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Freitas, Manuel Jerónimo. "China and India in the Indian Ocean: A Study of Strategic Importance and its Influence on Geopolitical Dynamics and Security Policies". Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, n.º 3 (30 de marzo de 2024): 152–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i03.014.
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This article explores the strategic significance of the Indian Ocean for China and India, examining how their actions influence geopolitical dynamics and security policies. The Indian Ocean, a vital global trade route, has seen increased attention from both nations through their naval expansions, infrastructure investments, and diplomatic engagements. This has sparked debates about potential competition, strategic rivalries, and the implications for regional security. The study aims to understand the impact of China and India's activities in the Indian Ocean and their potential for cooperation or conflict. The research question focuses on how these actions affect regional security. The methodology employed is a qualitative research approach, incorporating a literature review, document analysis, case studies, and a comparative analysis of China and India's strategies in the Indian Ocean. The results highlight the Indian Ocean as a critical geopolitical arena undergoing significant transformations due to the actions of China and India. The rise of these two powers has the potential to either lead to conflict and instability or contribute to regional stability by providing public goods such as anti-piracy patrols and disaster relief efforts.
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Chowdhury, Tazrina, Paul Arbon, Malinda Steenkamp, Mayumi Kako y Kristine Gebbie. "Exploring Health Challenges of South Asian Women at the Evacuation Centers after Disasters". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (mayo de 2019): s31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000803.
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Introduction:Globally, women are considered to be more vulnerable during disasters. South Asia including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Nepal experience many disasters, and are also ranked lowest on the gender equality index. Women of these countries tend to face many health challenges while staying at evacuation centers after disasters.Aim:This study highlights the health challenges South Asian women face while staying in evacuation centers after disasters.Methods:A narrative review was conducted using the keywords, “women after disaster,” “evacuation centers,” and “emergency health care.” Literature identified from the references were also added until reaching saturation. 47 articles were obtained through Elsevier, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ProQuest.Results:Women in shelters in South Asian countries experienced many health challenges including genito-urinary tract infections (studies from India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh), increased maternal mortality (Nepal and Pakistan), and sexual assault with resulting unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV (Nepal). Factors that contributed were the unavailability of separate toilets, inadequate sanitation, lack of sanitary supplies, and inadequate childbirth and maternity care resources. Rape victims at the shelters of Myanmar received delayed medical treatments, causing long-term health complications. Post-disaster stress and trauma were evident among women at the shelters initiated by insecurity, fear of abuse, and unfair relief distribution.Discussion:Women face certain challenges when staying in evacuation shelters in South Asian countries, which impacts their wellbeing after disasters. It is important to recognize women’s special requirements and to preserve women’s rights while developing disaster preparedness strategies. Socio-cultural perspectives of the disaster-prone areas should be considered at the policy planning level to ensure an effective and practical health-safety system. Additionally, further research focusing on women’s wellbeing at the evacuation centers is required to inform and overcome health challenges faced by women living in the shelters.
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Bhushan, Sanjay. "System Dynamics Base-Model of Humanitarian Supply Chain (HSCM) in Disaster Prone Eco-Communities of India". International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 6, n.º 3 (julio de 2017): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2017070102.
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Humanitarian Supply Chain is central to the capacity building in the eco-communities which are located in the disaster prone regions. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop a system dynamics model of humanitarian supply chain in order to capture causal dynamics and inter linkages within the system under investigation and suggest some critical intervention strategies for enhancing overall performance. An economic sub-sector base model for the Indian tribal communities has been calibrated and used for simulation analysis as a reference case-study. Conclusion & Results: It has been established through the simulation results that the success of short-term relief work lies in the long-term capacity building and, is critical to the performance of both current and future humanitarian operations and programs. The scenarios studied in this paper are with respect to those crucial decision environments and their underlying complexities which create an inherent endogenous dynamics perpetuated by various stakeholders giving functional response towards the humanitarian supply chain.
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Chavan, Meena, Sunaina Gowan y Joanna Vogeley. "Collaborative corporate social responsibility praxis: case studies from India". Social Responsibility Journal 19, n.º 2 (25 de marzo de 2022): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-06-2021-0216.
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Purpose This study aims to explore how corporate social responsibility (CSR) has assumed a new meaning today, with the COVID-19 pandemic. This, in turn, has changed the way companies now view the impact of their activities on the environment, customers, employees, community and other stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a qualitative case study approach and draws a critical lens to document the complex interplay between dimensions of CSR, business sustainability and social issues, applying theoretical tools such as social capital theory and stakeholder theory to elucidate the nature of collaborative managerial responses to the organisation’s challenges during the pandemic. This is a case study paper. This paper applies multi method approach to develop a case study analysis through participant observation and report analysis to investigate the CSR approaches undertaken in India by Infosys Genesis, a global leader in technology services and consulting, and Akshaya Patra Foundation, a non-governmental organisation (NGO), which operates the world’s largest lunch school program. This was an appropriate methodology since the focus was on an area that was little understood, while the analysis required an in-depth understanding of a complex phenomenon through observation and a case study. In addition, case study research has been recommended for how, why and what type of research questions that focus on contemporary events (Saunders et al., 2003; Yin, 1994), such as CSR participation in the existing business environment. Furthermore, the issue under investigation is a real-life situation where the limitations between the phenomenon and the body of knowledge are unclear (Yin, 1994). This was the case because CSR has been probed by numerous disciplines through the application of various theoretical frameworks, each interpreting the context from their own perspective. Leximancer was used for the analysis (a text-mining software for visualising the structure of concepts and themes across case studies). This process differs from the traditional content analysis in that specific word strings are not needed; instead, Leximancer recognises what concepts are present in a set of texts, permitting concepts to be automatically coded in a grounded fashion (Cretchley et al., 2010, p. 2). The paper will be looked at from three levels comprising themes, concepts and concept profiling to create rich and reliable dimensions of a theoretical model (Myers, 2008). The themes are created in Leximancer software and are built on an algorithm that looks for hidden repeated patterns in interactions. The concepts add a layer and discover which concepts are shared by actors. The concept profiling allows to discover additional concepts and allows to do a discriminant analysis on prior concepts (Cretchley et al., 2010). Words that come up frequently are treated as concepts. Although the limited number of cases does not represent the entire sector, it enabled collection of rich data through quotes revealing some of the most crucial aspects of large organisations and non-profits in India. Findings The findings demonstrate how these robust, innovative, collaborative CSR initiatives between a multinational firm and an NGO have been leveraged to combat manifold issues of education, employment and hunger during the pandemic. Research limitations/implications Despite significant implications, this study has limitations. A response from only two companies is investigated to the COVID-19 pandemic. The scope of this study is only India, a developing nation, thereby, cross country research is recommended. A comparative study between developed and developing countries may be conducted. A quantitative approach may be used to get empirical findings of the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic policies of companies from an international perspective. Hence, there is ample opportunity to research organisations’ response to the pandemic and CSR as a strong arm to deal with critical disasters. Practical implications The paper offers new insights into exploring research and praxis agenda for collaborative potentials towards the evolution of CSR and sustainability. Social implications The findings develop new initiatives and combat manifold issues of education, employment and hunger during the pandemic to provide quick relief. Originality/value The paper offers new insights into how companies are considering issues related to the crisis, including avoidance of layoffs and maintaining wage payments, and may be in a better position to access fresh capital, relief programs and emergency funds. Taking proactive health and safety measures may avert legal risks to the company. It is likely that the way in which companies are responding to the crises is a real-life test on resilience and adaptation.
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Ganguly, Kunal K., R. K. Padhy y Siddharth Shankar Rai. "Managing the humanitarian supply chain: a fuzzy logic approach". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 8, n.º 5 (13 de noviembre de 2017): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2015-0038.
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Purpose Humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM) in today’s environment faces the challenges such as information availability, inventory management, collaboration, logistics related issues and preparedness. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the HSCM performance, considering the consequences in terms of operation, recovery and responsiveness based on the fuzzy estimates of the components presented. Design/methodology/approach In the study, triangulation approach was adapted for collecting data and developing a hierarchical structure for humanitarian supply chain performance assessment. The relationships between HSCM performance and its suddenness and required preparedness are depicted by cause and effect diagrams. The concepts of fuzzy association and fuzzy composition are applied to identify relationships. Findings In the hierarchy presented, the performance in a disaster situation, preparedness and suddenness of the situation and factors that influence the above are modeled. The taxonomy is developed for describing the relationship between factors, their likelihoods and impacts to achieve consistent quantification. Research limitations/implications The study considers case studies from Indian conditions; however, conditions in other countries and their practices for the disaster management may vary to certain extent. Practical implications A methodology presented for evaluating the exposures in considering the consequences in terms of responsiveness, operations, recovery, mitigation and emergency response. The study may help the humanitarian relief practitioners to understand the insights of the disaster situations using the proposed framework. Originality/value A common language for describing the different factors of HSCM is presented, which includes terms for quantifying likelihoods and impacts. The concept of fuzzy association and fuzzy composition has been applied to identify relationships between sources and consequences on HSCM performance. The use of descriptive linguistic variables is ensured through the implementation of fuzzy logic.
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Bremer, Rannveig. "Policy Development in Disaster Preparedness and Management: Lessons Learned from the January 2001 Earthquake in Gujarat, India". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2003): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001345.
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AbstractIntroduction:During the last decades, several humanitarian emergencies have occurred, with an increasing number of humanitarian organizations taking part in providing assistance. However, need assessments, medical intelligence, and coordination of the aid often are sparse, resulting in the provision of ineffective and expensive assistance. When an earthquake with the strength of 7.7 on the Richter scale struck the state of Gujarat, India, during the early morning on 26 January 2001, nearly 20,000 persons were killed, nearly 170,000 were injured, and 600,000 were rendered homeless. This study identifies how assigned indicators to measure the level of health care may improve disaster preparedness and management, thus, reducing human suffering.Methods:During a two-week mission in the disaster area, the disaster relief provided to the disaster-affected population of Gujarat was evaluated. Vulnerability due to climate, geography, culture, religion, gender, politics, and economy, as each affected the outcome, was studied. By assigning indicators to the eight ELEMENTS of the Primary Health Care System as advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO), the level of public health and healthcare services were estimated, an evaluation of the impact of the disaster was conducted, and possible methods for improving disaster management are suggested. Representatives of the major relief organizations involved were interviewed on their relief policies. Strategies to improve disaster relief, such as policy development in the different aspects of public health/primary health care, were sought.Results:Evaluation of the pre-event status of the affected society revealed a complex situation in a vulnerable society with substantial deficiencies in the existing health system that added to the severity of the disaster. Most of the civilian hospitals had collapsed, and army field hospitals provided medical care to most of the patients under primitive conditions using tents. When the foreign field hospitals arrived 5 to 7 days after the earthquake, most of the casualties requiring surgical intervention already had been operated on. Relief provided to the disaster victims had reduced quality for the following reasons: (1) proper public health indicators had not yet been developed; (2) efficient coordination was lacking; (3) insufficient, overestimated, or partly irrelevant relief was provided; (4) relief was delayed because of bureaucracy; and (5) policies on the delivery of disaster relief had not been developed.Conclusion:To optimize the effectiveness of limited resources, disaster preparedness and the provision of feasible and necessary aid is of utmost importance. An appropriate, rapid, crisis intervention could be achieved by continual surveillance of the world's situation by a Relief Coordination Center. A panel of experts could evaluate and coordinate the international disaster responses and make use of stored emergency material and emergency teams. A successful disaster response will depend on accurate and relevant medical intelligence and socio-geographical mapping in advance of, during, and after the event(s) causing the disaster. More effective and feasible equipment coordinated with the relief provided by the rest of the world is necessary. If policies and agreements are developed as part of disaster preparedness, on international, bilateral, and national levels, disaster relief may be more relevant, less chaotic, and easier to estimate, thus, bringing improved relief to the disaster victims.
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Pujawan, I. Nyoman, Nani Kurniati y Naning A. Wessiani. "Supply chain management for Disaster Relief Operations: principles and case studies". International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 5, n.º 6 (2009): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2009.024797.
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Shao, Jianfang, Changyong Liang, Xihui Wang, Xiang Wang y Liang Liang. "Relief Demand Calculation in Humanitarian Logistics Using Material Classification". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 2 (16 de enero de 2020): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020582.
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Demand calculation, which is the base of most logistics decisions and activities, is a critical work in humanitarian logistics (HL). However, previous studies on demand calculation in HL mainly focus on demand forecasting methodology, with many neglecting the checklist of critical supplies and practice background. This work proposes a new method for relief demand calculation by dividing the process into two parts: supply classification and demand calculation. A general method for classifying relief supplies and clarifying the checklist of relief items for multi-disaster and multiple natural scenarios is given in detail, followed by the procedure of demand calculation for each relief material. The authors present a case study to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method based on the disaster response practice in China. Detailed lists of relief demand for different types and severities of disaster are provided.
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Bush, Robin, Philip Fountain y R. Michael Feener. "Religious Actors in Disaster Relief: An Introduction". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 33, n.º 1 (marzo de 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701503300101.
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The neglected intersection between religion and disaster relief should be given much greater attention. This emerging field is an intellectually compelling area for study, though much work stills needs to be done to explore the processes that take place on the ground in different settings. It is also important for practitioners and policy makers involved in disaster response to have a nuanced understanding of the work that religious actors undertake. This special issue begins with an interview with representatives of prominent humanitarian organizations, all of whom call for greater attention to the work of religious actors in disaster relief. The following case studies provide a textured empirical analysis of religious responses to disasters in contemporary Asia. By attending to particular contexts it is shown that religious actors can and do play important yet complex roles in relief processes. This special issue – edited by Philip Fountain, Robin Bush, and R. Michael Feener – aims to critically examine these diverse intersections and also help set future research agendas on the subject.
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Stevens, Johan, Janjaap Semeijn y Cees Johannes Gelderman. "Saving lives with fewer discussions - coordination between military and non-military organisations during disaster relief operations". Central European Review of Economics and Management 3, n.º 2 (26 de junio de 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.738.
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Purpose: This study focusses on the coordination required between military and non-military organisations during humanitarian disasters. Design / Research methods: An in-depth case study was conducted of the disaster relief operation after hurricane Matthew on Haiti in October 2016. We investigated the support of the Dutch military organization and its coordination with the non-military relief organizations. We examined coordination issues at operational, tactical, and strategic levels. Findings: The study shows that no coordination problems occurred at operational level. At the tactical level, cultural differences between military and non-military organizations resulted in coordination problems and deviant perspectives on urgency. At the strategic level, there was a disagreement between the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Dutch Ministry of Defence regarding the Oslo Guidelines. A minority agreed that the guidelines actually apply to military organizations during disaster relief operations. Practical implications: The coordination between the military organization and the non-military relief organization during disaster relief operations can be improved by promoting common and mutual respect and defining a clear tasks and role fulfilments. A first step to improve the coordination is to get familiarity and clarity on the Oslo Guidelines. Another step for improvement is for the military organization to accept that it has no leading but an assistance role during disaster relief operations. Research limitations/implications: A single case study limits the external validity of the results, although useful insights were gained. Future research could address the role of the Oslo Guidelines during disaster relief operations. Are these guidelines still valid, should they be updated, and are the sufficiently known by all relief organizations, including the military? Originality/value of the article: The world is faced with an increasing occurrence of disasters affecting human lives. More lives could be saved when military and non-military organizations would work together more effectively. This is one of the first studies to explore the terms of engagement at the start of relief operations.
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Mishra, Bhupesh Kumar, Keshav Dahal y Zeeshan Pervez. "Dynamic Relief Items Distribution Model with Sliding Time Window in the Post-Disaster Environment". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 16 (21 de agosto de 2022): 8358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168358.
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In smart cities, relief items distribution is a complex task due to the factors such as incomplete information, unpredictable exact demand, lack of resources, and causality levels, to name a few. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, dynamic data update provides the scope of distribution schedule to adopt changes with updates. Therefore, the dynamic relief items distribution schedule becomes a need to generate humanitarian supply chain schedules as a smart city application. To address the disaster data updates in different time periods, a dynamic optimised model with a sliding time window is proposed that defines the distribution schedule of relief items from multiple supply points to different disaster regions. The proposed model not only considers the details of available resources dynamically but also introduces disaster region priority along with transportation routes information updates for each scheduling time slot. Such an integrated optimised model delivers an effective distribution schedule to start with and updates it for each time slot. A set of numerical case studies is formulated to evaluate the performance of the optimised scheduling. The dynamic updates on the relief item demands’ travel path, causality level and available resources parameters have been included as performance measures for optimising the distributing schedule. The models have been evaluated based on performance measures to reflect disaster scenarios. Evaluation of the proposed models in comparison to the other perspective static and dynamic relief items distribution models shows that adopting dynamic updates in the distribution model cover most of the major aspects of the relief items distribution task in a more realistic way for post-disaster relief management. The analysis has also shown that the proposed model has the adaptability to address the changing demand and resources availability along with disaster conditions. In addition, this model will also help the decision-makers to plan the post-disaster relief operations in more effective ways by covering the updates on disaster data in each time period.
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Pant, Vedika. "Disaster Risk Analysis (DRA): Case Studies from Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, India." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1, n.º 6 (2012): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-0162426.
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Feldstein, Bruce y Robert Weiss. "Refugee Camp Medical Care During Cambodian Disaster Relief". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045192.
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The Khao I Dang Holding Center for Kampucheans opened November 21, 1979 as part of an effort to bring relief to the thousands of Cambodian on the eastern frontier of Thailand. The camp population increased from 4800 that first day to 50,000 by December 1, 1979 and 110,000 by mid-January, 1980. Sixty-one percent (61%) of the population were 15 years of age and older; 12% of these over 44. Thirty-nine percent (39%) were children under 15.Although each disaster is unique, the medical problems for a type of disaster in a stated area are considered predictable. This was not the case at Khao I Dang for hospital pysicians in providing patient care. It has been shown that relief efforts are amenable to study, yet such studies have been handicapped by a lack of data. Since major disasters involving international aid are reported several times a year, the problem is considerable.
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Kabra, Gaurav y A. Ramesh. "An empirical investigation of the enablers in humanitarian supply chain management in India". Journal of Advances in Management Research 12, n.º 1 (5 de mayo de 2015): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-01-2014-0005.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the perception of stakeholders, i.e. disaster victims, volunteers and managers, who were involved in relief activities, toward the enablers in humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM) with special emphasis on heart wrenching and deadliest disaster, that occurred in the Uttarakhand (a northern state in India) on June 14, 2013. Design/methodology/approach – A detailed case study of the recently disaster, that occurred in the Uttarakhand has been carried out to investigate the enablers associated with the HSCM and the data were collected from published literature and newspaper articles, semi-structured interviews with academic experts and practitioners, hypothesis were formulated and tested using analysis of variance. Findings – The findings of the study indicate that, there is no significant difference in the perception of disaster victims, volunteers and managers toward the enablers in HSCM in India. There is a strong need for more effective and efficient monitoring of over-exploitation of the mountainous regions, Geographic Information Systems mapping of the state and a separate disaster communication network. Research limitations/implications – The scope of study is limited to flash floods that occurred in the Uttarakhand. Extending the research on other types of disaster could be considered as the scope for further research. Practical implications – The paper investigates some of the enablers of HSCM and discusses some of the emerging issues and lessons learned from the disaster that occurred in the Uttarakhand, in managing future disasters in India and the other world. Originality/value – This paper presents the first attempt in India with its combination of field-based qualitative research and survey analysis to investigate the enablers of HSCM in India.
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Kwon, Seol A. y Sang Il Ryu. "What Role Do Disaster Victims Play as the Mainstream for Future Disaster Preparedness in Korea? Case Studies of Foundations Established by Disaster Victims". Social Sciences 9, n.º 10 (14 de octubre de 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9100182.
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Historically, the primary agents performing key roles in disaster preparedness, as well as risk mitigation and vulnerability reduction, in Korea have been the central government, local government, and regional government. Recently, and without controversy, the disaster management paradigm has shifted from disaster relief to disaster preparedness, risk mitigation, and vulnerability reduction. This study examines case studies in an effort to document the integral roles that direct victims and their families have played in disaster preparedness. The success of the Foundation for Disaster Preparation, established by survivors of disasters, is analyzed through a framework using media interviews. The results of this study demonstrate that disaster survivors and bereaved families play significant roles as primary agents in the effective management of various regeneration projects as well as in the strengthening of resilience after disasters. As the case studies show, legitimate disaster victims are more informed concerning the requirements for disaster management because they have experienced first-hand the trauma caused by a disaster and its aftermath. These subdivided activities are expected to provide assistance by characteristics of local governments, types of disasters, and targets.
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Asai, Nobuyuki. "Function of Social Capital Embedded in Religious Communities at Times of Disaster: Cases of Disaster Relief Activity by a Muslim Community and a Soka Gakkai Community in Japan". Journal of Disaster Research 13, n.º 7 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 1323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1323.
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In studies of disasters, cases of religious communities providing support to victims at times of disaster have been reported. Such support can be understood as a function of social capital within religious communities. This paper considers the case studies of disaster relief activities provided by a Muslim community and a Soka Gakkai Buddhist community in Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016. It also analyzes how each religious community functioned from the viewpoints of three kinds of social capital: “bonding,” “bridging,” and “linking” and identify challenges faced by religious communities at times of disaster.
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Heersink, Boris, Brenton D. Peterson y Jeffery A. Jenkins. "Disasters and Elections: Estimating the Net Effect of Damage and Relief in Historical Perspective". Political Analysis 25, n.º 2 (abril de 2017): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2017.7.
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Do natural disasters help or hurt politicians’ electoral fortunes? Research on this question has produced conflicting results. Achen and Bartels (2002, 2016) find that voters punish incumbent politicians indiscriminately after such disasters. Other studies find that voters incorporate the quality of relief efforts by elected officials. We argue that results in this literature may be driven, in part, by a focus on contemporary cases of disaster and relief. In contrast, we study a case of catastrophic flooding in the American South in 1927, in which disaster aid was broadly and fairly distributed and Herbert Hoover (the 1928 Republican presidential candidate) was personally responsible for overseeing the relief efforts. Despite the distribution of unprecedented levels of disaster aid, we find that voters punished Hoover at the polls: in affected counties, Hoover’s vote share decreased by more than 10 percentage points. Our results are robust to the use of synthetic control methods and suggest that—even if voters distinguish between low- and high-quality responses—the aggregate effect of this disaster remains broadly negative. Our findings provide some support for Achen and Bartels’ idea of blind retrospection, but also generate questions about the precise mechanisms by which damage and relief affect vote choice.
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Cozzolino, Alessandra, Ewa Wankowicz y Enrico Massaroni. "Logistics service providers’ engagement in disaster relief initiatives". International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 9, n.º 3/4 (18 de septiembre de 2017): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-04-2017-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the contribution of logistics service providers’ (LSPs) initiatives to disaster relief and how LSPs are engaged with humanitarian sector. In recent years, the importance of logistics services in disaster relief operations and the capacity of LSPs to improve humanitarian supply chain management have become an increasingly interesting topic for both professionals and academics. Design/methodology/approach This research follows a qualitative approach based on multiple case studies. Findings The current research, after considering the differences and similarities among collaboration, cooperation and coordination and underlining how crucial these mechanisms are in the humanitarian context, explains the contribution of LSPs to relief operations alongside humanitarians. Research limitations/implications There has been increased interest in humanitarian logistics on the part of international academic and professional communities. This study constitutes a first exploratory step in the research to build a platform for benchmarking analysis of logistics services that aims to ensure the effective implementation of social responsibility principles. Practical implications The managerial implications arising from the research offer a range of current responsible actions from which strategic and operative directions to contribute can be derived. Originality/value Humanitarian logistics represents a crucial field in logistics management. This paper addresses the innovative socially responsible initiatives undertaken by the main international LSPs in the area of humanitarian logistics.
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Janse, Harmen y Kees van der Flier. "Cordaid’s Post-Disaster Shelter Strategy in Haiti: Linking Relief and Development". Open House International 39, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2014): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2014-b0009.
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Haiti was struck by a heavy earthquake in 2010 and international aid poured into the country. News reports in 2011 were not very positive about the results of post-disaster reconstruction: “The relief efforts are only putting Haiti on life-support instead of evolving into the next stage of development”. One of the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in Haiti was Cordaid, implementing a ‘transitional shelter strategy’ to support the transformation of neigh-bourhoods from a state of life-support into a state of self-sustaining development. The strategy was implemented in both a rural and an urban area. The main feature of the strategy was the provision of structures that could be adapted from simple shelters to permanent houses. Since the results of the strategy were mixed and ambiguous, a comparative case study was conducted to evaluate the shelter strategy in both areas. The objective was to draw lessons about what has to be taken into account when formulating future urban shelter strategies. The case study is discussed in this article. The main finding from the case study is that producing the intended number of shelters within the financial and time budgets that were set (efficiency), was more difficult in the urban area than in the rural area. But the conditions for linking relief and development (effectiveness) are more favourable in the urban context. NGOs may achieve long-term (effective) results in the urban context when a lower efficiency can be justified. That is why NGOs need to engage in a debate about the extent to which they are able to focus on long-term shelter or housing strategies. The important element in the debate is communication with the donors who are often focused on short-term relief measures. However urban areas cannot be rebuilt with only short-term interventions. The link between relief and development has to be made by a process-orientated approach focusing on capacities of local participants.
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PALTEMAA, LAURI. "Serve the City! Urban disaster governance in Tianjin city 1958–1962". Modern Asian Studies 49, n.º 4 (24 de febrero de 2015): 1143–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000079.
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AbstractUsing new archival materials, internal publications, and gazetteers as its sources, this article studies the conduct of disaster governance in Tianjin city during the Great Leap Forward famine from 1958–1962. The city was organizationally well able to implement disaster relief efforts, and early on it took a number of measures to control and mitigate the food crisis that began in the city in early 1959. However, Maoist campaign-based disaster management could not work well when other campaigns were prioritized in its stead. Lacking central sanction for a major disaster relief effort, city leaders resorted to strategies that prioritized its residents over suburban peasants and outsiders. The city actively sought resources from outside while trying to prevent their outward flows. The city's own production of vegetables must not be overlooked as one of the reasons for better survival rates among urban residents, but even this policy was hampered by other Great Leap Forward initiatives. In the case of Tianjin, urban disaster governance of the famine was inward-looking and, at the same time, constrained and reliant on the central government.
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Ferrer, José M., M. Teresa Ortuño y Gregorio Tirado. "A New Ant Colony-Based Methodology for Disaster Relief". Mathematics 8, n.º 4 (3 de abril de 2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8040518.
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Humanitarian logistics in response to large scale disasters entails decisions that must be taken urgently and under high uncertainty. In addition, the scarcity of available resources sometimes causes the involved organizations to suffer assaults while transporting the humanitarian aid. This paper addresses the last mile distribution problem that arises in such an insecure environment, in which vehicles are often forced to travel together forming convoys for security reasons. We develop an elaborated methodology based on Ant Colony Optimization that is applied to two case studies built from real disasters, namely the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2005 Niger famine. There are very few works in the literature dealing with problems in this context, and that is the research gap this paper tries to fill. Furthermore, the consideration of multiple criteria such as cost, time, equity, reliability, security or priority, is also an important contribution to the literature, in addition to the use of specialized ants and effective pheromones that are novel elements of the algorithm which could be exported to other similar problems. Computational results illustrate the efficiency of the new methodology, confirming it could be a good basis for a decision support tool for real operations.
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Shavarani, Seyed Mahdi. "Multi-level facility location-allocation problem for post-disaster humanitarian relief distribution". Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 9, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2019): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-05-2018-0036.
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Purpose Previously use of drones as a relief distribution vehicle was studied in several studies where required number of drones and the best locations for the relief centers were investigated. The maximum travel distance of drones without a need to recharge is limited by their endurance. Recharge stations can be used to extend the coverage area of the drones. The purpose of this paper is to find the best topology for both relief centers and recharge stations to cover a large-scale area with minimum and feasible incurred costs and waiting times. Design/methodology/approach A multi-level facility location problem (FLP) is utilized to find the optimum number of relief centers and refuel stations and their locations. It is supposed that the demand occurs according to Poisson distribution. The allocation of the demand is based on nearest neighborhood method. A hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The performance of the algorithm is examined through a case study. Findings The proposed method delivers increased efficiency and responsiveness of the humanitarian relief system. The coverage area of the drones is extended by refuel stations, total costs of the system are reduced and the time to respond an emergency, which is an important factor in survival rate, is significantly decreased. Originality/value This study proposes a multi-level FLP to simultaneously account for recharge stations, relief centers and the number of required drones to cover all the demand for relief in a post-disaster period.
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Due, Clemence, Kirrilly Thompson y Danielle Every. "‘An Image of Hope in a Week of Despair’: Representations of Sam the Koala in the Australian Mainstream News Media". Media International Australia 151, n.º 1 (mayo de 2014): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100107.
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Natural disasters are events with far-reaching humanitarian implications that frequently receive international attention through the use of an image that comes to represent the disaster in question. The most successful images often comprise ‘identifiable’ and therefore human victims. What is more unusual is for a single animal image to become representative of an entire disaster. This was the case with the 2009 Victorian bushfires in Australia, when the image of a firefighter offering a koala a drink gained international fame. Given that this image of ‘Sam’ the koala does not conform to traditional disaster imagery, we undertook a thematic analysis of mainstream news media representations of Sam in order to identify how she was represented by the media. In this article, we discuss these themes in relation to the ‘identifiable victim’, together with the implications of Sam's success in terms of disaster-relief campaigns.
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GOli, Alireza, Mani Bakhshi y Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee. "A Review on Main Challenges of Disaster Relief Supply Chain to Reduce Casualties in Case of Natural Disasters". Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 7, n.º 02 (29 de septiembre de 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol7iss02pp21-28.
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Iran is among the ten disaster-prone countries and, in terms of earthquake, it has been ranked the sixth in the world. Although the damages caused by the disasters are not irreversible from different aspects, they could be reduced to minimum by choosing appropriate preventive actions as well as preparedness plans to counteract the impacts of these incidents. According to the increasing trend of disasters and crises which destroy businesses and communities, considering relief supply chain under crisis situations (HDRSC), in the wide field of supply chain management (SCM), is necessary and vital. Even though considerable volume of research have been done in the field of supply chain and with the focus on the disaster relief, few studies have addressed its complex features and properties. So, this paper concentrates on the activities such as demand determination and supply chain coordination. This research provides the supply chain managers who are faced with similar problems in other environments with valuable insights.
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Fraile-Garrido, Patricia y Inés Martín-Robles. "From shelters to communities: Frederick Cuny's approach to disaster relief". ZARCH, n.º 22 (27 de junio de 2024): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2024229788.
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This article examines the enduring influence of Frederick Cuny, a pioneering humanitarian whose work revolutionized disaster relief and refugee camp design. It explores Cuny's legacy in reshaping notions of permanence and temporality in camps, blurring the lines between these spaces and conventional cities. Cuny's approach challenged traditional rigid grid layouts, emphasizing community-based, decentralized designs that prioritized open spaces. His principles of community participation, development over aid, and the shift from shelter products to sheltering processes - ideas that the article links to the work of John F.C. Turner - continue to shape contemporary disaster management strategies. By examining two important case studies in which Cuny was involved, Camp Choloma and Program Kuchuba’l, the article also underscores the vital link between the spatial organization of camps and their social dynamics, emphasizing how camps evolve into permanent communities. Cuny's groundbreaking work remains highly pertinent in addressing modern challenges, including natural disasters, ongoing refugee crises, and substandard housing.
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Wang, Jian, Danqing Shen y Mingzhu Yu. "Multiobjective Optimization on Hierarchical Refugee Evacuation and Resource Allocation for Disaster Management". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (19 de agosto de 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8395714.
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This paper studies a location-allocation problem to determine the selection of emergency shelters, medical centers, and distribution centers after the disaster. The evacuation of refugees and allocation of relief resources are also considered. A mixed-integer nonlinear multiobjective programming model is proposed to characterize the problem. The hierarchical demand of different refugees and the limitations of relief resources are considered in the model. We employ a combination of the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm method to solve the complex model. To optimize the result of our proposed algorithm, we absorb the group search, crossover, and mutation operator of GA into SA. We conduct a case study in a district of Beijing in China to validate the proposed methodology. Some computational experiments are conducted to analyze the impact of different factors, such as the target weight setting, selection of candidate shelters, and quantity of relief resources.
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Santos, Andréa Cynthia. "New trends and opportunities in post-disaster relief optimization problems". Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 16, n.º 3 (29 de agosto de 2019): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2019.v16.n3.a14.
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Goal: Post-disaster operations are a challenging issue, which becomes very complex due to the high density of population in urban areas. Thus, efficient relief operations are very relevant in attenuating the impacts of disasters on the population. For this purpose, optimizing post disaster operations plays a key role, and such issues are focused on this contribution.
Design / Methodology / Approach: Optimization problems appearing in the aftermath of disasters, related to accessibility, distribution and facility location are summarized. They were addressed using real data and the core of such problems was identified in a bottom-up approach, by analyzing the situation on the ground.
Results: Examples of results are presented by means of maps with decision support information. A case study on an addressed location problem is described for the 2015 Kathmandu earthquake. In addition, new trends and opportunities are pointed out, taking into account technological tools, the endogenous characteristics of disasters and emerging applications.
Limitations of the investigation: Regarding the Kathmandu case study, two issues are left for future studies: the uncertain data associated with the affected population and the elasticity of demands.
Practical implications: The data treatment to produce inputs for the algorithms and suitable outputs for the relief teams highlight a collective effort and a real opportunity to use the results practically for humanitarian logistics.
Originality / Value: The optimization models were progressively approached to the situation on the ground, which permits us to identify difficult aspects of the problems, while remaining pragmatic enough to solve real issues.
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Zlatanova, S., T. Ghawana, A. Kaur y J. M. M. Neuvel. "Integrated flood disaster management and spatial information: Case studies of Netherlands and India". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (27 de noviembre de 2014): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-147-2014.
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Spatial Information is an integral part of flood management practices which include risk management & emergency response processes. Although risk & emergency management activities have their own characteristics, for example, related to the time scales, time pressure, activities & actors involved, it is still possible to identify at least one common challenge that constrains the ability of risk & emergency management to plan for & manage emergencies effectively and efficiently i.e. the need for better information. Considering this aspect, this paper explores flood management in Netherlands& India with an emphasis on spatial information requirements of each system. The paper examines the activities, actors & information needs related to flood management. Changing perspectives on flood management in Netherlands are studied where additional attention is being paid to the organization and preparation of flood emergency management. Role of different key actors involved in risk management is explored. Indian Flood management guidelines, by National Disaster Management Authority, are analyzed in context of their history, institutional framework, achievements and gaps. Flood Forecasting System of Central Water Commission of India is also analyzed in context of spatial dimensions. Further, information overlap between risk & emergency management from the perspectives of spatial planners & emergency responders and role of GIS based modelling / simulation is analyzed. Finally, the need for an integrated spatial information structure is explained & discussed in detail. This examination of flood management practices in the Netherlands and India with an emphasis on the required spatial information in these practices has revealed an increased recognition of the strong interdependence between risk management and emergency response processes. Consequently, the importance of an integrated spatial information infrastructure that facilitates the process of both risk and emergency management is addressed.
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Fisher, David. "Regulating the Helping Hand: Improving Legal Preparedness for Cross-Border Disaster Medicine". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, n.º 3 (junio de 2010): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008037.
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AbstractMedical care is a highly regulated field in nearly every country. Therefore, it is not surprising that legal issues regularly arise in cross-border disaster operations that have with the potential to profoundly impact the effectiveness of international assistance. Little attention has been paid to preparing for and addressing these kinds of issues. This paper will report on research by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on International Disaster Response Law, and discuss new developments in the international legal framework for addressing these issues.For seven years, the IFRC has studied legal issues in cross-border disaster assistance. Its activities have included several dozen case studies, a global survey of governments and humanitarian stakeholders, and a series of meetings and high-level conferences.The IFRC has found a consistent set of regulatory problems in major disaster relief operations related to the entry and regulation of international relief. These include some issues specific to the health field, such as the regulation of drug donations and the recognition of foreign medical qualifications. To address the gaps in domestic and international regulatory structures, the IFRC spearheaded the development of new international guidelines.The legal risks for international health providers in disaster settings are real and should be better integrated into program planning. Governments must become more proactive in ensuring that legal frameworks are flexible enough to mitigate these problems.
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Sakiani, Reza, Abbas Seifi y Reza Ramezani Khorshiddost. "A novel structure to model the distribution of relief items in a post-disaster situation". Journal of Modelling in Management 16, n.º 2 (22 de febrero de 2021): 441–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-11-2019-0257.
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Purpose There is usually a considerable shortage of resources and a lack of accurate data about the demand amount in a post-disaster situation. This paper aims to model the distribution and redistribution of relief items. When the new data on demand and resources become available the redistribution of previously delivered items may be necessary due to severe shortages in some locations and surplus inventory in other areas. Design/methodology/approach The presented model includes a vehicle routing problem in the first period and some network flow structures for succeeding periods of each run. Thereby, it can produce itineraries and loading plans for each vehicle in all periods when it is run in a rolling horizon manner. The fairness in distribution is sought by minimizing the maximum shortage of commodities among the affected areas while considering operational costs. Besides, equity of welfare in different periods is taken into account. Findings The proposed model is evaluated by a realistic case study. The results show that redistribution and multi-period planning can improve efficiency and fairness in supply after the occurrence of a disaster. Originality/value This paper proposes an operational model for distribution and redistribution of relief items considering the differences of items characteristics. The model integrates two well-known structures, vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery and network flow problem to take their advantages. To get more practical results, the model relaxes some simplifying assumptions commonly used in disaster relief studies. Furthermore, the model is used in a realistic case study.
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Xu, Peng, Qixing Liu y Yuhu Wu. "Energy Saving-Oriented Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows in Disaster Relief". Energies 16, n.º 4 (17 de febrero de 2023): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041992.
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This paper studies the distribution of emergency relief for electric vehicles (EVs), which considers energy saving, multi-depot, and vehicle routing problems with time windows, and the named energy saving-oriented multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows (ESMDVRPTW). Our aim is to find routes for EVs such that all the shelter demands are fulfilled during their time windows and the total cost traveled by the fleet is minimized. To this end, we formulate the ESMDVRPTW as a mixed-integer linear programming model. Since the post-disaster transportation network contains a large number of vertices and arcs composed of vertices, we propose a two-stage approach to solve the ESMDVRPTW. The first stage is to obtain the minimal travel cost between any two vertices in real-time on a post-disaster transportation network using the proposed Floyd algorithm combined with the neighboring list (Floyd-NL algorithm). In the second stage, we develop the genetic algorithm (GA) incorporating large neighborhood search (GA-LNS), which determines the delivery scheme of shelters. Simulation results of the MDVRPTW benchmark illustrate that the performance of the GA-LNS is better than GA, simulated annealing (SA) and tabu search (TS). Finally, case studies are constructed on two real cases acquired from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) generated by the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) in Ichihara city, Japan, and the test results of case studies show the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage approach.
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Apte, Aruna y Keenan Yoho. "Resource selection in support of humanitarian operations: a case of the United States Navy". Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 8, n.º 2 (6 de agosto de 2018): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2017-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a model for selecting specific assets to be used in relief and disaster response missions based on the capabilities of, and contributions to, the demanded need for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. During past disasters, the US Navy (USN) has responded with whatever ships were in the area regardless of their contribution to the need. The authors use data from the USN that has been gathered in other studies as an illustration of how the model may be applied to allocate the most useful vessels at the lowest cost. Design/methodology/approach A simple optimization model is used that utilizes scored capabilities as well as the estimated costs associated with US Naval vessels that will allocate the most useful assets at the lowest economic cost. Findings The model selects the most effective assets while minimizing the estimated economic cost. The US Naval assets that contribute the most effective humanitarian assistance and disaster response capability at the lowest cost are amphibious ships, leased commercial vessels and ready reserve force cargo ships. Originality/value This research fills a critical gap in the literature as there is no research that takes into account national Navy capability and proposes a solution to find those assets that are most mission and cost effective. As the USN looks for ways to cut costs while meeting mission priorities it will be necessary to determine which ship classes and types contribute the most while saving cost. The model introduced in this research provides insight into where investments should be made to meet strategic goals.
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Joseph, J. y S. Jaswal. "(A11) Beyond Illness and Trauma: A Study of the Interface between Disaster Mental Health and Recovery". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (mayo de 2011): s2—s3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000240.
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Today there is adequate research evidence at national and international level regarding the health and mental health consequences of disasters. The realization of the larger impact of mental health on the recovery process has been instrumental in prioritizing mental health and psychosocial well-being of affected populations in recent years. Traditionally the bio medical models were used to understand the disaster mental health outcomes, however over the last two decade a gradual change is visible in the understanding of the mental health and psychosocial consequences of disasters. It is more inclusive of varied expressions of distress and the services to address the same. A review of various disaster mental health research and interventions documented since 2001 reveals that most studies/interventions attempt to list the various mental health problems and psychosocial consequences. There are very few studies which go beyond listing of consequences, to focus on implications of disaster mental health for long term disaster recovery. There is dearth of research based literature on the concept of community trauma, factors contributing to negative emotions and emotional distress/ problems, community response (social and cultural) to disaster mental health issues, long term emotional implications of psychosocial consequences of disasters and the life course of individuals with mental health issues in the long run following disasters. The paper attempts to address the above mentioned issues in the context of 2004 tsunami. The paper is based on a study carried out in India two years after the disaster. A Case study approach was used and 177 case studies were collected from 104 villages in 14 affected districts of three states in India. The paper contributes to understanding the long term implications of disaster mental health for disaster recovery and reiterates the significance of integrating disaster mental health services within humanitarian services.
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Hakkim, Adeeba y Amrita Deb. "Empowering local response and community-based disaster mitigation through legislative policies: Lessons from the Kerala floods of 2018-19". Journal of Emergency Management 20, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 2023): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0766.
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The present paper draws on a series of qualitative studies exploring civic response and community resilience post the 2018-19 floods in Kerala, India. Data were triangulated from multiple sources and perspectives—community leaders and key informants, rescue and relief volunteers, and survivors. This viewpoint paper aims to highlight the critical role of local volunteerism in disaster mitigation and preparedness, the cost of gaps in emboldening community response, and to suggest actionable means of maximizing civilian potential through legislative policies. The local populace are the first responders at disaster sites and play a vital role in disaster mitigation. Knowledge about local geography, community, and readily accessible resources enables community members to respond efficiently, unlike state deployed disaster task forces who need to be scaffolded into these sites. Liaisons between the state and civilian responders are necessary for informed and time-efficient response. Insights gleaned from interviews with the participants offer several suggestions for streamlining administrative channels and structural reforms in governance. Community response can be emboldened by adopting policies that formalize civilian participation in the state’s disaster mitigation systems. Decentralization of authority to local self-governance bodies and acknowledgment of local expertise is key to fostering disaster resilient communities. This paper argues that empowering local stakeholders through legislative reforms can bridge existing gaps between community-action focused research recommendations and policy in practice. It provides a framework and actionable measures toward actualizing the call for society-inclusive disaster risk reduction practices.
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RAMANA MURTY, M. V., R. S. RAO y S. V. B. K. BHAGAVAN. "Geomorphological studies for disaster mitigation—a case study of the Krishna Delta, Andhra Pradesh, India". International Journal of Remote Sensing 14, n.º 17 (noviembre de 1993): 3269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169308904441.
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Park, Hyong-Joon y Eun Joo Park. "A Study on the Inter-Korean Disaster Cooperation Plans to Prepare for the Future of Korean Unification". Public Policy Research Institute, Korea University 9, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2023): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34266/jnks.2023.9.1.163.
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Due to the increased variability of climate change, not only the types of disasters and occur on a complex and large scale, but also the survival itself is threatened due to enormous damage as geographical boundaries disappear. In the case of the Korean Peninsula, damage from natural disasters is increasing, and the risk of complex disasters is increasing. Even if US-North Korea denuclearization negotiations are suspended and inter-Korean relations deteriorate, the need for inter-Korean disaster relief cooperation does not diminish. On the other hand, the Yoon Seok-yeol government is also presenting ‘establishing a climate and environmental community on the Korean Peninsula through inter-Korean Green-detente’ as one of the key tasks for unification and North Korea policy through the 「Audacious Initiative」. Considering these points, the purpose of this study is to draw implications through case studies by type of inter-Korean disaster cooperation, and to present inter-Korean disaster cooperation plans based on this. It is hoped that the continuity and implementation of inter-Korean disaster cooperation will increase in the future, and this will become the cornerstone for preparing for the future of unification.
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El-khani, Ussamah, Hutan Ashrafian, Shahnawaz Rasheed, Harald Veen, Ammar Darwish, David Nott y Ara Darzi. "The patient safety practices of emergency medical teams in disaster zones: a systematic analysis". BMJ Global Health 4, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2019): e001889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001889.
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IntroductionDisaster zone medical relief has been criticised for poor quality care, lack of standardisation and accountability. Traditional patient safety practices of emergency medical teams (EMTs) in disaster zones were not well understood. Improving the quality of healthcare in disaster zones has gained importance within global health policy. Ascertaining patient safety practices of EMTs in disaster zones may identify areas of practice that can be improved.MethodsA systematic search of OvidSP, Embase and Medline databases; key journals of interest; key grey literature texts; the databases of the WHO, Médecins Sans Frontieres and the International Committee of the Red Cross; and Google Scholar was performed. Descriptive studies, case reports, case series, prospective trials and opinion pieces were included with no limitation on date or language of publication.ResultsThere were 9685 records, evenly distributed between the peer-reviewed and grey literature. Of these, 30 studies and 9 grey literature texts met the inclusion criteria and underwent qualitative synthesis. From these articles, 302 patient safety statements were extracted. Thematic analysis categorised these statements into 84 themes (total frequency 632). The most frequent themes were limb injury (9%), medical records (5.4%), surgery decision-making (4.6%), medicines safety (4.4%) and protocol (4.4%).ConclusionPatient safety practices of EMTs in disaster zones are weighted toward acute clinical care, particularly surgery. The management of non-communicable disease is under-represented. There is widespread recognition of the need to improve medical record-keeping. High-quality data and institutional level patient safety practices are lacking. There is no consensus on disaster zone-specific performance indicators. These deficiencies represent opportunities to improve patient safety in disaster zones.
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Kaur, Trishanjit. "Disaster Management in University Libraries of India and Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Information Management and Libraries 17 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47657/201617903.
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Natural disasters can strike without warning anytime anywhere anyone. There are different types of disasters. The economic losses caused by these disasters are mainly more expensive for developing countries that are vulnerable to the disasters like India and Pakistan in this case. Different types of libraries including university libraries and museums are priceless storehouses of knowledge, which once lost could be lost forever. Disaster planning needs to be done in university libraries to save the knowledge for future generations. This is true for all types of libraries everywhere. To study the situation of disaster management in university libraries of India and Pakistan literature review will be done. Information from various websites of both the countries will be collected. Regarding information on university libraries in Pakistan emails will be sent to select university librarians to find out whether they have any disaster management plans and similar studies be searched in professional literature. Initial review of literature shows a nearly similar infrastructural planning in both the countries at central and state government level. Disaster management is an ignored subject in Pakistan as stated by leading newspaper Dawn. Very few papers on this subject are available from Pakistan and intensive and exhaustive review of literature can lead to valid conclusion. In India this was an ignored area but after tsunami there has been awareness at all levels. Majority of the university libraries are ignorant about this important aspect of library planning but there are a few where this is being practiced. This study will highlight similarities and gaps between the approaches to disaster management in university libraries of these two neighbouring countries with nearly similar disaster conditions.
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Murosaki, Yoshiteru y Yuji Hasemi. "Targeting Fire Damage Relief". Journal of Disaster Research 2, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2007): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0235.
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The relationship between human beings and fire is older than legend, making fire the potential disaster closest to men. This makes the mitigation of fire damage an ongoing community concern. The nature of fire risk has been changing with time due to changes in urban structure, the societal environment, and energy consumption. These changes are related to technological progress such as the development of fireproof materials and firefighting techniques. Technological advances such as the development of new materials and huge space may trigger the emergence of the new fire risks. The terrorist-triggered World Trade Center conflagrations in New York and the accident-induced Windsor Building fire in Madrid in 2004 are high-rise examples of this new vulnerability. The subway line fire that broke out in Daegu, Republic of Korea, in 2003 is yet another case -- this one subterranean. An example in new-material risks is the outbreak at solid-waste fuel facilities in Mie, Japan, in 2003. Automobile fuel batteries using hydrogen are yet another case of new risks. Ironically, technology developed to solve global environmental issues such as waste recycling are another example of new fire risks. Advancing hand in hand with these new risks are the age-old examples of housing fires in urban areas and structural blazes in forests and fields. Regional differences are a factor, especially urban fires in Japan's densely populated wooden residential areas and wildfires in populated forests of Australia and Russia. Studies on fire prevention must provide solutions to mitigating such risks -- both old and new. Ambitious research in this field is demonstrated in the papers reported in this special issue - articles that readers are about to find exciting, informative, and endlessly interesting!
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Ripoll Gallardo, Alba, Ahmadreza Djalali, Marco Foletti, Luca Ragazzoni, Francesco Della Corte, Olivera Lupescu, Chris Arculeo et al. "Core Competencies in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance: A Systematic Review". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, n.º 4 (5 de mayo de 2015): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.24.
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AbstractDisaster response demands a large workforce covering diverse professional sectors. Throughout this article, we illustrate the results of a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies to identify existing competency sets for disaster management and humanitarian assistance that would serve as guidance for the development of a common disaster curriculum. A systematic review of English-language articles was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, and Cochrane Library. Studies were included if reporting competency domains, abilities, knowledge, skills, or attitudes for professionals involved disaster relief or humanitarian assistance. Exclusion criteria included abstracts, citations, case studies, and studies not dealing with disasters or humanitarian assistance. Thirty-eight papers were analyzed. Target audience was defined in all articles. Five references (13%) reported cross-sectorial competencies. Most of the articles (81.6%) were specific to health care. Eighteen (47%) papers included competencies for at least 2 different disciplines and 18 (47%) for different professional groups. Nursing was the most widely represented cadre. Eighteen papers (47%) defined competency domains and 36 (94%) reported list of competencies. Nineteen articles (50%) adopted consensus-building to define competencies, and 12 (31%) included competencies adapted to different professional responsibility levels. This systematic review revealed that the largest number of papers were mainly focused on the health care sector and presented a lack of agreement on the terminology used for competency-based definition. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:430–439)
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Ghawana, Tarun, Lyubka Pashova y Sisi Zlatanova. "Geospatial Data Utilisation in National Disaster Management Frameworks and the Priorities of Multilateral Disaster Management Frameworks: Case Studies of India and Bulgaria". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, n.º 9 (15 de septiembre de 2021): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090610.
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Facing the increased frequency of disasters and resulting in massive damages, many countries have developed their frameworks for Disaster Risk Management (DRM). However, these frameworks may differ concerning legal, policy, planning and organisational arrangements. We argue that geospatial data is a crucial binding element in each national framework for different stages of the disaster management cycle. The multilateral DRM frameworks, like the Sendai Framework 2015–2030 and the United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UNGGIM) Strategic Framework on Geospatial Information and Services for Disasters, provide the strategic direction, but they are too generic to compare geospatial data in national DRM frameworks. This study investigates the two frameworks and suggests criteria for evaluating the utilisation of geospatial data for DRM. The derived criteria are validated for the comparative analysis of India and Bulgaria’s National Disaster Management Frameworks. The validation proves that the criteria can be used for a general comparison across national DRM.
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Mohd Ali, Jumailah, Zarina Abdul Munir, Shereen Noranee, Norliana Jailani y Norfadzilah Abdul Razak. "Supply Chain Resilience in the Face of Floods: A Case Study of Humanitarian Efforts by the Social Welfare Department in Malaysia". Information Management and Business Review 16, n.º 2(I)S (29 de mayo de 2024): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i2(i)s.3800.
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The objective of this study is to outline the issue of government-provided disaster relief management (JKMM) for flood victims during a disaster. Additionally, it examines communication and the planning of goods movement as key elements in determining the efficacy of Humanitarian Supply Chain Management (HSCM). This study focuses on the staff of the Social Welfare Department (JKMM), namely those from the Disaster Management Department and other agencies. The analysis of this research relies on a distinct dataset acquired from a survey conducted among the staff members. Researchers can more easily get quantitative measurements to analyze data on respondent variables. The operational sample comprises 137 participants. The study reveals that enhancing aspects related to the movement of goods and communication is crucial for improving the efficacy of HSCM. JKKM should ensure sufficient vehicle availability while simultaneously striving to minimize communication obstacles, such as limited network coverage. This paper stands out because of its unusual approach since it examines the challenges faced by the government agency (JKMM) in managing products for flood victims. This perspective sets it apart from earlier studies, which primarily focused on the experiences of flood victims and evacuation centers in Malaysia.
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Diwakar, Pranathi. "A Recipe for Disaster: Framing Risk and Vulnerability in Slum Relocation Policies in Chennai, India". City & Community 18, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2019): 1314–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12457.
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This article investigates how governments use dramatic natural events such as disasters to justify potentially unpopular policy interventions. I use the case of the southern Indian city of Chennai to explore how different arms of the government have historically engaged with the question of slum tenure from the 1960s until the present moment. Using archival methods, I analyze policy documents to excavate how slums have been framed within the context of political and policy imperatives. I show that slums are framed as risky to themselves and the broader urban public, and are portrayed as dangerous, messy, or illegal. I analyze the role of the disaster moment in catalyzing slum relocation policies, and I argue that this moment allowed the government a new modality to frame slums as not just risky but also at risk, or vulnerable to disasters in their original locations. I make the case that the anti–poor policy of slum relocation has been justified as pro–poor by framing slums as not just risky, but also at risk. The framing of slums as at risk in Chennai has been necessary within the extant political matrix, which has historically courted slums for electoral success. The analysis of shifting slum policies offers new insight into how urban policy and politics of disaster vulnerability frame and interact with the urban poor in cities of the Global South.
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Sekhar, S. R. Mani, Siddesh G M, Swapnil Kalra y Shaswat Anand. "A Study of Use Cases for Smart Contracts Using Blockchain Technology". International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 10, n.º 2 (abril de 2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2019040102.
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Blockchain technology is an emerging and rapidly growing technology in the current world scenario. It is a collection of records connected through cryptography. They play a vital role in smart contracts. Smart contracts are present in blockchains which are self-controlled and trustable. It can be integrated across various domains like healthcare, finance, self-sovereign identity, governance, logistics management and home care, etc. The purpose of this article is to analyze the various use cases of smart contracts in different domains and come up with a model which may be used in the future. Subsequently, a detailed description of a smart contract and blockchain is provided. Next, different case-studies related to five different domains is discussed with the help of use case diagrams. Finally, a solution for natural disaster management has been proposed by integrating smart contract, digital identity, policies and blockchain technologies, which can be used effectively for providing relief to victims during times of natural disaster.
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Shrestha, Kiran. "Climate Change and Community Resilience: Insights from South Asia". Economic Journal of Development Issues 36, n.º 1-2 (31 de diciembre de 2023): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejdi.v36i1-2.63910.
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This book presents case studies, stories and examples of climate change adaptation initiatives from seven South Asian countries—Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—highlighting traditional and indigenous knowledge with community engagement. The book has 27 studies (chapters) organized under six themes (Parts): concepts and models; traditional knowledge and sustainable agriculture; technology adoption; disaster risk reduction; urban sustainability; and alternative livelihoods.
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Drennan, Lex, Jim McGowan y Anne Tiernan. "Integrating Recovery within a Resilience Framework: Empirical Insights and Policy Implications from Regional Australia". Politics and Governance 4, n.º 4 (28 de diciembre de 2016): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i4.741.
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Within Australia’s federal system, responsibility for preventing, preparing for, responding to and recovering from natural disasters is shared between the three tiers of government. Intergovernmental policy and funding arrangements are premised on shared responsibility and aim to foster individual, business and community resilience. These arrangements underpin Australia’s international reputation for effectiveness in its management of natural disasters. The capacity of the diverse networks that comprise the disaster management system to coordinate and deliver in the preparedness and response phases of a disaster, and to provide relief in the immediate aftermath, has been developed over time and tested and refined through the experience of frequent, severe disaster events over recent decades. Less well developed is the system’s ability to support economic recovery in disaster-affected communities over the longer term. This paper presents case studies of regional communities affected by two of Australia’s most expensive and deadly natural disasters—the 2009 Victorian bushfires and the cyclones and floods that struck the state of Queensland in 2010–2011. It highlights significant gaps in policy and funding arrangements to support recovery and offers lessons for aligning recovery within a resilience framework.
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Grass, Emilia y Kathrin Fischer. "Case study design for short-term predictable disasters". Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 10, n.º 3 (8 de julio de 2020): 391–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-11-2019-0077.
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PurposeThe purpose of this work is the development of a structured case study design process for developing case studies in humanitarian logistics, in particular for short-term predictable disaster situations like floods and hurricanes. Moreover, useful public sources are presented in order to enable researchers to find relevant data for their case studies more easily.Design/methodology/approachA structured framework for case study design is set up, splitting the process into different steps and phases.FindingsThe framework is applied to an illustrative example, where case studies with different numbers and levels of detail of scenarios are designed based on the three-day forecast for hurricane Harvey in 2017. The corresponding solutions demonstrate the relevance of using as much forecast information as possible in case study building, and in particular in scenario design, in order to get useful and appropriate results.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study design process is mostly suitable for short-term predictable disasters, but can also be adapted to other types of disasters. The process has been applied to one specific hurricane here which serves as an example.Practical implicationsAlso for practitioners, the results of this work are highly relevant, as constructing realistic cases using real data will lead to more useful results. Moreover, it is taken into account in the case study design process that relief agencies are regularly confronted with disasters in certain areas and hence need to define the basic planning situation and parameters “once and for all” and on a long-term basis, whereas disaster specific data from forecasts are only available within a short time frame.Originality/valueThe new design process can be applied by researchers as well as practitioners, and the publicly available data sources will be useful to the community.
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Kumar, Vinod. "Role of Community in Disaster Managements". Journal of Advanced Research in Education 2, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2023): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jare.2023.11.07.
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In the present scenario, our vulnerable population and communities have become increasingly vulnerable to disasters and this has been aggravated by the micro level issues of rapid environmental degradation, resource depletion and global warming/climate change as well as the macro-level issues of poverty, illiteracy and lack of safety nets, amongst others. Thus, when disasters strike a geographical location, they tend to disproportionately alter the social fabric leading to wide spread damage and losses of lives and resources. As the state counts up the human and economic losses, or administers relief, those who experience disasters are conceptualized as a homogenous group called ‘victims’, a category which overlooks differences in terms of gender, caste, class, age or physical and mental ability (Fordham, 1999). The disruptions, thus, defy all existing social differences and stratifications, affecting all and, in a unique way, unifying the communities across boundaries. Being the first to suffer, the affected community rises like a phoenix and also becomes first real time responder in any disaster situation ignoring the inherent differences and stratifications of the community. This ‘community spirit’ or the social capital is thus a crucial strength on which the community balances its existence in a disaster scenario. This research paper based on the Secondary data. In this research paper discuss need, components, case studies; issues and challenges in the Community-Based Disaster Management.
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Beal, Heather L. "Military Foreign Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (FHA/FDR) Evolution: Lessons Learned for Civilian Emergency Management Response and Recovery Operations". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 33, n.º 2 (agosto de 2015): 273–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701503300207.
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The military and civilian models for emergency management differ significantly in both structure and execution. In order to appreciate the differences, similarities, and potential value of each approach, it is important to first frame these systems through a common lens of the emergency management cycle, mission areas, and system, as practiced in the United States. This analysis deliberately does not focus on the use of military in support of domestic emergency management operations within the United States. Instead, case studies were carefully chosen to highlight the military contribution to international disaster response through foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA) and foreign disaster relief (FDR) military mission. Ultimately the strengths and weaknesses of these military emergency support operations were assessed and lessons learned extracted. These lessons learned were then aligned with the civilian model and recommendations made suggesting the adoption of military techniques to civilian emergency management actions in response to catastrophic disasters.
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Berg, Hanne van den. "(Re-)Building Communities: A Case Study in Architectural Education". Open House International 33, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2008): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2008-b0010.
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Although recent years have seen a considerable increase in the number of people living in abominable conditions as well as a rapid increase in the incidence of natural disasters rendering thousands of people homeless, few architects are aware of the possible contribution they could make to both development and humanitarian relief. This paper focuses on a particular series of educational workshops for architects and architecture students interested in the field of development and participatory practice: the Summer Schools organised by Architecture Sans Frontières - UK, a not-for-profit organisation that focuses on both equitable and sustainable approaches to development. It looks at the observations from the participants on the workshops and building exercise of one particular ASF-UK Summer School focusing on ‘Vulnerability and Risk: Rebuilding Communities after Disaster’ held between the first and the sixth of September 2006, at the Eden Centre in Cornwall, in collaboration with International Development in Extreme Environments (IDEE), discussing the aims and setup of this workshop, the lessons it attempted to bring across as well as participants' experiences.