Tesis: "Diet therapy"

1

Hardcastle, Antonia. "The influence of fruit and vegetables on postmenopausal women's bone health". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25176.

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2

Breakey, Joan. "A report on the use of a low additive and amine, low salicylate diet in the treatment of behaviour, hyperactivity and learning problems in children". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36733/1/36733_Breakey_1994.pdf.

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A review of the literature on diet and hyperactivity [more correctly termed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD] showed that dietary factors do not cause hyperactivity, so additives do not need to be banned. But they do effect some children. The suspect diet substances being investigated have broadened, as have the problems diet affects. There is individual variation in presenting problem profiles, in symptoms that change, in amount of change, and in suspect chemicals not tolerated. Relevant issues are the dose of suspect chemicals and the age and susceptibility of each child. A series of clinical studies were carried out over several years to investigate this relationship and report findings. In the first study of 516 families parents reported that improvement occurred in behaviour, social, learning, activity and sleep problems, as well as in physical symptoms generally termed "allergic". Suspect diet substances and smells are better thought of as aggravating the underlying predisposition in susceptible children. The more detailed second study of 112 children has shown dietary treatment to be clinically useful, and to produce demonstrable statistically significant change. Improvement was significant on the simple t-test evaluation of the change in the average RBRI scores; this significance was confirmed statistically with complex multivariat analysis of the behavioural profiles of the different responder groups. Almost 70% of parents reported benefit using the LMLS Diet. While the core features of ADHD [poor concentration, impulsivity and activity] were reported as improving, the most striking diet change, was in mood, with irritability improving more than any of those. It is suggested that these food sensitive children are better described as hyper-reactive than hyperactive, reacting to many aspects of the environment, with the food components aggravating this. An evaluation of the diet itself was made. The food substances and environmental factors which should be excluded were assessed. At different levels of strictness these exclusions form the initial screening Elimination diets to investigate food intolerance in children. In addition, variation requiring reduction or exclusion of foods commonly implicated in allergy has to be incorporated, after family diet history. In 1974 Feingold recommended a diet as the global treatment for hyperactivity. By 1994 dietary treatment has developed into a process better named Dietary investigation and management of food intolerance in children. Families begin management with a screening diet to investigate whether food intolerance is present; conduct challenges, and if there is a diet effect, use single food challenges to progress to an Individual food intolerance diet. The various diets and instructions for single food challenges are provided. Clinical research is a useful way of investigating the many factors involved in this complex area of study. The observations presented have provided a position which allows a broader understanding of the issues occurring in the clinical situation. Guidelines for further research are presented.

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3

Netjes, Robert Bryan. "Relationships between weight, HOMA IR, leptin, adiponectin and interleukin-6, before and after a calorie restricted diet intervention, and in a 6-8 month post diet period, in overweight and obese individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/R_Netjes_120308.pdf.

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Thesis (M.Nurs.)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Mar. 4, 2009). "Intercollegiate College of Nursing." Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-87).

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4

Staples, Heidi. "The effect of lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy on concurrent diet and exercise behaviors /". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31543.

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The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II (NCEP ATP II) unequivocally advocates an initial trial of dietary modification in both primary and secondary prevention prior to the institution of pharmacotherapy. Perhaps the rationale for this delay rests in the inherent, yet unsubstantiated, fear among clinicians that lifestyle change will be compromised in the presence of concurrent pharmacotherapy. However, the question of adherence to diet and exercise interventions following the initiation of lipid-lowering drug therapy has seemingly never been addressed scientifically.
It was therefore hypothesized that pharmacologically-treated patients with untreated hypercholesterolemia started on a program of lifestyle modification would achieve relatively less reduction in dietary fat intake and body weight, and participate less often in physical activity, if a pharmacologic agent was simultaneously prescribed. This was tested by a protocol in which these and related variables were assessed in participants who thought they were taking a lipid-lowering medication at diagnosis, compared to conventional initial treatment of diet and exercise alone. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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5

BASSANINI, GIULIA. "EFFECT OF DIET THERAPY ON GUT MICROBIOME IN RARE GENETIC DISEASES". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/828416.

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In the last decades, several studies have explored the human microbiota in different body niches, notably in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota has been recognized as an additional organ that co-evolves with humans and interacts with host physiology. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the host metabolism and the extraction of energy from food. Diet is the strongest factor shaping the gut microbiota: differences in macronutrient intake may select the growth of specific microbial taxa. Indeed, the diet provides different substrates such as undigested carbohydrates for fermentation, affecting the composition of the gut microbiota and, consequently, the production of microbial metabolites. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the major end products of anaerobic fermentation by gut microbes. Modifications in the proportions of the gut microbes and, consequently, the production of SCFAs have been suggested to play a role in several pathological conditions. If the diet is modifiable to stimulate the growth of beneficial microbes, it could represent a target for prevention and treatment of a possible dysbiosis. In congenital metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria (PKU) and glycogen storage disease (GSD), diet is considered the mainstay for the treatment of the pathology. PKU diet is based on the restriction of phenylalanine intake and the supplementation of essential amino acids and micronutrients. PKU diet is similar to a vegan alimentation since all the animal products are excluded. GSD dietary management provides the intake of slow-release carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycaemia and limits the assumption of simple sugars. In this research, we aimed to analyze the impact of dietary therapy on the composition of the gut microbiota and the production of SCFAs in two congenital metabolic disorders (PKU and GSD). PKU and GSD diseases showed an alteration of the gut microbiome. If diet represents the only treatment of the disease and is not modifiable, a personalized intervention to restore a healthy gut microbiome is to consider. Nowadays, the attention is focused on the supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics.

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6

Sheikh, Mona Hanif, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology y School of Food Sciences. "Diet and self-care in Pakistani diabetic patients". THESIS_FST_SFS_Sheikh_M.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/91.

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Two hundred non-insulin dependent diabetic patients, predominantly from three health facilities in Lahore, Pakistan were assessed for metabolic control, weight status, diabetes knowledge, and six areas of diabetes self-care activities as well as dietary intake. A questionnaire was administered in an interview format followed by a 24-hour recall of dietary intake. Glycosylated haemoglobin status were determined on ninety subjects. The care levels appear to be inadequate for satisfactory diabetes control. Only 5 subjects had HbA1c levels within the normal range, while 21 showed extremely high levels. Complications and associated medical conditions were present in more than half of the sample. Diabetes knowledge averaged 4 correct responses out of a total of 11. Considerable variation was noted in the reported care regimens including the dietary regimen. Analysis revealed a number of areas of concern including high fat intake and a low intake of leafy vegetables, pulses and fruit which along with nutrient analysis results suggests a low fibre intake. The data points towards the need for improved diabetes education at all levels and identifies several areas of concern to be address
Master of Science (Hons)

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7

Inyang, Cornelia E. "Patients' Perceptions of Diet-Only Therapy in the Prevention of Diabetes Complications". Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13807269.

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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Type 2 diabetes is linked to many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney failure. African American adults have a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes with early onset of diabetes complications. Poor dietary behavior is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes and its complications, changing dietary behaviors can prevent the onset of diabetes complications or impede existing ones. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore patients’ perceptions of diet-only therapy in the prevention of diabetes complications. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with six African American adults with Type 2 diabetes between 40 to 64 years using purposeful sampling method. Health belief model formed the conceptual framework of the study. I applied inductive coding process and manually analyze data for themes. Participants expressed fear of diabetes complications, acknowledged effectiveness of dietary therapy, physician communication and strong family support in Type 2 diabetes management. Findings can produce positive social change among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients can be motivated to change their dietary behaviors to prevent disability and death from diabetes complications. Adherence to diet can reduce medical costs associated with Type 2 diabetes and its complications at the individual, family, community, and government levels. Health care providers can apply the findings in their interactions with patients to provide a more patient-centered education that integrates patients’ cultural and dietary preferences to facilitate adoption of dietary interventions and long-term adherence.

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8

Inyang, Cornelia Emmanuel. "Patients' Perceptions of Diet-Only Therapy in the Prevention of Diabetes Complications". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6588.

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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Type 2 diabetes is linked to many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney failure. African American adults have a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes with early onset of diabetes complications. Poor dietary behavior is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes and its complications, changing dietary behaviors can prevent the onset of diabetes complications or impede existing ones. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore patients' perceptions of diet-only therapy in the prevention of diabetes complications. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with six African American adults with Type 2 diabetes between 40 to 64 years using purposeful sampling method. Health belief model formed the conceptual framework of the study. I applied inductive coding process and manually analyze data for themes. Participants expressed fear of diabetes complications, acknowledged effectiveness of dietary therapy, physician communication and strong family support in Type 2 diabetes management. Findings can produce positive social change among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients can be motivated to change their dietary behaviors to prevent disability and death from diabetes complications. Adherence to diet can reduce medical costs associated with Type 2 diabetes and its complications at the individual, family, community, and government levels. Health care providers can apply the findings in their interactions with patients to provide a more patient-centered education that integrates patients' cultural and dietary preferences to facilitate adoption of dietary interventions and long-term adherence.

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9

Bourdon, Janette Lynne. "Consumer health applications effect on diet and exercise behaviours inpeople with diabetes mellitus, type 2". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48422101.

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Background: Despite growing utilization of mobile phones and websites for consumers seeking health care advice, the area is largely understudied. A niche market for these applications is in diabetes care. Since diabetes is a chronic condition requiring daily monitoring it is a good candidate for consumer health informatics and especially interactive websites and mobile phone applications. As the obesity epidemic continues, so too the prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise. This chronic condition can lead to major complications and high medical cost. It is on the rise in countries all over the world, and beginning to impact people at younger ages. Low cost interventions are being explored to mitigate these complications and cost. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of consumer health informatics, such as websites, personal digital assistants, and mobile phone applications that claim to help people with diabetes self-monitor diet and exercise behaviours to lose weight. Methods: A search for relevant literature was conducted using PUBMED, Cochrane, and IEEE Xplore, with the search terms: (mhealth OR mobile health OR phone OR web* OR ehealth OR internet OR ICT) AND diabetes AND (diet* OR exercise OR physical activity). Also, a bibliographic search was done to identify any studies that were missed in the initial search. The search was not limited to any date range, but articles were identified from the time period of September 2000 through April 2012. Only articles in English were included. Studies were included if the program included an interactive logging feature for diet and/or physical activity. Studies that looked at type 1 disbetes were excluded. Results: A total of 10 original studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. Including 2 qualitative design, 1 randomized trial, and 7 randomized control trials. There was a great deal of heterogeneity among the studies. Delivery methods varies, studies including the following are: *  Mobile device only: 3 *  Website only: 6 *  Website plus mobile device: 1 Many different outcome measures were used across the studies including: behavioural, physiological, psychosocial, as well as usability and satisfaction. Overall, adherence and follow up were low. Dietary tracking generally appears not to be as effective as broad goals such as, “each more fruits and vegetables”. Exercise tracking was more effective at increasing physical activity. Message boards and peer support did not show an increase in effectiveness, but personal online coaches and personalized emails showed promising results. Usability and satisfaction was high in those that reported it, but the large number of dropouts are not considered in this. Conclusions: At this time, consumer health informatics does not seem to be an effective solution in facilitating significant behavior change for people who have type 2 diabetes. Future programs should look at ways to increase adherence and usage of the programs because the people who did use the programs daily benefited more than sporadic users. Components that showed promising results are access to a personal online coach, personalized weekly emails, integration with a pedometer that automatically uploads to a tracking program, and broader food related goals. Further testing is necessary to determine if this type of intervention is effective.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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10

D'Agostino, Santina. "Speech Language Pathologists' use of Standardized Diet Levels in the Treatment of Dysphagia". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1624119371249658.

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11

Comrie, Fiona S. "An evaluation of the effectiveness of tailored dietary feedback from a novel online dietary assessment method for changing the eating habits of undergraduate students". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25224.

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12

Rule, David. "Implementation Strategies for the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI)". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1562842405344779.

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13

Meidenbauer, Joshua. "Much Ado About Eating: Dietary Therapy for Health and Disease Management". Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104040.

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Thesis advisor: Thomas N. Seyfried
Dietary therapy has been used since ancient times to treat the symptoms of disease and disorder. Dietary therapy has long captured the interest of the public in modern times, dating back to the mid-nineteenth century with Englishman William Banting's "Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public", which addressed Banting's anecdotal use of a high-fat diet to treat obesity. High-fat diets became popular in the United States in the early twentieth-century to treat epilepsy. The utility of dietary therapy to treat diseases and disorder has not been embraced widely, as there is a paucity of standardized clinical trials that demonstrate robust safety and therapeutic efficacy for specific diseases and disorders. Additionally, preclinical studies of dietary therapy do not adhere to standardized guidelines, which can hinder cross-study interpretation and reproducibility. To that end, my dissertation updates diet implementation guidelines for preclinical studies that adhere to standardized experimental design and biomarker monitoring in mouse models in order to maximize therapeutic efficacy, diet regimen safety, and cross-study interpretability. With these guidelines, I explored the effect of various diets on circulating glucose and ketone bodies in mice, a measure of glycolytic flux, along with biomarkers of health. I found that calorie-restricted diets, regardless of macronutrient composition, lowers circulating glucose and increases circulating ketone levels, along with improving biomarkers of health, including lowering circulating triglyceride levels. In demonstrating the utility of dietary therapy to treat disease, I also explored the mechanisms on how dietary therapy can be used to treat epilepsy in a preclinical mouse model. I showed that reduced glucose utilization underlies the seizure-protective effects of dietary therapy in EL mice, a mouse model of idiopathic epilepsy. Lastly, I developed a novel tool, the Glucose Ketone Index Calculator, to track the progress of dietary therapy in brain cancer patients through a ratio of circulating glucose to circulating ketone bodies. Evidence is presented that demonstrates a low ratio of glucose to ketone bodies is associated with improved prognosis of brain cancer management in humans and mice. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates the utility of dietary therapy in treating disease using standardized guidelines, and suggests the use of a novel tool to apply and track the progress of dietary therapy in the clinical brain cancer population
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology

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14

Holliday, Mitchel. "The effects of the consumption of high-fiber bread on an overweight population". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006hollidaym.pdf.

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15

Seiner, Derrick R. Gates Kent S. "Inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases by endogenous and dietary agents". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6135.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 16, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Kent S. Gates. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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16

Sheikh, Mona Hanif. "Diet and self-care in Pakistani diabetic patients". Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/91.

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Two hundred non-insulin dependent diabetic patients, predominantly from three health facilities in Lahore, Pakistan were assessed for metabolic control, weight status, diabetes knowledge, and six areas of diabetes self-care activities as well as dietary intake. A questionnaire was administered in an interview format followed by a 24-hour recall of dietary intake. Glycosylated haemoglobin status were determined on ninety subjects. The care levels appear to be inadequate for satisfactory diabetes control. Only 5 subjects had HbA1c levels within the normal range, while 21 showed extremely high levels. Complications and associated medical conditions were present in more than half of the sample. Diabetes knowledge averaged 4 correct responses out of a total of 11. Considerable variation was noted in the reported care regimens including the dietary regimen. Analysis revealed a number of areas of concern including high fat intake and a low intake of leafy vegetables, pulses and fruit which along with nutrient analysis results suggests a low fibre intake. The data points towards the need for improved diabetes education at all levels and identifies several areas of concern to be address

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17

Valdivia-Caramantín, Wendy y Edward Mezones-Holguín. "Síndrome metabólico en pacientes con infección por VIH: ¿oportunidad para la suplementación nutricional?" Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624730.

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18

Athar, Nelofar. "Development of indigenous enteral formulae". Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/609.

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A procedure for preparing an enteral formula was developed, using Pakistani indigenous food items. The basis of development was that it would be nutritionally effective, easy to prepare and relatively cheap. 100 indigenous enteral diets were formulated using a computer aided master sheet in which various combinations were analysed. In order to prove the efficacy of these diets, a modified PER was carried out on 6 diets and results indicated a higher PER for the experimental diet. 29 formulations were shortlisted for preparation trials, and 2 main techniques were applied: incubation and cooking techniques. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out to assess the effect of preparation, the cooking methodologies were tried on various diets and 2 diets were shortlisted for human trials. To compare the efficacy of the indigenous enteral formula versus commercial formulae, a pilot study was carried out. Patient nutritional outcomes were assessed using biochemical parameters, and preliminary findings indicated that the experimental diet performed as well as the control diet.

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Athar, Nelofar, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University y Faculty of Science and Technology. "Development of indigenous enteral formulae". THESIS_FST_XXX_Athar_N.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/609.

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A procedure for preparing an enteral formula was developed, using Pakistani indigenous food items. The basis of development was that it would be nutritionally effective, easy to prepare and relatively cheap. 100 indigenous enteral diets were formulated using a computer aided master sheet in which various combinations were analysed. In order to prove the efficacy of these diets, a modified PER was carried out on 6 diets and results indicated a higher PER for the experimental diet. 29 formulations were shortlisted for preparation trials, and 2 main techniques were applied: incubation and cooking techniques. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out to assess the effect of preparation, the cooking methodologies were tried on various diets and 2 diets were shortlisted for human trials. To compare the efficacy of the indigenous enteral formula versus commercial formulae, a pilot study was carried out. Patient nutritional outcomes were assessed using biochemical parameters, and preliminary findings indicated that the experimental diet performed as well as the control diet.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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20

Casadesus, Gemma. "Modulation of cognition by dietary blueberry supplementation : role of hippocampal neurogenesis and associated molecular mechanisms /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2003.
Adviser: Robin B. Kanarek. Submitted to the Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-106). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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21

Zhang, Xuguang. "Blood cell-derived microparticles as a potential index of inflammatory processes, and their modulation by components of the diet". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203794.

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22

Athar, Nelofar. "Development of indigenous enteral formulae /". View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030521.092507/index.html.

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23

Ross, Dianne S. "Development of biscuits with reduced levels of sugar and fat /". View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030811.132937/index.html.

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Thesis (M. Sc. (Hons))--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1996.
Thesis "submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science." Title page incorrectly cites "Faculty of Food Science and Technology."

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24

Lee, Dexter L. "Effects of endothelin-1 on coronary smooth muscle after chronic diabetes, atherogenic diet, and therapy". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974651.

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25

DI, TANO MAIRA. "FASTING-MIMICKING DIET-BASED NON-TOXIC COMBINATION THERAPY IN CANCER TREATMENT: FROM MOLECULES TO BEDSIDE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/609110.

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Fasting and fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) was shown to delay tumor progression and sensitize a wide range of tumor types to the toxic effect of chemotherapy, through a mechanism which can involve the lowering of IGF-1 and glucose levels. Here, I evaluate FMD-based non-toxic interventions for the treatment of KRAS mutant cancer, focusing on colorectal cancer (CRC). KRAS activating mutations are predictors of poor prognosis and resistance to standard and targeted anti-cancer treatments, making the patient’s survival rate very poor. Recently, a pharmacological dose of vitamin C has been proposed to be effective in the treatment of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer (CRC), however its mechanism of action remains controversial and its efficacy limited. A growing body of evidence indicates that the increased ROS levels and disruption of iron metabolism characterizing tumor cells, are responsible for vitamin C-mediated toxicity. Free labile iron, by reacting with hydrogen peroxide generated through vitamin C oxidation, leads to the formation of hydroxyl radical (Fenton reaction), which causes oxidative damages and cell death. In my thesis, I show that vitamin C alone has a relatively mild toxic effect against CRC and I discovered that this is caused in part by the up-regulation of the stress-inducible protein heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). FMD can cause a major enhancement in vitamin C toxicity in KRAS mutant CRC both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism underlying this effect involves, at least in part, the FMD-dependent downregulation of HO-1. I show that FMD, by reverting the HO-1 induction mediated by vitamin C, is able to reduce ferritin level, leading to an increase in free ferrous ions (Fe2+). The increase of Fe2+, together with a dramatic enhancement of ROS generation, leads to DNA damage and cell death, probably through Fenton reaction. Collectively, my findings show that FMD represents a safe therapeutic intervention, able to potentiate vitamin C anti-cancer effect. In addition, I provide evidence indicating that FMD and vitamin C combo therapy enhances oxaliplatin efficacy in KRAS-driven CRC mouse models, thus representing a promising therapeutic option, which can be hopefully translated into the clinic.

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Ranga, Leocardia. "The association between dietary fat knowledge and consumption of foods rich in fat among first-year students in self-catering residence at a university of technology, Cape Town, South Africa". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2473.

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Thesis (MTech (Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Objective: To determine the association between the dietary fat knowledge and consumption of foods rich in fat among first-year students in self-catering residence at a university of technology, Cape Town, South Africa. Design: The two concepts – the dietary fat knowledge (represented by dietary fat food knowledge and dietary fat nutrition knowledge) and the consumption of foods rich in fat – were assessed separately. Two norm-referenced, valid and reliable knowledge tests and an intake screening questionnaire were used for the assessments (as subsidiary objectives), before the associations between the concepts were determined (main objective). The dietary fat food and nutrition knowledge as assessed was categorised in the range poor or below average, average and good or above average, and the consumption of foods rich in fat as high, quite high, the typical Western diet, approaching low or desirable. The Pearson‟s chi-square test was applied to these categorical findings to determine if associations (five percent significance) existed between the concepts. Results: The stratified sample included 225 first-year students. Nearly half (48.4%) of them achieved an average fat food knowledge score, while the majority (80.9%) achieved a poor fat nutrition knowledge score. More than half (52.5%) either followed a typical Western diet, a diet quite high in fat or high in fat. While no significant (p > 0.05) association was found between the students‟ dietary fat food knowledge and consumption of foods rich in fat, significant results were found in the association between the students‟ dietary fat nutrition knowledge and consumption of foods rich in fat (p < 0.05) and between their fat food knowledge and fat nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001). Conclusions: An inverse association was found between the students‟ dietary fat nutrition knowledge and fat consumption, a positive association between their dietary fat food knowledge and dietary fat nutrition knowledge, and no association between their dietary fat food knowledge and fat consumption.

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Collins, Melissa. "Effects of plant sterols and exercise training on apolipoprotein A and B, adiponectin, growth hormone and ghrelin in hypercholesterolemic sedentary adults". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99331.

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Plant sterols (PS) lower total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and inflammatory markers, and decrease risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and decreases triglycerides (TG) and inflammation, also reducing the risk of CVD. The study objective was to investigate the combined effects of PS and exercise on apolipoproteins (apo) A and B, adiponectin, growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin, in context of previously obtained lipid data. In an 8-wk, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial, 84 subjects were randomly assigned to: (1) combination of PS and exercise, (2) exercise, (3) PS, or (4) control group. PS increased (P=0.04) adiponectin values by 15%. ApoA was associated with HDL and apoB with LDL values at baseline. ApoA %change was correlated to HDL %change in the exercise group. ApoB, GH and ghrelin were unchanged. The capability of PS to increase adiponectin values reinforce their role in preventing inflammation, atherosclerosis, and CVD.

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Rudrich, Horst R. "The reduction of the diabetic syndrome in the C57Bl/KsJ (db/db) diabetic mouse by diet-restriction and exercise". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/425.

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Donckers-Roseveare, Kathryn. "Periodic feedback to reduce cholesterol levels". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41912.

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30

Gripeteg, Lena. "Weight loss studies in obese patients aspects of very-low-energy diet treatment and effects of obesity surgery on disability pension /". Göteborg : Dept. of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21690.

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Bruno, Maria Lucia Mendes. ""Três formas de intervenção para a adesão ao tratamento dietético da obesidade em cardiologia: estudo comparativo"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-16102006-145427/.

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Trata-se de pesquisa realizada em hospital da rede pública estadual de São Paulo, especializado em cardiologia com pacientes obesos em acompanhamento ambulatorial pelo Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética (SND) dessa instituição. As formas de intervenção nutricional investigadas foram: atendimento individual, em grupo (controle) e grupo multiprofissional (com nutricionista e psicóloga). Na fase preliminar do estudo, realizou-se pesquisa de opinião que possibilitou o embasamento das variáveis analisadas. Na fase principal, os participantes foram divididos em grupos, sendo realizadas duas entrevistas individuais no intervalo de seis meses. Foram investigados apenas os pacientes de alta. Compararam-se os resultados obtidos quanto ao peso corporal, índice de massa corpórea, circunferência do abdome; o acompanhamento dos fatores de risco cardiovascular (hipertensão arterial, diabetes melito, dislipidemias) foi feito através da variação das medidas de pressão arterial e níveis sanguíneos de glicose, triglicérides, colesterol total e frações. Analisaram-se as opiniões sobre as facilidades e dificuldades para seguir as orientações recebidas por meio de instrumento próprio, não validado. No atendimento em grupo, foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios, porém não ideais, e verificou-se que os participantes passaram a valorizar o apoio familiar. No atendimento individual, os participantes conseguiram maior redução da glicemia e triglicérides, porém isso não pode ser atribuído exclusivamente à dieta. No atendimento em grupo multiprofissional, houve mudança de comportamento com valorização desse tipo de atendimento.
The study was performed in a cardiology specialty hospital of Sao Paulo state public system with obese outpatients followed up by the Sector of Nutrition and Dietetics of the institution. Nutritional intervention actions that were assessed include: individual visit, group approach (control) and multiprofessional group (including dietitian and psychologist). In the preliminary phase of the study, an opinion survey was performed, which supported many of the studied variables. In the main phase of the study, the participants were divided into groups, and 2 individual interviews were conducted within a 6-month interval. Only patients who had been discharged were assessed. The results concerning body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, and follow up of cardiovascular risks (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia) were compared using variation of blood pressure measures and blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and total and fractioned cholesterol. We also checked whether patients found it easy or difficult to follow the received instructions, using our own non-validated instrument. In the group activities, results were satisfactory but not optimal and participants started to value family support. In the individual approach, participants reached higher reduction of glucose and triglyceride levels, but they could not be explained exclusively by the diet. In the multiprofessional group, there was change in behavior and recognition of multiprofessional approach.

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32

Caspero, Alexandra M. "Usual dietary intake among chronic fatigue syndrome patients". Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/729.

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The relationship between dietary intake and the pathology of CFS has been an area of intense speculation without strong research support. There may be important links between diet and symptoms such that dietary interventions may be efficacious as adjunct therapy. This study was designed to assess any dietary abnormalities among Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients. The purpose of this study is to make a controlled assessment of usual dietary intake so that dietary recommendations for CFS patients can be made. A Diet History Questionnaire, provided by the National Institute of Health, was used to analyze usual dietary intake among CFS patients. Women, ages I 8 and older, diagnosed by a physician with CFS, and were asked to complete the online survey. To complete the questionnaire, participants were provided with a user name and password and asked to answer a number of questions about their dietary habit. Twenty (n=20) women with CFS completed the questionnaire. The results were compiled and analyzed using Diet-Calc software and compared with nonnative data. Several nutrients were found to be deficient in more than 75% of the CFS patients.

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Harris, Elizabeth Dorothy. "Assessment of factors which influence compliance to diet revision therapy for food allergy in a pediatric population". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26834.

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Failure to comply with prescribed regimens is a major reason for the failure of treatment programs. This study investigated factors which are related to compliance with prescribed diet revision therapy for food allergies in school-aged children. Forty-five children, aged 6 to 12 years, who were under a physician's care for food allergies, formed the sample. The Health Belief Model was used as the basis for a questionnaire devised to measure these factors. The development of the Diet Revision Therapy Parent Questionnaire involved a pilot test and revisions; the resulting instrument consists of 38 items organized into 4 subtests, of which one 7-item subtest is to be considered optional. The 38-item DRTPQ has a full scale internal consistency reliability of .87, and a composite reliability of .61 for the four subscales. The canonical correlation between 3 types of subjective ratings of compliance and the 4 subtests is .80, with 64% shared variance between these sets of variables. A discriminant function of 3 subtests of the DRTPQ proved capable of discriminating diet therapy dropouts from continuing subjects with 88.9% accuracy. These three subtests measured: 1. Parent and family life factors, such as the amount of perceived interference in normal routines, 2. Child's attitudes to the treatment and his/her normal behavior with respect to cooperation with parental demands, and 3. Belief in the benefits to be derived from the treatment. A fourth category of items measured perceived severity of the condition and perceived susceptibility to illness but proved not to predict compliance in this sample, although it may be useful in clinical practice. Suggestions for interventions to aid compliance are outlined.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate

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34

Neubauer, Tamara E. "Cholesterol reduction in men : an experimental investigation of intensive treatment with frequent feedback versus a simple educational treatment /". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040807/.

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35

Gardener, Samantha. "Impact of nutrition on cognition and its association with blood and brain Alzheimer disease related biomarkers". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1416.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of senile dementia, currently affects over 35 million people worldwide. While there is no cure or effective treatment, early intervention programs hold considerable promise. Following particular dietary patterns represents one potential intervention strategy accessible to all. Results from previous studies investigating the association of diet, cognition and biomarkers of AD are inconsistent: Positive results have been reported (1-7), whilst others have shown no associations. Prior to this thesis, no study has assessed the relationship of four dietary patterns to cognition, blood-based and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD in a large highly-characterised ageing cohort. Participants drawn from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle study of ageing, provided a fasting blood sample, underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging at baseline, 18 and 36 month follow-up assessments, and completed a Cancer Council of Victoria food frequency questionnaire (used to construct dietary patterns) at baseline. Chapter 3 explored the relationship between dietary pattern adherence and cognition. AD participants demonstrated reduced adherence to the ‘healthy’ Mediterranean (MeDi) and prudent diets, and higher adherence to the ‘unhealthy’ western diet and the inflammatory dietary index compared to cognitively healthy controls (HC). Longitudinal analysis conducted on individuals classified as HC at baseline proposes the importance of adhering to a ‘healthy’ dietary pattern such as the MeDi, with respect to reducing risk for cognitive decline: Executive function and visuospatial functioning appeared most susceptible to the influence of diet. Chapter 4 investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the observed effects of dietary patterns on cognition. A lack of significant associations between the MeDi and western diet patterns and biomarker indexes of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk, suggests that modulation of these factors may not underlie the effects of diet on cognition reported in Chapter 3. Consistent with published literature, we found our western dietary pattern to be positively associated with levels of blood-based biomarkers of inflammation and the reverse to be true of our MeDi and prudent diet patterns. Our inflammatory dietary index was also strongly positively correlated with levels of numerous inflammatory biomarkers. The strong associations observed suggest that interplay between diet and elevated chronic inflammation may contribute to the effects of diet on cognition described in this thesis. Chapter 5 assessed the ‘reliability’ (similarity of 12 month dietary intake recalled on different occasions) and ‘validity’ (intake agreement between FFQ and a four-day weighed food record) of the online CSIROFFQ following addition of questions regarding foods of interest in AD research. Our results suggest that the modified CSIROFFQ is ‘reliable’ and a ‘relatively valid’ tool which provides acceptable assessment of long-term dietary intake in Australian older adults, particularly in the context of AD research. To our knowledge, this is the first study extensively comparing MeDi, inflammatory dietary index, western and prudent diet patterns to cognition and biomarkers of AD in an elderly, well-characterised cohort. Our results combined with published data, suggest diet has a role to play in AD prevention; however, it is clear that the complex link requires further characterisation.

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Strom, Meghan Brianna. "Dietary Associations with Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Risk in Women on Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612868.

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Dietary components potentially influence breast cancer risk factors, including breast density (BD) and estrogen metabolism (EM). Tamoxifen (TAM) is a commonly prescribed anti-estrogen adjuvant cancer treatment to reduce breast cancer risk, partially through modulation of BD and EM. Epidemiological evidence has suggested a potential protective effect from dietary intakes of fiber and vegetables in breast cancer recurrence in women on TAM as well as an independent influence on BD and EM. The relationship between dietary intake BD and EM in women prescribed TAM is not fully understood. A cross-sectional analysis using baseline data collected from 130 pre- and post-menopausal women taking TAM and enrolled in the Diindolylmethane Efficacy (DIME) Study was conducted. Participants completed the Arizona Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess dietary intake. TAM metabolites were analyzed through HPLC. BD was measured from digital mammograms and urinary EM was analyzed using LC/MS. Unadjusted linear regression between diet and four TAM metabolites indicated significant association between endoxifen and caffeine. 4-hydroxyTAM had significant inverse associations with fat intake, including monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fats. Linear regression adjusted for BMI revealed a statistically significant positive association with caffeine intake and BD, with no other dietary associations observed. The highest amount of correlations was observed between 2OHE and energy, total fat, MUFA, PUFA, protein and carbohydrate intake, though weak. Correlations were seen between 4OHE, 16αOHE and total isoflavones. Cholesterol was weakly positively correlated with 2mOHE, E1 and approached significance with E2. Dietary intake shows little association with BD or EM in women taking TAM therapy. Alternate preventive mechanisms for diet in women on TAM therapy should be investigated.

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37

Magrane, Elijah James. "The Effects of Blueberry Consumption on Satiety and Glycemic Control". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MagraneEJ2009.pdf.

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38

Eno, Megan. "The effect of the supplementation of cranberry seed oil on the lipid profiles of human subjects". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007enom.pdf.

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39

Germain, Isabelle. "The evaluation of the nutritional outcomes of advanced nutritional care for the treatment of dysphagia in the elderly /". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30819.

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Undernutrition and dysphagia in the institutionalized elderly are well documented in the literature. However, the clinical efficacy of diets to treat dysphagia have not been established. To offer a better understanding of the textural characteristics of the new Sainte-Anne's Hospital (SAH) modified texture reformed foods, rheological evaluations were performed. Apparent viscosity, consistency coefficient, flow behavior index and yield stress values were calculated for the thickened beverages. Texture profile analyses were performed on the reformed foods. Secondly, to evaluate the impact of SAH's reformed foods on nutritional intake and weight, a 12-week clinical trial was undertaken. Dysphagic frail elderly subjects (n = 17) of a long-term care facility of Montreal were randomly assigned to receive SAH reformed foods or traditional care. The experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in nutritional intake resulting in significant weight gain. These findings suggest that dysphagic frail elderly could reach healthy weight when adequately fed.

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40

Poirier, Denise Marie. "Nutrient absorption from liquid therapeutic diets in an animal model". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61694.

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41

Graeter, Christine J. "Longitudinal Study of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Subjects in the American Clinical Trial of Enzyme Potentiated Desensitization". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1329494113.

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42

Pereira, Sara Isabel Gomes. "Dieta cetogénica e epilepsia refratária em crianças e adolescentes". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7567.

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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a eficácia da dieta cetogénica em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia refratária. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura recorrendo à base de dados Pubmed®. Apenas foram selecionadas publicações referentes aos últimos 5 anos no idioma inglês, espanhol ou português e que incluíam estudos apenas realizados em humanos, nomeadamente crianças desde o nascimento até aos 18 anos. Foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chave: “epilepsy AND diet”, “epilepsy AND dietary therapy”, “epilepsy AND ketogenic diet”, “epilepsy AND nutrition" e por último “epilepsy AND nutrition care”. Resultados: A Dieta Cetogénica é uma terapia não farmacológica usada no tratamento da epilepsia, no entanto esta não é considerada a primeira abordagem terapêutica. Existem diferentes variantes da Dieta Cetogénica, que combinam os três macronutrientes de diferentes formas. As dietas menos restritivas em hidratos de carbono e com menor percentagem de gordura são melhores toleradas, mas todas são eficazes. Tem sido descrito que a Dieta Cetogénica pode ter uma redução na frequência de crises > 50%, >90% ou mesmo 100%, considerando assim que o doente está livre de crises. A administração da Dieta Cetogénica quando corretamente aplicada, pode ainda levar a redução ou até mesmo à descontinuação dos fármacos antiepiléticos. Conclusão: A DC é um tratamento a ter em conta como terapia adjuvante para a epilepsia. Este tratamento é eficaz e seguro, no entanto possui alguns efeitos secundários. Quanto à tolerabilidade da dieta, existem variantes da DC que são mais bem aceites do que outras.
Objective: Make a review of the literature about efficacy of ketogenic diet in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy. Methodology: Was performed an literature review using the Pubmed database, only only publications referring to the last 5 years in the English, Spanish or Portuguese language were included and included studies only performed in humans, namely children from birth to 18 years of age. The following keywords were used: "epilepsy AND diet", "epilepsy AND dietary therapy", "epilepsy AND ketogenic diet", "epilepsy AND nutrition" and lastly "epilepsy AND nutrition care". Results: The Ketogenic Diet is a non-pharmacological therapy used in the treatment for epilepsy, however it is not considered a first therapeutic approach. There are different versions of the Ketogenic Diet, which combine the three macronutrients of different ways. The less restrictive carbohydrates and lower fat percentage diets are better tolerated, but all are efficient. It has been described as a Ketogenic Diet may have a reduction in the frequency of seizures > 50%, > 90% or even 100%, considering the patient seizure freedom. Administration of Ketogenic Diet when properly applied may further lead to a reduction or even discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs. Conclusions: Ketogenic Diet is a treatment to be considered as adjunctive therapy for epilepsy. This treatment is effective and safe, however, some side effects. As for the tolerability of the diet, there are Ketogenic Diet variants that are better accepted than others.
N/A

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43

Gehrman, Christine Amerika. "Effects of a physical activity and nutrition intervention on body image in pre-adolescents /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3083465.

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Kudlas, Jane Michele. "Low-fat diet vs. education support in the treatment of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39719.

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A treatment outcome study was conducted comparing a low-fat diet intervention with an education-support group and a waiting-list control group in the treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) or Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder (LLPDD). Subjects met provisional diagnostic criteria for LLPDD and symptoms were monitored prospectively. A low-fat diet was hypothesized too be an effective intervention for reducing the severity of both physical and emotional symptoms in women suffering from LLPDD. This was based on the theory relating raised estrogen levels to premenstrual distress, and research suggesting low-fat diets reduce estrogen levels. The hypothesis that a low-fat diet would decrease premenstrual suffering was not supported by the results of this study. However, there appeared to be an advantage to participating in a group which provided support and information on LLPDD compared to receiving no treatment. Implications for future research, treatment recommendations, and methodological issues are discussed.
Ph. D.

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45

Pax, Larson Ann. "An Evaluation of Characteristics of Baby Food in Correlation to an International Diet Standardization Protocol". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556023554595383.

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46

Miller, Elizabeth C. "Studies of nutritional support for prostate cancer prevention and therapy". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124140836.

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47

Alley, Lindsey Marie. "Exploring Dietary Sacrifice in Intimate Relationships for Couples with Celiac Disease". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2255.

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Prior research on eating behaviors has shown that romantic partners actively merge their dietary preferences throughout the course of a relationship and find significant value in cooking and eating the same foods together at the same times. Yet, little is known regarding the impacts of specific dietary support processes involved in maintaining said communal diet when one partner drastically alters his or her eating patterns. The current study defined dietary sacrifice as a phenomenon within the context of Celiac Disease (CD): a chronic illness that requires strict adherence to the gluten-free diet (GFD). Drawing from existing research on sacrifice within romantic relationships (e.g., Impett & Gordon, 2008), this project examined whether non-Celiac partners' adherence to the GFD during shared mealtimes impacted relationship satisfaction for both couple members. Female Celiacs and their non-Celiac cohabitating partners (N=152 couples) were recruited for an online survey through various support organizations. Given the dyadic design of this study, the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM; Ledermann, Macho, & Kenny, 2011) was used to examine the mediating influence of Dietary Approach and Avoidance Motives. Results indicated that partner support in the form of shared GFD adherence bolstered couple happiness to the extent that it was performed for positive gains (e.g., promoting health and well-being) by the non-Celiac. While dietary sacrifice was positively associated with Celiacs' relationship satisfaction above and beyond non-Celiacs' endorsement of Dietary Avoidance Motives, both dyad members experienced significantly lower relationship satisfaction when non-Celiac partners adhered to the diet to deflect negative outcomes (e.g., rejection, fighting). This study serves as the first application of relationship sacrifice research to a specific health issue, and the first psychological exploration into intimate partners' dietary support processes within the Celiac population.

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48

Klopper, Tanya. "Safety and efficacy of n-3 enriched nutritional supplements in the management of cancer cachexia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1554.

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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Background At least 40 - 80% of all cancer patients develop some degree of clinical malnutrition and cachexia. The complex and multi-factorial nature of cancer cachexia and the inability of conventional nutrition intervention to reverse or attenuate the effects of this syndrome have driven investigators to consider new therapies and approaches to manage the syndrome of cancer cachexia including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n-3 fatty acid of fish oil origin. Objectives The aim of this study was to review Phase I, Phase II and Phase III (RCT) trials investigating the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplementation in the treatment of cancer cachexia in adult patients with unresectable solid tumours, with special reference to weight loss, body composition, appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure, functional status, acute phase response and quality of life. Adverse effects associated with EPA supplementation were also reviewed. Methodology and data collection The major databases were systematically searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria using a structured keyword search strategy or various combinations of these keywords. Relevancy of studies was assessed by two independent reviewers according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Jadad scale. Data extraction was performed by the principal reviewer and one of the independent reviewers, and investigators of the included studies were contacted where further information was required. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to heterogeneity of the data. However, where possible, the paired t-test was used for analysis of the data. Descriptive or non-quantitative analysis of the tabulated data provided a summary of the characteristics of the included studies enabling comparisons to be made between interventions and outcomes within the specified population. Results The search resulted in a total of 1408 citations, of which only 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, only 4 studies were of a good quality. Although the reported data was incomplete and variable, the combined analyses suggested that the effect of EPA supplementation on weight, fat mass, dietary intake, energy expenditure, and acute phase response was not significant. Interestingly there appeared to be a significant increase increased or decreased? in lean body mass (p<0.05). There was little or no data to draw any conclusions regarding the effect of supplementation on appetite and quality of life. Conclusion Despite several limitations in this review, the data collected and analysed are suggestive of the beneficial effects of EPA supplementation, but there remains a significant lack of substantial evidence and conclusive statistical analysis to confirm that EPA supplementation is a safe and effective method of intervention in the management of patients with cancer cachexia.

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49

Miyawaki, Takashi. "Clinical Implications of Leptin and Its Potential Humoral Regulators in Long-term Low Calorie Diet Therapy for Obese Humans". Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149696.

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50

Campbell, Leanne Sue. "The effects of two modes of exercise on obesity". University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0090.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of two different modes of exercise in an overweight and obese population over a 12-week period. Subjects: Forty-four overweight or obese individuals were recruited from a weight loss organisation. Participants were randomised into one of two groups which were matched according to age, gender and body mass index (BMI). The interventions consisted of either intermittent interval exercise (INT group), or intermittent steady-state exercise (SS group). Participants in both groups were on an identical strict caloric diet during the intervention period. Methods: Baseline and post-intervention testing consisted of the assessment of aerobic fitness, blood lipid profile, resting metabolism, body composition, vascular function, quality of life and activity levels. The exercise regime for the INT group consisted of a 1:2 min ratio of moderate intensity (70 75% V&O2peak) to low intensity exercise (40 45% V&O2peak), while the SS group exercised continuously between 50 55% V&O2peak. Total work per session was the same per group. Exercise consisted of walking/jogging twice daily for 15 mins five days per week. Eighteen participants dropped out of the study leaving 12 in the INT group and 14 in the SS group. Results: Peak oxygen uptake and exercise time to exhaustion increased significantly over time in the interventions (P < 0.001). Significant positive changes occurred in several blood tests, including liver function, insulin like growth factor (IGF- 1) and lipid levels (cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and coronary risk ratio, all P < 0.05 over time). Additionally, uric acid and VLDL levels significantly decreased over time in the SS and INT groups, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas IGF-1 levels significantly increased in the SS group over time (P < 0.05). Body composition measures, including BMI, body mass, fat mass, percent of body fat, gynoid obesity and hip circumference, as well as waist circumference decreased significantly over time (P < 0.05). Several components of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire (physical function, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function and mental health) improved significantly over time (P < 0.05), while mental health also significantly improved over time in the SS group (P < 0.01). Finally, anxiety and depression levels were significantly reduced over time (P < 0.05). However, none of these changes over time significantly differed between the two groups. Conclusion: Both exercise interventions resulted in significant improvement over time in numerous health and fitness variables in an overweight and obese population. No significant differences were found, in the interaction term during a 2-way ANOVA, between the two groups at post-intervention. A longer intervention period, or changes to interval duration and intensities may result in more significant differences between the two training methods.

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