system. We present then our interest of developing silicon nitride waveguides-based PICs, which can be operated in the visible range, as required for the mentioned application. The realized research work on the Si₃N₄ waveguides for the light propagation at 633 nm are then detailed. At first, we introduce the theoretical methods for the analysis of the guided modes and present the calculated indexes of the 1D and 2D modes, which are used to design the single-mode rectangular waveguide. At last, we present exhaustively our theoretical study and simulation work to define some targeted PICs, as the 1 × N beam splitter and the bent waveguides. Then weintroduce the fabrication of the predetermined SiO₂ cladded Si₃N₄ waveguide samples, which have a cross-section size about 250 nm × 300 nm. We present main processes of the fabrication in cleanroom, including the deposition of the dielectric layers by using PECVD, the electron beam lithography (EBL) and the reactive ionicetching (RIE). The fabrication of waveguides has been evaluated and analyzed, in order to optimize the fabrication process. Finally, we present the waveguide’s characterization set-up and the measurement results ofthe optical losses. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the coupling effect from a guidedphotonic mode to a plasmonic mode supported by a guiding structure, which consists of a metallic nanoparticle(Au or Ag) chain deposited on top of the Si₃N₄ rectangular waveguide. The state of the art and the theoretical study are firstly introduced. Then we present the numerical simulation results of the coupling efficiency as a function of nanoparticle’s sizes and operation wavelength in this photonic-plasmonic coupled waveguide system
Douix, Maurin. "Etude de l'intégration d'un composant capacitif pour la modulation haut débit et basse consommation dans une plateforme photonique sur silicium". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS127/document.
Texto completoGlobal datacenter data exchange is exponentially growing and silicon photonics is the key answer, thanks to high production volume, at low cost and high yield. Today, energy consumption is a new challenge highlighted by network densification. Capacitive modulators address a specific reduction of the power dedicated to the photonic circuit emitter for light intensity modulation. Design and integration of capacitive modulators are carried out during this thesis. It consists of inserting a dielectric insulator within the optical waveguide center, in order to shape a capacitance with a silicon/ oxide/poly-silicon stack in accumulation regime. A first device is made up of an horizontal insulator stacked between the semiconductors. A second device type comprises a vertical insulator in the center of a slot rib waveguide. The first fabrication release demonstrates device feasibility within STMicroelectronics industrial platform. Characterization results of the first device type from C2N, CEA-LETI and STMicroelectronics evaluate the trade-offs between efficiency - featured by capacitive modulators - insertion losses and bandwidth. 3 dB/mm insertion losses are measured, including 0.5 dB/mm poly-silicon absorption only. 2 dB extinction ratio through 700 µm is evaluated on a 10 Gb/s eye diagram, thanks to a VpLp =5.5 V.mm at 15 nm oxide thickness (1.2 pF/mm). Capacitive modulator power consumption is eventually optimized for 1 pJ/bit at 0.9 Vpp
Rabbani-Haghighi, Hadi. "Nouveaux matériaux et architectures de dispositifs pour les lasers organiques à l'état solide". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643467.
Texto completoChander, Bhan Chander Bhan. "Photonics-based environmental sensors for automotive air quality monitoring". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0120.
Texto completoThis thesis explores photonic integrated circuit (PIC) devices based on a silicon nitride (SiN) platform, focusing on their potential for airborne particle detection, a key component of air quality index (AQI) sensors. The bulk sensitivity of the ring resonators (MRR) in these devices enables detection of low particle concentrations, while the optical forces enable size-specific trapping of particles. To address the challenges of trapping dielectric particles smaller than 100 nm, this research explores various photonic structures, including dielectric waveguides, higher-order mode (HOM) resonators and hybrid plasmonic waveguides. The study includes their design, fabrication and compatibility with industrial platforms such as STMicroelectronics' DAPHNE. Optical force analysis, using methods such as Maxwell's stress tensor (MST) and discrete dipole approximation (DDA), provides a rigorous framework for optimizing the design and evaluating different structures.The findings underscore the potential of HOM waveguides and hybrid plasmonic waveguides for advanced optical trapping and AQI sensing, paving the way for innovative approaches to environmental monitoring applications
Crunteanu, Aurelian. "Conception et développement de dispositifs et matériaux innovants pour la microélectronique et l'optique". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Limoges, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054499.
Texto completoVedraine, Sylvain. "Intégration de nanostructures plasmoniques au sein de dispositifs photovoltaïques organiques : étude numérique et expérimentale". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799088.
Texto completoRegrettier, Thomas. "Modulateurs de lumière à commande optique composés d'une couche photovoltaïque organique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD038.
Texto completoThe performances of liquid crystals (LCs) based optically addressed Spatial Light Modulators (OASLMs) strongly depends on the photosensitive layer properties. To accommodate device transparency, lateral resolution and low cost production, organic semiconductors appear as the ideal candidates. We chose to use a P3HT: PCBM blend as the photosensitive layer. Our results showed that the liquid crystals reorient according to the luminous intensity alone and without external power supply. Additional measurements indicate that the photovoltaic effect is at the origin of this phenomenon. This type of device allowed spatial modulation of the LCs orientation and demonstrates its potential in holographic applications. A second type of device integrating interfacial layers of PEIE and PEDOT: PSS allowed us to control the orientation of the LCs and gives promising routes towards the design of self-sustainable OASLMs
Carette, Michèle. "Etude des propriétés remarquables de nanofils optiques InP/polymère en vue de la réalisation de fonctions optoélectroniques hyperfréquences". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460628.
Texto completoLiu, Qiankun. "SiGe photonic integrated circuits for mid-infrared sensing applications". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS166/document.
Texto completoMid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy is a nearly universal way to identify chemical and biological substances, as most of the molecules have their vibrational and rotational resonances in the mid-IR wavelength range. Commercially available mid-IR systems are based on bulky and expensive equipment, while lots of efforts are now devoted to the reduction of their size down to chip-scale dimensions. The use of silicon photonics for the demonstration of mid-IR photonic circuits will benefit from reliable and high-volume fabrication to offer high performance, low cost, compact, lightweight and power consumption photonic circuits, which is particularly interesting for mid-IR spectroscopic sensing systems that need to be portable and low cost. Among the different materials available in silicon photonics, Germanium (Ge) and Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) alloys with a high Ge concentration are particularly interesting because of the wide transparency window of Ge up to 15 µm. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to investigate a new Ge-rich graded SiGe platform for mid-IR photonic circuits. Such new plateform was expected to benefit from a wide transparency wavelength range and a high versatility in terms of optical engineering (effective index, dispersion, …). During this thesis, different waveguides platforms based on different graded profiles have been investigated. First it has been shown that waveguides with low optical losses of less than 3 dB/cm can be obtained in a wide wavelength range, from 5.5 to 8.5 µm. A proof of concept of sensing based on the absorption of the evanescent component of the optical mode has then been demonstrated. Finally, elementary building blocs have been investigated. The first Bragg mirror-based Fabry Perot cavities and racetrack resonators have been demonstrated around 8 µm wavelength. A broadband dual-polarization MIR integrated spatial heterodyne Fourier-Transform spectrometer has also been obtained. All these results rely on material and device design, clean-room fabrication and experimental characterization. This work was done in the Framework of EU project INsPIRE in collaboration with Pr. Giovanni Isella from Politecnico Di Milano
Chastanet, Daniel. "Nouvelles sources compactes dans le moyen-infrarouge : Lasers à cascade quantique au-delà de 16 microns et LED électroluminescentes en régime de couplage fort". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS143/document.
Texto completoThe far infrared (16 µm < λ < 30 µm) is an important area for applications such as detecting wide organic molecules (whose absorption fingerprints falls in this wavelength range) and for radio-astronomy (local oscillator for the heterodyne detection). Unfortunately, the atmospheric transparency window, commonly called the 4th transparency window is almost unexplored.QCL are coherent light sources, covering a range from infrared to THz, based on the engineering of band structures of semiconductors. They have excellent performances in the mid infrared but their effectiveness diminishes in the 4th window and beyond.One aim of this thesis is the development of a new generation of QCL able to cover this spectral region with good performance in terms of output power and maximum operating temperature. A key point in this context is the use of a new material system for these wavelengths: InAs / AlSb. The advantage of this solution is its very small effective mass : 0.023 m0 (compared to 0.043 m0 in the InGaAs wells), which provides a higher gain, resulting in significant performances improvement.Another fundamentally different approach lies in the strong coupling regime. Using an ultra-fast characteristic time associated with Rabi oscillations, can allow the realization of emitting sources with improved quantum efficiency (compared to an bare inter-subband transition). pseudo particles arising from the strong coupling regime in the inter-subband transitions (called polaritons inter-sub-bands) may under certain limits behave as bosons. One then sees the possibility of coherent sources based on the relaxation of a polariton condensate