Tesis sobre el tema "DGT"
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Caillat, Amélie. "Evaluation de la biodisponibilité du cuivre dans des sédiments artificiels par des méthodes biologiques avec la plante aquatique Myriophyllum aquaticum (hydroponie, biotest normalisé et Rhizotest) et géochimiques (DGT)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4310.
Texto completoThe work carried out during this thesis aimed to assess the relevance of the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum to study the bioavailability of copper in sediments as well as the interest of the technique of diffusion gradient in thin film (DGT) as a biomimetic tool of this plant. A first experiment, performed with the plant M.aquaticum exposed according to the protocol of the standardized bioassay (as whorls) in an artificial sediment spiked with copper, showed that this bioassay appears to be a useful tool for assessing the toxicity of contaminated sediments copper. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between DGT measurements and bioaccumulation in the M.aquaticum plant. This is probably due to the exposure conditions of the plants. In fact, as the root development occurs during the experiment, the process of incorporating the metal into the plant is therefore not constant throughout the experiment.Following these results we conducted two other series of experiments (hydropony and Rhizotest) in which, plants were exposed following a modified protocol (plants having already developed roots before their exposure in the sediment). These experiments showed that the plant M.aquaticum is rather sensitive to copper and has a strong ability to accumulate it. Futhermore, the results have shown that the DGT technique seems to be a good biomimetic tool for this plant when it is exposed by roots because the plant uptake is limited by the capacity of the solid phase to replenish the metal in solution
Gregušová, Michaela. "Modifikace techniky difúzních gelů (DGT) pro charakterizaci přírodních systémů". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233319.
Texto completoPedrobom, Jorge Henrique [UNESP]. "Especiação de urânio em águas tratada de drenagem ácida de mina usando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141920.
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Um dos fatores mais preocupantes na área de mineração de urânio é a drenagem ácida de mina (DAM), tal processo ocorre de maneira espontânea e descontrolada no complexo minério industrial de Poços de Caldas (CIPC). A DAM pode gerar espécies de urânio acima dos valores permitidos para lançamento em corpos hídricos. Durante o processo de DAM, o urânio, possivelmente, esta na forma de óxidos e hidróxidos de uranilo, ao atingir os corpos hídricos, sua forma pode mudar para espécies contendo grupos carbonato e sulfato. A concentração e labilidade dessas espécies são importantes para avaliação da biogeodisponibilidade do metal para o sistema aquático. A técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) tem sido utilizada para quantificação de metais na sua forma lábil e especiação de metais em diferentes tipos de amostra. Nesta pesquisa a técnica DGT foi utilizada em laboratório com diferentes fases ligantes para avaliar a aplicação em águas de DAM tratada e afluentes no entorno de mineração de urânio. A partir de imersões in situ, a técnica DGT foi utilizada juntamente com a técnica de extração em fase sólida (SPE) para avaliar a labilidade das espécies de urânio presente no sistema. Os resultados mostraram que grande parte do urânio presente nas amostras está na forma lábil. Por sua vez estes resultados se mostraram concordantes com a especiação via software MINTEQ. Por outro lado, os resultados obtidos pela SPE não foram concordantes com a técnica DGT, isso pode ser oriundo da saturação da fase ligante ou devido os diferentes tempos de residência dos íons nas diferentes técnicas.
One of the major concerns in uranium mining areas is the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). This process occurs spontaneously and uncontrollably in Poços de Caldas Ore Industrial Complex (CIPC). DAM can generate levels of uranium species higher than the maximum allowed values for water bodies discharge. During the DMA process, uranium is possibly in the form of uranyl oxides and hydroxides and after reaching water bodies, it changes to species which contain carbonate and sulfate groups. The determination of concentration and lability of these species is important to evaluate the metal biogeoavailability to the water system. The Diffusion Gradients in Thin Films Technique (DGT) has been used for the quantification of labile metals and their speciation in several types of sample. In this research, DGT technique was used in lab with different binding layers to evaluate its suitability to DAM waters and uranium mining surrounding tributaries. Therefore, the developed method was performed in situ along the solid phase extraction technique (SPE) to assess the lability of uranium species present in the system. The results obtained by DGT technique showed that a large part of the uranium present in the samples is its labile form. Also, these results were consistent with speciation via the MINTEQ software. Moreover the results obtained by SPE were not consistent with those from DGT technique, probably because of the saturation of the binding phase or due to the different residence times of ions in different techniques.
Panther, Jared Graeme. "Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films for Inorganic Arsenic Speciation and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with a Coupled Microcolumn for Trace Metal Speciation". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3675.
Texto completoEliasson, Anna. "En studie av egenskaperna hos biokol som adsorberande agent i o‐DGTanordningar". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12669.
Texto completoA new complex aspect in the matter of water quality is the occurrence of emerging organicpollutants and contaminants in waste water. The currently low extent to which treatment ofwaste water is performed in Brazil, and in the world as a whole, there is a considerable needfor development of cheap and accurate in‐situ sampling methods for far‐reaching studies ofsurface water quality. The lack of such methods today makes the maintenance andestablishing of sanitary safety difficult. This diploma work gives a brief introduction to thebasic principles of the passive sampling method known as Diffusive Gradient in Thin‐films(DGT). A method that could be useful for such monitoring of quality in water bodies worldwide.The aim of this study is to develop a method, for the detection of organic emerging pollutantsand contaminants – i.e. compounds, which usually are present at very low concentrationswhen found in the environment as a result of human activity. More specifically, this workinvestigates the potential and usefulness of the application of DGT devices in detection oforganic compounds that can affect human health and ecosystems, even at lowconcentrations, however, their effects still are in need of further investigations.This study focuses on both purely technical as well as practical points of views. The efficiencyof organic DGT (o‐DGT) with biochar as the adsorbing agent is examined targeting thedetection of organic pollutants and contaminants in surface water. In this sense, the specificaim of the work is to evaluate the performance of biochar as adsorbing agent. This workshowed that the performance of biochar as the adsorbing agent in binding layers in o‐DGTsample devices can be considered as satisfactory since all compounds of interest in this studywas successfully detected, quantified an identified. Further investigations in the future areneeded to determine the effects of varying pH, temperature and ion concentration in thedeployment media, as well as the properties of the binding layer in relation to concentrationof biochar and the thickness of the layer. These in order to optimize the method for in‐situwater sampling, aiming conventional use of biochar as the adsorbing agent in the future.
Bretier, Marie. "Évaluation de la variabilité spatio-temporelle du mercure et de l'arsenic dans les eaux de surface par échantillonnage passif". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1073.
Texto completoDeveloped around 20 years ago, passive samplers are an alternative to discrete sampling. The sampling of contaminants is realized in-situ and allows to integrate the contamination over the exposure period. Passive samplers have the advantage to lower the quantification limits, to avoid matrix effects during the analysis and to facilitate the sample preservation. For metals, DGT is the most employed technique and allow in its classic configuration to sample cationic metals. These tools were adapted in order to sample mercury and arsenic. Nevertheless, the chemical forms of these contaminants influence their toxicity and their bioavailability which have to be taken into account when characterizing the exposition of aquatic environments. Thus, this thesis aimed to: i) develop and validate, in the laboratory, DGT techniques for the measurement of arsenic and mercury chemical speciation in freshwaters; ii) assess the spatio-temporal variability of mercury and arsenic concentrations and their chemical speciation at different scales in surface freshwaters by passive sampling. Arsenic speciation (AsIII + AsV) with a unique DGT could not be assessed according to the usual procedure since arsenic elution from ferrihydrite binging gel cause an oxidation of AsIII to AsV and therefore a loss of information on the speciation. The setting up of screening plans allowed to optimize this elution step and to elute 22 and 32% AsIII and AsV, respectively, from the ferrihydrite binding gel, with ammonium dihydrogenophosphate (NH4H2PO4) 0.5 M at 75°C with a conversion of 30% of AsIII to AsV. Through the use of corrective factors, AsIII and AsV could be monitored from 0.24 et 0.33 μg.L-1 in average on the exposure period for DGT (7 days) in surface freshwaters at 20°C. For the monitoring of mercury speciation (HgII + MeHg) with a unique DGT, the analysis step proved to be problematic since it necessitates to adapt double isotopic dilution technique for the DGT. While MeHg could be measured by DGT from 0.08 ng.L-1 in surface freshwaters, laboratory tests have highlighted specific difficulties in the measurement of HgII certainly in relation to 3M binding gel properties that could not be identified during this thesis. DGT were then applied in-situ in 4 different contexts in order to evaluate their relevance for integrating spatio-temporal variations of metals concentrations. First, during dam flushing operations on the Rhône River during ~15 days, we have showed that DGT were highly representative of the dynamic of metals concentrations and As speciation in comparison with discrete sampling, notably integrating the increase of Mn, Ni, Co and As (AsIII and then AsV) dissolved concentrations. Then, the use of DGT on the Gier and Deûle sites for the monitoring of mercury speciation have evidenced the consistency between mercury and methylmercury concentrations measured by passive and discrete sampling measurements in dynamic surface freshwaters from weekly to annual scales. Nevertheless, in environmental conditions which favor dissolved gaseous mercury production, Hg concentrations estimated by DGT would be overestimated as a reason of an uptake of these mercury chemical forms by DGT, necessitating to interpret the results with caution. Finally, DGT applications on the Rapel lake watershed in Chile have highlighted DGT capacity to identify the spatial variation of contamination as well as DGT relevance to integrate temporal variations of Hg concentrations linked with hydropower production plant operations
Finsterlová, Hana. "Studium vlastností sorpčních gelů pro stanovení rtuti technikou DGT". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216541.
Texto completoPerez, Magali. "Développement de capteurs passifs pour le diagnostic et la gestion environnementale du cuivre en zone viticole". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3026/document.
Texto completoRepeated use of copper in Bordeaux mixture to fight against mildew has led to an accumulation of this metal in the vineyard soils. To assess the impact of this pollution, the quantification of this element in the soil is essential and more precisely the quantification of the bioavailable fraction which give an indication of the copper toxicity. For that, the passive samplers appear as reliable and efficient tools. However, due to diffusion principles which control the uptake by passive samplers, an optimization of the geometry seems to be necessary and induced this study through the development of a new passive sampler: the DMG (Diffusive MilliGels). The synthesis by millifluidic process confers a unique geometry; DMG are composed of ellipsoidal beads of around 1 mm diameter. First of all, their physico-chemical parameters were characterized and analytical methods and the exposure time were optimized as well. DMG were then tested for an environmental application and their ability to sample the labile fraction of copper was thus demonstrated. Namely, analysis of freshwater by DMG allowed highlighting the influence of organic matter on the fraction retained by this passive sampler and their ability to evaluate the copper toxicity was confirmed. For that, a living organisms Ceriodaphnia dubia was exposed in the same condition during a comparative ecotoxicological study. Moreover, the comparison between DMG, DGT and a Chelex column method showed the advantages of our developed method particularly for in situ application. Finally, a series of experiments on vineyard soils was performed to reveal the abilities of DMG in copper sampling in this complex matrix
Jiménez, Piedrahita Martín Emilio. "Interpreting DGT measurements beyond steady-state and perfect-sink conditions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405372.
Texto completoDiffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) technique allows studies of the availability of chemicals in waters by the deployment of DGT devices, which accumulate the target analytes for a known period of time. Physico-chemical models that consider the reactions and transport of species inside the device for the interpretation of the accumulations are developed in this thesis. Special attention is devoted to the electrostatic effects arising at low ionic strength (in the typical range of freshwaters) between metal cations or charged complexes and the resin sites. Influence of territorial binding in the resin disc and dependence of the kinetic rate constants on the ionic strength is explicitly considered. A simulation tool based on solving the Nernst-Plack equations is developped to reproduce the experimental aumulations of Mg and Mn, as well as to check the accuracy of some approximate analytical expressions here reported. Cases where the effective capacity or competition effects are relevant are also considered in this work.
La técnica analítica llamada Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) permite estudiar la disponibilidad de contaminantes y nutrientes en aguas. Los dispositivos DGT se depositan en el medio para que acumulen el analito durante un período de tiempo determinado. En esta tesis se desarrollan modelos fisicoquímicos que consideran las reacciones y el transporte de especies dentro del dispositivo para la interpretación de las acumulaciones. Se presta especial atención a los efectos electrostáticos que se producen entre cationes metálicos o complejos cargados y los sitios de resina, para fuerzas iónicas en el rango de las aguas dulces. Se considera explícitamente la influencia del enlace territorial en el disco de resina y la dependencia de las constantes cinéticas de asociación y disociación con la fuerza iónica. Se desarrolla una herramienta de simulación basada en la resolución de las ecuaciones de Nernst-Plack para reproducir las acumulaciones experimentales de Mg y Mn, así como para comprobar la exactitud de algunas expresiones analíticas aproximadas presentadas en este trabajo. También se consideran situaciones en las cuales los efectos de equilibrio y competición son relevantes.
Habartová, Aneta. "Stanovení mikroprvků v mléce pomocí ICP-OES po extrakci technikou DGT". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433555.
Texto completoUribe, Kaffure Ramiro. "Availability of Metal Cations in Aquatic Systems from DGT Measurements". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94522.
Texto completoUn Análisis detallado de las características dinámicas de los sensores (DGT), nos indica que la penetración de los complejos en la capa de resina aumenta dramáticamente su labilidad. Aquí, presentamos expresiones analíticas aproximadas para calcular el flujo de metal, el grado de labilidad y los perfiles de concentración en un DGT, cuando se considera que los complejos pueden penetrar en la resina. La acumulación experimental de Cd en sensores DGT en el sistema Cd-NTA, confirma los análisis teóricos.
Our analysis of the dynamic features of (DGT) devices indicates that the penetration of complexes into the resin layer dramatically increases their lability. We report approximate analytical expressions for the metal flux, the lability degree and the concentration profiles in a DGT when complexes penetration is considered. The experimental accumulation of Cd by DGT sensors in Cd-NTA systems confirmed these theoretical analyses.
Altier, Infantes Alexandra. "Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) beyond perfect-sink conditions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/585874.
Texto completoLa presencia de elementos metálicos en el medio ambiente está fuertemente influenciada por actividades antropogénicas entre las que emerge el uso de nuevos materiales basados en nanopartículas metálicas y óxidos metálicos. La disponibilidad de elementos metálicos y sus propiedades tóxicas o nutritivas están determinadas por un conjunto de procesos físico-químicos de carácter dinámico, donde la especiación en condiciones de equilibrio, a pesar de su amplio uso, representa sólo un caso límite. La finalidad de este trabajo ha sido la medida de los flujos de metales disponibles a diferentes escalas de tiempo y espacio mediante la técnica analítica dinámica DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films) así como el desarrollo de modelos fisicoquímicos adecuados para la interpretación de los resultados. El marco interpretativo de los resultados DGT se ha completado con la inclusión de efectos escasamente descritos en la literatura reciente, tales como la influencia de los efectos de competición, equilibrio o saturación de la resina además de la relevancia de los fenómenos electrostáticos a bajas fuerzas iónicas. Se presenta el análisis de estos fenómenos, con expresiones analíticas aproximadas deducidas a partir de la formulación del problema y se aplican a sistemas experimentales para observar la validez de dichas aproximaciones. Una vez abordado el trabajo de sistemas simples con sólo iones metálicos, se han estudiado sistemas con un único ligando y sistemas con mezclas de ligandos. Con estos sistemas se ha analizado hasta qué punto la contribución de los complejos a la disponibilidad depende de la composición del sistema, corroborándose que medidas del grado de labilidad en sistemas con un único complejo pueden predecir el flujo en las mezclas. Se reportan los mecanismos fisicoquímicos que describen la influencia del efecto mezcla sobre el grado de labilidad de un complejo determinado. Debido a las variaciones espaciales y temporales que pueden sufrir los iones metálicos en aguas naturales, la última parte del estudio se ha centrado en evaluar la capacidad de respuesta de la técnica DGT para medir fluctuaciones en la concentración. Este estudio ha demostrado que además de proporcionar concentraciones promediadas con el tiempo en condiciones relativamente simples, esta técnica es capaz de determinar concentraciones representativas en una amplia gama de condiciones naturales.
The presence of heavy metals in the environment is strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities due to the emerging use of new materials based on metallic nanoparticles or metal oxides. The speciation of metal ions plays a fundamental role in the determination of bioavailability, ecotoxicity and in general in its circulation in natural media. The availability of metal ions and their toxic or nutritive properties are determined by a set of physical-chemical processes, where equilibrium conditions, despite its widespread use, only represent a limiting case. The aim of this work was to measure the flux of available metals at different time and space scales through the dynamic analytical technique DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films). The interpretative framework of the DGT results has also been completed with the inclusion of effects scarcely described in the recent literature, such as the influence of competition, saturation of the resin sites, kinetic effects in the binding of the target analyte to the resin domain or the relevance of electrostatic phenomena at low ionic strengths. Approximate analytical expressions were deduced from the basic formulation and applied to experimental systems to check the agreement with the experimental accumulations. Once the study of simple systems with only metal ions has been addressed, systems with a single ligand or systems with a mixture of complexes have been studied. These systems were analyzed to test if the composition of the system modifies the availability of the complexes. As a conclusion of this work, it was shown that the lability degree of complexes measured in single ligand systems can be used to approximately predict the accumulation in mixtures. A physicochemical explanation of the mechanism by which the lability of a complex changes in a mixture was reported. Since spatial and temporal variations in metal concentrations are common in natural waters, the last part of this study has focused on the assessment of the response capabilities of the DGT technique to measure concentration fluctuations. This study has shown that besides it provides time-weighted average concentrations over time for relatively simple conditions, this technique is able to determine accurate and representative metal concentrations in a wide range of natural conditions.
Yabuki, Lauren Nozomi Marques [UNESP]. "Utilização de novos agentes ligantes obtidos a partir de biomassas para determinação de íons metálicos por meio de técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150678.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) tem se consolidado como uma excelente ferramenta analítica capaz de fornecer concentrações lábeis por tempo, pré-concentração dos analitos e amostragem in situ, porém a aplicação desta técnica em águas de drenagem ácida de mina (DAM) é complicada devido à redução da adsorção do amostrador tradicional (resina ligante Chelex-100) para metais em baixo pH. Este estudo, avalia a utilização da técnica DGT para determinação das concentrações lábeis de Al, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb U e Zn em águas de DAM, empregando novos agentes ligantes preparados a partir de biomassas (cascas de banana, borra de café e sementes de moringa) impregnadas em agarose. As medições DGT foram realizadas em soluções padrão em laboratório e in situ. Resultados laboratoriais mostram que os agentes ligantes podem ser empregados em águas com pH baixo (pH 3,5) para os íons Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn. Já os íons Al, Mn e U não apresentaram linearidade nas curvas de imersão para nenhuma biomassa pesquisada. Para a análise de amostras in situ de DAM, houve baixas recuperações dos íons Cd, Cu, Ni e principalmente para Zn com 5,7% da fração solúvel com o gel de agarose-moringa, podendo indicar a baixa eficiência dos agentes ligantes ou algum efeito matriz inerente durante a determinação por ICP-OES. Por outro lado, houve recuperações satisfatórias para a imersão em amostras do Rio Corumbataí e do Rio Piracicaba, ressaltando o emprego destes agentes ligantes pesquisados em matrizes aquáticas diferentes das matrizes de DAM. Este estudo mostra que o uso da técnica DGT pode ser estendido para águas com pH baixo (desde que sejam avaliados as limitações e condições de contorno avaliadas neste estudo) podendo ser uma ferramenta útil para o monitoramento em tempo integrado de concentrações lábeis em diferentes sistemas aquáticos.
The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique has consolidated as an excellent analytical tool capable of providing labile concentrations by time, analytical preconcentration and in situ sampling, but the application of this technique in acid mine drainage waters (AMD) is limited by the reduction of adsorption of the traditional binding layer (Chelex-100 chelating resin) to metals at low pH. This study proposes the use of the DGT technique to determine the concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb U and Zn in AMD using new binding agents prepared from biomass (Musa cavendishi banana peel, spent coffee grounds and shelled Moringa Oleifera seeds) impregnated with agarose. DGT measurements were performed in laboratory standard solutions and in situ. Laboratory results showed that the binding agents can be used in waters with low pH (pH 3.5) for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Al, Mn and U ions did not present linearity in the deployment curves for any biomass studied. For the analysis of in situ AMD samples, there were low recoveries of the Cd, Cu, Ni, and mainly Zn ions with 5.7% of the soluble fraction with the agarose-moringa gel, indicating the low efficiency of the binding agents at low values pH or some inherent matrix effect during determination by ICP-OES. On the other hand, there were satisfactory recoveries for deployment in samples from the Corumbataí River and the Piracicaba River, highlighting the use of these binding layers in aquatic matrices other than AMD matrices. This study shows that the use of the DGT technique can be extended to waters with low pH (provided that the limitations and contour conditions evaluated in this study are evaluated) and can be a useful tool for the integrated time monitoring of labile concentrations in different aquatic systems.
CNPq: 142171/2014-0
Devillers, Delphine. "Fiabilisation de la quantification des éléments traces cationiques et anioniques par la technique d'échantillonnage DGT en milieu aquatique naturel". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0058/document.
Texto completoThe passive sampling DGT technique (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) has a lot of benefits (time-weighted average concentrations, low limits of quantification) and would therefore be a useful tool for monitoring studies to quantify trace elements in natural water. However, there are still some limitations and grey areas that put the brakes on the development of the method for regulatory applications. The aim of this work is to identify potential biases and contribute to increase the method reliability. This study shows that a minimized uncertainty on results can be obtained only if elution factors are experimentally determined; however, standard values of 0.8 for Cr(III) and 0.85 for Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) are suggested to reduce manipulations while keeping reasonable uncertainty (<10%). Studying the influence of fouling developed on DGT devices showed that the sorption of cations Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) had, respectively, a slight, moderate and strong impact on their accumulation in DGT samplers and therefore on their quantification. Samplers should then be deployed for less than one week. In contrast, fouling had a negligible impact on oxyanions As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(V) and Se(VI). Finally, a method was developed to simultaneously quantify both Cr oxidation states naturally occurring in natural waters, which are Cr(III), essential to life, and Cr(VI), toxic. Both forms are accumulated in a single DGT sampler before being selectively separated during an elution step. This method is robust for wide ranges of ionic strengths and sulfate concentrations but for a narrower range of pH (4 to 6)
Husson, Angélique. "Impact de la composition minéralogique des sédiments sur la biodisponibilité de l’Uranium ˸ Une approche intégrant laboratoire-terrain-bioindicateur-calcul de spéciation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM020.
Texto completoThe European Water Framework Directive introduced in 2000 has allowed to establish numerous quality environment standards for the last 18 years for compounds stemming from anthropic activity. However, the natural presence of uranium in the environment as well as itsreactivity complicates the construction of standards. The transfer of uranium betweensediment, water and the biological compartment is complex. Indeed, the passage of uranium through the cellular membrane can depend on the mineralogical composition as well as on the physico-chemical parameters. The objective of this study is to bring scientific foundationsaround these various parameters and hence to determine their impact on the accumulation.This way, the future definition of these new standards (NQE) takes into account the notion of bioavailability of contaminants. The strong impact of mineralogical phases such as ferrihydrite is both demonstrated in a post-mining context as well as within experiments in laboratory, as opposed to the quartz whose sorption capacity is low. A correlation is noted between the accumulation obtained by bioindicator “Chironomus riparius” and the one measured by a system of integrative passive sensors called DGT. This correlation is linked to the presence of potentially bioavailable species such as UO2OH2(aq), whose abundance is obtained by speciation calculations. These first conclusions give scientific foundations to feed the debate around the construction of the environment quality standards
Andrade, Carlos Francisco Ferreira de. "Avaliação in situ da especiação de metais no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos utilizando o sistema DGT". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2005. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/3525.
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A cidade de Rio Grande, localizada às margens do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, possui uma intensa atividade portuária e industrial, fatores que promoveram nas últimas décadas, alterações significativas nas paisagens e na degradação dos recursos hídricos, incluindo a contaminação por nutrientes e por metais. Por ser um estuário semi-fechado, possui uma alta taxa hidrodinâmica, condicionada principalmente pela força e direção dos ventos. Os ciclos biogeoquímicos naturais dos metais na coluna dágua, podem ser alterados devido ao lançamento de metais oriundos das atividades humanas. Alterações na fração dos metais podem ocasionar uma maior biodisponibilidade destes elementos para os organismos. A determinação das espécies de metais biodisponíveis (lábil) por técnicas instrumentais ou analíticas, possuem implicações quanto à obtenção da concentração representativa do meio, por estar sujeita a erros de amostragem e preparo das amostras. Com o desenvolvimento da técnica de gradiente difusivo de membranas (DGT), obtem-se a concentração da fração lábil in situ em distintos ambientes sob diversas condições de pH, temperatura e salinidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar e aplicar a técnica DGT, para o monitoramento e detecção da concentração de elementos traço em distintos locais da área estuarina da Lagoa dos Patos. Para avaliar a aplicabilidade da técnica para o estuário, foram considerados dois períodos de exposição do sistema DGT em três locais: um com pouca influência (Ilha dos Marinheiros - IM) e dois com maior influencia dos despejos industriais e urbanos (Capitania dos Portos - CP e Museu Oceanográfico - MO). Para o primeiro período de exposição (2, 6 e 10 dias) das unidades de DGT foram analisados Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn em DGT e água nos locais IM e CP. Para o segundo período de exposição (2, 4, 6 e 8 horas) DGT e água foram analisados para Cd, Cu, Pb e Zn no local MO em duas amostragens, uma com salinidade intermediária (MO1) e a outra com salinidade alta (MO2). Para ambos períodos de exposições, amostras de água analisadas para a fração lábil de metais com resina Chelex 100, demonstraram concentrações distintas em comparação ao DGT, evidenciando a diferença entre os dois métodos. Os resultados no DGT para o primeiro período de exposição (IM e CP) mostraram um decréscimo nas concentrações de todos os elementos, com o aumento do tempo de exposição. Isto provavelmente tenha ocorrido devido à baixa concentração de metais lábeis na água e/ou possível presença de biofilm nas unidades de DGT. Não foram reveladas concentrações significativas de Cu, Pb, Ni e Zn nos locais IM e CP. Para o segundo período de exposição, as concentrações de metais foram mais elevadas para Cd, Cu e Pb em alta salinidade (MO2), além de ter indicado aporte para este elementos no meio, quando comparado com outros estuários. Em conseqüência das variabilidades do estuário, conclui-se que uma resposta mais representativa para o sistema DGT, seria mantê-lo num período fixo de 8 a 48 horas em exposição no ambiente.
Rio Grande is a city located in the margin of the Patos Lagoon estuary and its maritime harbour and industries are very developed. During the last decades, these activities were responsible for many changes of the landscape and degradation of water resources, including contamination by nutrients and metals. This semi-closed estuary has a high hydrodynamic rate, which is determined manly by the wind direction and strength. The natural biochemical cycles of metals can be modified by discharge of metals originated by human activities. Changes in the metal fractions can lead to a higher bioavailability of these elements to the organisms. The determination of bioavailable (labile) metals by instrumental or analytical techniques can have implications on the representative environmental concentration, since errors during sample collection and preparation can occur. The development of the diffusive gradient thin-films (DGT) technique made possible the determination of labile metals in situ in distinct environments with different conditions of pH, temperature and salinity. The main objective of the present study is to apply and to evaluate the DGT technique, for the monitoring and detection of trace elements concentrations in different areas of the Patos Lagoon estuary. To evaluate the applicability of this technique to the estuary, two deployment periods of the DGT units were considered in three areas: one with low antropogenic influence (Ilha dos Marinheiros – IM) and two in high urban and industrial discharge areas (Capitania dos Portos – CP – and Museu Oceanográfico – MO). For the first period of the DGT deployment (2, 6 and 10 days) DGT and water samples were analyzed for Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn at the IM and CP sites. For the second deployment period (2, 4, 6 and 8 hours), Cd, Cu, Pb e Zn were analyzed for DGT and water samples were collected at the MO point, during two different conditions of salinity, one with intermediate values (MO1) and the other with high salinity (MO2). For both deployment periods, water samples analyzed for labile fraction with Chelex-100 resin showed distinct concentrations, when compared with the DGT, indicating differences between the two methods. The DGT results showed for the first deployment period (IM and CP) a decrease with time in the concentration for all elements. Probably this had occurred due to variations on the labile form of the metals and/or the presence of biofilm. No significant differences were found in the concentration of Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn between IM and CP sites. For the second deployment period, trace metal concentrations showed higher values for Cd, Cu and Pb during high salinity (MO2) condition, as well as indicating input of these elements in the surroundings when compared with other estuaries. As a consequence of variability’s in the estuary, it can be concluded that for a more representative result of the DGT units, these should be deployed during 8 to 48h on a fixed period in the environment.
Nia, Yacine. "Utilisation d'un échantillonneur passif (DGT) pour l'évaluation de la remobilisation des métaux dans les sédiments : expérimentation et modélisation". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30048.
Texto completoEvaluation of the mobility and bioavailability of metals associated to sediments have an important economic issue for the management of contaminated sites. Therefore, environmental, economic and regulation issues require to have access to a robust methodologies for environmental risk assessment of contaminated sediments. In this work, we developed a new approach for assessing the transport and mobility of metals in sediments. Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) is a dynamic in-situ measuring technique that assesses the kinetics of metal resupply from the solid phase to the pore water. In this study, an original model for the interpretation of DGT experimental kinetics in sediments called DGT-PROFS model was developed. It allow to quantify metal partitioning between two particulate pools, describing weak and strong interactions with metals. The relevance of the DGT / DGT-PROFS approach was evaluated in a variety of formulated sediments that differed in the presence or not of humic acids (HA) and/or iron hydroxides (i.e., goethite and ferrihydrite). The impact of the time after contamination of the solid phase (aging effect) was also evaluated. Also, this approach allows to evaluate the effect of these parameters on the remobilization of metals in sediments. The results showed that sediments capacity to release metals depends strongly on the pH, HA and the age of the contamination. Results interpretation by DGT-PROFS model show that in the presence of HA and absence of iron hydroxides, Cd is mainly associated with weak sites, while Cu is bound to strong sites. Similarly, in the presence of both iron hydroxides and HA, Cu appeared to be more heavily associated with the strong sites than did Cd. When the incubation time increased from 8 to 190 days, a proportion of Cd initially adsorbed onto weak sites transferred to the strong sites, suggesting that the adsorption of Cd on sediments is partially controlled by slow kinetic processes. The complementarity of these tools (DGT device and DGT-PROFS model) was then evaluated on natural sediments from different regions of France, and having contamination levels of Cd, Ni, Pb and Mn very contrasting
Eliasson, Anna. "A study of the performance of biochar as adsorbing agent in o‐DGT devices". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12793.
Texto completoHagen, Sarah. "Entwicklung einer DGT-Methode zur Erfassung von anionischen Metallkomplexen in Gewässern /". Sion, 2007. http://doc.rero.ch/record/10779?ln=fr.
Texto completoFauvelle, Vincent. "Evaluation de la contamination en pesticides des tributaires du Bassin d’Arcachon et développement d’un échantillonneur passif spécifique des herbicides anioniques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14715/document.
Texto completoFrom the early 2000s, the Arcachon Bay suffers from environmental crises that have led to the decline of the Zostera spp. meadows, and to the episodic mortality of oysters spats. Therefore, the toxic pressure (including pesticides) has been questioned, and several environmental monitoring programs have been established since 2005. This new monitoring program consisted to expand the range of monitored compounds (including acidic herbicides), to use POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) for the passive sampling of polar compounds, and to monitor continuously the main Arcachon Bay tributaries for nearly two years. Because of the inadequacy of POCIS (and other devices currently available), a monthly grab sampling strategy has been implemented for the monitoring of acidic herbicides. The highlighting of the predominance of the acidic metabolites of chloroacetanilides in the Arcachon Bay tributaries has been a major advance in the characterization of the toxic pressure, and pointed out, otherwise, the needs for a specific passive sampling tool for these contaminants. Therefore, several passive samplers have been developed, based on existing devices (POCIS and Diffusive Gradient in Thin-film). The integrative behaviour of the samplers has been first optimized by adapting the geometry (exposure surface area, and amount of receiving phase), or by changing the nature of the receiving phase. Then, the quantitative behaviour has been improved by adapting the PRC (performance and reference compound) approach, or using a diffusive gel
Kane, David. "Evaluating phosphorus availability in soils receiving organic amendment application using the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8001.
Texto completoBořek, Tomáš. "Toxické kovy ve vodě a sedimentech vodní nádrže Brno". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216543.
Texto completoLehto, Niklas J. "Developing a theoretical base for interpreting DGT measurements of bioavailability and lability". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441792.
Texto completoSzkandera, Roman. "Testování modifikovaných sorbetů Iontosorb pro užití v technice difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu (DGT)". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216360.
Texto completoGuibal, Robin. "Adaptation du DGT et fiabilisation du POCIS pour le suivi des pesticides et résidus de médicaments dans les eaux de surfaces". Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0107/document.
Texto completoPassive samplers, such as POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) or o-DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin films for organic compounds), allow to estimate surface water contamination by organic micropollutants. However, these devices are influenced by environmental conditions and quantification error can occur. A better knowledge of passive sampling data was therefore essential before the samplers’ application on headwater streams. An innovative sampler, using DGT technique, has been developed and tested on 4 ionic pesticides. The sampler is robust in a pH range from 3 to 8 and an ionic strength range from 0,01 to 1 mol.L-1, which allows to use it in the most of natural waters. Field deployments of POCIS alongside o-DGT in natural waters and in an artificial river made it possible to compare their performances. POCIS with lower limits of quantification was the most suitable sampler for monitoring organic compounds in headwater stream. A release of polyethylene glycol from membranes used in POCIS causing matrix effects was removed by two successive baths of 1h of a 50:50 mix of methanol:water followed by a rinsing bath of water. Quantification is achieved through sampling rates (Rs) estimated under revelant conditions. Rs of 44 pharmaceuticals were estimated in an artificial river. After these steps, POCIS was applied in two headwater streams for 1 and 3 years on Aixette and Auvézère, respectively. Grab samples were also collected and pollution peaks of pesticides were detected (> 2,3 g.L-1). These “semi-continuous” monitorings highlighted a pollution of headwater streams by pesticides and pharmaceuticals
Chostak, Cristiano Luiz. "Dispositivos DGT modificados com materiais alternativos para uso na especiação de elementos traço". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/36574.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. Defesa: Curitiba, 28/03/2014
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Resumo: A técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) permite a determinação in situ de espécies químicas lábeis em águas naturais, solos e sedimentos. A sua aplicação é realizada com o uso de dispositivos compostos por uma fase difusiva (hidrogel), na qual são difundidas as espécies químicas lábeis e uma fase de ligação (Chelex-100), onde as espécies são acumuladas. Neste trabalho foi investigado o uso do argilomineral montmorilonita (MT-K10) imobilizado em agarose como fase sorvente nos dispositivos DGT, e a própria agarose como fase difusiva. Observou-se uma sorção média de 80% para as espécies metálicas Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ e Ni2+, e a dessorção variou de 74% (Zn) a 90% (Pb e Cr). O fator de eluição estimado para a fase sorvente ficou de 0,74 (Zn) a 0,90 (Pb e Cr). Para a agarose foram encontrados coeficientes de difusão na faixa de 4,08 10-6 cm2 s-1 (Cr) a 5,77 10-6 cm2 s-1 (Pb) a 20 °C. Observou-se também uma acumulação linear das massas das espécies investigadas em função do tempo de exposição, evidenciando um comportamento como descrito pela primeira lei de difusão de Fick, sendo obtidos coeficientes de correlação que variaram entre 0,995 (Zn) e 0,999 (Cr, Ni e Pb). Em estudo de recuperação das espécies metálicas com o dispositivo proposto foram encontrados valores de 97% (Cd) a 102% (Mn e Zn). A aplicação do dispositivo modificado na determinação de espécies metálicas lábeis em amostra de água do Rio Itajaí-Açu gerou resultados satisfatórios, principalmente quanto a labilidade dos mesmos, o que evidencia que o dispositivo modificado pode vir a ser usado como uma ferramenta analítica para determinações in situ em águas naturais. Palavras-chave: Montmorilonita imobilizada, Agarose, Espécies lábeis.
Abstract: The technique of diffusion gradients in thin films (DGT) enables in situ determination of labile chemical species in natural waters, soils and sediments. Its application is carried out with the use of devices comprising a diffusive phase (hydrogel), in which labile chemical species are diffused and a binding phase (Chelex -100), where the species are accumulated. In this work we investigated the use of the clay mineral montmorillonite (MT-K10) immobilized on agarose as a sorbent phase in DGT devices, and the agarose itself as diffusive phase. There was an average sorption of 80% for the metallic species Zn2+ , Cu2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+, and desorption ranged from 74% (Zn) to 90% (Pb and Cr). The estimate for the sorbent phase elution factor was 0.74 (Zn) and 0.90 (Pb and Cr).. For agarose the diffusion coefficients were found in the range of 4.08 10-6 cm2 s-1 (Cr) to 5.77 10-6 cm2 s-1 (Pb). We also observed a linear accumulation of mass of the species investigated as a function of exposure time, showing a similar behavior as described by Fick's first law of diffusion, having been obtained correlation coefficients ranging from 0.995 (Zn) and 0.999 ( Cr, Ni and Pb ). In a study of recovery of metal species with the proposed device, values of 97% (Cd) to 102% (Mn and Zn) were found. The application of the modified device in the determination of labile metal species in a sample of natural water from the Itajaí-Açu river generated satisfactory results, especially regarding the lability of the species, which shows that the modified device may be used as an analytical tool for determinations in situ in natural waters. Keywords: Immobilized Montmorillonite, agarose, labile species
Szkandera, Roman. "Vývoj techniky difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu (DGT) pro stanoveni rtuti ve vodných systémech". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233340.
Texto completoTrávníčková, Jana. "Transport kovů v systému půda/rostlina. Porovnání metody aktivního a pasivního vzorkování (Technika difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu)". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233341.
Texto completoJabbar, Rawaa Abdullatif Abdul. "Using the DGT to investigate the soil chemistry of P and Cd in sandy loam soil after the application of phosphorus fertilizers". Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/386826.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Cesbron, Florian. "Influence de l'herbier de Zostera noltei sur la méiofaune benthique et la géochimie de sédiments intertidaux du Bassin d'Arcachon". Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0052/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aimed to study the geochemical microenvironments created by Zostera noltei meadows and its root system in Arcachon Basin and to evaluate the effect of these microenvironments 1) on living benthic foraminifera ecology, a group of organisms present in large densities in sediment which impact on marine biogeochemical cycles remain poorly known and 2) on the chemical species and associated benthic fluxes. To fulfill these objectives, a multidisciplinary strategy was developed. The study of benthic foraminiferal ecology at centimeter scale, conducted in sediments with or without vegetation in February and July 2011, has shown the presence of three major species with specific metabolisms. Zostera noltei meadows seem to influence the densities and the living depth of heterotrophic (Ammonia tepida) and mixotrophic (Haynesina germanica) calcareous species, present in the sediment surface. The third species (Eggerella Scabra), which anaerobic metabolism is still to discover, is found throughout the sedimentary column and seems to prefer the organic matter coming from the degradation of the seagrass. In surface sediment, the contribution of these three species to aerobic remineralization was estimated at 7%, i.e. 5 times more than the maximum rates previously recorded in marine environments. The presence of the seagrass also influences geochemistry where enriched iron and depleted sulfide structures are observable in 2D thanks to DET-DGT gels developed here. Dissolved phosphorus depended on seagrass uptake and was highly concentrated only as scattered spots. A slice of sediment, taken face to face with the DET-DGT gel, was also conducted during this study aiming to map the solid phase and foraminiferal density. Despite this work is still in progress, methods such as X-ray microfluorescence and microtomography showed promising perspectives. New research pathways have been opened through technological developments and innovative approaches combining physiology, ecology, and geochemistry
Österlund, Helene. "Applications of the DGT technique for measurements of anions and cations in natural waters". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16785.
Texto completoGodkänd; 2010; 20100517 (helost); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Tillämpad geologi/Applied Geology Examinator: Professor Johan Ingri, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Docent Per Andersson, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet Tid: Fredag den 18 juni 2010 kl 10.00 Plats: F341, Luleå tekniska universitet
Němec, Tomáš. "Formy vybraných kovů ve vodních systémech". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216358.
Texto completoPierdet, Manon. "Evolution spatiale et temporelle de la mobilité des contaminants organiques et inorganiques dans des sols viticoles contrastés". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0316.
Texto completoVines have always been present in Gironde but it was in the 19th century that viticulture saw its development. The discovery of Bordeaux mixture based on copper sulphate in 1885 and then the first organic substances around 1960 enabled viticulture to fight against vine diseases affecting production.With the intensive and repeated use of phytosanitary products, wine-growing soils have been and are subject to a strong anthropogenic input of organic and inorganic substances. The soil is the initial receptacle for the fallout, either direct or indirect, of phytosanitary products. As the soil is a living and complex matrix, the physicochemical and biological processes occurring there make the fate of these phytosanitary products still poorly understood in in-situ conditions and difficult to extrapolate to the large panel of these substances.The objective of this work is to better understand the in-situ dynamic of pesticides found in wine-growing soils subject to various phenomena that can lead to their transfer by highlighting three questions:How to explain the current surface contamination of soils?Is there a deep migration of contaminants and how to explain it?Is there a significant dynamic of pesticide dissipation in wine-growing soils that varies over time?These questions were explored on an experimental watershed of Blayais with pedological and chemical variability, from acidic to neutral soils conducive to transfers.Chapter 1 presents a broad characterization of the surface contamination of the soils of the experimental site. Out of 205 molecules and 4 metals sought, 63 molecules and copper were found with concentrations varying from 0.01 ng/g to 1170 ng/g for organics and ranging from 6 to 197 mg/kg for copper. The use-presence relationship made it possible to link the presence of each molecule to its past or present use and thus to establish an index of their persistence in soils. The increased persistence for some now banned molecules is also visible for molecules still in use.Chapter 2 focuses on the vertical mobility of these contaminants via a one-meter coring of soil. For copper, old use strongly marks the soils with a gradual incorporation up to 60 cm in depth with the years of wine use and a total stock of up to 1.8 tonnes of copper per hectare in the oldest plots. While few organic molecules exceed 45 cm in depth, some, current or past, such as triazines metabolites or fluopicolide can be found up to a minimum of 75 cm in depth in some sampled soils.Chapter 3 highlights these phenomena of vertical transfers on a smaller temporal scale and in-situ with the monitoring over one year of the outgoing flows of phytosanitary products via agricultural drainage, strongly linked to rainfall. In parallel, a temporal dynamic of soil-solution exchanges was also shown over a year of cultivation via the monitoring of both the soil solution and the soil. By comparing active-passive sampling, the hypothesis of an increase in the available fraction of copper at the end of winter when the mineralization resumes by the microbial communities of the soils is put forward. This dynamic is also visible for a large number of organic molecules present in solution throughout the year, even for metabolites of molecules not authorized for 15 years.These in-situ monitoring made it possible to identify the most persistent pesticides but also those presenting the highest risk of transfers either to aquatic ecosystems, or to non-target organisms in the soil, or to both, taking into account the temporal variability related to actual environmental condition
Forsberg, Jerry. "Trace metal speciation in fresh and brackish waters using ultrafiltration, DGT and transplanted aquatic moss /". Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/77.
Texto completoShuttleworth, Sarah M. "The application of gel-based sampling techniques (DET and DGT) to the measurement of sediment pore-water solutes at high (mm) spatial resolution". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369497.
Texto completoPommier, Anne-Lise. "Altérations de la diffusion et de la fixation des métaux/métalloïdes au sein d'un échantillonneur passif de type DGT, mécanismes et impacts sur les performances de quantification". Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0055.
Texto completoThe passive DGT sampling technique (Diffusive Gradient in Thin film) has been developed for over 20 years and seems to be reliable for metals/metalloids quantification in order to monitor water quality. To extend the sampling possibilities, the configuration of the DGT technique has undergone many modifications. The main modifications concerned the nature of the components of DGT device (binding phase and diffusive gel), the conditions (pH, ionic strength…) of exposure solution and the sampled elements. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the impact of extending the application of DGT devices on their quantification performance in two cases. The first corresponds to the selective sampling of SeIV by DGT with a binding phase that was previously validated for AsIII and SbIII. Although the selectivity of this system for SeIV could be demonstrated, the area of reliability of this device is proved to be very limited (pH ≤ 5; accumulated quantity ≤ 5 μg Se). Deficiency of the device comes from a reduction of bounded SeIV,subsequently resulting in its release from the device. The second case study concerns an extension of deployments to media with low ionic strengths (≤ 10-3 mol L-1) for two types of diffusive gels (polyacrylamide with agarose-derivative crosslinker and agarose). The low reliability of quantifications in these media, that is already identified in the literature for divalent cations, has been demonstrated for anions and trivalent cations. It has been experimentally highlighted that this low reliability is due to a Donnan effect. These two examples show that, for every extension of the application of DGT, the quantification reliability must always be checked for these new conditions. In both studied cases, the lack of reliability was explained by non-compliance with thefundamental hypotheses of the DGT operation
Eismann, Carlos Eduardo [UNESP]. "Avaliação in situ da biogeodisponibilidade de metais em área de mineração usando as técnicas de peixes transplantados e DGT". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152447.
Texto completoRejected by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br), reason: Prezado Carlos Eduardo Eismann, Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: - Capa - Faltou a capa no documento enviado. - Folha de Aprovação (faltou) Estes itens são elementos obrigatórios de acordo com as normas de trabalhos do seu Programa de Pós Graduação. Agradecemos a compreensão e aguardamos o envio do novo arquivo. Atenciosamente, Biblioteca Campus Rio Claro Repositório Institucional UNESP on 2018-01-08T18:12:45Z (GMT)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A toxicidade e biodisponibilidade dos metais presentes no ambiente estão diretamente relacionadas com as suas condições de especiação. A avaliação in situ da biogeodisponibilidade de metais é uma ferramenta importante na manutenção da qualidade ambiental dos sistemas aquáticos. A técnica DGT (do inglês Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films) e o uso de animais transplantados são capazes de fornecer informações desta natureza. As biodisponibilidades de Al, Fe, Mn e Zn em águas de três pontos no interior de uma área de mineração desativada no município de Caldas-MG, Brasil, foram avaliadas utilizando-se a técnica DGT e exemplares transplantados do peixe Oreochromis niloticus. As amostragens foram realizadas em períodos de 14, 28 e 42 dias. Foram utilizados dispositivos DGT com géis difusivos e restritivos e foram determinadas as concentrações de Al, Fe, Mn e Zn nos fígados, brânquias e músculos dos peixes após digestão ácida em microondas. As determinações das concentrações dos analitos nas amostras foram realizadas por Espectrometria de Emissão Óptica com Plasma acoplado Indutivamente (ICP-OES). A massa acumulada nos dispositivos com géis restritivos foi maior que com os géis difusivos, indicando uma possível contribuição da fração moderadamente lábil na massa acumulada nos dispositivos. Os resultados da DGT indicaram uma presença de concentrações muitos baixas de espécies orgânicas destes elementos em todos os pontos estudados. As maiores frações de Al, Fe, Mn e Zn foram identificadas nos pontos 014, 023, 023 e 041 respectivamente. O método proposto se mostrou satisfatório para determinar as concentrações de Al, Fe, Mn e Zn em todas as amostras dos tecidos de O. niloticus. Foram observados incrementos significativos nas concentrações de Mn e Zn nas brânquias dos exemplares transplantados quando comparados com aqueles não transplantados. As concentrações lábeis foram mais satisfatórias do que as concentrações dissolvidas em predizer a variabilidade espacial das concentrações biodisponíveis de Al, Fe, Mn e Zn.
The toxicity and bioavailability of metals in the environment is directly associated to its speciation conditions. The in situ evaluation of the biogeoavailability of metals is an important tool to support the environmental quality of aquatic systems. The DGT technique (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) and the use of transplanted animals are able to give this kind of information. The bioavailability of Al, Fe, Mn and Zn was evaluated at three points inside a disabled uranium mining site at Caldas city, Brazil, using DGT technique and transplanted specimens of the fish Oreochromis niloticus. The samplings were performed in periods of 14, 28 and 42 days. The DGT devices were deployed using diffusive and restrictive gels and the Al, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations were determined at the kidney, gill and muscle of the fishes after an acid digestion using a microwave. The determinations of the analytes were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The accumulated mass in the devices using restrictive gels was higher than using diffusive gel, indicating that there’s probably a contribution of the moderately labile fractions to the accumulated mass of these devices. Results from DGT indicated the presence of very low concentrations of organic species of Al, Fe, Mn and Zn in all the sampling points. The highest labile fraction of Al, Fe, Mn and Zn were observed at points 014, 023, 023 e 041 respectively. The proposed method was satisfactory in determining the concentration of Al, Fe, Mn e Zn in all the tissue samples of O. niloticus. A significant increase of the Mn and Zn concentrations was observed in the gills of the transplanted specimens when comparing to the not transplanted ones. The labile concentrations were more satisfactory predicting the spatial variability of the bioavailable Al, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations than the dissolved concentrations.
Müller, Christian. "Ermittlung- und Berechnung des Eintrages von Schwermetallen in Fliessgewässer : Probennahme mittels DGT-Methode und automatischem Probenahmesystem /". Sion, 2006. http://doc.rero.ch/search.py?recid=8308&ln=fr.
Texto completoBelsaas, Kristin. "Bruk av DGT og HR-ICP-MS for studier av metallers døgn- og sesongvariasjoner i vassdrag". Thesis, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskaplige Universitet, Institutt for matematiske fag, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10569.
Texto completoTo vassdrag, Søra i Trondheim kommune og Vorma i Orkdal kommune, er blitt studert med hensyn på konsentrasjoner av oppløste metaller over en periode på fem-seks måneder fra oktober 2009 til april 2010. Det ble funnet tendenser til både døgn- og sesongvariasjoner i metallkonsentrasjoner som varierte mellom ulike metaller. Det ble tatt i bruk DGT, men resultatene fra disse skilte seg i de fleste tilfeller vesentlig fra resultatene fra manuelle vannprøver. Det ble derfor ansett som vanskelig å benytte seg av DGT for å kartlegge døgn- og sesongvariasjoner i metallkonsentrasjoner i vassdrag. Søra og Vorma ble også sammenlignet med hverandre og selv om begge vassdragene er forurenset kan Søra alt i alt likevel sies å være det vassdraget med størst forurensningsbelastning da det i Søra i tillegg til forhøyede metallkonsentrasjoner også er funnet høyt bakterieinnhold og høyt innhold av næringssalter, som er blitt beskrevet i tidligere studier.
Seo, Sang Beom. "The isolation and characterization of mutations in the deoxyguanosine triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dgt) gene of ESCHERICHIA COLI". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25334.
Texto completoProkofyeva, Evgeniya. "The application of diffusion gradient method (DGT) for ecological risk assessment of natural and artificial matrixes". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243013.
Texto completoThis work is devoted to describing the activities performed to test a method for measuring the mobility of persistent organic pollutants in the solid phase of soils or sediments within the context of environmental pollution risk assessment. The method is based on the design of a new probe for the passive sampling of organic pollutant in soils. The probe, namely an organic diffusive probe (ODP), was prepared to reproduce diffusion gradients in thin-films (DGT). The new probe is designed by adapting DGT, originally meant for heavy metals, to organic molecules. The main modifications relate to: the material suitable as organic pollutant receptor; the shape of the overall testing device and the materials filling the probe. The ODP was calibrated with activated carbon as a receptor material. Moreover, the influence of geometric characteristics of the probe and the influence of different physicochemical soil parameters on adsorption of organic pollutants were studied. Furthermore, were investigated influences of different concentration of pollutant in samples from one type of soil and the same concentration of the pollutant in samples with different physiochemical properties. Results from ODP experiments showed the feasibility of application of the diffusion gradient for environmental risk assessment of pollution by organic compounds. Further research has been focused on practical applications of the diffusion gradient method. The study included the testing of the principle of diffusion gradient on soil samples from coke production site, Novolipetsk Steel company. The latest work has been concentrated on analysing diffusion processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Adriatic Sea. These results confirm the possibility of applying such adopted configurations of the passive probe that is able to measure the labile fraction of organic pollutants in soils and sediments.
Paříková, Lucie. "Rtuť v odpadních vodách". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216362.
Texto completoGallo, Marianna. "AUTOMOTIVE TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH AND SLOVAK: creating terminological entries in the domain of green cars for IATE". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20334/.
Texto completoShiva, Amir Houshang. "Evaluating the Performance of DGT Technique for Selective Measurement of Trace Metals and Assessment of Environmental Health in Coastal Waters". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367257.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Huang, Jianyin. "Development and Evaluation of the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) Techniques for the Measurement of Nutrient Concentrations in Natural Waters". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367045.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Kovaříková, Vladěna. "Vývoj gelových technik pro in situ měření biodostupných forem kovů v půdách a sedimentech". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233310.
Texto completoCole, Russell Francis. "Determination of organotin compounds in coastal sediment pore-water by diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/determination-of-organotin-compounds-in-coastal-sediment-porewater-by-diffusive-gradients-in-thinfilms-dgt-technique(f452f268-d8c7-4ca9-acb3-ffd6fb733f8e).html.
Texto completoLindfors, Sarah. "Metal Fractionation in Snowmelt Runoff : A Comparison between Ultrafiltration and Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) techniques". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65018.
Texto completoDagvatten är en diffus föroreningskälla som försämrar vattenkvalitén hos naturliga vattendrag.Samansättningen av föroreningar i dagvatten kan variera beroende på markanvändning,årstidsvariationer och de olika ytor som dagvattnet kommer i kontakt med. Dagvatten innehållerofta metaller och Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb och Zn kan vara toxiska för miljön i högakoncentrationer. Metaller i dagvatten kan förekomma i olika faser beroende på om de är bundnamed partiklar, kolloider av olika storlek eller om de är i löst fas. De olika faserna varierar istorlek men överlappar även varandra något. Kunskap om de olika faserna är viktigt förförståelsen om metallernas transportmekanismer och för att kunna designa eller förbättrareningssystem.Membranfiltrering följt av ultrafiltrering är en etablerad teknik för att särskilja partikulärtmaterial, kolloider och den sanna lösta fraktionen. Dock så kan den ”sanna lösta” fraktioneninnehålla antingen den kolloidala fasen, lösta fasen eller båda två eftersom tekniken baseras påstorleksfördelning. DGT (på engelska diffusive gradients in thin films) är en relativt ny tekniksom mäter den labila fraktionen som ibland benämns som den mest biotillgängliga fraktionen.Den labila fraktionen inkluderar fria metalljoner men även små komplex som kan diffunderagenom en diffusionsgel under en rimlig tidsperiod. Species som är kinetisk inerta kommer intemätas.Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka metallfraktionering i snösmälts-avrinning från olikaurbana ytor genom att använda två tekniker, ultrafiltrering och DGT. Ett delmål var även attgranska de species som beskrevs av de två teknikerna i de olika typerna av dagvatten. Två olikaslags dagvatten samlades in och undersöktes. Dagvatten från väldefinierade avrinningsområden(ett industriområde och en parkeringsplats) och takavrinning från två takmaterial (zink- ochkopparplåtar). Totalt fyra dagvattenprover genomgick membranfiltrering (porstorlek 0,45 μm)följt av antingen ultrafiltrering (avgränsning 3 kNMWL) eller DGT mätningar i laboratoriet.Metallanalyser genomfördes i alla steg och pH, konduktivitet, suspenderade partiklar ochorganiskt kol mättes på det obehandlade proverna.Resultaten visade att de uppmätta metallkoncentrationerna var generellt högre i takavrinningenjämfört med dagvattnet från de hela avrinningsområdena. Dock med några undantag, Cu ochPb från koppartak och Zn från zinktak. När det kom till fraktionering fanns det likheter mellanavrinning från hela områden och från taken beträffande de metaller som till största del varbundna till partiklar. Däremot var det skillnad mellan de olika avrinningstyperna gällandefraktionering av metallerna som förekom i flera av faserna. I takavrinningen fanns det i störreutsträckning metaller som fria joner jämfört med avrinningsområdena. En slutsats var att DGTmätningarna kunde användas till att tolka resultaten från ultrafiltreringen när det gälldekolloidala och fria faserna.
Jaskowiecová, Lenka. "Studium bioakumulace vybraných kovů vodním mechorostem Fontinalis antipyretica". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216359.
Texto completoKöhler, Sandra. "Bestimmung der Bioverfügbarkeit von Kupfer und Zink in Böden mit der Methode DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films)". Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Institut für terrestrische Ökologie, 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=102.
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