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Jones, M. C. "Diatopic Variation and the Study of Regional French". French Studies 65, n.º 4 (20 de septiembre de 2011): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knr077.
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LUKINA, ANNA Y. "DIATOPIC AND DIACHRONIC VARIATION OF VERBAL FORMS (BY FRENCH MANUSCRIPTS OF THE XIII-XIV CENTURIES)". Cherepovets State University Bulletin 6, n.º 99 (2020): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2020-6-99-10.
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This article deals with a new diasystemic approach to studying the variation of verb forms in the history of the French language. The author describes two variations - diatopic and diachronic. The new diasystemic approach allows us to build a classification of the verb form variants taking into account the intra- and extralinguistic criteria: historical, geographical and stylistic. Horizontal and vertical studying of variation in verb forms (L. A. Stanova's method) helps to identify the main trends in the evolution of the French language, on the one hand, and the characteristic features inherent in one or another regional written tradition, script, on the other.
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Francard, Michel. "French from Here, is it French? The Construction of Normativity Judgements in Peripheral European Francophone Communities". Gragoatá 26, n.º 54 (19 de febrero de 2021): 26–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.v26i54.46505.
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This article deals with the diatopic variation of French in its relation to normative discourse, more specifically French as practised in Belgium, exemplified here by the fields of lexicon and syntax. It describes the purist discourse of the last century which is evolving towards a modification of the normative hierarchy, an emancipation from linguistic hegemony, both in the scientific world and in the representations of the speakers. It also leads to a valuable questioning of the identity of the actors responsible for the construction of normative judgements.
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Camugli Gallardo, Catherine. "Niveaux de langue et variations linguistiques dans la comparaison interlangue de tables du Lexique-Grammaire". Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 28, n.º 2 (28 de marzo de 2006): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.28.2.02cam.
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The purpose of this study is to solve translation problems between French and Italian as they appear on the tables of the Lexique-Grammaire. These difficulties are originated by differences in speech level ; others stem from the specific usages of the Italian language (caused by regional variation, or due to specific cultural references). After reexamining the criteria traditionally used by the community of the Lexique-Grammaire, the author proposes returning to the criterium of frequency which enables one to draw a distinction between panregionalims and less extensive diatopic data and to identify specific dialectal variations. This encoding is complementary to the three usual layers of electronic dictionaries.
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Sthioul, Bertrand. "Le(s) passé(s) surcomposé(s): temps, aspect, subjectivité". Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, n.º 45 (1 de diciembre de 2006): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2006.2727.
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The aim of this paper is to explore whether the French overcomposed past tense (passé surcomposé) has anything to do with the raise of subjective interpretations, that is, interpretations where it is necessary to represent the point of view of an allocentric subject. First, the main grammatical features of the overcomposed past in French are spelled out. Second, a discussion of the semantic literature is proposed, with an eye to diatopic variation, in particular to the usages of this form in French-speaking switzerland, where the overcomposed past is more common and endorses a wider set of semantic functions as well as a greater number of grammatical types than in standard French. It is then argued that, contrarily to what some have suggested in the literature, the overcomposed past in French cannot be analyzed as bearing subjective effects by itself.
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Giaufret, Anna. "'Corsican Speak' in Two French Bandes dessinées, or How to Manipulate Communication Rules". European Comic Art 4, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2011): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/eca.2011.3.
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The analysis of language in French comics has usually been carried out on questions such as variation (especially diastratic and diatopic), focusing on lexical and syntactical elements, but seldom has the question of communication rules been dealt with, despite the fact that these are paramount in the comical effects achieved by some bandes dessinées. We will therefore carry out our analysis by examining how it is possible to explain the achievement of such comical effects through the in-depth deconstruction of the functioning of communication rules, more precisely their apparent malfunctioning when two different communities of speakers are forced to interact: Corsicans and Pinzuti (the Corsican name for non-Corsicans).
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Stanovaïa, Lydia A. "FRANCIEN AS A STUMBLING BLOCK IN HISTORY OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE". Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, n.º 3 (2019): 164–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_3_164_199.
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Criticism of the concept of the formation of the French language on the basis of the francien dialect, presented in the works of XIX-XX centuries, has led to the fact that the term and the concept of «Francien» has become a kind of stumbling block in solving many questions of the formation and evolution of the French language. Analysis of the criticism of the traditional history of the French language, of the discussions about the formation of the French language and the role of the Francien dialect in this process, of the questions of the diatopic variation of the French and Old French showed the theoretical and methodological importance of consistently separating the language and writing, dialect and scriptа, text of the work and text of the manuscript. The analysis of the arguments given by the opponents of the Francien dialect and its special role in the history of the French language showed their failure. The selection of the Francien dialect and the Francien scripta as dialect and scripta of Ile-de-France is necessary for an adequate description of the linguistic situation in the Old and middle French periods.
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Mudrochová, Radka. "Some observations on the composition by blending in contemporary French from Petit Robert". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 73, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2022): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2022-0015.
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Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the composition by amalgam in current French by focusing on the one hand on the notion of amalgam in linguistics and on the other hand on the use and the frequency of use of the chosen amalgams in the diatopic variation of French. The notion of amalgam and / or of portmanteau word does not seem obvious and the explanations or definitions offered by dictionaries as well as by works on lexicology are not unanimous and differ from one another. Before presenting the results of a more detailed research, we therefore find it essential to frame the contribution in a theoretical context dealing with the notion of amalgam, or even of portmanteau word, which allows us to better understand the whole problem.
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Lukina, Anna E. "Diasystem variation in the evolution of the French language (on the material of the verb)". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, n.º 88 (2024): 76–91. https://doi.org/10.17223/19986645/88/4.
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This article offers a thorough analysis of the variability of verb forms in the history of the language. The types of diasystemic variability that are characteristic of the evolution of the French language are determined. The originality is determined by the fact that for the first time a diasystemic approach is used in the analysis of cases of variability of verb forms in the history of the French language with the definition and description of their functional significance in accordance with one or another type of diasystemic variability. The evolution of the verbal system of the French language is studied in the context of the concept of “diasystem”, the fundamental types of variability in the history of the French language are determined, which act as factors of changes in the system. The subject of the study is the types of diasystemic variability of verb forms and the definition of their role in the evolution of the French verbal system. A classification of the revealed cases of variability of verb forms is made in accordance with the following types of diasystemic variability: diatopic type, diachronic type, diaphasic type. The material for the study was French scripts of the 10th–14th centuries, presented by handwritten versions of various literary works. For their study, L.A. Stanova’s method of analysis is used “horizontally”, comparing different handwritten versions of one literary monument, and “vertically”, comparing different literary works. works within one regional written tradition, scripts. To analyze the research material, the comparative-comparative method, the structural-functional method, and the method of contextual analysis were also used. In the course of studying the types of diasystemic variability, the following was proved: (1) the diatopic type of variability of verb forms makes it possible to determine which phonetic processes affect the graphic design of verb forms in a particular script and determine the appearance of their variants in a particular time period (palatalization of consonants is characteristic of Picard scripts, monophthongization was already recorded in Central French scripts in the 13th century); (2) the diachronic type of variability indicates the changes that took place in the verbal system of the Old and Middle French periods at the level of morphology (displacement of archaic Latin forms of the verb estre by newly formed Romanic forms – the indicative imperfect ert → estoit; at the level of the use of verbal forms of tense and mood in the text – competition of the perfect/imperfect indicative in the descriptive function in the Old French period with the subsequent consolidation of the use of the imperfect in this meaning in the texts); (3) for the diaphasic type of variability, in the course of comparing different handwritten versions of one literary monument, it was found that, when rewriting the text, the scribe could completely alter the temporal/modal context of the work in order to change the general context of the work (on the material of the fablio in the Picard script, the predominant use of verb forms of syubjonctive is noted instead of indicative). The use of the diasystemic approach in the study of the variability of verb forms in the history of the French language makes it possible to systematize and order the identified cases of variability at different levels of the language (phonetic, morphological, at the level of graphics), as well as at the level of use in the text.
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SCHØSLER, LENE y HARALD VÖLKER. "Intralinguistic and extralinguistic variation factors in Old French negation withne-Ø, ne-mie, ne-pasandne-pointacross different text types". Journal of French Language Studies 24, n.º 1 (5 de diciembre de 2013): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269513000379.
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ABSTRACTOld French sentential negation (NEG) represents an important morphosyntactic change that has been investigated by a large number of scholars from different theoretical approaches. From the 12th to the 14th (and mainly in the 13th) century, there are two variants of this variable in competition: NEG with onlyne(the older variant) and NEG withne+pas/mie/point, etc. The research presented in this paper has been motivated by the wish to find relevant factors for this variation in Old French. In order to identify factors of influence on the variable NEG with or withoutpas,mieandpoint, we analyse two subcorpora containing two different text types. The choice of the tested factors is rooted both in variational linguistics and in previous studies on Old French negation, implying (extralinguistic) diasystematic factors like diatopic and diastratic ones as well as intralinguistic factors like transitivity of the verb, word order and clause type. Main findings are the probable relevance of clause type and the influence of socially definable (diastratic) groups. Beyond this, the results across the two different text type are predominantly similar, but we found differences as well. This leads us to plead in favour of the importance of considering the factor text type while working on diachronic corpora.
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Oakes, Leigh. "Pluricentric linguistic justice: a new ethics-based approach to pluricentricity in French and other languages". Sociolinguistica 35, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soci-2021-0004.
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Abstract Drawing on the example of the French-speaking world, this article makes the case for the valuable contribution of a systematic ethics-based approach to understanding linguistic pluricentricity. Following a critical review of three key definitional dimensions of the concept - political, linguistic and representational/attitudinal - it argues for the inclusion of a fourth ethical dimension to assess whether there are moral arguments which might also favour the recognition of distinct national standards. It builds on the recent linguistic justice literature in the fields of political theory and political philosophy to propose the notion of “pluricentric linguistic justice” as a framework for evaluating the ethics of local norm-setting and enforcement in pluricentric contexts. To demonstrate how pluricentric linguistic justice might be assessed, it examines a series of valued-based arguments discussed in the linguistic justice literature relating to the instrumental and identity functions of language, considering how they might apply to specific contexts in the French-speaking world. Besides contributing to existing theory, the notion of pluricentric linguistic justice has the potential to help advance social equality, by drawing attention to some of the social and political injustices associated with diatopic variation in spatially diffused languages more generally.
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Carles, Hélène y Martin Glessgen. "L’élaboration scripturale du francoprovençal au Moyen Âge". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, n.º 1 (4 de marzo de 2019): 68–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0003.
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Abstract Francoprovençal has generally been viewed as an oral dialect group with a highly varied character (due to the mountainous regions of the Alps, the Jura and the Massif Central), and with no elaborated written textual tradition. The virtual absence of such a tradition may indeed be observed for the modern period (i.e. the second half of the second millennium). However, this is not the case for the medieval period, during which Francoprovençal underwent a process of elaboration similar to that of the neighbouring Romance languages, at first fragmentary and embedded in Latin. From these beginnings emerged a pure Romance scripta which remained in existence until the end of the 15th century, when it was replaced by French. This process remained incomplete, characterised by the continuous copresence of either Latin or French and essentially limited to legal and administrative documents. Nonetheless, the first half of the second millennium yields a complex written vernacular which displays both diatopic and diachronic variation, and which has never before undergone systematic analysis. The present contribution is based on a corpus of medieval documents from the Francoprovençal regions of France and Switzerland (approx. 700.000 words), digitised as part of the project Documents linguistiques galloromans and presented for the first time here. Taking one of the most salient and frequent phenomena as an example – the outcome of lat. /a/ in tonic free syllables (ˈpratu> Frpr. pra vs Fr. pré) – the authors assess the nature and extent of the presence of Francoprovençal in medieval scripturality, examining a total of 60.000 occurrences. The results thus obtained allow an interpretation of the historical development of Francoprovençal on the basis of entirely new evidence.
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Honová, Zuzana y Jan Holeš. "TERM IN NON-SPECIALISED CONTEXT. CASE OF DETERMINOLOGISATION OF PSYCHIATRIC TERMINOLOGY". Folia linguistica et litteraria XIII, n.º 45 (septiembre de 2023): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.45.2023.4.
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The concept of “term” as a strictly monosemic, isolated unit incompatible with synonymy and polysemy is not based on reality. Term variation can be of diatopic, diachronic, or diastratic nature. In addition, there is a close relationship between specialised vocabulary and general vocabulary, as term can migrate from specialised language towards general language (and vice versa). The phenomenon is called determinologisation (other authors call it despecialisation, vulgarisation, dedomanialisation, banalisation, or lexical trivialisation). The article deals with determinologisation of psychiatric terminology. The number of terms penetrating nonspecialised language is growing, but determinologisation remains a phenomenon that only concerns certain categories of terms and, in particular, certain topics (such as environment, medicine, information technology, and space industry). The objective of the paper is to analyse the specificities of use of psychiatric terms in non-specialised texts, particularly in journalistic texts, by investigating the question of degree of specialisation of term for its use in determinologised context. To identify the basic psychiatric terms submitted for analysis, authors used the 5th chapter of the International Classification of Diseases, containing mental and behavioural disorders. The phenomenon of determinologisation has been analysed in LeMonde.fr, online version of the French daily newspaper, using Sketch Engine software tool. The authors identified a number of terms commonly used in non-specialised context (newspaper articles of various sections – news, culture, economics, sports). Usually (with certain exceptions), these were one-word terms, all of them being nouns and adjectives.
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Elongo, Arsène. "Aspects innovants des métonymies dans le discours quotidien de Brazzavillois". Traduction et Langues 22, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2023): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v22i2.951.
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Innovative Aspects of Metonymies in Brazzavillois' Everyday Discourse
This article examines the innovative aspects of metonymies in the everyday speech of Brazzavillois residents, who live in an environment influenced by both the French language and local languages. The primary goal of the study is to discern the network of metonymies in oral communication and to identify the stylistic reasons for their expressive use in Brazzaville French.The chosen methodology involves compiling a corpus sourced from recordings, posters, and various daily uses related to the professional and linguistic habits of the Brazzaville community. Data selection criteria prioritize relevance and qualitative value. Utilizing this corpus, we applied the linguistic components criteria and the implicit approach developed by Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1998), along with the ellipsis approach proposed by Michel Le Guern (1973). This application aims to elucidate the discursive implications of metonymy in everyday conversation, seeking to verify how metonymic expressions illuminate the subjectivity, culture, and language proficiency of the speaker. Furthermore, metonymies in oral communication hold implicit value as they allow for the examination of undisclosed informational content omitted by the speaker through ellipses. The ellipsis approach aids in analyzing metonymy as a process that accentuates the container, with the content being elliptically placed by the speaker based on communication needs, intending to magnify a salient element of metonymic adjacency. Our anticipated results are expected to confirm that metonymy actively contributes to the semantic innovation of French in the Brazzaville context. This is attributed to its discursive techniques, particularly the containing/content relationship, which remains a decisive factor in semantic evolution and polysemy. Additionally, metonymy, being a figure of everyday life, permeates various domains such as family, professional settings, religious language, and even in journalism. It is commonly employed in familiar discourse, the realm of transportation, educational institutions, and commercial communication. This usage often arises from the application of verbs like 'pay' and 'buy,' where the content is replaced by the container (e.g., the bottle replaces the gas, and the invoice replaces the company). In conclusion, our findings indicate that metonymy in oral communication is not merely a tool for aesthetic language creation; rather, it emerges as a phenomenon driving linguistic innovation. It adds new layers of meaning to verbs like 'buy' and 'pay' within the specific context of Brazzaville, contributing to a diatopic variation of French in Africa.
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Palasis, Katerina. "Subject clitics and preverbal negation in European French: Variation, acquisition, diatopy and diachrony". Lingua 161 (julio de 2015): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.11.012.
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Bohmann, Axel. "Diatopic variation in digital space". Scandinavian Studies in Language 14, n.º 2 (19 de diciembre de 2023): 73–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sss.v14i2.142539.
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The availability of large amounts of social media text offers tremendous potential for studies of diatopic variation. A case in point is the linguistic geography of Texas, which is at present insufficiently described in traditional dialectological research. This paper summarises previous work on diatopic variation in Texas English on the basis of Twitter and presents an approach that foregrounds functional interpretability over a maximally clear geographical signal. In a multi-dimensional analysis based on 45 linguistic features in over 3 million tweets from across the state, two dimensions of variation are identified that pattern in geographically meaningful ways. The first of these relates to creative uses of typography and distinguishes urban centres from the rest of the state. The second dimension encompasses characteristics of interpersonal, spoken discourse and shows an East-West geographical divide. While the linguistic features of relevance for the dimensions are not generally considered in dialectological research, their geographic patterning reflects major tendencies attested in the literature on diatopic variation in Texas.[1] [1]I am grateful to Alex Rosenfeld for sharing his data with me. This work was initially presented at a panel on Twitter in sociolinguistic research at NWAV 49, organised by Stef Grondelaers and Jane Stuart-Smith. I would like to thank both of them for giving me this opportunity and the attendees of the panel, especially Lars Hinrichs and Alex Rosenfeld, for fruitful discussion. Finally, my gratitude goes to Erling Strudsholm and Anita Berit Hansen for their invitation to participate on the Coseriu Symposium and their patience in organising this special issue.
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Schøsler, Lene. "The Diasystematic Status of the Diatopic Axis". Scandinavian Studies in Language 14, n.º 2 (19 de diciembre de 2023): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sss.v14i2.142566.
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This paper is anchored in the tradition of variationist linguistics of Germanic and Romance studies in Europe. In variationist linguistics, the dimension of ‘space’ is essential. According to Flydal (1952:245) this dimension is one of the “extrastructuralismes” which, together with the structures of language, forms the “architecture de langue”. The other important extrastructural dimension mentioned by Flydal is diastratic, i.e. social variation. Coseriu takes over these two notions from Flydal, adding a third dimension: the diaphasic variation (1969:148 ss.). A fourth dimension proposed by Koch & Oesterreicher (1990), opposing the spoken vs written conception, implying the distinction between communicative immediacy or distance (the diamesic variation), was, however, not included by Coseriu. A number of publications and articles have recently questioned the theoretical basis of the three or four dimensions taken over from Flydal by Coseriu and further elaborated in the tradition of variationist linguistics in Romance and Germanic studies. My contribution focuses on the diatopic level, but intends to show, by means of a number of case studies, that this level cannot be considered independently of other variation factors.
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Mirele Alves Medeiros, Maria y Wesley Willames Cirino Oliveira. "LINGUISTIC VARIATION AND ITS ASSUMPTIONS". Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade 5, n.º 06 (23 de noviembre de 2024): 88–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/gei.v5i06.2304.
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This work deals with the study of linguistic variations, having as its core the differences found in social interaction in people's daily lives. It was constructed considering the difficulty some teachers have in dealing with the heterogeneity of verbal expressions used in communities. It does not aim to judge any conception, especially the standard norm, but to provide a new perspective in a judicious manner, taking into account the relationship with the events of these variations, observing factors such as: geographic space, the degree of formality required for each situation experienced, culture, the individual being and the community in which he or she is inserted. This is what is set out in the chapters that, when dealing with linguistic variation, bring in their core the historical and conceptual marks, in the light of various theorists, discussing the sociolinguistic phenomenon, as well as reflecting on the possibility of a variationist analysis, focusing on diatopic variation, orality and regionalisms in the light of popular culture. The research also provides an opportunity for a reflective approach, focusing on the analysis of the diatopic variation present in the poem “A triste partiu de Patativa do Assaré”.
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Mogorrón Huerta, Pedro. "La variation dans les Constructions Verbales Figées de l’espagnol d’Amérique". Spanish Phraseology 38, n.º 2 (7 de diciembre de 2015): 276–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.38.2.05mog.
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Traditionally, research papers on fixed expressions emphasize the fact that those sequences are fixed compared to constructions with free components. After one study which was carried out in 2010 through which we were able to prove that a considerable number of verbal fixed expressions in common Peninsular Spanish allow changes in some of their components without causing a change in the meaning and maintaining their fixed state, in this paper we analyze verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety. This analysis allows us to observe the modes of variation in the Latin American Spanish verbal fixed expressions (paradigm, lexic, morphology, grammar) by following the same patterns and syntactic structures as in common Penninsular Spanish which we find in the case of diatopic expressions formed in the verbal fixed expressions of common Penninsular Spanish as well as in new diatopic verbal fixed expressions. The fact that there are so many verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety and also that this number will only increase in the near future reinforces the idea that we should create very complete data bases.
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Núñez Nogueroles, Eugenia Esperanza. "A Pan-Hispanic approach to the usage of Anglicisms in the thematic area of sports". Moderna Språk 117, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2023): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v117i1.11338.
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that have brought the classification of Anglicisms according to thematic fields into focus have shown that, in relation to various languages and varieties, sports is the area in which Anglicisms seem to appear most frequently (Seidel 2010, Andersen 2011). Considering Spanish, when introducing English names of sports, the two main choices are either to adopt/adapt these foreign names or to calque them into the recipient language. This paper aims to clarify which of these two options has been the most successful one and whether diatopic variation plays a part in this respect. To fulfil this goal, a series of equivalent pairs and their variants are looked up in CORPES XXI, and the statistics provided by this corpus in relation to geographical distribution are analysed. Results show that diatopic variation affects disparity in the frequency of use of the different forms of English ball sports names in Spanish.
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Ramírez Rodríguez, Pablo. "El impacto de la migración en la fraseología del español en los Estados Unidos: un estudio comparativo de California y Nueva York". Philologica Canariensia, n.º 30 (2024) (22 de junio de 2024): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/phil.can.2024.685.
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This comparative study aims to analyse the impact of migration on Spanish phraseological diatopic variation in two American states: California and New York. For this purpose, a sample of verbal locutions extracted from the Hispanic press in both regions was collected, a phraseological corpus of 362 units was created and compared with the verbal locutions of mainland standard Spanish. The phraseological comparison was carried out from various fields of linguistic knowledge, considering sociolinguistic and cognitive contributions to phraseology. The results show that, in both California and New York, there is significant diatopic variation in phraseology compared to standard Spanish. This variation, a result of the demographic characteristics of each region, is largely attributed to the linguistic influence present in both regions, especially English and other Hispanic variants, such as Mexican Spanish in the case of California and Caribbean Spanish in the case of New York. This paper aims to provide a significant contribution to the field of applied linguistics and sociolinguistics in the context of migration and the evolution of the Spanish language in the United States.
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BLAINEY, DARCIE. "Same process, different meaning: /ε/ lowering over time in Louisiana Regional French". Journal of French Language Studies 27, n.º 2 (24 de agosto de 2015): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269515000320.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines /ɛ/ lowering before /r/ in Louisiana Regional French (e.g.,père, /pɛr/ → [pær], [pɛr] ‘father’) between 1977 and 2011 in a small geographic region. The analysis of 436 tokens from 32 speakers shows that /ɛ/ lowering has changed through time from a generational to a geographical boundary marker. This explains differing /ɛ/ lowering rates reported in the literature (Guilbeau, 1950; Dubois, 2005; Salmon, 2009). Results confirm that sociolinguistic factors play an active role in Louisiana Regional French, despite its endangered status (Dajko, 2009; Dubois, 2005), underscoring the need to better control for diatopic factors in future research.
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Weber, Elodie. "La variación diatópica del léxico". RILEX. Revista sobre investigaciones léxicas 8, n.º 1 (28 de enero de 2025): 93–121. https://doi.org/10.17561/rilex.8.1.8882.
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Certain lexical pairs (agregar/añadir, elegir/escoger, trozo/pedazo, etc.) are never mentioned in the studies of traditional dialectology or linguistic geography studies devoted to geosynonyms with different frequences of use. The terms that make up these pairs have the particularity of offering very slight denotative nuances linked to the existence of several meanings. The examination, using the CORPES XXI electronic corpus, of the frequencies of use of agregar and añadir shows that these verbs are indeed subject to diatopic variations, and that these variations concerns two acceptions of the verb in particular The same analysis should be carried out with the other pairs mentioned above to see if they form a coherent set from the point of view of diatopic variation, and to identify possible causes.
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Möller, Robert y Stephan Elspaß. "Mehr als Dialekt-Relikte: Regionale Variation im Gegenwartsdeutschen". Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 45, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2021.45.1.21-33.
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<p>Although dialect use has declined massively over the past 100 years in large parts of the German-speaking countries, there is still a considerable areal diversity overall. Even the written standard language is characterised by diatopic heterogeneity on various levels – pronunciation, lexis, grammar, pragmatics. This is even more true for spoken everyday language, which, depending on the country and area, may be more dialectal, regiolectal, or near-standard in the German-speaking countries. This paper focuses on lexical variation and presents data from the <em>Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache </em>(AdA) from online surveys conducted over the last 17 years; some of these data is compared with older data from the <em>Wortatlas der deutschen Umgangssprachen</em> (WDU) collected in the 1970s. The approx. 600 maps of the AdA produced so far document, on the one hand, a surprisingly clear preservation of older regional contrasts in the distribution of diatopic variants, as already known from earlier dialect atlases. On the other hand, the AdA maps show a multitude of newer cases of regional diversity, which were hardly or not at all known before and which are thus not listed in codices or studies on the lexis of contemporary German. The paper shows that even variants for modern concepts are often not uniform across regions but can have distinct regional emphases. Finally, the question of dominant areal structures in present-day lexical variation of German will be addressed.</p>
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Autelli, Erica. "Il francoprovenzale e il francese nell’Italia settentrionale". Linguistik Online 130, n.º 6 (30 de mayo de 2024): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.129.11158.
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This article focuses on the Francoprovençal varieties and on the French spoken in Northern Italy, in two regions located in multilingual contexts: the Aosta Valley (where, in addition to French and Francoprovençal, Italian and Walser dialects also coexist) and Piedmont (which, in addition to sharing the diatopic varieties mentioned for the Aosta Valley, also embraces Piedmontese and Occitan). It will be shown that French has played an important role in the history guaranteeing the autonomy of the Aosta Valley, also thanks to the sustainment of the government, while the various Francoprovençal dialects have not been supported at the same grade, are rather used in oral contexts and in general, they are undergoing a process of Italianisation, even though they are taught at school and partly also at university. French is the language of instruction in the Aosta Valley next to Italian and as L2 in Piedmont, while Francoprovençal has been introduced at school only towards the end of the XX century.
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Valencia Giraldo, María Victoria. "The effect of standardisation on collocations in Colombian and European Spanish translations of the work "Rootless"". SKOPOS. Revista Internacional de Traducción e Interpretación 14 (26 de octubre de 2023): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/skopos.v14i.16169.
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The empirical study of syntactic, stylistic, and lexical patterns through corpora has frequently revealed a tendency towards standardisation, as Toury (1995/2012) defines it, in translated texts. In this vein, some studies have found that diatopy tends to become blurred in translations, particularly into transnational languages. In the case of Spanish, it has been stated that the enormous geographical richness of the language is not really reflected in translated Spanish. This paper argues that the translation of the work Rootless by Chris Howard into Colombian Spanish exhibits traits more typical of the European Spanish than of the Colombian Spanish variety. For this purpose, diatopic distribution of verb + noun (object) collocations extracted from a parallel corpus and a monolingual corpus of Rootless and its translations published in Colombian and European Spanish, is examined in a reference Spanish corpus.
Keywords: parallel corpus; translated Spanish; Colombian Spanish; standardisation in translation; diatopic variation
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Cardinaletti, Anna y Giuliana Giusti. "Indefinite determiners in informal Italian: A preliminary analysis". Linguistics 58, n.º 3 (26 de mayo de 2020): 679–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0081.
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AbstractThis paper presents the results of a pilot study on the distribution of indefinite determiners in contexts with narrow scope interpretation in current informal Italian. It individuates the available forms and presents their diatopic distribution. The research is based on data collected through an online questionnaire designed to detect optionality. The results show that in narrow scope indefinite contexts, i. e., negative statements, both the zero determiner and the definite article are widespread throughout the country. The partitive determiner is only found in episodic sentences and is limited to restricted geographic areas. In all contexts and areas, a large degree of optionality is found. In some context and area, however, it is possible to identify one form more prominent than the others. This can be related to the context, which may favour some specialized meaning of one specific form, e. g., saliency and small quantity, or to diatopic variation due to language contact with the dialect, as shown by comparing present-day informal Italian with the dialectal data reported in AIS and analysed in (Cardinaletti and Giusti. 2018. Indefinite determiners: Variation and optionality in Italo-Romance. In Diego Pescarini & Roberta D’Alessandro (eds.), Advances in Italian dialectology: Sketches of Italo-Romance grammars, 135–161. Amsterdam: Brill).
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Almau Almau, Sonia. "Diatopic variation in four B1 Spanish as a foreign language student’s books". Linguo Didáctica 4 (2 de diciembre de 2024): 95–123. https://doi.org/10.33776/linguodidactica.v4.8180.
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This paper examines four Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) B1 level textbooks from different publishers based on the central-northern peninsular standard, with the aim of investigating the inclusion of diatopic variation in them. For this purpose, a quantitative analysis was carried out in which, based on the number of exercises in each textbook, the percentage of linguistic features from varieties other than central-northern peninsular is measured. Additionally, the percentage of these features is calculated by linguistic level (phonetic-phonological, morphosyntactic, lexical-semantic and pragmatic) and by the skills they are practiced in (reading comprehension, written expression and interaction, listening comprehension and oral expression and interaction) or by exercise type. Ultimately, this analysis allows us to determinate which linguistic features from other varieties are most present in the textbooks, in which communicative language activities they are introduced, as well as which peripheral variety predominates in each textbook.
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Seldeslachts, Herman y Raf Van Rooy. "“Every fox praises its own tail”. Jan Blahoslav (1523–1571) on Slavic dialects". Zeitschrift für Slawistik 67, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2022): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2022-0001.
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Summary Jan Blahoslav (1523–1571) was one of the first – if not the first – to devote a separate chapter to the phenomenon of vernacular diatopic variation in his Czech grammar. His pioneering attempts at making sense of this issue have thus far remained understudied, especially outside of the Czech Republic. In this contribution, we open up this important text, largely written in Czech, to a wider audience by means of an annotated English translation. In addition, we frame his interest in dialectal variation in the intellectual trends of 16th-century language study, especially within the Protestant circles in which Blahoslav was active.
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del Giudice, Philippe. "La variation libre phonologique et morphologique du dialecte niçois: essai d’illustration". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, n.º 1 (25 de marzo de 2022): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.1.08.
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"Phonological and Morphological Free Variation in the Dialect of Nice – an Illustration. A project has been launched to make a dialectal dictionary of Nice and its surroundings. As an important amount of data is being gathered from various texts and in the field, the proportion of free variation in the Occitan dialect spoken in the city of Nice appears to be significantly greater than what studies (especially grammars and dictionaries) report. Using a substantial set of examples, this descriptive article shares with the scientific community some important features of phonological and morphological polymorphism in urban Niçois. In the phonological part, it also shows the links that tie together polymorphism and diatopic variation in a relatively homogeneous dialectal area. Keywords: free variation, phonology, morphology, Niçois (Niçard, Nissart), Occitan "
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Waldenberger, Sandra, Stefanie Dipper y Ilka Lemke. "Towards a broad-coverage graphemic analysis of large historical corpora". Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 40, n.º 3 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2021-2037.
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Abstract This paper presents a method which we are developing to explore graphemic variation in large historical corpora of German. Historical corpora provide an amount of data at the level of graphemics which cannot be handled exhaustively using common methods of manual evaluation. To deal with this challenge, we apply methods from computational linguistics to pave the way for a broad-coverage graph(em)ic analysis of large historical corpora. In this paper, we show how our approach can be applied to the Reference Corpus of Middle High German. Illustrating our method and linguistic analysis, we present findings from our investigations into diatopic and/or diachronic variation as documented in 13th and 14th century charters (Urkunden) from the corpus.
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Botnari, Liliana. "Lexical Indices of Variation in „Amintiri din copilărie” by Ion Creangă". Philologia, n.º 2(314) (agosto de 2021): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2021.2(314).10.
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Ion Creangă’s literary work is an inexhaustible source of expressiveness, which lends itself to versatile interpretations, from various perspectives, never finished. In this study, we analyze the lexical variation indices of „Amintiri din copilărie” through the prism of the variational dimensions: diachrony, diatopia, diastratia and diaphasia. Their inventory demonstrates that Ion Creangă's work abounds in contextual expressive-aesthetic meanings and is a perfect model for rendering the simultaneous harmonious functioning of these indices, which actually builds the oral and popular character of his writing. Obsolete lexical units, archaic forms, as well as words of Slavic origin are indices of diachronic and diatopic variation. The terms of popular occupations or the lexemes related to the village life and its activities become diastratic indices, their intentional insertion involving various moods, emotions or attitudes.
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Šimičić, Lucija. "Some Aspects of Lexical Variation in Na-Našo/-u (Molise, Italy)". SPONDE 3, n.º 1 (22 de julio de 2024): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/sponde.4532.
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Molise Croatian is a Štokavian Ikavian variety brought from the East Adriatic coast to the region of Molise at the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century. Today it is spoken in three out of four officially recognized Croatian Molise villages in the region of Molise in south Italy, namely those of Mundimitar / Montemitro, Kruč / Acquaviva Collecroce, and Filič / San Felice del Molise, but even there its use has been declining, and intergenerational transmission is interrupted in some parts of the community. The aim of the paper is to present and discuss aspects of diatopic variation in lexicon between the three local varieties on the basis of the terms collected in a local language documentation project and published in Vocabolario polinomico (Sportelli linguistici 2020).
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Berns, Janine. "Velar variation in French". Linguistics in the Netherlands 2013 30 (18 de noviembre de 2013): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.30.02ber.
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It is commonly noted that French velar plosives tend to take a fronted realization when followed by a front vowel. These observations are generally not accompanied by representative data, and consequently, little is known about the actual characteristics and spread of the phenomenon. This study provides a corpus analysis of velar palatalization in contemporary French, and addresses the potential linguistic and sociolinguistic factors involved. Moreover, the synchronic results are considered in the light of the palatalization processes that took place in the history of French.
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Verbeke, Martin. "Represent your origins: An analysis of the diatopic determinants of non-standard language use in French rap". International Journal of Francophone Studies 20, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfs.20.3-4.209_1.
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Voeten, Cesko C. "Regional variation in ongoing sound change: The case of the Dutch diphthongs". Journal of Linguistic Geography 9, n.º 2 (octubre de 2021): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2021.10.
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AbstractThis paper discusses the regional variation in four ongoing sound changes in the Dutch vowels /eː,øː,oː,ɛi,œy/ that are conditioned by a following coda /l/. The synchronic diatopic diffusion of these changes is charted using the Dutch teacher corpus, a comprehensive dataset containing word-list data from four regions in The Netherlands and four in Flanders. Comparisons are made of the five vowels preceding nonapproximant consonants and preceding coda /l/. To avoid manually segmenting the oftentimes highly gradient vowel–/l/ boundary, GAMMs are used to model whole formant trajectories. Comparisons are then made of trajectories and of peaks of trajectories. The results are used to classify the nature of the four sound changes in terms of phonetic and lexical abruptness/graduality and to show that the changes are intertwined in such a way that they can only be considered as separate facets of a single, currently ongoing vowel shift.
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Schäfer, Lea. "Auxiliary Selection in Yiddish Dialects". Journal of Germanic Linguistics 34, n.º 4 (14 de noviembre de 2022): 341–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542722000010.
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The variation of the two past tense auxiliaries (HAVE and BE) is a well-studied phenomenon in European languages, especially in the West Germanic varieties. So far, however, the situation in Eastern Yiddish has not been examined. This paper focuses on auxiliary selection in these Yiddish dialects based on data from the Language and Culture Archive of Ashkenazic Jewry, which were collected in the 1960s. Like most of the current works on this topic, the following analysis uses and discusses Sorace’s (1993, 2000) Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy, which allows to examine the Yiddish structures in light of historical and diatopic evidence from other Germanic varieties, particularly German and Dutch. The main focus is on intransitive verbs that show a high degree of variation—state verbs, controlled and uncontrolled motional process verbs, and change-of-state verbs. However, the Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy also has weaknesses, as is demonstrated in the following.*
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Cinato, Lucia. "Soziogeographische Variation im Deutschen und ihre Übersetzung ins Italienische". Linguistik Online 111, n.º 6 (11 de diciembre de 2021): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.111.8248.
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The translation of multilingual texts, in which diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic varieties contribute to the characterization of the figures and their milieus, poses the problem of the sociolinguistic adequacy of the translation. It is well known that the greatest challenge lies in the varieties caused by the spatial variation of the language, since it is practically impossible to establish perfect equivalence between dialects. However, the reproduction of diamesic varieties, in particular the written reproduction of the spoken language, can cause great difficulties for translators. The article presents the TRADIVARIO project, the aim of which is to investigate strategies and tendencies in the translation of multilingual literary texts for the German-Italian language pair that are characterized by a pronounced sociolinguistic stratification or representative of the variety structure of the spoken language of the present. In addition, the concrete goal of the project is the creation of a parallel corpus as well as the development of a digital platform, which makes the results of the investigation researchable and which can serve as a tool both for translators and learners and as an empirical basis for contrastive linguistic research.
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Maguire, Warren. "Exploring morphosyntactic variation in dialects of English across the world". English Today 32, n.º 4 (30 de junio de 2016): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841600033x.
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The Mouton World Atlas of Variation in English (WAVE), edited by Bernd Kortmann and Kerstin Lunkenheimer, is an impressive and significant achievement. Consisting of almost 1,000 pages of detailed accounts of morphosyntactic patterns in 55 varieties of English from around the world (with some analysis of a further 19) by an international range of experts (many of whom are native speakers of the varieties they describe), WAVE represents a major step forward in our understanding of dialect variation in English and illustrates in fine detail a vast array of linguistic systems that fall under the umbrella ‘English’ across the world today. Using a list of 235 morphosyntactic features, WAVE explores diatopic variation in L1, L2 and pidgin/creole varieties across the globe, illustrating the results in 96 full-colour maps, and investigates the deeper relationships between the varieties in 23 colour-coded phenetic networks. It is a veritable feast for the eyes, but there is so much detail in it that it is much more than that; it is, in fact, a huge database echoing in many ways The World Atlas of Language Structures (Haspelmath et al. 2005) in its depth and breadth.
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Füreder, Birgit, Dirk Köning y Monika Messner. "Sind Sie noch bei der Arbeit oder schon am Arbeiten? Regionale Spielarten von Progressivität im Deutschen". Linguistik Online 117, n.º 5 (9 de diciembre de 2022): 63–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.117.9048.
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Progressivity in German can be expressed not only by lexical means but also by various periphrastic structures, e. g. the am-periphrasis, the prepositions bei and in combined with nominalized infinitives or the periphrastic infinitival construction with the auxiliary verb tun. However, the use of these structures can vary considerably from region to region, especially in oral communication, often also in connection with significant diastratic, diaphasic and diamesic variation. This paper investigates native speaker judgments of different progressive markers in German (i. e. am-periphrasis, beim- and im-periphrases as well as tun-periphrasis) regarding their acceptability, use, familiarity and distribution in a particular geographical area or social group. The present study essentially focuses on regional differences between three distinct dialectal regions of the German-speaking area (Middle Bavarian, South Bavarian and Rhenish-Westphalian). Results indicate a tendency towards successive advancement of the am-peri-phrasis, even though the actual usage of this specific progressive construction still shows clear diatopic and diaphasic variation.
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Estellés Arguedas, Maria y Marta Albelda Marco. "The Boundaries between Perception and Evidentiality. Dialectal and Diachronic Variation "se ve que"". Anuari de Filologia. Estudis de Lingüística 10 (18 de diciembre de 2020): 163–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/afel.2020.10.7.
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The sequence se ve que can convey various meanings: indirect physical perception, cognitive perception and evidentiality. The latter value, however, is restricted to European Spanish, and is especially frequent in the Eastern Area. From a diatopic perspective, the existence of ambiguous uses of se ve que can be acknowledged where speakers can interpret both a perceptual and an evidential meaning of the structure. Thanks to a diachronic study and to the analysis of ambiguous vs. non-ambiguous uses, this article postulates further recognition criteria that help distinguish between perceptual and evidential meanings of se ve que. In this sense, the study shows that the trait shared by perceptual and evidential values —and the one leading to ambiguity— is the fact that they are based on one and the same reasoning process, and the difference between them —that may help distinguish them— lies in the part of the reasoning process that is being cognitively focused. Likewise, the article shows how a deeper study of se ve que can contribute to a better understanding of evidentiality in Spanish.
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Ten Broek, Gaëlle. "L'utilisation et le jugement des dictionnaires de français par des étudiants québécois et acadiens". Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, n.º 64 (1 de enero de 2016): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2016.2927.
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This study concerns the usage and the judgment of French dictionaries by students from Quebec and New Brunswick. It enables to understand which dictionaries are the most liked and bought based on their form and content. The analysis is done on three different dimensions: diatopic, gender and study level. The purpose is to determine which dictionaries are the most used and possessed, and if they equal to the one they judge as the best in content and form. The results showed different important aspects of the linguistic situation and the knowledge of European and Canadian dictionaries. In the first place, the sense of identity of these students has been highly emphasized. In the second place, there is an apparent difference in treatment of the sociolects by the students of Quebec and New Brunswick. In the third place, the results showed an important dissimilarity between the dictionaries that are the most known and possessed and the one judged as the best with respect to their form and content.
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Petillo, Mariacristina. "The use of subtitles in foreign language teaching". Audiovisual translation and media accessibility in language learning contexts 9, n.º 2 (14 de julio de 2023): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00110.pet.
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Abstract The aim of this contribution is to assert the role of didactic audiovisual translation as a helpful tool for enhancing metalinguistic skills in a foreign language classroom in Italy; more precisely, the paper will offer an analysis of how foreign language teachers can introduce their students to the idea of sociolinguistic variation, by observing how lexical and morphosyntactic changes can occur in the translation process from an Italian source text into an English target text and/or vice versa. The following sociolinguistic variables will be examined through the lens of audiovisual translation, applied to a range of text types including films and an opera libretto turned into surtitles in English: (1) diamesic variation, making students reflect on such aspects as coarse expressions and taboo words, in relation to the Australian film Ned Kelly; (2) diachronic variation, exploring the multidisciplinary possibilities offered by opera surtitling with a focus on the opera Falstaff by Giuseppe Verdi; (3) diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic variations, commenting upon some examples from the Italian films Mio cognato (My Brother-In-Law) and L’uomo che comprò la luna (The Man Who Bought the Moon).
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Marttinen Larsson, Matti y Miriam Bouzouita. "Feminine morphology in possessive complements of adverbial constructions in Andalusian varieties". Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 91 (3 de julio de 2022): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/clac.78536.
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The present study scrutinizes the Spanish morphological variation between masculine and feminine possessive complements used with locative adverbials (e.g. cerca mío / mía ‘close to me’). The feminine -a suffix (e.g. mia) is the innovative variant and has been described by normative grammars as a low-frequency and stigmatized trait. This paper focuses on Andalusian Spanish, where the innovative -a-suffix has the highest frequency of use. Twitter data from the eight provinces of Andalusia are compiled in order to determine the innovation’s diatopic distribution and linguistic diffusion. The quantitative results show that the -a variant predominates in all Andalusia and that the change has spread through all the adverbial locative contexts. We propose a series of analogical extensions have taken place whereby the feminine possessive complement spreads from one adverbial context to another, creating an analogical snowballing effect.
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Versloot, Arjen. "Methodological reflections on the emergence of Old Frisian". Unity and Diversity in West Germanic, III 67, n.º 1 (24 de febrero de 2014): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.67.1.02ver.
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The question addressed in this article is whether it is possible to identify the time of the emergence of Frisian from the rest of West Germanic. Some of the criteria used in determining the chronology of Frisian language history are evaluated in terms of their temporal and spatial aspects. Phonological features that appear to differentiate languages from a present-day perspective disappear in a haze of synchronic and diatopic allophonic alternations. Reconstructions of the order of phonological developments often turn out to be best-fit interpretations of changes whose precise character, age and location are hard to determine. Besides, reconstructions of regional distribution are obscured by subsequent migrations and dialect shifts. Consequently, the splits in a language family tree are not bifurcations, but bushes of variation, where only hindsight allows an identification of the chronology and the decisive factors involved.
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Cartier, Emmanuel, Alexander Onysko, Esme Winter-Froemel, Eline Zenner, Gisle Andersen, Béryl Hilberink-Schulpen, Ulrike Nederstigt, Elizabeth Peterson y Frank van Meurs. "Linguistic repercussions of COVID-19: A corpus study on four languages". Open Linguistics 8, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 751–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2022-0222.
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Abstract The global reach of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing localized policy reactions provides a case to uncover how a global crisis translates into linguistic discourse. Based on the JSI Timestamped Web Corpora that are automatically POS-tagged and accessible via SketchEngine, this study compares French, German, Dutch, and English. After identifying the main names used to denote the virus and its disease, we extracted a total of 1,697 associated terms (according to logDice values) retrieved from news media data from January through October 2020. These associated words were then organized into categories describing the properties of the virus and the disease, their spatio-temporal features and their cause–effect dependencies. Analyzing the output cross-linguistically and across the first 10 months of the pandemic, a fairly stable semantic discourse space is found within and across each of the four languages, with an overall clear preference for visual and biomedical features as associated terms, though significant diatopic and diachronic shifts in the discourse space are also attested.
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Feldhausen, Ingo y Christina Christ. "Die -ra/-se-Alternation beim subjuntivo imperfecto im europäischen Spanisch: Eine soziolinguistische Korpusstudie". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 137, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 827–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2021-0031.
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Abstract With the -ra/-se-alternation of the subjuntivo imperfecto, the present study takes up a classic topic of Hispanic studies. The focus here, however, lies in the little-researched regional variation of this alternation in Spain, combined with an investigation of the sociolinguistic variables of gender, age and level of education, and their role in that alternation. For this purpose, we analyzed interview data from four cities (Madrid, Málaga, Santiago de Compostela, Valencia) taken from the Corpus del Proyecto para el estudio sociolingüístico del español de España y de América (PRESEEA). The results show significant differences between the locations with Madrid showing the highest use of -se-forms and a large variation between the interviewees, while in Santiago de Compostela the -ra-form predominates; intermediate values are attested for the rest. Regarding the sociolinguistic factors, a higher use of the generally rarer -se-form occurs among men, in the youngest age group and in the middle educational level. The study thus not only shows clear diatopic differences in the -ra/-se-alternation within Spain, but also provides indications of a trend towards a more frequent use of the -se-form among the younger generation.
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Muhongo, Timóteo, Pavel Brazdil y Fátima Silva. "Detection of Loanwords in Angolan Portuguese: A Text Mining Approach". Inteligencia Artificial 25, n.º 69 (22 de junio de 2022): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol25iss69pp87-106.
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Angola is characterized by many different languages and social, cultural and political realities, which had a marked effect on Angolan Portuguese (AP). Consequently, AP is characterized by diatopic variation. One of the marked effects is in the loanwords imported from other Angolan languages. Our objective is to analyze different Angolan texts, analyze the lexical forms used and conduct a comparative study with European Portuguese, whose aim is to identify the possible loanwords in Angolan. This process was automated, as well as the identification of cotexts of all loanwords. In addition, we determine the lexical class of each loanword and the Angolan language of origin. Most lexical loanwords come from the Kimbundu, although AP includes loanwords from some other Angolan languages, too. Our study serves as a basis for preparation of an Angolan regionalism dictionary. We note that more than 700 loanwords identified do not figure in the existing dictionaries.
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Costea, Ștefania y Adam Ledgeway. "Exploring Microvariation in Verb-Movement Parameters within Daco-Romanian and across Daco-Romance". Languages 9, n.º 1 (8 de enero de 2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9010019.
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This article reviews some of the principal patterns of morphosyntactic variation within Daco-Romanian and across Daco-Romance in support of a distinction between low vs high V-movement grammars variously distributed in accordance with diatopic variation (Daco-Romance: west vs east, Aromanian: north vs south), diachronic and diagenerational variation (Megleno-Romanian) and endogenous vs exogenous factors (Istro-Romanian). This approach, which builds on the insights of the Borer–Chomsky conjecture, assumes that the locus of parametric variation lies in the lexicon and the (PF-)lexicalization of specific formal feature values of individual functional projections, in our case the clausal heads T and v and the broad cartographic areas that they can be taken to represent. In this way, our analysis locates the relevant dimensions of (micro)variation among different Daco-Romance varieties in properties of T and v. In particular, we show that the feature values of these two heads are not set in isolation, inasmuch as parameters form an interrelated network of implicational relationships: the given value of a particular parameter entails the concomitant activation of associated lower-order parametric choices, whose potential surface effects may consequently become entirely predictable, or indeed render other parameters entirely irrelevant. In this way we can derive properties such as verb–adverb order, auxiliary selection, retention vs loss of the preterite, the availability of a dedicated preverbal subject position, the distribution of DOM, and the different stages of Jespersen’s Cycle across Daco-Romance quite transparently, based on the relevant strength of T and v in individual sub-branches and sub-dialects.
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Arias Bedoya, Franklin Yessid. "Variation and Use of Relativizers in the Spanish of Medellín, Colombia: A Corpus-Based Study". Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 28, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2023): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v28n1a09.
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The study of relativizers in the Spanish language has not been quite explored from a sociolinguistic point of view. A few research papers have analyzed varieties found in Santiago de Chile, Mexico City, Sevilla, and Madrid. Nevertheless, none of them has addressed a Colombian variety in depth. This variationist study aims to fill the gap by reporting the results of a correlational study focused on the use and variation of relativizers in the preseea-Medellín corpus. An anova test, a Games-Howell test, multiple Tukey’s tests, and pairwise comparisons t-tests with Bonferroni correction were run to identify the variables with significant effects (e.g., geographical position, gender, level of education, and social class). Results suggest that, while there is significant diatopic variation in the selection of relativizers, diastratic variables have a minor role in their frequency of use. It was also noted that while the use of the pronoun que tends to spread in all varieties of Spanish, the relative adjectives cuyo and cuanto continue their trend towards disuse. Further studies are necessary to determine if this tendency to simplification is related to psycholinguistic constraints (i.e. mental load) or functional aspects of Spanish. Finally, this study opens the doors to the analysis of relativizers in other varieties of Colombian Spanish from a sociolinguistic perspective.