Literatura académica sobre el tema "Diseases and injuries"

Musculoskeletal injuries and chronic degenerative diseases commonly affect both athletic and sedentary horses and can entail the end of their athletic careers. The ensuing repair processes frequently do not yield fully functional regeneration of the injured tissues but biomechanically inferior scar or replacement tissue, causing high reinjury rates, degenerative disease progression and chronic morbidity. Regenerative medicine is an emerging, rapidly evolving branch of translational medicine that aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. It includes tissue engineering but also cell-based and cell-free stimulation of endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Some regenerative medicine therapies have made their way into equine clinical practice mainly to treat tendon injures, tendinopathies, cartilage injuries and degenerative joint disorders with promising results. However, the qualitative and quantitative spatiotemporal requirements for specific bioactive factors to trigger tissue regeneration in the injury response are still unknown, and consequently, therapeutic approaches and treatment results are diverse. To exploit the full potential of this burgeoning field of medicine, further research will be required and is ongoing. This review summarises the current knowledge of commonly used regenerative medicine treatments in equine patients and critically discusses their use.

Purpose: The analysis of ten unusual eye injuries, and the discussion of appropriate preventive measures. Case outline: Ten patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, in the period from January 2000. to December 2009. were presented. Following data were taken in account: sex and age of the patient, injured eye, the mechanism of injury, type of the injury, applied treatment and final visual acuity. The circumstances of the eye injuring of ten patients were described. The eye injuries in all cases occurred in a bizarre way and they were severe enough to require hospital admission. The surgery was necessary in seven patients. Three injured eyes resulted in blindness, and two additional had subnormal vision. Conclusion: In three quarters of discussed cases injuries can be avoided. It is necessary to implement protective measures constantly and consistently and to think about the possible consequences of certain activities. Particular attention should be paid on safety of children. The iatrogenic injuries require special consideration.

The construction industry is the most dangerous industry in the word with higher prevalence of occupational accidents, injuries and diseases. There is a paucity of studies that investigate occupational accidents, injuries and diseases in the Namibian construction industry. The study was conducted to determine the magnitude of occupational accidents, injuries and diseases in the construction industry of Windhoek, Namibia. A quantitative, retrospective document review was conducted to investigate the documents for reported occupational accidents, injuries and diseases for the period of five years, from April 2011 to March 2016. Data was analysed with SPSS version 23.The study found out that occupational accidents and injuries are prevalent in the Windhoek construction industry. The study recorded the total of 37 cases of occupational accidents and injuries. Young, male construction workers are mostly sustained accidents and injuries. Labourers were mostly affected than other occupations while cut by machinery comprise the majority of the source of accidents. The most body part injured is the general body. The researchers did not find any documentation for reported occupational diseases from the construction industry of Windhoek. The researchers recommended the preventive measures to be implemented to prevent occupational accidents and injuries and enforcement of legislations on occupational accidents, injuries and diseases recording and reporting.

This article provides a general analysis of occupational diseases and injuries in swimming athletes. High performance sports are a risk factor for injuries and occupational diseases. Different types of sports are characterized by different specific diseases. Despite the fact that swimming is recognized as a less traumatic sport and has a direction in medical prevention, this does not mean that athletes who practice this sport do not get injured. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodical literature; Internet resources on the specified topic. Research results: mainly the following traumatic zones are distinguished in swimmers: muscular system, joint connections and surfaces, and disorders of the ENT organs. The issue of preventing injuries and diseases in swimming concerns everyone who prepares highly qualified athletes and provides normal conditions for training and participation in competitions: coaches, doctors, judges, representatives of sports and medical science. Conclusion: 1. Prevention of sports injuries is not a purely medical problem. It applies to all those who are called to prepare highly qualified athletes and provide them with normal conditions for training and participation in competitions; 2. Prevention of sports injuries is based on the principles of injury prevention, taking into account the peculiarities of such a sport as swimming; 3. Using the experience of the economically developed countries of the world, it is possible to propose a single algorithm for processing information on statistical data on injuries to athletes- swimmers. The results of this work should be used in the future for coordinated work between the athlete, coach, doctor, physiotherapist and the whole team that provides a sports event to reduce injuries in swimming.

Disturbances of the distal radioulnar joint (DDRJ) have recently received more attention in the literature, and they have been diagnosed more frequently and treated better. As early as 1814. A. Colles wrote: "If the surgeon takes the trouble to carefully examine the injured hand, he will find that the end of the ulna is easily displaced forward and backward". However, the diagnosis of DDRJ injuries continues to be difficult and is often delayed due to manifest collateral injuries to the radius and wrist, and the fact that radiological changes, even in cases of significant DDRJ injuries, are often minimal.

Introduction: Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders are associated with increased risks of mortality and morbidity from injury and violence. Chronic health conditions are taken as risk factors for injury as well as the consequences of the injury. Very few studies have noted about diseases among injured person. Objectives: To find out the use of alcohol among injured persons and to explore the associated diseases among injured persons. Methods: In this study 10% of the households of Dharan i.e. 1398 household were selected as the sample size. A systematic random sampling was used to select the 10% household from each ward. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and information related to injuries to the persons suffered from injuries, alcohol intake prior to injury and whether they suffered from any chronic diseases or not. Results: Among 299 injured persons, 20.4% of them used to take alcohol. It was noted that 5.4% consumed alcohol prior to the injury. About 8 % injured persons were hypertensive and 7.7% of them suffered from visual problem. About 10 % of the major injured persons were suffering from physical disability. Conclusion: Consumption of alcohol, chronic health problems like hypertension, visual impairment and physical disability are common among the injured persons. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7136 Health Renaissance; September-December 2012; Vol 10 (No.3);203-207

The construction and building industry is one of the most dangerous industries worldwide. A review of the literature indicates a direct correlation between lack of safety culture and the occurrence of accidents within this industry. As a result of this research, nine OHS management system models have been recommended which are formed from a cluster of factors and from many different disciplines to be used as an assessment tool, to prevent accidents in construction or related industries.

Following cervical or upper thoracic level spinal cord injury (SCI), motor, sensory and autonomic systems are disrupted. One form of this autonomic dysfunction is the condition autonomic dysreflexia (AD), which is characterised by episodes of high blood pressure in response to afferent input from regions below the injury level. An animal model of autonomic dysreflexia, the T4 transected rat, was used in this thesis to gain insight into the cardiovascular and temperature components of the disorder, possible peripheral mechanisms and interventions to prevent its development. Chapter 2 of the thesis includes the charaterisation of a T4 transection rat model of spinal cord injury. This characterisation includes confirmation of decreased baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP, 71 down from 117 mmHg) and elevated heart rate (HR, 431 bpm from 366 bpm) for 6 weeks post injury (p.i.). Documentation of the development of AD found that hypertensive responses were fully developed (+20 mmHg) by 4 weeks p.i. Further, during episodes of AD at Weeks 4 and 5 p.i., tail surface temperatures decreased significantly (mid-tail, -1.7oC), indicative of extensive vasoconstriction. Comparison of vascular responses of intact and SCI animals to adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine, PHE and methoxamine, METH) following ganglionic blockade in vivo found that SCI animals experienced prolonged vasoconstriction in blood vessels above and below injury level in response to PHE but not METH. Possible mechanisms of this change included decreased neuronal reuptake of PHE (METH is not a substrate for neuronal reuptake). The presence of prolonged vasoconstriction in blood vessels throughout the body, not just regions below injury level, suggests a widespread mechanism for the change, such as the decreased basal MAP, norepinephrine levels or neural activity present following injury. Thus, it was hypothesised that increased activity from an early stage post injury may prevent the peripheral adaptation and perhaps hinder development of AD. For this, the common rehabilitation technique, treadmill training, was used. Surprisingly, rather than preventing AD, the training actually accelerated its development, producing exaggerated hypertensive responses to colorectal distension (CRD) at Weeks 3 and 4 post-injury (Week 4, Trained: +38.5 ?? 1.5 mmHg; Sedentary: 23.4 ?? 3.1mmHg). Comparison of vascular responses of both groups to PHE injection found no significant difference indicating that the enhanced responses were not a result of peripheral vascular changes. Investigation of the central morphology following SCI, made via immunohistochemical processing of the post-mortem spinal cords, found that Treadmill Trained SCI animals had elevated calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity within lamina III/IV of lumbar segments, compared to intact cords. It is possible that this finding indicates afferent sprouting that may have accelerated the development of AD in Treadmill Trained animals. The results within this thesis highlight the importance of awareness and examination of autonomic function in SCI patients, especially those undergoing rehabilitative training.

Volatile metabolites from headspace gas of mango cultivars Tommy Atkins and Keitt, wounded and inoculated with two pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae or non-inoculated controls were profiled using a GC/MS to develop a technology to discriminate diseases. Several disease discriminatory compounds were identified and classified into three groups: (i) compounds unique to only one treatment; (ii) compounds common to two or more treatments but not to all; and (iii) compounds common to all treatments but with varying in their abundance. 1-pentanol and boronic acid ethyl were detected in only Lasiodiplodia-inoculated mangoes while thujol was observed only in Colletotrichum-inoculated mangoes. Models based on significant mass ions classified up to 100% of the diseases/inoculations. The disease discriminatory compounds and discriminant analysis models developed here could be used in the early detection of postharvest diseases of mango fruit, after validation under commercial conditions.

Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2012.
SUMMARY OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND DISEASES AMONGST HEALTHCARE WORKERS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE AIM: To analyse and provide data on the incidence of occupational injuries and the prevalence of occupational diseases amongst healthcare workers of Department of Health in Limpopo Province. OBJECTIVES: The specific objectives of the study were as follows: 1. To determine the most common occupational types of injuries and/or diseases amongst healthcare workers with regard to the demographic profile (i.e. age, gender, occupation, workstation) of healthcare workers; 2. To establish outcomes of these injuries and diseases fatalities regard to the demographic profile (i.e. age, gender, occupation, workstation) of healthcare workers; and 3. To assess the association between the predominant injuries and diseases with the profile of the health care workers METHOD: The researcher sourced data electronically from Department of Health as quarterly reports, four (4) for each year of the financial years 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 respectively. The data was consolidated into financial years, cleaned out part of 2007 and 2010 so at to remain with 3 calendar years (2007, 2008 &2009) prior analysis. RESULTS: There were 725 per 100 000 healthcare workers affected by injuries and diseases during the study period. These injuries/and diseases affected more males than females above 40 years with the mean age being 43 years. Of the 631 injuries and diseases reported, 89% were injuries whist 11 % were diseases with most employees from Mopani district. The most common injuries which affected HCWs thus included needle stick injuries (24%), slip/trip/fall (23%), motor vehicle accidents (14%), injuries by external objects (10%) and assaults (7%). The most common diseases which affected HCWs were found to be TB (69%), diseases by chemical agents (12%), cholera (9%) and poisoning (2%). The needle stick injury affected clinical nurses (59%) more than other professionals; moreover, TB affected 63.6% of nurses. The captured outcome of this injury/disease was 4 fatalities among EMS personnel. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that tuberculosis is the most common occupational disease acquired whilst needle stick injury is the commonest occupational injury sustained by healthcare workers of the Department of Health, Limpopo Province. The employees were therefore affected by preventable occupational injuries and diseases. RECOMMENDATIONS: Preventative programs need to be strengthened to reduce morbidity of tuberculosis and needle stick injuries amongst employees.

Magister Legum - LLM
This mini thesis provides a comparative study on two Member States of the ILO. These are, namely: South Africa and Zimbabwe. The purpose of this research is to find out whether Zimbabwe and South Africa are complying with the standards set by the ILO regarding the issue of compensation for occupational injuries and diseases. The terms workers compensation and employment injury benefits are frequently used interchangeably.¹³ Workers compensation is the older term, generally used originally to refer to schemes which provide benefits in the case of death and incapacity due to accidents at work and, later, due to prescribed occupational diseases as well. These benefits could be temporary or permanent, total or partial. In these ILO instruments, the term employment injury is used to cover both accidents at work and occupational diseases.¹⁴ This mini-thesis determines whether South Africa and Zimbabwe are complying with or failing to meet the standards set by the ILO. The research further provides recommendations regarding the shortfalls that South Africa and Zimbabwe are facing so that they will get in line with the standards of ILO, because this is essential to the lives of millions of workers working in these two countries.

Thesis (PhD(Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Postharvest decay of stone fruit in the Western Cape province of South Africa is caused primarily by Botrytis cinerea (grey mould) and Monilinia laxa (brown rot). Little is known about the relative importance and seasonal occurrence of the two pathogens in nectarine and plum orchards, the mode of penetration of fruits by M laxa, latency and subsequent disease expression by the latter pathogen. These aspects were investigated in this study. By sampling from the Unifruco Quality Evaluation Scheme and from 11 stone fruit orchards, observations were made over a 3-year period of the occurrence of grey mould and brown rot in the major stone fruit regions. Botrytis cinerea was found to be the most important pathogen causing blossom blight and postharvest decay on stone fruit. The pathogen was most prominent on early- and mid-season culti~ars. Brown rot was exclusively caused by M laxa and no evidence was found that M fructicoZa had been introduced into the region. Monilina laxa was most prominent on the later maturing cultivars. Botrytis cinerea blossom infection did not contribute directly to postharvest decay. Both surface inoculum and latent infection consistently occurred on fruit in each orchard, although at fluctuating levels. Disease expression on developing fruit was not governed by the amount of B. cinerea occurring on fruit surfaces, but by the ability of fruit to resist disease expression. The amount of B. cinerea on fruits was generally higher during spring than during summer. Monilinia laxa occurred sporadically on the blossoms of late-maturing cultivars. Immature fruit were generally pathogen-free and disease expression occurred on maturing fruit only. These findings suggest that conidia of M laxa are generally produced in orchards when fruits are approaching maturity and can penetrate and infect maturing fruit only. The behaviour of airborne M laxa conidia was subsequently studied on nectarine (cultivar Flamekist) and plum (cultivar Laetitia) fruit. For these studies, an inoculation method that simulates natural infection by airborne conidia was used. Fruit at pit hardening, 2 wk before harvest, harvest stage and after cold storage (nectarines 4 wk at -o.soC followed by 1 wk at 23°C at ±56% RH; plums 10 days at .....().5°C,18 days at 7.5°C followed by 1 wk at 23°C at ±56% RH) were dusted with dry conidia of M laxa in a settling tower. The fruits were incubated for periods ranging from 3 to 48 h at high relative humidity (2':93%, humid fruit) or covered with a film of water (wet fruit). Behaviour of the solitary conidia was examined with an epifluorescence microscope on skin segments stained in a differential stain containing fluorescein diacetate, aniline blue and blankophor. The ability of solitary conidia to colonise the fruit surface, penetrate fruit skins and to induce disease expression was determined by using a differential set of tests. For these tests, fruit were surface-sterilised (30 s in 70% ethanol) or left Unsterile. From each group, fruit were selected for isolation (skin segment test), immersed in a 3% paraquat solution (paraquat-treated fruit test) or left untreated (sound fruit test). 1be findings demonstrated that solitary conidia of M laxa behaved consistently on plum and nectarine fruit surfaces: appressorium formation and direct penetration was not observed on any of the fruit surfaces and germ tubes penetrated fruit predominantly through stomata, lenticels and microfissures in the fruit skin. The monitoring of airborne conidia revealed subtle effects of the fruits on the behaviour of solitary germlings, which could not be seen when using conidial suspensions. On both fruit types, no deleterious effect was seen on conidial and germling survival when fruit were kept humid at pit hardening, 2 wk before harvest and harvest. However, conidial and germling survival were drastically reduced by prolonged wet incubation of fruits. The findings on disease expression in the skin segment, paraquat-treated fruit and sound fruit tests clearly showed that the skin of both nectarine and plum fruits were not penetrated at the pit hardening stage, latent infections were not established and fruitsreacted resistant to disease expression. These facets on both fruit types were furthermore unaffected by wetness. The barrier capacity of the fruit skin of the two stone fruit types however differed drastically later in the season. On nectarine, fruit skins were more readily penetrated and disease expression became more pronounced when fruit approached maturity. Penetration and disease expression on ripening nectarine fruit were furthermore greatly influenced by wetness. Maturing plum fruit, on the other hand, did not display the drastic change in the barrier capacity of fruit skins as observed on nectarine. The influence of wetness on infection and disease expression was also less pronounced than on nectarine. In fact, plum fruit remained asymptomatic in the sound fruit test after inoculation and humid incubation at the 2 wk before harvest stage, harvest stage and after cold storage. Plum fruit at these stages only developed disease after a prolonged period (~12 h) of wet incubation. The paraquat fruit test revealed that these fruits became more susceptible to latent infection, but they were not as susceptible as nectarine. Collectively, these findings indicate that M. laxa fruit rot epidemics on plum and nectarine are driven by inoculum levels on fruit approaching maturity and by weather conditions prevailing during the preharvest and harvest period. However, the barrier capacity of plum skins is considerably more effective than that of nectarine fruit. Wounds would therefore play an important role in the epidemiology of M. laxa on plum fruit. Infection of fresh wounds by airborne M. laxa conidia, and by conidia and germlings that have established on fruits, was therefore investigated. Plum fruit (cultivar Laetitia) at pit hardening, 2 wk before harvest, harvest stage and after cold storage were dusted with dry conidia of M. laxa in a settling tower.- Infection of rionwounded fruit and of fresh wounds by \ the airborne conidia on dry, humid and wet plum fruit surfaces, and by conidia and germlings that have been established on fruits under the wetness regimes was then investigated. Nonwounded immature and mature fruit remained mostly asymptomatic, whereas nonwounded cold stored fruit decayed readily. Wounding drastically increased infection by airborne conidia. Immature fruits were less susceptible to wound infection by the airborne conidia than mature fruits. Conidia dispersed freshly were more successful in infecting fresh wounds than conidia that were deposited, or germlings that established, on fruit surfaces 4 days prior to wounding. This decrease in infectivity was especially pronounced on humid and even more on wet incubated fruit. This study clearly showed that in order to reduce. the incidence of brown rot, inoculum levels on fruit approaching maturity should be reduced by sanitation practices and fungicide applications. Furthermore, it is essential to protect fruits, especially. near-mature fruits, from being wounded.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: EPIDEMIOLOGIE VAN MONILINIA LAXA OP NEKTARIEN EN PRUIM: INFEKSIE VAN VRUGTE DEUR KONIDIA OPSOMMING Naoesverrotting van steenvrugte in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika word hoofsaaklik veroorsaak deur Botrytis cinerea (vaalvrot) en Monilinia laxa (bruinvrot). Min is bekend oor die relatiewe belang en seisoenale voorkoms van hierdie patogene in nektarienen pruimboorde, asook oor die infeksieweg, latensie en daaropvolgende siekte-uitdrukking van M laxa. Hierdie aspekte is in dié studie nagevors. \ \ Monsters IS oor 'n 3-jaar periode van die Unifruco Kwaliteitsevalueringskema, en ook van 11 steenvrugboorde verkry. Die voorkoms van vaalvrot en bruinvrot in die hoof steenvrugareas is so bepaal. Botrytis cinerea was die belangrikste patogeen wat betref bloeiselversenging en naoesverrotting. Verder was hierdie patogeen ook meer prominent op die vroeë- en middel-seisoen kultivars. Bruinvrot is uitsluitlik deur M Iaxa veroorsaak en geen aanduiding omtrent die moontlike voorkoms van M fructicola in Suid-Afrika is waargeneem nie. Monilinia laxa was meer prominent op die laat-seisoen kultivars. Botrytis cinerea bloeiselinfeksie het nie direk bygedra tot naoesverrotting nie. Beide oppervlakkige inokulum en latente infeksie het deurgaans, maar wel teen wisselende hoeveelhede, op vrugte in die onderskeie boorde voorgekom. Siekte-uitdrukking op ontwikkelende vrugte is egter nie beinvloed deur die hoeveelheid B. cinerea op die vrug nie, maar eerder deur die vermoë van die vrug om siekte-uitdrukking te onderdruk. Die hoeveelheid B. cinerea op vrugte was verder hoër gedurende lente as gedurende somer. Monilinia laxa het slegs sporadies op die bloeisels van laat-seisoen kultivars voorgekom. Groen vrugte was in die algemeen vry van die patogeen en siekte-uitdrukking het slegs op ryp vrugte plaasgevind. Hierdie bevindinge dui daarop dat M laxa in boorde hoofsaaklik op ryper vrugte geproduseer word. Hierdie swam infekteer ook net ryp vrugte. Die gedrag van luggedraagde M laxa conidia is bestudeer op nektarien- (kultivar Flamekist) en pruimvrugte (kultivar Laetitia). 'n Inokulasie-metode wat natuurlike infeksie deur luggedraagde konidia simuleer, is vir hierdie studies gebruik. Vrugte van die pitverharding-, twee weke voor oes-, oesstadium, asook koud-opgebergde vrugte (nektariene, 4 weke by -o.soe gevolg met 1 week by 23°C en ±56% RH; pruime, 10 dae by -O.5°e, 18 dae by 7.Soe gevolg deur 1 week by 23°C en ±56% RH), is met droë konidia in 'n inokulasietoring geïnokuleer. Die vrugte is vir periodes wat gewissel het van 3 tot 48 h geïnkubeer by hoë relatiewe humiditeit (~93% RH, vogtige vrugte), of dit is bedek met'n film water (nat vrugte). Die gedrag van die enkelspore (konidia) op die vrugoppervlak is met 'n epifluorisensiemikroskoop bestudeer. Skilsegmente is gekleur in 'n kleurstof, bevattende fluorisein diasetaat, analien-blou en blankofor. Die vermoë van die enkelspore om die vrugoppervlak te koloniseer, te penetreer en om siekte-uitdrukking te induseer, is met 'n differensiële stel toetse bepaal. Vir hierdie toetse is die vrugte oppervlakkig gesteriliseer (30 s in 70% etanol), of nie-steriel gelaat. In elke groep is vrugte geneem vir isolasie (skilsegment-to\~ts), of gedoop in "n 3% parakwat-oplossing (parakwat vrugtoets), of\, onbehandeld gelaat (onbehandelde vrugtoets ). Die. bevindinge het op die soortgelyke gedrag van M laxa enkelspore op die verskillende vrugsoorte gedui: appressoria en direkte penetrasie is nie waargeneem nie, en kiembuise het die vrugte hoofsaaklik deur huidmondjies, lentiselle en mikro-krakies .in die vrugskil gepenetreer. Deur luggedraagde spore te bestudeer, is sekere subtiele effekte van die vrug op die gedrag van enkelspore op die vrugoppervlak waargeneem. Op beide vrugtipes is geen nadelige effek op konidiurn- en kiembuisoorlewing opgemerk wanneer die vrugte onder hoë vogtoestande geïnkubeer is. Konidiurn- en kiembuisoorlewing is egter drasties verlaag hoe langer die vrugte onder nat toestande geïnkubeer is. Die bevindinge van die skilsegment-, parakwat en onbehandelde vrugtoetse het duidelik daarop gewys dat die vrugskil van nektarien en pruim nie gepenetreer is tydens die pitverhardingstadium nie, latente infeksies is nie gevorm nie, en die vrugte was bestand teen siekte-uitdrukking. Hierdie fasette op beide vrugtipes is ook nie beinvloed deur inkubasie-natheid nie. Die beskermingskapasiteit van die vrugskil van hierdie steenvrugtipes het egter drasties verskil later in die seisoen. Nektarien-vrugskille is meer geredelik gepenetreer en siekte-uitdrukking het toegeneem met rypwording. Penetrasie en siekteuitdrukking is verder in 'n groot mate deur inkubasie-natheid bevoordeel. Rypwordende pruime het egter nie so In drasties verandering in die beskermingskapasiteit van die vrugskil getoon nie. Die invloed van inkubasie-natheid op infeksie en siekte-uitdrukking was ook minder opsigtelik as op nektarien. Pruimvrugte van die twee weke voor oes-, oesstadium, en , koud-opgebergde pruime, wat onder hoë vog geïnkubeer is, het simptoomloos in die onbehandelde vrugtoets gebly. Vrugte van hierdie stadia het slegs simptome ontwikkel na periodes van langer as 12 h onder nat toestande. Die parakwat-behandelde vrugtoets het egter gewys dat die pruimvrugte meer vatbaar vir latente infeksies raak, maar steeds nie so vatbaar soos die nektarienvrugte nie. Gesamentlik dui hierdie bevindinge daarop <41tM laxa bruinvrot epidemies op pruim en nektarien afhanklik is van inokulumvlakke op rypwordende vrugte, asook die weerstoestande gedurende die vooroes- en oesstadia. Die beskermingskapasiteit van pruim vrugskille was egter aansienlik meer effektief as dié van nektarien vrugte. Wonde op vrugte sal dus 'n groter rol speel in die epidemiologic van M laxa op pruim. Infeksie van vars wonde deur luggedraagde M laxa konidia, en deur konidia en kiembuise wat reeds op die vrugoppervlak gevestig is, is gevolglik bestudeer. Pruimvrugte (kultivar Laetitia) van die pitverharding-, twee weke voor oes-, oesstadium, asook koud- \ \ opgebergde vrugte is in 'n inokulasie-toring geïnokuleer met droë M laxa konidia. .Infeksie , , van nie-gewonde vrugte en van vars wonde deur luggedraagde konidia op droë, vogtige en nat pruim vrugoppervlaktes, asook deur konidia en kiembuise wat reeds op die vrugoppervlak onder hierdie toestande gevestig is, is bepaal. Nie-gewonde groen tot ryp vrugte het meestal simptoomloos gebly, terwyl koud-opgebergde ryp vrugte wel verrot het. Wonde .het die hoeveelheid infeksie deur luggedraagde spore drasties vermeerder. Konidia wat geïnokuleer is op vrugte met vars wonde, was meer in staat om hierdie wonde te infekteer as konidia en kiembuise wat 4 dae voor wonding gevestig is. Hierdie afname in infektiwiteit was meer sigbaar op die vogtige, maar veral die nat vrugte. Hierdie studie het duidelik gewys dat inokulumvlakke op rypwordende vrugte verlaag moet word deur sanitasie-praktyke en fungisiedtoedienings. Dit is verder belangrik om vrugte, veral rypwordende vrugte, teen wonding te beskerm.

The mechanical characterization of liver tissue can be highly beneficial in the management of liver diseases and injuries (1). Liver is the most frequently injured abdominal organ due to injuries that are generally caused by motor vehicle accidents and falls from heights, both of which result in rapid decelerations (2). Moreover, in the US alone, more than 20,300 people die each year as a result of complications arising from chronic liver diseases and the associated fibrosis and cirrhosis.

There is a high risk of surgical complications when treating vascular injuries such as ruptures and ischemia associated with strokes, aneurysms, and other vascular diseases. Moreover, it is still challenging to repair injuries of small diameter blood vessels through currently available therapeutic approaches because of limited access and small path length. To address these issues, a vascular patch made of biodegradable shape memory polymers (SMPs) can be deployed to the injured or ruptured site in a minimally invasive manner via a catheter or laparoscope, as shown in Figure 1. SMPs are capable of achieving minimally-invasive implantation and repair vascular injuries because they can be fixed into a temporary shape (i.e. an injectable shape for placement through a laparoscope) and recover their original, permanent shape (i.e. a ruptured tissue-specific shape) when triggered by an external stimulus such as heating above its melting temperature (T m).

Diseases of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems have afflicted humans since recorded history. Similarly, injuries and related trauma of one form or another have impaired human ambulation or even made it impossible to stand, walk, run or even to sit or squat. Stretchers, crutches, wheelchairs, and exoskeletons have been developed to help improve the mobility of these disabled individuals, but often require assistance from others to some degree, limiting patient autonomy. To ascertain which assistive devices might be better suited to a particular patient with an ambulation disability or weakness, the healthcare providers must perform an assessment of the individual’s gait to first understand the underlying symptomatic deficits, diseases, or injuries. This paper reviews how exoskeletons can with respect to the gait cycle assist the weak and elderly as well as patients with specific diseases or injuries that impact ambulation.

One of the significant problems that occupies a central place in the field of modern sports is the high level of injuries. More and more experts agree that this phenomenon is associated with the increasing complexity of game elements, a constant increase in physical activity and an increasing number of competitions. In the process of mastering new jumps, athletes risk being in an area of increased risk of injury. There are a number of specific diseases and injuries for cliff diving, among which pelvic and coccyx injuries can be distinguished. In order to better understand the features of the development of mechanical asymmetry, which subsequently leads to such injuries, we conducted a study based on videos of diving. During the analysis of video materials, motor errors associated with the manifestation of functional asymmetry were found.

Abstract. Introduction. The organization of medical care for employees of remote industrial enterprises (remote healthcare) is an extremely important task and an urgent problem in the healthcare system as a whole. The correct organization and evidence-based approaches in the remote healthcare system will save the labor force, which forms the basis of the economic development of any country. Purpose: to evaluate the system of organizing medical care for employees of remote industrial facilities based on the analysis of the results of periodic medical examinations and medical evacuations. Research methods. The analysis of the results of periodic medical examination of a large mining enterprise in the period 2018-2021 was carried out. , and also analyzed the results of medical evacuations from industrial facilities in the period 2018-2020. (154 objects from 14 regions of the country). Taking into account the fact that the bulk of workers in remote industrial facilities are men employed in the main profile of the enterprise, women were excluded from the analysis. Results. According to the results of medical examinations, 18.6% were recognized as completely healthy in 2018, 6.6% in 2019, and 12.6% of workers in remote industrial facilities in 2021. The rest had one or another pathology. The structure of workers' diseases revealed during medical examinations was analyzed in accordance with ICD-10. In the structure of the morbidity of workers at remote industrial facilities, the first three places in descending order of rank are occupied by diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the eyes and adnexa, diseases of the nervous system (in 2018 -38.2%, 35.3%, 22%; in 2019 - 53.1%, 45.3%, 19.5%; in 2021 - 44%, 34.1% 15.8%, respectively). In addition, in 2021, the prevalence of risk factors in men and women was analyzed, the contribution of each of the factors was revealed (physical - 26.5%, smoking - 26%, alcohol - 11.1%). The number of medical evacuations was: 2,390 planned (61.5%) and 1,493 emergency (38.4%). In the structure of all evacuations of personnel of remote industrial facilities, BSK was in the lead, followed by injuries and poisoning, diseases of the digestive system and diseases of the respiratory system. The main reason for emergency evacuations was injuries and poisoning, 2nd and 3rd places were taken by BSK and diseases of the digestive system, respectively. In the group of workers under 39 years of age, the first three positions were occupied by injuries and poisoning, diseases of the digestive system and BSC, and in the group of older age intervals, BSC significantly prevailed, the second place was taken by injuries and poisoning, and the third - diseases of the digestive system. Conclusion. The results of the study and data analysis made it possible to identify the key components (human, informational, financial, educational, material resources) of remote health care and confirmed the importance and necessity of developing a unified concept of maintaining the health of personnel at industrial facilities located in hard-to-reach areas.

INTRODUCTION Since 7 October 2023, large-scale military operations in the Gaza Strip have resulted in an escalating public health crisis. Residents of Gaza are mostly displaced from their homes and living in overcrowded conditions with insufficient access to water, sanitation, and food, and health services have been considerably disrupted. To inform humanitarian and decision-making efforts, we aimed to estimate the project excess mortality from traumatic injuries, infectious diseases, maternal and newborn complications, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) under different future scenarios. METHODS We used five different models to project excess deaths from February to August 2024, considering three scenarios: (1) an immediate and permanent ceasefire; (2) the status quo, reflecting conditions from mid-October 2023 to mid-January 2024; and (3) a further escalation of the conflict. Using publicly available data and expert consultations, our analysis projected excess deaths resulting under each scenario. A model was developed to determine increased malnutrition (as an underlying cause). RESULTS Without epidemics, the ceasefire scenario would result in 6550 excess deaths, rising to 58,260 under the status quo, and 74,290 under escalation. With epidemics, these projections rise to 11,580, 66,720, and 85,750, respectively. Under the ceasefire scenario, infectious diseases would be the main cause of excess deaths (1,520 excess deaths without epidemics and 6,550 with epidemics). Traumatic injuries followed by infectious diseases would be the main causes of excess deaths in both the status quo (53,450 due to traumatic injuries; 2,120 due to infectious diseases without epidemics and 10,590 including epidemics) and escalation scenarios (68,650 due to traumatic injuries; 2,720 due to infectious diseases without epidemics and 14,180 with epidemics). Our projections indicate that, even in the best-case ceasefire scenario, thousands of excess deaths would continue to occur, mainly due to the time it would take to improve water, sanitation, shelter conditions, and malnutrition, and restore functioning healthcare services in Gaza. While the total number of estimated excess deaths from maternal and neonatal causes are relatively small (100–330 excess deaths), every loss of a mother has severe consequences for family health and wellbeing. NCDs are projected to cause more deaths (1,680 (ceasefire) –2,680 (escalation) excess deaths) due to a heavily disrupted specialised health services and impeded access to treatment and medications. CONCLUSION These projections underscore the critical and urgent need for an immediate ceasefire to mitigate the alarming excess mortality in Gaza. The severity of the ceasefire scenario cannot be understated, with over 6–11 thousand excess deaths projected. Decision-makers must act swiftly to prevent further loss of life and address the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza.

Any personal injury, sickness, or death caused by an employment accident is referred to as an occupational injury.These hazards can be categorized as physical (accidents and injuries),biological(diseases like inuenza, HIV, Anthrax etc.),psychological(stress, anxiety, depression) , chemical hazards (exposure to acids and pesticides), and environmental hazards(unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, hazardous healthcare waste, etc).Occupational injuries are more widespread among workers in numerous sectors, factories, and health-care organizations and they constitute a critical worldwide health issue affecting the majority of people in various occupations. As a result, the current review sought to evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of occupational hazards experienced by workers in a variety of situations.Searches for relevant articles were conducted in four electronic databases using a broad range of search terms.

Review question / Objective: Participants: experiment POI animal models; Interventions: human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; Comparisons: POI animal models without hUCMSC therapy; Outcomes: estrous cycle situation, serum sex hormone level and ovarian follicle count; Studies: randomized controlled animal study; The aim of the review is to figure out whether hUCMSC can recover ovarian function in POI animal models. Condition being studied: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a syndrome characterized by reduced or absent ovarian function (hypogonadism) and elevated levels of gonadotropins, specifically luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Etiologies of POI are various. Genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, iatrogenic injuries like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and infectious diseases all contribute to the development of POI. Main manifestation of POI includes decreased ovarian function and infertility. Patients may suffer from menopausal symptoms, such as increased cardiovascular disease, decreased bone mineral density, vulvovaginal atrophy, psychological distress and so on. Current treatment of POI is limited. HRT mainly ameliorates symptoms while ART can achieve fertility in some patients but faces many challenges in clinical practice because it's hard to get satisfied oocytes. Stem cell therapy is proved to be efficient in recovering organ functions and hUCMSC is one of the easiest cell to obtain. So we think hUCMSC is promising in treating POI.

This rapid review investigated the effects of climate change on health and health services in northern NSW—a known ‘hotspot’ for natural disasters—over the next 10-20 years. It included 92 peer-reviewed articles and 9 grey literature documents, with 17% focused on Northern NSW. Climate change will cause both an increase in average temperatures and in extreme weather events and natural disasters. Impacts particularly affecting Northern NSW are expected to include increases and exacerbations of: mental illness; infectious diseases, including those transmitted by mosquitoes, water and food; heat-related illnesses; chronic diseases including respiratory and cardiac conditions; injuries; and mortality—with vulnerable groups being most affected. Demand for health services will increase, but there will also be disruptions to medication supply and service availability. A whole-of-system approach will be needed to address these issues. There are numerous gaps in the research evidence and a lack of predictive modelling and robust locally relevant data.

This report presents trends for the three leading causes of death to people aged 25–44 in 2020 (unintentional injuries, heart disease, and suicide) for non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic people.

Many people enjoy wildlife. Nationwide, Americans spend over $144 billion annually on fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. However, wildlife is not always welcome in or near homes, buildings, or other property and can cause significant damage or health and safety issues. Many people who experience a wildlife conflict prefer to resolve the issue without harming the offending animal. Of the many options available (i.e., habitat modification, exclusion, repellents) for addressing nuisance wildlife problems, translocation—capturing and moving—of the offending animal is often perceived to be effective. However, trapping and translocating wild animals is rarely legal nor is it considered a viable solution by wildlife professionals for resolving most nuisance wildlife problems. Reasons to avoid translocating nuisance wildlife include legal restrictions, disease concerns, liability issues associated with injuries or damage caused by a translocated animal, stress to the animal, homing behavior, and risk of death to the animal. Translocation is appropriate in some situations such as re-establishing endangered species, enhancing genetic diversity, and stocking species in formerly occupied habitats. The main focus of this publication, however, is to address nuisance wildlife issues that may be commonly encountered by homeowners and nuisance wildlife control professionals.