Tesis sobre el tema "Digestes"
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Kidby, David W. "Biogas hydrogen as an indicator of digester instability in anaerobic sewage sludge digesters". Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280473.
Texto completoMoço, Eunice Alexandra dos Santos. "Projeto de uma unidade produtora de biogás". Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/5847.
Texto completoChristodoulides, Jacqueline S. "Mixing in anaerobic digesters". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533276.
Texto completoMons, Catherine. "Complications digestives chez les transplantés cardiaques". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M025.
Texto completoVelho, Douglas Ferreira. "Digestão anaeróbia de resíduos de restaurantes: partida do reator e avaliação do biofertilizante". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5823.
Texto completoMade available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T12:56:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Ferreira Velho_.pdf: 2524832 bytes, checksum: dd171e639a007511b6cceb2258575af8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29
Comitesinos - Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos
FUNDEPE - Fundação Universitária para Desenvolvimento do Ensino e da Pesquisa
Petrobras - Petróleo Brasileiro S. A.
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
O crescente aumento na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos, somado às formas inadequadas de tratamento e disposição contribuem de forma direta e significativa com a problemática ambiental. Diante deste cenário, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de alternativas que permitam outros benefícios além da disposição final apropriada. A digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa viável e economicamente interessante para tratamento da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Considerando que em nosso país a fração orgânica é predominante nos resíduos sólidos urbanos, correspondendo em média a mais de 40% na composição, ao mesmo tempo que reduz o volume de resíduos enviados para os aterros sanitários, o processo gera produtos como o biogás e biofertilizante para uso agrícola. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a tratabilidade da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos domésticos provenientes do preparo e pós consumo das refeições de um restaurante universitário em um reator operado por batelada e qualificar as características do biofertilizante gerado. Para atingir este objetivo, a pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas, sendo que na etapa inicial foram realizadas quatro bateladas nas quais foram analisadas a proporção adequada de resíduos e inóculo para partida do reator sem que ocorresse acidificação. A segunda etapa consistiu na realização de seis bateladas, nas quais foram monitorados os principais parâmetros de operação e a terceira etapa onde foram avaliados os parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos do biofertilizante gerado ao final dos ensaios da segunda etapa. Os resultados da primeira etapa apontaram que a proporção de 6:1 em termos de sólidos totais voláteis, sendo lodo proveniente de um reator UASB e resíduos sólidos putrescíveis respectivamente, apresentaram uma partida adequada do sistema, sem que ocorresse acidificação, com o pH variando entre 6,9 e 7,7. Na segunda fase o monitoramento dos principais parâmetros de operação permitiu que no decorrer dos ensaios a proporção em termos de STV fosse reduzida, chegando a 1:1 de inóculo e substrato respectivamente, na batelada 10, portanto permitindo o tratamento de uma quantidade maior de resíduos em relação aos ensaios iniciais. Os resultados obtidos no monitoramento apontaram que o pH manteve-se dentro da faixa considerada ideal entre 6,0 e 8,0, porém o período de vinte e dois dias adotado como tempo de retenção mostrou-se insuficiente para degradação e consequente remoção da matéria orgânica, sendo que apenas a batelada 10 mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de STV 8,1% e carbono orgânico total 33,5%. A análise física do biofertilizante gerado no final de cada ensaio apontou umidade acima do permitido pela legislação, sendo indicado apenas para uso via aspersão. Quimicamente o biofertilizante apresentou insuficiência de nitrogênio, evidenciada nas elevadas relações C:N iniciais e finais obtidas e carência de macronutrientes como fósforo cujos resultados ficaram abaixo de 1%, mínimo imposto pela legislação e potássio, elemento que não foi detectado na pelo equipamento utilizado. A qualidade sanitária do composto atendeu a legislação quanto a presença de ovos viáveis de helmintos, sendo que todos os ensaios apresentaram resultados inferiores a uma unidade/4g, porém apresentou resultados acima do limite estabelecido para coliformes termotolerantes. O teste de germinação confirmou a ausência da fitotoxidade dos produtos.
The increase in the generation of municipal solid waste, together with the inadequate forms of treatment and disposal contribute directly and significantly to the environmental problems. In this scenario, it is necessary to develop alternatives to other benefits in addition to the appropriate disposal. Anaerobic digestion is a viable alternative and economically interesting for the treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Whereas in our country the organic fraction is predominant in urban solid waste, corresponding to an average of over 40% in the composition, at the same time reducing the volume of waste sent to landfills, the process generates products such as biogas and biofertilizers for agricultural use. This research aimed to evaluate the treatability of the organic fraction of household waste from the preparation and after consumption of meals from a university restaurant in a reactor operated by batch and qualify the characteristics of the generated biofertilizers. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted in three phases, with the initial phase were held four batches were analyzed in which the proportions of the waste and inoculum for starting the reactor without acidification occurred. The second stage consisted of six batches, which were monitored in the main operating parameters and the third stage where we evaluated the chemical, physical and microbiological biofertilizer generated at the end of the second stage trials. The first step results indicated that the ratio of 6: 1 in terms of total volatile solids, and sludge from a UASB reactor and solid waste putrescible respectively, showed a suitable starting system without occur acidification to pH between 6.9 and 7.7. In the second stage, the monitoring of key operating parameters allowed during the experiment the proportion in terms STV be reduced, reaching 1: 1 inoculum and substrate respectively in the batch 10, thus allowing treatment of a larger quantity of waste compared to the initial test. The results showed that monitoring the pH was maintained within the range considered optimal between 6.0 and 8.0, but the period twenty-two days adopted as the retention time was insufficient to degradation and subsequent removal of matter organic, and only the batch 10 was effective in removing STV 8.1% and 33.5% total organic carbon. Physical analysis of biofertilizers generated at the end of each test pointed humidity above those permitted by law and is intended only for use via spraying. Chemically biofertilizer showed nitrogen deficiency, evidenced in the high ratios C: Initial N and obtained final and lack of nutrients such as phosphorus whose results were below 1% minimum required by the legislation and potassium, an element that was not detected in the equipment used. The sanitary quality of the compound met the legislation for the presence of viable helminth eggs, and all tests showed lower results to a unit / 4G, but showed results above the limit for fecal coliforms. The germination test confirmed the absence of phytotoxicity of products.
Fukayama, Ellen Hatsumi [UNESP]. "Características quantitativas e qualitativas da cama de frango sob diferentes reutilizações: efeitos na produção de biogás e biofertilizante". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104913.
Texto completoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da reutilização de cama de quatro lotes de criações de frangos de corte sobre a produção de cama de frango, a produção de biogás e a utilização do biofertilizante para adubação de milho. No capítulo sobre produção de cama foram avaliados quatro reutilizações de cama de frangos de corte criados em um galpão comercial dividido em 12 boxes pertencente à Empresa Rei Frango em São Carlos - SP - Brasil. Para caracterização da produção de cama foi avaliado a quantidade de cama produzida na matéria seca (MS) e o coeficiente de resíduo (Cr), ou seja, a quantidade de resíduo por kg de peso vivo das aves. Na caracterização qualitativa, foram analisados os teores de macro, micronutrientes e metais na casca de amendoim e cama de frango. Com o acréscimo de casca de amendoim nova mais o aumento de excretas do lote anterior, houve aumento (P<0,05) na produção de cama (MS). Assim, o Cr aumentou de acordo com a reutilização da cama. Porém, quando se avalia o Cr acumulado, ou seja, a quantidade de resíduo por kg de peso vivo acumulado das aves dos lotes criados, não houve diferença (P>0,05). De forma geral, foi observado que, com a reutilização da cama houve aumento (P<0,05) na concentração de nutrientes na cama. Conclui-se que com a reutilização de cama é possível igualar ou diminuir os custos com a aquisição de nova cama, aumentar a quantidade de nutrientes na cama para ser utilizada como biofertilizante na agricultura e estabilizar ou diminuir o impacto ambiental com a produção de cama por ave produzida. No capítulo sobre biodigestão anaeróbia de cama de frangos, para cada lote de aves conduzidos foram realizadas duas avaliações de biodigestão anaeróbia, sendo 4 ensaios (camas de 1 a 4º reutilização) avaliados de 2 formas: as 4 camas foram avaliadas em diferentes épocas do ano e também avaliadas na mesma época...
The objective was to evaluate the effect of reuse of litter of four broiler breeding cycle on the broiler litter’ production, the biogas’ production and use of organic fertilizer for fertilization of maize. In the chapter on production of litter were evaluated four reuses of litter of broiler chickens reared in a commercial shed divided in 12 boxes belonging to Rei Frango Company in São Carlos - São Paulo - Brazil. To characterize the production of litter was assessed the amount of litter produced in dry matter (DM) and the coefficient of waste (CW), or the amount of waste per kg of live birds. In qualitative characteristics, were analyzed the levels of macro, micro and metals in the shell of peanuts and broiler litter. With the addition of new peanut shell, plus the increase of manure of the previous batch, there was an increase (P<0.05) in the production of litter (dry matter - DM). Thus, the increased CW according to the reuse of litter. But when assessing the cumulative CW, or the amount of waste per kilogram of body weight of accumulated lots of birds created, there was no difference (P>0.05). Overall, it was observed that with the reuse of the litter there was an increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of nutrients in litter. It follows that with the reuse of litter can be equal or lower cost for the purchase of new litter, increase the amount of nutrients in litter to be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and keep or reduce the environmental impact to the production of litter by produced per bird. In the chapter on anaerobic digester with litter of broiler, for each batch of birds conducted two evaluations were made of anaerobic digester, and 4 trials (litters from 1 to 4 reuse) evaluated in 2 ways: the 4 litters were evaluated at different times of the year and also evaluated in the same season, totaling 8 tests. 24 digesters were used in batch, distributed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Voegel, Célestine. "Impact BIochimique des effluents agricoles et agroindustriels sur les structures/ouvrages en BEtOn dans la filière de valorisation par Méthanisation (ou codigestion anaérobie)". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0044/document.
Texto completoAnaerobic digestion consists in the degradation of organic matter by the successive actions of microorganisms, industrially operated in digesters made of concrete. Microbial metabolites (volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH4+, CO2) produced during this process attack the cementitious matrix of the concrete. To ensure the development of this new industrial field, it appears essential to understand first the alteration phenomena, then to propose durable solutions for digesters’ construction materials. The thesis’ objectives were first to identify and to quantify the aggressive agents for concrete in anaerobic digestion media, then to understand their impacts on the cementitious materials’ alteration mechanisms. Finally, the impacts of those media were compared on different cement pastes made of : ordinary Portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, calcium aluminate cement or alkali activated materials. During laboratory tests, the maximal concentration in aggressive agents measured during the digestion of a synthetic biowaste were 3 000 mg.L-1 of VFA, 800 mg.L-1 of NH4+, and 140 mg.L-1 of dissolved CO2. The colonization of the microorganisms able to produce the aggressive agents has been observed on the cementitious materials’ surfaces exposed to the biowaste during digestion. The external degraded layers of the exposed cementitious materials are partially decalcified, most likely regarding to the action of the VFA and the NH4+. Carbonation has also been detected caused by the dissolved CO2. In situ experiments, in real conditions, achieved in an experimental anaerobic digestion platform, confirmed the alteration phenomena distinguished in the laboratory tests. In terms of durability, calcium aluminate cement present the best performances against the biochemical attacks compared to ordinary cement or blast furnace slag cement in laboratory or in situ anaerobic digestion systems
Rieradevall, Joan. "Contaminació ramadera en zones rurals. Tractament anaerobi en purins de porc en digestors convencionals, i en planta pilot digestor-fossa a temperatura ambient". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3261.
Texto completoThe first phase of the study consisted of a global analysis a rural municipality dedicated preliminary to agricultural and livestock activities and having a typical production of waste matter. This study covered the population, the physical environment, the activities and the issue of livestock waste matter along with its impact on the environment.
Quantification and characterization of the livestock waste matter were affected as well as how its was being handled from storage to disposal.
Management and treatment actions for livestock waste matter have been proposed with a view to minimizing its impact on the environmental in rural areas.
Where livestock waste treatment are concerned, a study was carried out on the general features of the anaerobic digestion facilities in Catalonia (Spain), later making a follow up on four of them where pig manure is treated on an industrial scale.
The problems involved in the function of these facilities were studied, observing gas escapes from those under study plus degradation of the gasometers, obstructions in the pipes, the use of inadequate equipment and the inhibition of digestion.
The degree of purification at these facilities was assessed, with its being equal or inferior to fifty percent.
In the final stage of this study, research undertaken on anaerobic digestion at low temperature.
A study was made of the design and engineering of the pilot digester pit in terms cost, control of construction, the mechanisms to be installed, civil works, installation of gas and electricity and means of scientific control.
The start up of the digester pit was been assessed by applying a conventional inoculators, later observing the feasibility of this process.
Additional energy and thermographic studies of the facility were also made. A lower consumption of electricity than in conventional facilities was observed, as well as the fact of there being no thermal bridges in the digester pit.
Pons, Laurent. "Troubles moteurs digestifs associés à une inflammation expérimentale du tractus digestif chez le rat. Rôle du PAF, des radicaux libres et des prostanoi͏̈des". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30146.
Texto completoJansson, Johan. "Digester modelling for diagnostics and control". Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7547.
Texto completoKKS project:Use of physical models combined with statistical models for improved digester control
Armelin, Isabelle. "Manifestations digestives du purpura rhumatoïde chez l'enfant". Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11011.
Texto completoAuduval, Sandrine. "Les candidoses digestives". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P105.
Texto completoKearney, Theresa Elizabeth. "Survival of pathogenic bacteria in anaerobic digesters". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334706.
Texto completoIshaq, Farryad. "Trace metal supplementation in wastewater sludge digesters". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3896/.
Texto completoZahr, Meia. "Separation of Tryptic Digested IgG with HPLC". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233869.
Texto completoAntikroppen Immunoglobulin G (IgG) kan klyvas till peptider med enzymet trypsin. Under denna studie ska utvecklades en separationsmetod för dessa peptider med RP-HPLC. Separationen utfördes med en C18 kolonn i rumstemperatur. Först optimerades en separation av trypsin-klyvt cytokrom C vars optimerade parametrar sedan användes som grund för IgG-separation. Optimeringen utfördes vid våglängden 280 nm(UV) och metanol användes som organiskt lösningsmedel i mobil fas (B). En snabb gradient upp till 100% B med låg flödeshastighet gav mest gynnsamt resultat för cytokrom C. Separationen av IgG gynnades av ett högt flöde och en långsam gradient till 100% B. Den optimerade gradientelueringen för cytokrom C och IgG gjordes vid flödet 0.3 respektive 0.8 ml/min.
Fukayama, Ellen Hatsumi. "Características quantitativas e qualitativas da cama de frango sob diferentes reutilizações : efeitos na produção de biogás e biofertilizante /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104913.
Texto completoBanca: Roberto Alves de Oliveira
Banca: Júlio Cesar Pascale Palhares
Banca: Nilva Kazue Sakomura
Banca: Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da reutilização de cama de quatro lotes de criações de frangos de corte sobre a produção de cama de frango, a produção de biogás e a utilização do biofertilizante para adubação de milho. No capítulo sobre produção de cama foram avaliados quatro reutilizações de cama de frangos de corte criados em um galpão comercial dividido em 12 boxes pertencente à Empresa Rei Frango em São Carlos - SP - Brasil. Para caracterização da produção de cama foi avaliado a quantidade de cama produzida na matéria seca (MS) e o coeficiente de resíduo (Cr), ou seja, a quantidade de resíduo por kg de peso vivo das aves. Na caracterização qualitativa, foram analisados os teores de macro, micronutrientes e metais na casca de amendoim e cama de frango. Com o acréscimo de casca de amendoim nova mais o aumento de excretas do lote anterior, houve aumento (P<0,05) na produção de cama (MS). Assim, o Cr aumentou de acordo com a reutilização da cama. Porém, quando se avalia o Cr acumulado, ou seja, a quantidade de resíduo por kg de peso vivo acumulado das aves dos lotes criados, não houve diferença (P>0,05). De forma geral, foi observado que, com a reutilização da cama houve aumento (P<0,05) na concentração de nutrientes na cama. Conclui-se que com a reutilização de cama é possível igualar ou diminuir os custos com a aquisição de nova cama, aumentar a quantidade de nutrientes na cama para ser utilizada como biofertilizante na agricultura e estabilizar ou diminuir o impacto ambiental com a produção de cama por ave produzida. No capítulo sobre biodigestão anaeróbia de cama de frangos, para cada lote de aves conduzidos foram realizadas duas avaliações de biodigestão anaeróbia, sendo 4 ensaios (camas de 1 a 4º reutilização) avaliados de 2 formas: as 4 camas foram avaliadas em diferentes épocas do ano e também avaliadas na mesma época... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the effect of reuse of litter of four broiler breeding cycle on the broiler litter' production, the biogas' production and use of organic fertilizer for fertilization of maize. In the chapter on production of litter were evaluated four reuses of litter of broiler chickens reared in a commercial shed divided in 12 boxes belonging to Rei Frango Company in São Carlos - São Paulo - Brazil. To characterize the production of litter was assessed the amount of litter produced in dry matter (DM) and the coefficient of waste (CW), or the amount of waste per kg of live birds. In qualitative characteristics, were analyzed the levels of macro, micro and metals in the shell of peanuts and broiler litter. With the addition of new peanut shell, plus the increase of manure of the previous batch, there was an increase (P<0.05) in the production of litter (dry matter - DM). Thus, the increased CW according to the reuse of litter. But when assessing the cumulative CW, or the amount of waste per kilogram of body weight of accumulated lots of birds created, there was no difference (P>0.05). Overall, it was observed that with the reuse of the litter there was an increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of nutrients in litter. It follows that with the reuse of litter can be equal or lower cost for the purchase of new litter, increase the amount of nutrients in litter to be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and keep or reduce the environmental impact to the production of litter by produced per bird. In the chapter on anaerobic digester with litter of broiler, for each batch of birds conducted two evaluations were made of anaerobic digester, and 4 trials (litters from 1 to 4 reuse) evaluated in 2 ways: the 4 litters were evaluated at different times of the year and also evaluated in the same season, totaling 8 tests. 24 digesters were used in batch, distributed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Onderková, Petra. "Zhodnocení ekologických rizik plynoucích z realizace a provozu bioplynových stanic". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259183.
Texto completoGamelin, Erick. "Pharmacologie clinique du 5-fluorouracile et de certains sels de platine chez des patients souffrant de cancers du tractus digestif et des voies aéro-digestives supérieures". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28484.
Texto completoBendezú, García Rogger Álvaro. "Mecanismo de producción de los síntomas digestivos funcionales". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399830.
Texto completoIn this thesis we have studied the mechanisms that produce functional gastrointestinal symptoms using non-invasive techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. For image analysis and study of its contents we created special softwares in our laboratory. In the first study, using an original methodology and techniques of artificial intelligence we have studied a large cohort of healthy subjects to establish the pattern of normality in the distribution of gas within the digestive tract. In addition, 88 patients with symptoms attributed to intestinal gas were studied at baseline and during an episode of maximum distension. Volumes measured when the patient was asymptomatic were similar to those of the cohort of healthy volunteers, however during symptomatic episodes some patients had a pattern of gas in the digestive tract outside the range of normal. In the second study the non-gaseous component in the colon in both healthy subjects and in patients with abdominal distention was measured, showing that the solid content has a uniform distribution with variations related to ingestion of meals. Functional abdominal symptoms not related to changes in non-gaseous contents of the colon. In the third study, using abdominal images obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance, a reliable assessment of the colon and its contents was obtained. Thus the non-gaseous content presents circadian variations with substantial parts produced by ingestion and defecation. Intake nonabsorbable residues in the diet has a marked influence on colon nongaseous content.
Boruchowicz, Arnaud. "Sarcoidose et tube digestif". Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M136.
Texto completoRougelin-Clapasson, Christine. "Vascularites et tube digestif". Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11291.
Texto completoCunha, Joaquim Miguel Gonçalves. "Digestão anaeróbia de biorresíduos". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23337.
Texto completoA digestão anaeróbia (DA) é um processo com grande interesse no âmbito da gestão de resíduos pois para além de tratar estes resíduos diminuindo a carga poluente ao nível das emissões gasosas e dos efluentes líquido quando são descarregados no ambiente, permitem ainda recuperar os nutrientes para aplicação no solo como fertilizante e condicionador do solo, produzindo ainda biogás, que é uma fonte de energia renovável. A digestão anaeróbia é realizada por determinados microrganismos específicos, que, atuando na ausência de oxigénio, promovem a degradação da matéria orgânica, produzindo digestato e uma mistura gasosa composta por metano e dióxido de carbono. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o estudo do processo de digestão anaeróbia aplicado a biorresíduos de origem alimentar, no contexto da avaliação da operacionalidade de uma instalação piloto de digestão anaeróbia disponível no DAOUA. Para o efeito foram realizadas várias séries de ensaios, cada uma das quais em diferentes situações, na tentativa de obter condições de operação satisfatórias em estado estacionário, nomeadamente em relação à temperatura, ao pH, à produção de biogás, à carga orgânica/teor de sólidos e mistura. Em relação aos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que a condição inicial afeta de forma decisiva o desempenho do processo ao longo do tempo, nomeadamente a atividade da população bacteriana responsável pela metanogénese. Dos quatro ensaios reportados, apenas o último, realizado à temperatura de cerca de 25ºC, evidenciou as condições de estacionaridade desejadas: cerca de 125 litros de biogás por kg de biorresíduos contendo 50- 60% de CH4, na presença de um digestato com pH de cerca de 7,1, com teor de sólidos totais de 8-10%, alcalinidade de 5-6 gCaCO3.L-1, quase sem cheiro e facilmente centrifugável, contendo cerca 2-3% de azoto Kjeldahl referido ao digestato seco. Com as alterações introduzidas, a instalação evidenciou condições para a realização de estudos e lecionação à escala piloto, nomeadamente no âmbito do tratamento de biorresíduos por digestão anaeróbia, embora seja conveniente/necessário melhorar tecnicamente alguns dos dispositivos que apresenta atualmente ao nível de: alimentação, recolha/descarga do digestato, agitação/mistura, monitorização e registo de dados.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process with great interest in the management of organic wastes because, in addition to treating this residue reducing the pollutant load at the level of the gaseous emissions and the liquid effluents when they are discharged into the environment, it also allows to recover the nutrients for application in soil as fertilizer/soil amendment and still produces biogas, which is a source of renewable energy. Anaerobic digestion is performed by certain specific microorganisms, which degrade organic matter in the absence of oxygen, producing a digestate and a gaseous mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. The present work aims to contribute to the study of the anaerobic digestion applied to biowaste, in the context of the evaluation of the operational conditions of a pilot plant available in DAOUA. For this purpose, several series of tests, each in different situations, were carried out to obtain satisfactory steady state operating conditions, namely in order to temperature, pH, biogas production, organic load and mixing. In relation to the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that the initial condition affects in a decisive way the performance of the process over time, namely the activity of the bacterial population responsible for methanogenesis. Of the four trials reported, only the last one, performed at a temperature of about 25ºC, showed the desired stationarity conditions: about 125 liters of biogas per kg of biowaste containing 50-60% CH4, in the presence of digestate with pH of about 7,1, with total solids content of 8-10%, alkalinity of 5-6 gCaCO3.L-1, almost odorless and easily centrifugable, containing about 2-3% of Kjeldahl nitrogen referred to the dry digestate. With the changes introduced, the installation showed conditions for carrying out studies and lecturing at the pilot scale, namely in the treatment of biowaste by anaerobic digestion, although it is convenient/necessary to technically to improve some of its devices: feeder, outlet digestate port, continuous mixer, monitoring and recording data.
Pech-Gourg, Laurent. "Troubles digestifs et sports". Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11211.
Texto completoGRUNER, LAURENT. "Les hemorragies digestives basses". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M373.
Texto completoStephenson, Robert John. "A comparison of retained biomass anaerobic digester designs". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26740.
Texto completoApplied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
Campbell, Alison June. "The behaviour of pharmaceuticals in anaerobic digester sludge". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-behaviour-of-pharmaceuticals-in-anaerobic-digester-sludge(995bec06-33fd-4c74-96a3-db4aba5a1c30).html.
Texto completoHolloway, Ryan W. "Forward osmosis for concentration of anaerobic digester centrate". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436020.
Texto completoShaaban, M. G. B. "Scale-up studies on anaerobic dispersed growth digesters". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372310.
Texto completoBouaziz, Alexandre N. (Alexandre Nathanel). "Design of an anaerobic digester in Quebec, Canada". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90008.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84).
.In response to the future Quebec, Canada regulations prohibiting landfilling of organic matter by 2020, EBI, a waste management company located near Montreal is considering constructing an anaerobic digester. This thesis focuses on designing a scalable prototype based on the waste types available from the existing facilities of the company and the Montreal area. Based on an extended literature review and a feedstock analysis realized for this project, the study covers the elements composing an anaerobic digestion facility, the design criteria and calculations as well as a preliminary cost assessment and scalability strategy to help EBI realize the project.
by Alexandre N. Bouaziz.
M. Eng.
Brooks, Dana L. "Potential for methane digesters on U.S. dairy farms". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15664.
Texto completoDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Christine Wilson
Methane digesters are a potential investment for a dairy farm. A digester can lower greenhouse gas emissions, manage manure waste, generate energy, provide fertilizer and recycle bedding. The AgSTAR project of the Environment Protection Agency describes anaerobic digesters as a solution to a problem dairy farmers have always had to solve but that has become more acute with the innovation of larger scale, confined animal feeding operations developed in response to the growing food demands of the world’s larger and more prosperous middle class population – what to do with cow manure. Digesters take cow manure and convert it into energy while also eliminating manure odor. Energy is the primary economic benefit of a digester. A dairy farmer can use the electricity or gas generated from the digester to fuel the energy needs of the farm. Selling gas or electricity on the market is a revenue source that largely determines the level of profit from investing in a digester. This thesis will explore the four economic factors required to make anaerobic digesters a viable economic investment for a 1,500 head cow herd in the United States. It is imperative that farmers are able to obtain a return on the investment as soon as possible as many do not have the capital to invest in a nearly $1 million project. Congress may need to provide additional incentives for farmers and utility companies to take waste and process to energy. The future for methane digesters looks profitable when energy and carbon markets are available and allowed to trade competitively. The federal government may consider focusing on incentives for the utility companies’ infrastructure to make purchases of renewable energy from a digester more economically attractive and efficient. Today, an obstacle for increasing the number of digesters in the United States is the cost associated with moving the energy from the digester and into the national natural gas to grid. Natural gas companies may need to be compensated for that expense plus the potential difficulties of dealing with multiple suppliers or digester owners. Electricity companies have a grid in place to power rural and urban communities. They have spent billions of dollars and decades to establish efficient routing of power to residents and businesses. Manure digesters are mostly located in rural areas that would also require an investment in infrastructure to move the energy from the digester to the power grid. Mandating net-metering would require energy companies to purchase renewable energy, but consumers may see an increase in their cost. Therefore, the answer to increasing the number of manure digesters in the United States may be to direct the incentives to utility companies to invest in expanding infrastructure rather than increasing digester owner subsidies. Although, the REAP grants are helpful for assisting farmers with startup installation costs, there may not be a need to increase that subsidy in the next farm bill if an energy bill includes incentives for energy companies to purchase renewable energy from digesters.
Clements, Laura. "The suitability of anaerobic digesters on organic farms". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/354422/.
Texto completoJeyanayagam, Samuel S. "Engineering analysis of a Chinese-type anaerobic digester". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49800.
Texto completoDavis, Owen S. "Heat transfer through anaerobic digester concrete tank walls". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29909.
Texto completoMurambadoro, Daniel K. "The structural performance of egg-shaped sludge digesters". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5019.
Texto completoLehtinen, Silja. "Building a Small Scale Anaerobic Digester in Quelimane". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214458.
Texto completoConklin, Anne. "Acetoclastic methanogenesis : a key to anaerobic digester stability /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10131.
Texto completoPlouchart, Diane. "Experimental coalescence of microbial communities in anaerobic digesters". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSAM0009/document.
Texto completoAnaerobic digestion is a biological process carried out by a complex and synergistic network of microbial communities allowing the degradation of organic matter such as agricultural waste or effluents from wastewater treatment plants, into biogas, a gas recoverable into energy. The mechanisms influencing microbial communities at the heart of this process but also in nature remain misunderstood because of a low understanding of their dynamics. The objectives of this project are therefore to develop an anaerobic digestion system to better understand the dynamics of microbial community assembly. Thus, a new continuous reactor process has been developed with automated feeding, biomass wasting and degassing functions. Automation and multiplexing of reactors allows for the continuous parallel manipulation of 30 reactors in parallel. In addition to the automation, many parameters are versatile, such as the substrate loading (once a minute up to batch conditions), the reactor volume (50 to 200 mL), the temperature (room to 55°C), but also the use of the aerobic system or the implementation of other tools such as LEDs for phototrophic cultures. Capable of accurately quantifying the performance of a methanogenic ecosystem, this system has enabled us to test the structure and the performance of five different methanogenic ecosystems that have been mixed and tested individually. By mixing different methanogenic ecosystems the Archaea diversity has increased transiently. Besides, a correlation is observed between the diversity of mixed communities and their methanogenic performance; yet the individual communities have a better functioning at the same level of diversity. Interestingly, the mixture of some communities has allowed for better methane production than individual communities, suggesting the development of specific interactions in these communities. In a novel way compared to the literature and that the majority of individual bacterial communities are found in mixed communities. Contrary to the idea of selecting a more adapted or functional community, here the majority of communities have settled. These experiments suggest that a parameter such as the functionality of a bioprocess can be improved by bioaugmentation
Tcha-Thom, Maglwa. "Recherche d'une filière durable pour la méthanisation des déchets de fruits et d'abattoirs du Togo : Evaluation du potentiel agronomique des digestats sur les sols de la région de la Kara". Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0061/document.
Texto completoAnaerobic digestion, a renewal energy process, constitutes an undeniable asset of material and energy flows recovering in response to sustainable development issues. Thus, the aim of this current study was to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms that govern the reactive environment of anaerobic digestion and the effects of digestates on the biophysico- chemical matrix of agricultural soils sector. The running of leaching tests in aerobic and anaerobic controlled reactors, organo-mineral mobilizations patterns of the substrates and the valorization of biogas in slaughtered animals knackering have been realized. The physicochemical and technical locks tarnishing the pineapple wastes anaerobic digestion have been lifted and optimized through the co-substrates including cattle manure and ashes. The digestates have been brought on agricultural soils, forests areas soils and medium free of organic matter and clays and allowed to detect the limits of digestates uses and the interactions with organic and mineral fractions of soils. This study, thus show, the importance to develop the anaerobic digestion sector for a sustainable removal of organic wastes
Ducreux, Michel. "Tumeurs neuroendocrines : nouvelles approches diagnostiques et thérapeutiques, facteurs pronostiques". Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOMU16.
Texto completoWaelkens, Barbara Elisabeth [Verfasser] y Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Takors. "Investigation of high load anaerobic digester design parameters : effect of reaction kinetics on digester design recommendations / Barbara Elisabeth Waelkens ; Betreuer: Ralf Takors". Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215101929/34.
Texto completoGenevois, Sandrine. "Intérêt de l'endoscopie digestive haute systématique chez l'insuffisant rénal chronique avant le début de la dialyse : étude rétrospective de 72 sujets réunionnais". Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M063.
Texto completoNguyen, Vo Chau Ngan. "Small-scale anaerobic digesters in Vietnam - development and challenges". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88525.
Texto completoMô hình lên men yếm khí quy mô nhỏ (được biết với tên hầm ủ khí sinh học) đã được ứng dụng hiệu quả trong xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi cũng như cung cấp nguồn nhiên liệu phục vụ nhu cầu nấu ăn và thắp sáng cho các hộ chăn nuôi nhỏ ở Việt Nam. Mặc dù đã hiện diện gần 30 năm, nhưng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinh học vẫn còn hạn chế. Sự gia tăng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinh học chưa theo kịp với nhu cầu về xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi đang ngày càng gia tăng. Bài báo trình bày các chặng đường phát triển của hầm ủ khí sinh học tại Việt Nam, ghi nhận các thách thức trong việc nhân rộng hầm ủ khí sinh học trong thực tế và thảo luận một số giải pháp để phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học
Albadvi, Elham. "Measuring uniformity in kraft digesters using flow-following sensors". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29411.
Texto completoFell, Christopher John. "Monitoring and control of anaerobic digesters treating industrial effluents". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32621.
Texto completoCastano, Juan Mauricio. "Anaerobic Digestion of Low Rate Digesters in Temperate Climates". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345220853.
Texto completoJiang, Anping. "Ammonia recovery from digested dairy manure as nitrogen fertilizer". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/a_jiang_010509.pdf.
Texto completoTitle from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 19, 2010). "Department of Biological Systems Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
Gibson, Leia. "Microalgal cultivation to treat anaerobically digested domestic effluent (ADDE)". Thesis, Gibson, Leia (2020) Microalgal cultivation to treat anaerobically digested domestic effluent (ADDE). Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/59417/.
Texto completoWahal, Shantanu. "Nutrient Utilization from Anaerobic Digester Effluent Through Algae Cultivation". DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/671.
Texto completoAdler, Neal Cary. "Dairy Manure Flushwater Treatment by Packed-Bed Anaerobic Digesters". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1025.
Texto completoAlmeida, Érika Hotz. "Digestão ácida em diptera superiores". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-18092015-160208/.
Texto completoInsects are the most numerous of living beings and are found in almost all habitats. The midgut of these animals is the main interface between them and their enviroment. Thus, the study of digestive enzymes or of other proteins relateded to the insect digestive process is putatively useful for the development of new insect control strategies. Houseflies (higher Diptera) are the only animals, besides vertebrates, that present an acidic region in the midgut (Vonk & Western, 1984). Due do that, a detailed analysis of the acidic digestion in these insects may disclose molecular evolutionary paralellisms between those animals. Two enzymes were chosen along the aims discussed: a Musca domestica aspartic-proteinase, similar to cathepsin D and a digestive lysozyme from Drosophila melanogaster. To purify the cathepsin D-like proteinase from M. domestica larvae, larval foreguts and midguts were homogeneized, centrifuged, and the resulting supernatant was used as an enzyme source. Ion-exchange chromatography followed by a gel filtration of enzyme extract resulted in a homogeneous preparation of the enzyme. Clones of lysozyme from D. melanogaster (LysD) and A. darling (Lysdar) were used in the construction of expression vectors, which were used to transform E. coli cells (OrigamiTM B(DE3)) and P. pastoris GS115 (his4). Bacteria transformed with pT7-dar (the expression vector which contained the gene Lysdar), when induced by IPTG, expressed a protein with a molecular weight of 14 kDa, as expected for lysozyme. This protein was found in inclusion bodies that were solubilized in 3% SDS resulting in a protein with no activity. After choosing at random P. pastoris colonies transformed with the expression vector pPIC9-D (containing the gene LysD), they were submited to a PCR. The colonies with 366pb products were grown and induced by methanol. P. pastoris was engineered to excrete the expressed proteins. In accordance to that, about 12 mg of lysozyme were recovered from each litter of culture medium. Recombinant D. melanogaster lysozyme D was more active at acid pH values, when present in media with physiological ionic strengths, and its Km value increased with the ionic strength of media. This is agreement with data obtained with lysozyme D isolated from D. melanogaster midgut. The results support the assertion that this enzyme may be used in crystalographic and site mutagenesis studies to reveal the molecular basis of its catalytic properties.