Tesis sobre el tema "Discrimination fondée sur le sexe"
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Önder, Beril. "The European court of human rights and gender equality : exploring the potential of article 14 ECHR and protocol no. 12 article 1 for achieving substantive equality". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAA002.
Texto completoThis thesis carries out a critical analysis of the sex-discrimination case law (Article 14 ECHR and Protocol No. 12 Article 1) of the ECtHR from a substantive equality perspective and in light of relevant best practices of international human rights law.This research reveals that the Court’s case law under Article 14 and Protocol 12 Article 1 has adopted a more substantive interpretation of gender equality in recent years, although it still has some important shortcomings and inconsistencies. In light of the criticism from legal scholars and in light of the developments in international human rights law the Court could still develop its case law and address its own shortcomings to contribute more to substantive equality between men and women
Benioudaki, Anna. "Le droit de la discrimination fondée sur le handicap et l’état de santé et sa contribution à la lutte contre la discrimination multiple". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10019.
Texto completoNowadays, the issue of labour discrimination is a complex and living subject matter that raises questions about the adaptedness of the rights that are specifically protected by labour legislation to the situation experienced by employees. Legal writing and case-law in this field are constantly evolving. In the first part of this study, we have considered disability and health condition as prohibited grounds of discrimination. Thus, we first analyzed the social construction of disability. Indeed, contrary to the medical model, the social one moves the problem away from the individual person and places it in the social processes that are linked to human diversity. We have examined the statutory duty of reasonable accommodation provided to persons with disabilities and its implementation by case-law, positive actions and their role against disability based discrimination as well as the explanation of the differences in treatment based on disability. We have studied the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, of 13 December 2006. This Convention has indeed become the core of European legislation and policy on disability, underlining its innovations. Furthermore, beyond the concept of “disability”, we have considered the issue of whether illness and unfitness are sufficient to justify a termination or if they are grounds of discrimination. The European legislator does not seem eager to include them in the prohibited discrimination grounds. Our study of the legislation that is protecting against discrimination based on disability has led us to conclude that it has brought solutions in cases where protection against discrimination based on health condition is not regulated. The second part of our study is dedicated to the analysis of multiple discrimination. We have highlighted the ineffectiveness of the European legislation and, thus, that of the majority of legislations of the European Union Member States in fighting against it. We have noted that what should be questioned is the legal categorization system itself. Indeed, it is absolutely inappropriate and does not allow to identify the real sense of the persons’ identity or, consequently, to identify discrimination based on more than one grounds that are interacting in such a manner that makes them totally indissociable. On this matter, we have concluded that the protection scheme against discrimination based on disability could also lead to solutions on the issue of identification of multiple discrimination and protection against it, thanks to the individual approach and to the context evaluation it requires. As a last step, the present study aims at supporting the introduction of the concept of “multiple discrimination” both in the European Union legislation and in that of the Member States. This would give a new impulse to the fight against discriminations and would allow to address the existing legislative deficiencies
Utama, Widya. "Propriétés physiques des grès de Fontainebleau et de Sihapas et discrimination lithologique fondée sur les paramètres physiques des roches". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GLOB0012.
Texto completoThe studies of electrical , hydraulic properties of the Fontainebleau's sandstone (without clay) and the Sihapas's sandstone (with clay) show that permeability and formation factor are well correlated. On the presence of clay, the hydroelectric parameter's (permeability and formation factor) are always well proportioned, but the hydraulic parameters (permeability and porosity) are indented. The size of grains that control the relation of hydroelectric parameters. In the Fontainebleau sanddstone, grain size increase in reduced porosities, by cementing in silica, in turn permeability decrease and formation factor increase. The reduction of porosity conducts a porosity threshold for hydraulic and electric transports. The hydroelectric porosity threshold obtained is 0. 019. In favour of compression velocity, the compression modulus of pores and the volume fraction of effective cement can be determined. In the observed porosity range, the compression modulus of pores is constant which indicates that the nature of contacts between grains is not modified by cementation. The volume fraction of cement effective is well correlated with porosity, permeability and formation factor. We measured certain physical parameters (density, porosity, elastic wave velocities, thermal conductivity, formation factor and magnetic susceptibility), in laboratory conditions, on rock samples representative of crust lithology. By using the method of statistic (clustering analysis, gaussian classification and discriminate analysis), within a lithological context given, we can determine discriminate hierarchy of the parameters in order to distinguish well the lithotypes in a geological formation
Pailhé, Ariane. "Inégalité selon le sexe sur le marché du travail en Europe centrale au cours de la transformation systémique". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010003.
Texto completoGender inequalities regarding job access have risen during the systemic transition in Central Europe (Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak republic). Women are more unemployed and their activity rate has fallen more dramatically than men's one. But less inequalities are encoutered at work during the same period concerning wage gap and professional segregation. Inequalities between men and women result from multi dimentional processes. Education level explains them a bit. Return of education is growing during the transition, causing a decrease of disparities. Experience is more important but drop in the inequalities is due both to experience and tenure return fall. Discrimination explains more gender inequalities : men are avantaged while women are penalized, mainly regarding job access. Discrimination which is growing during the transition is more based on stereotypes than on taste. Finally inequalities come from labour market structure, divided in segments : firm ownership, location, branch of activity, and worker status. Probability that women are employed in high labour market segments is low. Although human capital has more influence during systemic transition, it explains only a part of gender inequalities. Systemic transition break underlines discrimination factor and structural elements that generate inequalities
Soubrier, Charlène. "Attitude à l'égard de la (non)conformité : impact des stéréotypes sur l'évaluation de candidats à l'embauche". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20056/document.
Texto completoIn recent years, gender stereotypes have been the subject of controversial discussions in French society. The debates have polarized into two camps: one driven by the importance they attach to gender differences; the other by the need to erase them and promote gender equality at work. Several (american) models explain the effects of stereotypes on judgment. These effects can either be stereotypical (i.e., when the person behaves in concordance with his stereotypes or counter-stereotypical (i.e., when he behaves differently to his stereotypes). To this day, very few studies have been carried out in France to test these models. Hence, the purpose of this doctoral dissertation was twofold. First, we examined gender and status stereotypes which could lead to sex inequality at work. Second, we tested the impact stereotypic conformity and stereotypic non-conformity had on the recruitment of applicants and on the evaluation of actual workers. We carried out 11 studies among students from different backgrounds and workers. Four studies were focused on characterizing the French gender and hierarchical stereotypes, one study allowed us to determine if French people feel pressure to comply with gender stereotypes and 6 studies were aimed to test the impact of stereotypic and counter stereotypic information on the evaluation of applicants and workers. We recruited 3528 (2136 women) with a mean age of 25 years. Results showed the major impact descriptive gender stereotypes have on the evaluation of people. When applying for a job, behaving stereotypically would benefit the applicants if their gender and status fit with the job. In the other case, it would disadvantage them. However, this impact fades when information about the applicants is available, in particular when the applicants are gender counter stereotypic. The judgment will then be based on the conformity between the applicants’ personality and the job. Depending of the personal motivations of the evaluator, he can decide to either penalize or aid the counter stereotypical candidate. Finally, it is likely that stereotypes associated to jobs are those that have the more impact on the recruitment officer’s judgment. Our discussion will focus on the importance French political authorities devote to gender stereotypes whereas changing representations of occupations would be a more promising solution to reduce gender inequality
Deom, Tardif Alèxe. "Évaluation d'une formation de développement professionnel continu portant sur l'intégration des notions de sexe et de genre : une approche de méthodes mixtes". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69486.
Texto completoHealth inequalities between men and women persist in Canada. This study assessed the impact of a continuing professional development (CPD) training program that incorporates notions of sex and gender on the intention of healthcare professionals' intention to adapt pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in cases of diabetes and depression, considering the differences between men and women. We also explored barriers and facilitators to healthcare professionals' integration of sex and gender considerations into their clinical practice. Using an integrated convergent mixed-methods research design, including a non-randomized controlled trial, we conducted the study at six sites in Quebec (n = 4), Ontario (n = 1) and New Brunswick (n = 1). We recruited 127 healthcare professionals who were enrolled in one of the two CPD training courses on pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for managing diabetes and depression. The two courses were offered simultaneously but differed in content: one integrated cosiderations of sex and gender (intervention group) and the other did not (control group). At the end of the CPD training, we used the CPD-Reactionquestionnaire to measure healthcare professionals' intention to adapt pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in cases of diabetes and depression, considering the differences between men and women. Then, in semi-structured group discussions, we explored barriers and facilitators to participants' integration of sex and gender considerations into their clinical practice. Discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We performed an analysis of covariance to compare the mean intention scores of the intervention and control groups using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, we carried out a thematic analysis of the verbatim. Inspired by the COM-B model of behavior, we triangulated the quantitative and qualitative results to produce recommendations. After training, mean intention scores for the intervention (n=49 participants) and control group (n=78 participants) were 5.65 ± 0.19 and 5.19 ± 0.15, respectively. Meandifference was -0.47 (CI -0.95 to 0.01; p=0.06). Adjusted for age, sex, and practice settings, mean difference was -0.57 (CI -1.09 to 0.05; p=0.03). Using the Theoretical Domains Framework, we identified ten barriers to integration of sex and gender considerations into clinical practice related to eight domains, and seven facilitators related to six domains. Recommendations included the addition of group discussions and clinical case vignettes showing the consequences of omitting sex and gender considerations in clinical practice. Our findings will inform future CPD initiatives to help reduce sex and gender inequalities in health care in Canada
Kouidri, Haoua. "Quelle égalité professionnelle entre les femmes et les hommes dans la fonction publique territoriale ? : effets du sexe et du genre sur les représentations sociales de la réussite proffessionnelle, de la compétence et sur les interférences entre travail et famille". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML019/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to better understand men and women's choices in the workplace, to better understand and overcome the perpetuation of professional gender inequalities in the public sector, as this organizational system is supposed to be neutral and equal by definition. This work, composed of a series of studies, was carried out under a convention to establish an internal device for promoting equality between men and women as a cross-cutting project.On the theoretical aspect, social categorization theory and social representation theory (Moscovici, 1961) are articulated. We analyze the effects of sex, gender – e.g. gendered stereotypes identification (Bem, 1974) - hierarchical status and job sector on social representations of gender equality, professional success and competence. We use categorical and prototypical analyses (Vergès, 1992) and discriminant analysis (Doise et al., 1992). In addition, we analyse the effect of gender in interaction with sex on work and private life balance. Our results reveal the need to take into account cultural factors, such as gender stereotypes and social representations, in order to explain the gender gap in the professional field. Finally, we discuss our results at a societal and ideological level which contain elements that can be used to negotiate feminine and masculine values in the sexual division of labor
Fréchette, Ariane. "Aversion envers l'iniquité et écart salarial entre les hommes et les femmes : facteurs expliquant les opinions au sujet du rôle des femmes sur le marché du travail". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30093.
Texto completoDelagrave, Anne-Marie. "Le contrôle de l'apparence physique du salarié à la lumière de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21194.
Texto completoMoulin, Stéphane. "Réexamen des inégalités entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail : des philosophies politiques aux évaluations empiriques". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00095542.
Texto completoNous soutenons qu'il n'est pas possible de donner une définition non ambiguë de la discrimination sur le marché du travail sans rentrer dans des questions de philosophie politique de la justice. Chaque philosophie politique implique une conception différente de la discrimination et impose des contraintes sur la méthodologie empirique de mesure des inégalités. Une conception pluraliste de la discrimination conduit ainsi à critiquer la conception consensuelle de l'égalité des chances, la théorie marginale de la juste distribution ainsi que la « bonne » pratique de mesure de la discrimination.
Nous présentons d'abord une grille d'analyse pluraliste de la discrimination entre les sexes articulant philosophies politiques de la justice sexuée, théories économiques de la discrimination, et méthodologies statistiques de mesure de l'inégalité de traitement sur le marché du travail. Nous proposons ensuite des mesures économétriques des barrières discriminatoires à l'accès à l'emploi, au temps plein et aux responsabilités hiérarchiques. Ces mesures nous permettent enfin de revenir sur l'identification et l'évaluation de la ségrégation verticale, de la discrimination salariale, et de la discrimination positive dans les politiques de l'emploi.
Ouali, Nouria. "Migration et accès au marché du: les effets émancipateurs sur la condition des femmes issues de l'immigration". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210479.
Texto completoL'étude tente d'abord de mettre en lumière le rôle des femmes immigrées dans l'histoire de la Belgique en le ré-articulant à l'histoire sociale, l'histoire des femmes et l'histoire de l'immigration. Ensuite, elle montre que l'approche dominante des travaux sur les migrations ne prend pas en compte la dimension du genre, ce qui a pour conséquence de masquer la différenciation des expériences migratoires selon le sexe. Enfin, elle replace l'analyse du statut des femmes immigrées et de leurs descendantes dans la complexité des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe afin de mieux rendre compte des réalités concrètes et de sortir du simplisme des approches culturalistes.
La thèse développe une analyse des politiques d'intégration (politiques éducative, de l'emploi et de lutte contre les discriminations) visant l'émancipation des immigrées et en évalue l'impact sur les filles de migrant-es d'origine marocaine. Elle présente enfin les trajectoires individuelles des filles de migrant.es marocain.es et examine les facteurs individuels et collectifs favorisant leur émancipation.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Khadra, Salma. "Garçon fantasmé, fille née : étude psychanalytique des enjeux de la réalité sociale patriarcale sur le destin du féminin chez des femmes libanaises". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC033.
Texto completoLebanon is based on a patriarchal society whose multiple demands include the birth of a boy within families. We have seen that this requirement is supported by the women themselves, who say they want more than anything the motherhood of a son, if possible the first born. This desire so often expressed seems to support Freud's phallocentric theory, which poses for women a primary desire for the penis and its resolution through the birth of a male child. However, other theories on the psychosexual development of women have already emerged among Freud's direct disciples and then in contemporary psychoanalytical theorizations.We wanted to explore this question by studying, through clinical research interviews and the passing of projective tests, the psychosexual development of young women to whom from an early age, their environment and especially their mother, had explicitly told them that they had wanted a boy during their pregnancy.If this did not allow us to settle the debate between phallocentric theory and other theories, our work has shown that when the unconscious desire, certainly driven by its unconscious conflicts related to its own psychosexual development, meets the desire to respond as well as possible to the social constraint of patriarchal society, women enjoy a certain fulfillment. On the other hand, it must be noted that, otherwise, women pay a heavy price in the form of accidents or voluntary perinatal events and great psychological suffering. We have also been able to highlight the induction of disorders in early relationships with their newborn daughter who make the bed at a deadly transgenerational repetition. Thus, in turn, and despite the fact that they regret having suffered from their status as born girls, they wish to give birth to a boy
Leclerc, Thomas. "Les mesures correctives des émissions aériennes de gaz à effet de serre : Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre les ordres juridiques en droit international public". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0751/document.
Texto completoLooking for a global and corrective measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions frominternational civil aviation has been facing legal obstacles. These obstacles took the form ofconflicts of norms linked to the general challenge of the interactions between international aviationlaw, climate change law and the law of the European Union. Using evolutionary interpretation ofthe Chicago Convention in order to reconcile norms of substantive and institutional nature emergedas the best solution. However, this method perpetuates legal uncertainty and poses the generalchallenge of flexibly and elasticity of the Chicago Convention in response to the climate changechallenge. This study examines the above mentioned issues of interactions between legal ordersand provides recommendations to restore legal certainty needed to ensure sustainable developmentof international civil aviation. More specifically, this study reveals the underestimated relevance ofthe ongoing distinction between the legal regimes of air navigation and air transport, which is a keylegal element in the search for a global and corrective solution to the impact of international civilaviation on climate change
Pelletier, Karine. "Le harcèlement sexuel et la discrimination fondée sur le sexe et la grossesse : les tribunaux d'arbitrage et le Tribunal des droits de la personne". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17814.
Texto completoDrouin, Geneviève. "La discrimination en emploi fondée sur le handicap psychologique". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1547.
Texto completoDubois, Mélanie. "L'exclusion des femmes des ministères catholiques : une discrimination basée sur le sexe". Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/724/1/M10138.pdf.
Texto completoMalka, Valérie. "Mesure de discrimination envers l'apparence physique au sein d'orchestres symphoniques". Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2419/1/M11102.pdf.
Texto completoEddaimi, Fatiha. "Les musulmanes face à la discrimination au Québec : mythe ou réalité?" Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5119/1/M12635.pdf.
Texto completoPelletier, Annie. "La discrimination en emploi fondée sur les antécédents judiciaires : les tribunaux d'arbitrage, le Tribunal des droits de la personne et les tribunaux de droit commun". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1566.
Texto completoHamel, Caroline. "L'interaction des inégalités sociales (sexe, race et origine sociale) et son influence sur les aspirations scolaires et les représentations de situations éducatives /". 1997. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=740668011&sid=19&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completoBeaudoin, Marie-Hélène. "L'âge, un motif autorisé de discrimination? : étude critique des effets conjugués des articles 10 de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne et 15 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés comme obstacles à la protection contre la discrimination fondée sur l'âge". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2396.
Texto completoThe present Master's Thesis raises questions regarding the singular treatment to which "age" has been subjected as a prohibited ground of discrimination, under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom and the Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms. We will see that even though age discrimination is not strictly "authorised", it is nonetheless often held to be acceptable. First, we will synoptically review the concepts of discrimination and equality which emanate from section 10 of the Quebec Charter and section 15 of the Canadian Charter. Then, we will identify a certain number of legislative limits which affect these rights, and may constitute significant obstacles in the effective fight against age discrimination. Finally, we will allow ourselves to advance sorne critical thoughts, highlighting how the peculiar perspective thatjudges have taken in age discrimination matters has introduced non sequiturs in the overall logic that can be drawn from the more general equality jurisprudence.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M.)"
Cloutier, Geneviève. "La contribution de l’identité professionnelle à la problématique des agressions fondées sur le sexe et sur le genre dans les métiers spécialisés : une étude dans les secteurs de la construction et manufacturier au Québec". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21771.
Texto completoSotiron, Jean-Michel. "Le Bharatiya Janata Party et ses conflits internes tel que vus par le traitement des minorités religieuses de l'Inde". Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4160/1/M11964.pdf.
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