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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Dipolar systems"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Dipolar systems"

1

Downing, Charles A. y Luis Martín-Moreno. "Polaritonic Tamm states induced by cavity photons". Nanophotonics 10, n.º 1 (14 de septiembre de 2020): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0370.

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AbstractWe consider a periodic chain of oscillating dipoles, interacting via long-range dipole–dipole interactions, embedded inside a cuboid cavity waveguide. We show that the mixing between the dipolar excitations and cavity photons into polaritons can lead to the appearance of new states localized at the ends of the dipolar chain, which are reminiscent of Tamm surface states found in electronic systems. A crucial requirement for the formation of polaritonic Tamm states is that the cavity cross section is above a critical size. Above this threshold, the degree of localization of the Tamm states is highly dependent on the cavity size since their participation ratio scales linearly with the cavity cross-sectional area. Our findings may be important for quantum confinement effects in one-dimensional systems with strong light–matter coupling.

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2

Nagy, Sándor. "The frequency of the two lowest energies of interaction in dipolar hard sphere systems". Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 14, n.º 2 (8 de diciembre de 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2020.2.13-18.

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This publication was inspired by the study of chaining in dipolar systems. Two adjacent particles form a chain is usually decided by energy or distance criterion. This prompted the author to investigate the frequency of interaction energy between nearby chain-forming particles in the dipolar system. So what is the frequency of the two lowest energies. Does have raison d’etre of the energy-based chaining criterion? Because if so, in the frequency chart qualitative change should have see at 70-75%, compared to the lowest possible energy. No such qualitative change was observed in the computer simulations. Monte Carlo simulations were performed at many densities and dipole moments in a dipolar hard sphere system. The simulation results were theoretically interpreted using the Boltzmann distribution The theoretical relationship was generalized to a wide range of density and dipole moments by fitting three suitable parameters. The fitting was necessary due to the compressive effect of density.

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3

Chan, Chin Han y Hans-Werner Kammer. "Characterization of polymer electrolytes by dielectric response using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy". Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, n.º 6 (27 de junio de 2018): 939–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0911.

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Abstract Authors present a phenomenological view on dielectric relaxation in polymer electrolytes, which is monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Molecular interaction of polymer chains with salt molecules (or dipole-dipole interaction between segments and salt molecules) leads to dipolar molecular entities. Frequency-dependant impedance spectra are the key quantities of the interest for determination of electric properties of materials and their interfaces with conducting electrodes. Salt concentration serves as parameter. Bulk and interfacial properties of the samples are discussed in terms of impedance (Z*) and modulus (M*) spectra. We focus on two different classes of systems, i.e. high molar mass of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)+lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) (i.e. the inorganic salt) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-25) with 25 mol% of epoxide content+LiClO4. Impedance spectra with salt content as parameter tell us that we have interaction between dipolar entities leading to dispersion of relaxation times. However, as scaling relations show, dispersion of relaxation times does not depend on salt content in the PEO system. The relaxation peak for the imaginary part of electric modulus (M″) provides information on long-range motion of dipoles. Summarizing the results from imaginary part of impedance spectrum (Z″), tan δ (imaginary/real of permittivities) and M″ for the two systems under the discussion, PEO behaves like a mixture of chains with dipoles. There are interactions between the dipoles, but they are relaxing individually. Therefore, we see PEO-salt system as a polymer electrolyte where only a tiny fraction of added salt molecules becomes electrically active in promoting conductance. However, ENR-25-salt system behaves just as a macroscopic dipole and it can not display electrode polarization or electric relaxation because there is no mobility of individual dipoles. Hence, ENR-25-salt does not form a polymer electrolyte in the classic sense.

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4

Höhr, T., P. Pendzig, W. Dieterich y P. Maass. "Dynamics of disordered dipolar systems". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 4, n.º 14 (30 de mayo de 2002): 3168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b110484e.

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5

Fujiki, N. M., K. De’Bell y D. J. W. Geldart. "Lattice sums for dipolar systems". Physical Review B 36, n.º 16 (1 de diciembre de 1987): 8512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.36.8512.

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6

Yukalov, V. I. "Dipolar and spinor bosonic systems". Laser Physics 28, n.º 5 (11 de abril de 2018): 053001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/aa9150.

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7

Würger, Alois. "Tunneling systems with dipolar interactions". Physica B: Condensed Matter 263-264 (marzo de 1999): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(98)01225-3.

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8

Armstrong, J. R., N. T. Zinner, D. V. Fedorov y A. S. Jensen. "Thermodynamics of Dipolar Chain Systems". Few-Body Systems 54, n.º 5-6 (28 de julio de 2012): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00601-012-0474-3.

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9

Raynaud, R., L. Petitdemange y E. Dormy. "Dipolar dynamos in stratified systems". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 448, n.º 3 (25 de febrero de 2015): 2055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv122.

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10

Torres, A., J. Jimenez, B. Vega y J. A. de Saja. "Non-Debye Behavior of Dipolar Relaxation in Systems with Dipolar Interaction". IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation EI-21, n.º 3 (junio de 1986): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tei.1986.349082.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Dipolar systems"

1

Sutcliffe, Oliver Brook. "New extended dipolar systems". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366511.

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2

McGrother, Simon C. "Phase transitions in dipolar and associating systems". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389929.

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3

Fedorov, Aleksey. "Non-conventional Many-body Phases in Ultracold Dipolar Systems". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS580/document.

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Le problème de la détection et de ladescription des nouveaux états quantiquesmacroscopiques, caractérisées par des propriétésexotiques et non-conventionnelles, estd’importance fondamentale dans la physiquemoderne. Ces états offrent des perspectivesfascinantes dans le domaine de traitementd’information, de simulations quantiques et derecherche des nouveaux types des matériaux.Dans ce travail de thèse nous développons unethéorie qui permet de décrire des phases non conventionnellesdans des systèmes des gazultra-froids dipolaires. Ces systèmes sontactivement étudiés expérimentalement enutilisant des atomes à grand-spins, desmolécules polaires et des excitations dipolairesdans des semi-conducteurs. Nous mettonsl'accent sur la révélation du rôle de l’interactiondipôle-dipôle à long porté.Nous considérons l’effet de rotonization dansun système de gaz des bosons dipolaires «tiltés»aux interactions faibles dans une couchehomogène. Nous prédisons l’effet derotonization pour un gaz de Bose faiblementcorrélé des excitons dipolaires dans une couchede semi-conducteur et nous calculons lediagramme de stabilité. Ensuite, nousconsidérons des superfluides d’onde-p desfermions identiques dans des réseaux 2D.Finalement, nous faisons une discussion sur unautre état superfluide intéressant des moléculespolaires fermioniques, qui devrait apparaitredans des systèmes bicouches
The problem of revealing anddescribing novel macroscopic quantum statescharacter- ized by exotic and non-conventionalproperties is of fundamental importance formodern physics. Such states offer fascinatingprospects for potential applications in quantumin- formation processing, quantum simulation,and material research. In the present Thesis wedevelop a theory for describing nonconventionalphases of ultracold dipolar gases.The related systems of large-spin atoms, polarmolecules, and dipolar excitons in semiconductorsare actively studied in experiments.We put the main emphasis on revealing the roleof the long-range character of the dipole-dipoleinteraction.We consider the effect of rotonization for a 2Dweakly interacting gas of tilted dipolar bosonsin a homogeneous layer. We predict the effectof rotonization for a weakly correlated Bosegas of dipolar excitons in a semiconductorlayer and calculate the stability diagram. Wethen consider p-wave superfluids of identicalfermions in 2D lattices. Finally, we discussanother interesting novel superfluid offermionic polar molecules

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4

Spiteri, Ludovic. "Self-assembly of dipolar particles". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0261/document.

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Cette thèse couvre l'auto-assemblage de particules dipolaires (magnétiques/électriques). Ces systèmes sont abondants en physique de la matière condensée (molécules et nanoparticules magnétiques, particules colloïdales magnétiques, bactérie magnétotactique, etc.). Sur un plan fondamental, ils représentent un défi important en raison de l'anisotropie et de la longue portée de l'interaction de paire. Le principal objectif de ce travail de recherche est de prédire les microstructures de ces systèmes en tenant compte de façon adéquate de l'interaction complexe dipôle-dipôle ainsi que des effets stériques et ceux dus à un éventuel confinement. Comprendre et revisiter les interactions de filaments dipolaires tels que des aiguilles et des chaînes faites de billes dipolaires est une première étape importante de cette thèse. En effet, les chaînes sont les constituants élémentaires de nombreux systèmes dipolaires, notamment sous l'effet d'un champ magnétique extérieur appliqué. Ensuite, l'agrégation colonnaire des chaînes dipolaires est examinée, ce qui conduit aussi naturellement à l'étude des cristaux dipolaires massifs où une nouvelle phase est découverte. Le cas plus générique des chaînes hélicoïdales est discuté en considérant les situations limites que sont les chaînes linéaires droites et en zigzag. L'association des chaînes dipolaires, dans le cas bidimensionnel, forme des rubans, puis une monocouche avec un réseau hexagonal. La réponse non triviale d'un tel réseau à un champ magnétique perpendiculaire imposé est aussi étudiée. Il est démontré qu'un réseau rhombique peut être induit de cette façon. Finalement, la sédimentation de particules paramagnétiques dans une monocouche inclinée en présence d'un champ magnétique est explorée via une étude mêlant expériences, théorie et simulations. L'ordre induit par gravité s'avère être une voie prometteuse pour l'élaboration contrôlée de réseaux bidimensionnels
This thesis covers the self-assembly of dipolar (magnetic/dielectric) particles. These systems are abundant in condensed matter physics (magnetic molecules and nanoparticles, magnetic colloidal particles, magnetotactic bacteria, etc). They also represent a fundamental challenge owing to the both long range and anisotropic nature of the pair interaction. The main objective of this research work is to predict the microstructures of these systems by properly handling the intricate dipole-dipole interaction combined with steric and possibly confinement effects. Understanding and revisiting the interaction of dipolar filaments such as needles or chains made up of dipolar beads is a first important achievement in this thesis. Indeed, the chains are the fundamental building blocks of many dipolar systems especially under applied external magnetic field. Then, the columnar aggregation of dipolar chains is investigated which naturally leads to the study of the bulk dipolar crystals. A new phase is discovered there. The more generic case of helical chains is discussed by considering limiting situations such as straight linear chains and zigzag chains. The association of dipolar chains in two-dimensions forms ribbons then a monolayer with triangular lattice symmetry. The interesting response of such a layer to an imposed perpendicular magnetic is addressed as well. It is demonstrated that rhombicity can be induced that way. Finally, sedimenting paramagnetic particles in a tilted monolayer in presence of a magnetic field are investigated by experiments, theory and simulations. The gravity-mediated ordering is found to be a promising route to elaborate tailored two-dimensional patterns

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5

Guo, Zhenrong. "Characterization of ionic, dipolar and molecular mobility in polymer systems". W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623474.

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Changes in the ionic and dipolar molecular mobility in a polymer system are the basis for the changes in the dielectric mechanical properties of polymer materials. Frequency Dependent Dielectric Measurements (FDEMS) and Ion Time-of-Flight (ITOF) are two important techniques to investigate ionic and dipolar molecular mobility in polymer systems. The results can be related to the macro- and molecular dielectric, electrical and dynamic properties of polymeric materials. The combination of these two methods provides a full view of electric, dielectric and dynamic behavior for the systems as they undergo chemical and/or physical changes during polymerization crystallization, vitrification, and/or phase separation.;The research on microscopic mass mobility in polymer systems was done on three aspects: (1) ion mobility in an epoxy-amine reaction system; (2) dipolar mobility and relaxation during dimethacrylate resin cure and (3) dye molecule migration and diffusion in polymer films.;In the ion mobility study, we separately monitor the changes in the ion mobility and the number of charge carriers during the epoxy-amine polymerization with FDEMS and ITOF measurements. The isolation of the number of carriers and their mobility allows significant improvement in monitoring changes in the state and structure of a material as it cures.;For the dipolar mobility and relaxation study, FDEMS measurements were used to detect structural evolution and spatial heterogeneity formation during the polymerization process of dimethacrylate resins. The dielectric spectra, glass transition (Tg) profiles and dynamic mechanical measurements were used to investigate the existence of two cooperative regions of sufficient size to create two alpha-relaxation processes representing oligomer rich and polymer microgel regions during the polymerization.;For the dye migration research, we tried to develop a visually color changing paper (VCP) due to dye molecule migration in polymer films. The mobility of dye molecules in polyvinyl films was controlled by the acidity of the environment. Ionamine derivatives of dyes were stable when mixed with acid. their diffusion in polymer films can be quickly triggered as the result of an acid/base neutralization reaction. The effect of the type of base, acid and the compatibility of polymer films on the diffusion rate is discussed.

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6

Sauerwein, Andrea C. "Estimations of dipolar couplings in multiple-spin systems by solid state NMR". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/191325/.

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7

Armstrong, William Paul. "Biological and mechanistic aspects of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of X=Y-ZH systems". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317050.

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8

Cartarius, Florian [Verfasser] y Giovanna [Akademischer Betreuer] Morigi. "Classical and quantum phases of low-dimensional dipolar systems / Florian Cartarius ; Betreuer: Giovanna Morigi". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1116344602/34.

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9

Brown, Scott Michael. "Using neclear magnetic resonance and the dipolar field to study structural properties of two-phase liquid systems". Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA395312.

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10

Burns, Teresa Ellen. "Asymmetric Adsorbate and Substrate Interactions in Physisorbed Systems: N2 on Graphite and Dipolar Molecules on Ionic Substrates". DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2090.

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Asymmetries in physisorbed systems give rise to interesting phases and phase transitions in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and multilayer systems. The effects of asymmetric adsorbate and substrate interactions in monolayers of dipolar molecules on ionic substrates and N2 on graphite are studied. In the case of dipolar molecules on ionic substrates, 2D dielectric phase transitions using a modified Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) model are determined theoretically. A dipole adsorbed vertically above a metal ion lattice site, and pointing up (down), is assigned a spin s=+1 (s=-1). An empty lattice site is assigned a spin S=0. Analytic solutions for both ferroelectrically and antiferroelectrically ordered systems are found. The model is applied to CO adsorbed on MgO and NaCl, and preliminary results for the phase diagram of CH3F on NaCl, are presented. Multilayer phase transitions for N2 on graphite are studied experimentally using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The system is measured to undergo layering transitions, where the number of layers increases as the temperature of the system increases. A new multilayer phase diagram based on our results and the combined results published by other researchers is presented. The effects of capillary condensation on this multilayer system are quantified, and it is determined that its primary effect is to broaden the discrete layering transitions. The results for both studies are put into context with other adsorption systems with asymmetric interactions.

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Libros sobre el tema "Dipolar systems"

1

Ci ou yuan pin lü ce shen fa. Beijing: Di zhi chu ban she, 1985.

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2

Perros, Sotirios Georgios. The design and evaluation of transmit and receive antennas for an ionospheric communications probe system: A. Multiband Dipole Antenna. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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3

K, Cantell, Schellekens Huub, International Society for Interferon Research. y Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek., eds. The Biology of the interferon system 1986: Proceedings of the 1986 ISIR-TNO meeting on the interferon system, 7-12 September 1986, Dipoli Congress Center, Espoo, Finland. Dordrecht: Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.

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4

Armstrong, William Paul. Biological and mechanistic aspects of 1, 3-dipolar cycloadditions of X=Y-ZH systems. 1987.

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5

Eriksson, Olle, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist y Johan Hellsvik. Magnons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788669.003.0009.

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In this chapter we give several examples of how the multiscale approach for atomistic spin-dynamics, as described in Part I and Part II of this book, performs for describing magnon excitations of solids. Due to the recent experimental advancements in detecting such excitations for surfaces and multilayers, we focus here primarily on spin wave excitations of two-dimensional systems. The discussion can easily be generalized to bulk magnets, and in fact some examples of bulk properties are given in this chapter as well. Magnons can be categorized as dipolar and exchange magnons, where the latter are in the range of giga Hz frequency, and are the main focus of this chapter.

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6

Roychowdhury, Rina Basu. Polarization propagator calculations for open and closed shell systems. 1985.

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7

Deruelle, Nathalie y Jean-Philippe Uzan. Interacting charges I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0038.

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This chapter addresses the problem of radiation by a system of point charges. Owing to the fact that the electromagnetic interaction propagates at finite speed, this problem can only be solved iteratively, by assuming that all speeds are small compared to the speed of light. The chapter then derives the dipole and quadrupole formulas giving the radiation field and the energy radiated by the system in the lowest orders. Finding the field and the radiation of a system of charges beyond the dipole approximation is rather more difficult, but necessary in the absence of dipole radiation. This is also a useful exercise for studying the radiation of a mass system in theories of gravitation where the gravitational mass is equal to the inertial mass. In addition, the chapter finds the equations of motion of the charges of the system to third order in the velocities.

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8

Ono, T. Spin-transfer torque in nonuniform magnetic structures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0023.

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This chapter defines a magnetic domain wall (DW) as the transition region where the direction of magnetic moments gradually change between two neighbouring domains. It has been pointed out that ferromagnetic materials are not necessarily magnetized to saturation in the absence of an external magnetic field. Instead, they have magnetic domains, within each of which magnetic moments align. The formation of the magnetic domains is energetically favourable because this structure can lower the magnetostatic energy originating from the dipole–dipole interaction. A magnetic vortex realized in a ferromagnetic disk is a typical example of nonuniform magnetic structure. In very small ferromagnetic systems, where a curling spin configuration has been proposed to occur in place of domains, the formation of DWs is not energetically favored.

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9

Schellekens, H. y K. Cantell. Biology of the Interferon System 1986: Proceedings of the 1986 ISIR-TNO Meeting on the Interferon System, 7-12 September 1986, Dipoli Congress Center, Espoo, Finland. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Schellekens, H. y K. Cantell. Biology of the Interferon System 1986: Proceedings of the 1986 ISIR-TNO Meeting on the Interferon System, 7-12 September 1986, Dipoli Congress Center, Espoo, Finland. Springer, 2011.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Dipolar systems"

1

Frey, E. y F. Schwabl. "Dynamic Crossover in Dipolar Ferromagnets". En Relaxation in Complex Systems and Related Topics, 61–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2136-9_8.

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Schröder, Christian y Othmar Steinhauser. "Computational Dielectric Spectroscopy of Charged, Dipolar Systems". En Computational Spectroscopy, 279–321. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527633272.ch10.

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3

Levesque, D. "Phase Diagram of Dipolar Hard-Core Molecule Systems". En New Approaches to Problems in Liquid State Theory, 61–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4564-0_5.

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4

Gribble, Gordon W. "Mesoionic Ring Systems". En Synthetic Applications of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Chemistry Toward Heterocycles and Natural Products, 681–753. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471221902.ch10.

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Bertini, I., C. Luchinat, M. Mancini y G. Spina. "The Dipolar Coupling between Unpaired Electrons and Resonating Nuclei". En Magneto-Structural Correlations in Exchange Coupled Systems, 421–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6511-9_15.

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6

Ebels, U., M. Natali, L. D. Buda y I. L. Prejbeanu. "Circular Magnetic Elements: Ground States, Reversal and Dipolar Interactions". En Low-Dimensional Systems: Theory, Preparation, and Some Applications, 193–211. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0143-4_16.

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Grünebohm, Anna, Alfred Hucht, Ralf Meyer, Denis Comtesse y Peter Entel. "Simulation of Cluster Sintering, Dipolar Chain Formation, and Ferroelectric Nanoparticulate Systems". En Nanoparticles from the Gasphase, 139–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28546-2_6.

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Schmool, D. S. y M. Schmalzl. "Magnetic Dipolar Interactions in Nanoparticle Systems: Theory, Simulations and Ferromagnetic Resonance". En Springer Proceedings in Physics, 321–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69882-1_15.

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Hustedt, Eric J. y Albert H. Beth. "Structural Information from CW-EPR Spectra of Dipolar Coupled Nitroxide Spin Labels". En Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, 155–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47109-4_3.

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Evelo, R. G. y A. J. Hoff. "Dipolar relaxation enhancement in inhomogeneous systems. Application to the oxygen evolving complex of plant photosynthesis." En 25th Congress Ampere on Magnetic Resonance and Related Phenomena, 166. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76072-3_86.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Dipolar systems"

1

Zyss, Joseph. "From Dipolar to Multipolar Systems: Opening New Geometric and Quantum Dimensions in Molecular Nonlinear Optics". En Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1996.nmd.1.

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The field of Molecular Nonlinear Optics1 has been seeded in the mid-seventies by the all pervading molecular diode template as exemplified by paranitroaniline derivatives exhibiting the now well recognized features of a rod-like dipolar structure with quasi-one dimensional intramolecular charge transfer between a single donor-acceptor pair via a delocalized π electron linkage. A highly consistent body of experiments in solutions, crystals and polymers as well as related models have come to reinforce the validity of this approach which has been further substantiated by a series of conceptual as well as application oriented developments. NLO measurements are now well acknowledged and currently used in Chemistry as sensitive probes of such basic features as intramolecular charge transfer or π-electron delocalization in conjugated systems whereas recent demonstrations of high bandwidth electrooptic modulation in polymer based modulators2 or low threshold near IR infrared parametric oscillation in molecular crystals3 evidence the application potential of the field. The existence of a large ground state dipole moment and the possibility to couple it to a poling electric field via a Langevin-Boltzmann distribution stands-out as the major cornerstone responsible for the development of the field. A two-level model pointing-out the difference between excited and ground state dipoles as a basic underlying parameter further strengthens the relevance of a dipolar geometry. However, such highly consistent interplay of dipolar models, experiments and technologies may have lead to ignore broader possibilities as recently recognized in the form of octupolar (see Fig.1) and more generally, multipolar systems4.

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2

Kedziora, Przemyslaw, Jan Jadzyn y Louis Hellemans. "Nonlinear dielectric relaxation in dipolar systems". En International Conference on Dielectric and Related Phenomena '98, editado por Andrzej Wlochowicz. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.373709.

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3

Pulido-Mancera, Laura, Mohammadreza F. Imani y David R. Smith. "Dipolar Model for Metamaterial Imaging Systems". En 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2018.8608502.

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4

Merchiers, O., F. Moreno, J. M. Saiz y F. Gonzalez. "Coherence effects in systems of Dipolar Bi-Spheres". En Tenth Conference on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2007.confelectromagligscat.320.

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5

Menotti, C., M. Lewenstein, T. Lahaye, T. Pfau, Alessandro Campa, Andrea Giansanti, Giovanna Morigi y Francesco Sylos Labini. "Dipolar interaction in ultra-cold atomic gases". En DYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS WITH LONG RANGE INTERACTIONS: Theory and Experiments. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2839130.

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6

Tavares, J. M. "Equilibrium Structure of the Quasi-Two-Dimensional Dipolar Fluid". En MODELING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS: Seventh Granada Lectures. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1571314.

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7

Alonso, Juan J. "Hole Digging in Dipolar Field Distributions of Tunneling Spins". En MODELING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS: Seventh Granada Lectures. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1571320.

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8

Duan, Zhong-Hui y Robert Krasny. "A treecode algorithm for computing Ewald summation of dipolar systems". En the 2003 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/952532.952569.

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9

Fiorini, Céline, Fabrice Charra, Jean-Michel Nunzi y Joseph Zyss. "Permanent all-optical poling of octupolar molecules". En The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cmk2.

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Resumen

Conjugated intramolecular charge transfer systems such as the paranitroaniline derivatives have remained so far one of the most studied classes of organic molecules with enhanced quadratic optical properties. Nevertheless, under the influence of dipole/dipole interactions such molecules are prone to form light scattering aggregates in dilute media or crystallize in centrosymmetric lattices, that results thus in the material having no macroscopic second-order susceptibility. This approach was recently revised, and a new engineering scheme was proposed: octupolar molecules, that can possess large nonlinear optical properties together with good transparency but that do not possess a permanent dipole moment, may circumvent the problem discussed above.1,2 However, since the absence of dipole moment in such molecules prevents dipolar orientation, no polar order can be expected from standard polarization techniques such as Corona poling.

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10

Duarte, Leonardo José y Roy Edward Bruns. "Infrared intensities of imaginary frequencies: Gas-Phase SN2 Transition States". En VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202032.

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Resumen

The gas phase SN2 reaction transition state structures for nine [XCZ_3 Y]^- systems, where X,Y=H,F,Cl and Z = H,F were optimized and their normal modes of vibrations were determined at the QCISD/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Using Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), the atomic charges and atomic dipoles were obtained and used to calculate the Charge – Charge Transfer – Dipolar Polarization (CCTDP) contributions to the imaginary normal mode intensity of transition states. The results show that the imaginary bands are strong, ranging from 1217 to 16086 〖km∙mol〗^(-1), much higher than occurs for most bands found in molecules. For all systems, the CT contribution is responsible for 80% of the total intensity on average. The Charge contributions are slightly higher for transitions states with Z = F. Dipolar polarization contributions are always small. The contributions from the Z atoms are negligible, thus only atoms aligned with the reaction axis X-C-Y contribute to total intensity. All charge transfers were evaluated taking the carbon atom as reference, implying that almost all infrared intensity is determined by electron transfers from the nucleophile and carbon and from carbon to the leaving group. The mechanism of charge transfer revealed by the CCTDP model is consistent with the reaction mechanism itself, which points towards the connection between the imaginary normal mode and the reaction coordinate.

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Informes sobre el tema "Dipolar systems"

1

Meth, M. System layout and component values of dipole and quadrupole power supplies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julio de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150438.

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2

Assell, D. L., J. M. Cahill y J. A. Carson. Overview of a robotic system for azimuthal dimensions of SSC dipole coils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110608.

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3

Goodson, T., Wang III y C. H. Dispersion and Dipolar Orientational Effects on the Linear Electro-Absorption and Electro-Optic Responses in a Model Guest/Host Nonlinear Optical System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, julio de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada311120.

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4

Wu, K. C. Performance of the MAGCOOL - Subcooler Cryogenic System After 50 mm SSC Dipole Quenches. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febrero de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119161.

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5

Lopez, G. y G. Snitchler. Study of passive and active protection system for the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) R D dipole magnet. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6515936.

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6

Wu, K. C. Peak Loop Pressure and Peak Temperature in the MAGCOOL-Subcooler Cryogenic System after Low Current Quenches of SSC Dipole DCA213. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), noviembre de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119173.

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