Tesis sobre el tema "Diagnostique automatique"
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Nohra, Chadi. "Diagnostique de défauts sur un moteur Diesel". Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01570301.
Texto completoLong time considered pollutants, diesel engines are today as much clean, or even more, than the gasoline engines. In order to respect the environmental standards, even in presence of malfunctions, the automotive manufacturers set up systems of faults detection and isolation. Most previous works in the diesel engine diagnosis determined parts of the engine and not the complete engine. This thesis proposes an innovative fault-diagnosis system for a turbocharged diesel engine with variable-geometry turbocharger control. Numerous and diversified actuator and/or sensors faults are identified and analyzed such as air-leakage in the admission collector, compressor malfunctioning, intake-valves fault, intercooler fault, deterioration in the turbine-compressor coupling, defect in the variable geometry of the turbine, and fault in rotational speed sensor. Two different strategies for developing a Fault Detection and Isolation algorithm (FDD were proposed : The first one based on the adaptive training theory of an on line non linear observer with sliding mode. The second one based on the theory of Gain Schedule Control operated on a Takagi-Sugeno model of the diesel. Simulations with a nonlinear Diesel model in the presence of noise were carried out and which demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Simon, Isabelle. "Interet d'un nouveau systeme d'analyse de la ventilation dans la strategie diagnostique du syndrome d'apnees du sommeil". Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE1064.
Texto completoMorice, Vincent. "Saga : un generateur temporel de plans pour la recherche diagnostique". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066426.
Texto completoRilliard, Albert. "Vers une mesure de l'intelligibilité linguistique de la prosodie : évaluation diagnostique des prosodies synthétique et naturelle". Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0156.
Texto completoMartel, Éric y Éric Martel. "Conception automatisée d'amorces et de sondes aux fins de diagnostic moléculaire". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22515.
Texto completoDes algorithmes de conception automatisée d’amorces PCR et de sondes d’hybridation aux fins de diagnostic moléculaire ont été créés et implémentés. La vitesse de recherche d’amorces PCR à la fois spécifiques, ubiquitaires et sensibles s’est avérée considérablement accrue par le calcul et l’emploi de consensus binaires d’alignements multiples de séquences d’ADN. La recherche de sondes d’hybridation spécifiques et l’analyse du potentiel d’hybridation en général entre deux séquences a été facilitée par la synthèse de données empiriques d’hybridation trouvées dans divers articles publiés. D’autres programmes servant à faciliter ou automatiser l’exécution de diverses tâches utiles ont également été créés. Tous les programmes résultants ont permis de valider les algorithmes créés et de confirmer leur utilité dans l’exécution des tâches désirées par les membres de l’équipe de recherche auxquels ils étaient prioritairement destinés.
Algorithms for automatic design of PCR primers and of hybridization probes for molecular diagnostics have been created and implemented. The search speed for PCR primers that were at the same time specific, ubiquitary and sensitive was greatly improved by both computation and use of binary consensus of multiple alignments of DNA sequences. The search for specific hybridization probes and also analysis of hybridization potential in general between two sequences was facilitated by synthesis of empirical data gathered from different published papers. Other software for facilitating or automating the execution of different useful tasks were also created. All resulting software allowed both for the validation of algorithms and for the confirmation of their usefullness in executing desired tasks by the members of the research team for which they were written in the first place.
Algorithms for automatic design of PCR primers and of hybridization probes for molecular diagnostics have been created and implemented. The search speed for PCR primers that were at the same time specific, ubiquitary and sensitive was greatly improved by both computation and use of binary consensus of multiple alignments of DNA sequences. The search for specific hybridization probes and also analysis of hybridization potential in general between two sequences was facilitated by synthesis of empirical data gathered from different published papers. Other software for facilitating or automating the execution of different useful tasks were also created. All resulting software allowed both for the validation of algorithms and for the confirmation of their usefullness in executing desired tasks by the members of the research team for which they were written in the first place.
Leclerc, Sarah Marie-Solveig. "Automatisation de la segmentation sémantique de structures cardiaques en imagerie ultrasonore par apprentissage supervisé". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI121.
Texto completoThe analysis of medical images plays a critical role in cardiology. Ultrasound imaging, as a real-time, low cost and bed side applicable modality, is nowadays the most commonly used image modality to monitor patient status and perform clinical cardiac diagnosis. However, the semantic segmentation (i.e the accurate delineation and identification) of heart structures is a difficult task due to the low quality of ultrasound images, characterized in particular by the lack of clear boundaries. To compensate for missing information, the best performing methods before this thesis relied on the integration of prior information on cardiac shape or motion, which in turns reduced the adaptability of the corresponding methods. Furthermore, such approaches require man- ual identifications of key points to be adapted to a given image, which makes the full process difficult to reproduce. In this thesis, we propose several original fully-automatic algorithms for the semantic segmentation of echocardiographic images based on supervised learning ap- proaches, where the resolution of the problem is automatically set up using data previously analyzed by trained cardiologists. From the design of a dedicated dataset and evaluation platform, we prove in this project the clinical applicability of fully-automatic supervised learning methods, in particular deep learning methods, as well as the possibility to improve the robustness by incorporating in the full process the prior automatic detection of regions of interest
Karboub, Kaouter. "Contribution à l'amélioration des performances des services médicaux urgents appliquant l'IoT et l'intelligence artificielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0093.
Texto completoInternet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)are two advancing technological areas utilizing the capabilities of performing hands free tasks and intelligent data analysis. These technologies are showing promising potentials of improving the Human-to-Machine interactions in clinical workflow, create a better foundation of clinical decision-making, and improve the accessibility of clinical data. The novel aspect, rapid advancement, and new application possibilities of IoT and AI are in the initial phases. Hence, the thesis research has the objectives of identifying and investigating the potential, challenges, and possibilities of using IoT and AI to assess clinical settings.From the other hand, Various organizations claim that increasing attention should be put on an efficient use of healthcare resources. The internationally rising life expectancy and population size is accompanied by hospitals that are relying more on short admissions, and thus on limited bed capacity. The international World Health Report published by the World Health Organization shows that 20-40% of all healthcare resources are not being sufficiently utilized. Thus, tools that benefit an efficient healthcare system is greatly relevant to the present society. The goal of this thesis is to expand methods in the field of IoT and AI and modeling and optimization to hospital patient flow with a view to provide management and planners with a range of decision tools for improving the utilization of hospital resources. We elaborate on several relevant hospital optimization problems which relate to decision making on both the strategic, tactical and operational level. In addition, we focus on various types of patient flow, from inpatient to outpatient admissions, which has led to many different research studies. Methodologically we mainly focus on evaluating the different instances of patient flow but specifically on patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) based on Markov chain modeling.Mainly, the focus was on separating the patient stay in the hospital into three main phases. Each phase in an interdependent, time varying and function of the other phase. The core of the contribution is to assess and give every step of the process of admitting, treating, and discharging patients with solutions that can help physicians take decisions in short time but also take them efficiently. These techniques used IoT in order to collect electrocardiogram signals (ECG) from patients with different CVD pathologies and to transfer these data into a platform that can preprocess it and store it. AI that is used to automatically classify these signals along with three MIT dataset and decide which patients have cardiovascular diseases with no physician intervention. Then AI was used to efficiently predict which patients need to be discharged based on their epidemiological, physiological signals and characteristics and also based on their Length of Stay (LOS) and on their admission and transfer history. Finally, comes the role of using metaheuristic optimization. This last one, into account the admission, treatment trajectory and first survival analysis of these patients to decide which patients will be allocated to a bed in which ward mainly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).The proposed system for studying and optimizing the patients flow in a health care facility show high performance based on the different performance metrics we are using in this research project
Le, Tan. "Intégration de l'inférence abductive et inductive pour la représentation des connaissances dans les réseaux de gènes". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2337/.
Texto completoDiagnostic reasoning (abductive) and predictive reasoning (inductive) are two methods of reasoning that enable the discovery of new knowledge. When abductive reasoning is the process of finding the best explanation (hypothesis) for a set of observations (Josephson, 1994), the inductive reasoning is the process of predicting, from a set of observations, to find all possible results. These observations may be symptoms of a patient, experiments on genomic and metabolic networks, etc. In this PhD thesis, we are interested in the representation, analysis and synthesis of genomic signaling networks using hypothetical logic. In fact, this thesis focuses on modeling of signaling pathways in response to the DNA double stranded break. To implement the abduction, we use algorithms of production. Then, the default logic is used to build models of minimum representation. These algorithms are proven knowledge discovery on the map of DNA double-strand break. This map is minimal as biological causality graph and allows integrating bio-molecular data
Le, Tan. "Intégration de l'inférence abductive et inductive pour la représentation des connaissances dans les réseaux de gènes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996894.
Texto completoBrisse, Hervé. "Radioprotection en scanographie chez l'enfant : évaluation et optimisation des doses délivrées lors des examens multicoupes, impact du contrôle automatique d'exposition et proposition de niveaux de référence diagnostiques pédiatriques". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T043.
Texto completoDurepos, Suzanne. "Une étude des processus cognitifs automatiques et contrôlés, de la modalité mnémonique et des niveaux d'encodage chez les garçons diagnostiques du Trouble déficit de l'attention/hyperactivité". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/MQ33873.pdf.
Texto completoYang, Yu-Fang. "Contribution des caractéristiques diagnostiques dans la reconnaissance des expressions faciales émotionnelles : une approche neurocognitive alliant oculométrie et électroencéphalographie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS099/document.
Texto completoProficient recognition of facial expression is crucial for social interaction. Behaviour, event-related potentials (ERPs), and eye-tracking techniques can be used to investigate the underlying brain mechanisms supporting this seemingly effortless processing of facial expression. Facial expression recognition involves not only the extraction of expressive information from diagnostic facial features, known as part-based processing, but also the integration of featural information, known as configural processing. Despite the critical role of diagnostic features in emotion recognition and extensive research in this area, it is still not known how the brain decodes configural information in terms of emotion recognition. The complexity of facial information integration becomes evident when comparing performance between healthy subjects and individuals with schizophrenia because those patients tend to process featural information on emotional faces. The different ways in examining faces possibly impact on social-cognitive ability in recognizing emotions. Therefore, this thesis investigates the role of diagnostic features and face configuration in the recognition of facial expression. In addition to behavior, we examined both the spatiotemporal dynamics of fixations using eye-tracking, and early neurocognitive sensitivity to face as indexed by the P100 and N170 ERP components. In order to address the questions, we built a new set of sketch face stimuli by transforming photographed faces from the Radboud Faces Database through the removal of facial texture and retaining only the diagnostic features (e.g., eyes, nose, mouth) with neutral and four facial expressions - anger, sadness, fear, happiness. Sketch faces supposedly impair configural processing in comparison with photographed faces, resulting in increased sensitivity to diagnostic features through part-based processing. The direct comparison of neurocognitive measures between sketch and photographed faces expressing basic emotions has never been tested. In this thesis, we examined (i) eye fixations as a function of stimulus type, and (ii) neuroelectric response to experimental manipulations such face inversion and deconfiguration. The use of these methods aimed to reveal which face processing drives emotion recognition and to establish neurocognitive markers of emotional sketch and photographed faces processing. Overall, the behavioral results showed that sketch faces convey sufficient expressive information (content of diagnostic features) as in photographed faces for emotion recognition. There was a clear emotion recognition advantage for happy expressions as compared to other emotions. In contrast, recognizing sad and angry faces was more difficult. Concomitantly, results of eye-tracking showed that participants employed more part-based processing on sketch and photographed faces during second fixation. The extracting information from the eyes is needed when the expression conveys more complex emotional information and when stimuli are impoverished (e.g., sketch). Using electroencephalographic (EEG), the P100 and N170 components are used to study the effect of stimulus type (sketch, photographed), orientation (inverted, upright), and deconfiguration, and possible interactions. Results also suggest that sketch faces evoked more part-based processing. The cues conveyed by diagnostic features might have been subjected to early processing, likely driven by low-level information during P100 time window, followed by a later decoding of facial structure and its emotional content in the N170 time window. In sum, this thesis helped elucidate elements of the debate about configural and part-based face processing for emotion recognition, and extend our current understanding of the role of diagnostic features and configural information during neurocognitive processing of facial expressions of emotion
Ishak, Dany. "La conception d'un système ultrasonore passif couche mince pour l'évaluation de l'état vibratoire des cordes vocales". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0043/document.
Texto completoIn this work, a speaker recognition approach using a contact microphone is developed and presented. The contact passive element is constructed from a piezoelectric material. In this context, the position of the piezoelectric transducer on the individual’s neck may greatly affect the quality of the collected signal and consequently the information extracted from it. Thus, the multilayered medium in which the sound propagates before being detected by the transducer is modeled. The best location on the individual’ neck to place a particular transducer element is determined by implementing Monte Carlo simulation techniques and consequently, the simulation results are verified using real experiments. The recognition is based on the signal generated from the vocal cords’ vibrations when an individual is speaking and not on the vocal signal at the output of the lips that is influenced by the resonances in the vocal tract. Therefore, due to the varying nature of the collected signal, the analysis was performed by applying the Short Term Fourier Transform technique to decompose the signal into its frequency components. These frequencies represent the vocal folds’ vibrations (50-1000 Hz). The features in terms of frequencies’ interval are extracted from the resulting spectrogram. Then, a 1-D vector is formed for identification purposes. The identification of the speaker is performed using two evaluation criteria, namely, the correlation similarity measure and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in conjunction with the Euclidean distance. The results show that a high percentage of recognition is achieved and the performance is much better than many existing techniques in the literature
Tripakis, Stavros. "L'analyse formelle des systèmes temporisés en pratique". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004907.
Texto completoDesmoulins, Cyrille. "Étude et réalisation d'un système tuteur pour la construction de figures géométriques". Phd thesis, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005086.
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