Artículos de revistas: "Dew retting"

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Lee, C. H., A. Khalina, S. H. Lee y Ming Liu. "A Comprehensive Review on Bast Fibre Retting Process for Optimal Performance in Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (13 de julio de 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6074063.

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Natural fibres are a gift from nature that we still underutilise. They can be classified into several groups, and bast natural fibre reinforcement in polymer composites has the most promising performance, among others. However, numerous factors have reported influences on mechanical properties of the fibre-reinforced composite, including natural fibre retting processes. In this review, bast fibre retting process and the effect of enzymatic retting on the fibre and fibre-reinforced polymer composites have been discussed and reviewed for the latest research studies. All retting methods except chemical and mechanical retting processes are involving secretion of enzymes by bacteria or fungi under controlled (enzymatic retting) or random conditions (water and dew retting). Besides, enzymatic retting is claimed to have more environmentally friendly wastewater products, shorter retting period, and controllable fibre biochemical components under mild incubation conditions. This review comprehensively assesses the enzymatic retting process for producing high-quality bast fibre and will become a reference for future development on bast fibre-reinforced polymer composites.

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Różańska, Wanda, Barbara Romanowska y Szymon Rojewski. "The Quantity and Quality of Flax and Hemp Fibers Obtained Using the Osmotic, Water-, and Dew-Retting Processes". Materials 16, n.º 23 (29 de noviembre de 2023): 7436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237436.

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This study presents the quantity and quality of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers obtained depending on the fiber extraction method. The extraction methods used in this study were osmotic degumming, dew retting, and water retting. The degummed straw was analyzed for fiber content, while the metrological, chemical, and physical properties were determined for the fibers obtained. It was shown that these properties change based on the method of fiber extraction used. The highest fiber content in the straw was obtained using the osmotic degumming method. These fibers are characterized by a light color, no unpleasant odor, low linear mass, good tenacity, lowest hygroscopicity, and reduced flammability compared to fibers obtained via the dew and water retting of straw.

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Akin, Danny E. "Linen Most Useful: Perspectives on Structure, Chemistry, and Enzymes for Retting Flax". ISRN Biotechnology 2013 (30 de diciembre de 2013): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/186534.

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The components of flax (Linum usitatissimum) stems are described and illustrated, with reference to the anatomy and chemical makeup and to applications in processing and products. Bast fiber, which is a major economic product of flax along with linseed and linseed oil, is described with particular reference to its application in textiles, composites, and specialty papers. A short history of retting methods, which is the separation of bast fiber from nonfiber components, is presented with emphasis on water retting, field retting (dew retting), and experimental methods. Past research on enzyme retting, particularly by the use of pectinases as a potential replacement for the current commercial practice of field retting, is reviewed. The importance and mechanism of Ca2+ chelators with pectinases in retting are described. Protocols are provided for retting of both fiber-type and linseed-type flax stems with different types of pectinases. Current and future applications are listed for use of a wide array of enzymes to improve processed fibers and blended yarns. Finally, potential lipid and aromatic coproducts derived from the dust and shive waste streams of fiber processing are indicated.

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EASSON, D. L. y K. COOPER. "A study of the use of the trimesium salt of glyphosate to desiccate and ret flax and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and of its effects on the yield of straw, seed and fibre". Journal of Agricultural Science 138, n.º 1 (febrero de 2002): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001629.

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A replicated field plot experiment was carried out in Northern Ireland in 1996 with flax, cv Ariane, and linseed, cv Flanders, each grown at seed rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 seeds/m2, in which a comparison was made between retting of the standing crop, following desiccation by the trimesium salt of glyphosate (Touchdown, Zeneca Ltd.), and water or dew retting of the pulled crop. Application at 4 litres/ha on 9 August, 33 days after the mid-point of flowering (MPF), achieved both desiccation and partial retting of the crop within 14 days. Over 16% clean long fibre was extracted by scutching the stand-retted flax straw, yielding 800 kg/ha fibre, while water retting achieved 20% extraction and 980 kg/ha yield and dew retting 8·5% and 420 kg/ha respectively. The dew retting was uneven, resulting in high losses during fibre extraction, while water retting for 7 days at 25 °C did not achieve complete retting resulting in a high content of woody fragments in the fibre. Fibre yields increased by almost 50% with the high v. low seed rate. Linseed was less well retted than flax and contained higher levels of impurity in the extracted long fibre which, after retting, yielded 120 to 310 kg/ha at extraction rates of 2·9% to 7·5%.In a second experiment in 1998 flax cvs. Viola and Evelyn were treated with the timesium salt of glyphosate at rates of 2, 4 or 6 litres/ha 10, 20, 30 or 40 days after MPF on 5 July. Viola desiccated satisfactorily at all spray dates with 4 and 6 litres/ha glyphosate. The 20-day treatment desiccated more slowly than the 30-day and the 2 litres/ha rate did not achieve complete desiccation, but the trimesium salt of glyphosate achieved better desiccation at this timing than that found in earlier studies with the original form of glyphosate. Evelyn desiccated more slowly and less evenly than Viola particularly at the 20-day and 40-day timings. Spraying at MPF+10 days interrupted early development of the seed and fibre significantly reducing yields. Due to slower desiccation the 20-day timing was no better than the 30-day, which was well retted by harvest 44 days after spraying, and gave the highest yield of clean long fibre. The spraying 40 days after MPF was considered too late in the season to be of practical use. It was concluded that retting of standing flax following desiccation with the trimesium salt of glyphosate was more effective than with the earlier formulation and that retting of the standing crop could achieve equivalent or better retting with similar fibre yields to traditional retting methods. The optimum spray timing was found to be about 30 days after MPF with 4 or 6 litres/ha, the lower rate being adequate for glyphosate responsive varieties such as Viola.

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Md. Tahir, Paridah, Amel B. Ahmed, Syeed O. A. SaifulAzry y Zakiah Ahmed. "Retting process of some bast plant fibers and its effect on fibre quality: A review". BioResources 6, n.º 4 (5 de septiembre de 2011): 5260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.5260-5281.

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Retting is the main challenge faced during the processing of bast plants for the production of long fibre. The traditional methods for separating the long bast fibres are by dew and water retting. Both methods require 14 to 28 days to degrade the pectic materials, hemicellulose, and lignin. Even though the fibres produced from water retting can be of high quality, the long duration and polluted water have made this method less attractive. A number of other alternative methods such as mechanical decortication, chemical, heat, and enzymatic treatments have been reported for this purpose with mixed findings. This paper reviews different types of retting processes used for bast plants such as hemp, jute, flax, and kenaf, with an emphasis on kenaf. Amongst the bast fibre crops, kenaf apparently has some advantages such as lower cost of production, higher fibre yields, and greater flexibility as an agricultural resource, over the other bast fibres. The fibres produced from kenaf using chemical retting processes are much cleaner but low in tensile strength. Enzymatic retting has apparent advantages over other retting processes by having significantly shorter retting time and acceptable quality fibres, but it is quite expensive.

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De Prez, Jana, Aart Willem Van Vuure, Jan Ivens, Guido Aerts y Ilse Van de Voorde. "Effect of enzymatic treatment of flax on chemical composition and the extent of fiber separation". BioResources 14, n.º 2 (25 de febrero de 2019): 3012–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.3012-3030.

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Enzymatic treatment of flax is gaining more interest as a promising alternative for dew retting, which is known for its dependence on weather and climate. Therefore, the effect of enzymatic treatments of flax on the effectiveness of fiber separation from each other and chemical fiber composition was investigated in this study. Chemical composition was determined by a gravimetric method, while ease of separation (in the composites society, the process to obtain natural fibers from the plant is usually defined as extraction) was determined based on the amount of long fibers obtained as well as total time needed to release this fiber fraction, providing necessary insights in the extent to which fibers are loosened from the stem. Flax treatment with pectate lyase and polygalacturonase resulted in purified fibers with a cellulose content of 78 and 79% w/w and promising yield values of 24 and 17%, respectively. Besides these pectinases, xylanase activity also showed high potential for enzymatic retting. Hence, pectate lyase, polygalacturonase, and xylanase are promising enzymes to successfully replace the dew retting process.

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De Prez, Jana, Aart W. Van Vuure, Jan Ivens, Guido Aerts y Ilse Van de Voorde. "Flax treatment with strategic enzyme combinations: Effect on fiber fineness and mechanical properties of composites". Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, n.º 5-6 (24 de octubre de 2019): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419884645.

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The application of natural fibers as reinforcement material in composites can make an important contribution toward a more sustainable bio-based economy. To use these natural fibers, they need to be released from the stem. Traditionally, this is realized by dew retting. However, there are some disadvantages to this retting procedure. Due to changing weather conditions, it is quite difficult to guarantee a good and consistent fiber quality. Replacing the traditional retting process by a biocatalytic process may resolve these issues through application of a combination of pectinase and hemicellulase activities. In this context, several strategic pectinase and hemicellulase activities were blended. Flax fiber fineness and mechanical properties of resulting unidirectional fiber–epoxy composites were studied after treatment of flax stems with these strategic enzyme combinations. Characterization of fiber fineness showed a higher percentage of fiber widths smaller than 100 µm after combined treatment with two enzymes (44.7%), and the percentage was even higher after some combinations with three enzymes (51.2%). Assessment of mechanical properties of composites showed no significant differences in tensile or transverse properties for combined enzymatic treatments. Fiber properties were back-calculated from unidirectional flax fiber–epoxy composites and a Young’s modulus of 88 GPa and a tensile strength of 865 MPa were observed. Enzymatic extraction resulted in the achievement of similar results as dew retting concerning mechanical composite performance and fiber fineness.

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Jankauskiene, Z., A. Lugauskas y J. Repeckiene. "New Methods for the Improvement of Flax Dew Retting". Journal of Natural Fibers 3, n.º 4 (9 de abril de 2007): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j395v03n04_05.

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Stawski, Dawid, Ebru Çalişkan, Nazire Yilmaz y Izabella Krucińska. "Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Fibers Obtained via Water- and Dew-Retting". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 15 (25 de julio de 2020): 5113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155113.

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In this research, fibers were extracted from different parts of the okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) via water- and dew-retting methods. The fibers were subjected to physical and thermal analyses. The fibers obtained from the upper part of the okra plant showed higher breaking strength and lower linear density. Fibers obtained via water-retting exhibited higher breaking strength, higher elongation at break rates, and lower linear density values. The paper also presents the results of thermogravimetric analysis of the okra fibers. Tests were carried out in oxygen and inert gas atmospheres. Slight differences were found in the thermal resistance of the tested fibers, which was confirmed by an analysis using the αs-αr methodology. The calculated activation energy showed a widespread range of values.

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Jankauskienė, Zofija, Elvyra Gruzdevienė, Ernestas Maumevičius y Iryna M. Layko. "INVESTIGATION OF HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) FIBRE QUANTITY AND QUALITY AS INFLUENCED BY GENOTYPE AND SEED RATE". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (15 de junio de 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol1.2530.

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The investigation on hemp fibre quantity and quality as influenced by genotype and seed rate was carried out at the Upytė Experimental Station Lithuanian of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2014. Bi-factorial trial was carried out: Factor A – variety (A1 – USO 31; A2 – Bialobrzeskie); Factor B – sowing rate (B1 – 45 kg ha-1; B2 – 70 kg ha-1). Data showed that variety (genotype) had a significant influence on fibre content (after dew-retting as well after water-retting) – it was higher for variety Bialobrzeskie and amounted to 37.2 and 34.5%, respectively. Seed rate (or crop density) did not show significant influence neither on fibre content nor on fibre quality (flexibility, strength) parameters.

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Prasetyowati, Eka, Ahmad Syauqi y Tintrim Rahayu. "Pola Pertumbuhan Pseudomonas aeruginosa untuk Retting-Embun Serat Kasar pada Tanaman Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata)". BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 5, n.º 1 (6 de agosto de 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v5i1.289.

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Sansivieria trifasciata has a cell wall consisting of high cellulose components which are reinforced by lignin, pectin and hemicellulose. Separation of fibers from bonds that strengthen fibers is still a major problem because the cell walls that are owned are very strong and stiff. In the activity of separating selolusa fiber there needs to be a process called retting. Residues from the retting process with chemicals can pollute the environment, separation by mechanical means produces fibers that are still rigid, and with soaking requires a lot of water and causes odor. The purpose of this study is how long the Pseudomonas earuginosa used can show cell proliferation; get a graph of growth patterns in Sansevieria trifasciata leaf preparations by adding nutrients and fiber quality from dew retting. This study uses an experimental method; there are 2 treatments, namely the addition of nutrition and without nutrition with 6 replications time 5 days, 10, days, 15 days, 20 days and 30 days. The results of this study were the number of treated cells with the addition of nutrients and without the addition of nutrients experiencing the lag phase of the 5th to 10th day and the exponential phase starting from the 10th day to the 30th day. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can soften the cell wall with dew-retting ability obtained by 3.0 nutritional treatment scores and a score of 1.5 treatments without nutrition. In the regression analysis ≥ , where there is a significant influence between the number of cells per unit and the addition of nutrients and without the addition of nutrients. Keywords: growth pattern, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coarse fiber, Sansevieria trifasciata ABSTRAK Sansivieria trifasciata memiliki dinding sel yang terdiri dari komponen selulosa tinggi yang diperkuat oleh lignin, pektin dan hemiselulosa. Pemisahan serat dari ikatan yang memperkuat serat masih menjadi masalah utama karena dinding sel yang dimiliki sangat kuat dan kaku. Dalam kegiatan pemisahan serat selolusa perlu adanya proses yang dinamakan retting. Residu dari proses retting dengan bahan kimia dapat mencemari lingkungan, pemisahan dengan cara mekanik menghasilkan serat yang masih kaku, dan dengan perendaman membutuhkan air yang cukup banyak serta menimbulkan bau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah berapa lama Pseudomonas earuginosa yang digunakan dapat menunjukkan perkembangbiakan sel, mendapatkan grafik pola pertumbuhan pada sediaan daun Sansevieria trifasciata dengan penambahan nutrisi dan kualitas serat dari retting-embun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, terdapat 2 perlakuan yaitu penambahan nutrisi dan tanpa nutrisi dengan 6 ulangan waktu 5 hari, 10, hari, 15 hari, 20 hari dan 30 hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini jumlah sel perlakuan dengan penambahan nutrisi dan tanpa penambahan nutrisi mengalami fase lag hari ke-5 sampai hari ke-10 dan fase eksponensial dimulai dari hari ke-10 sampai hari ke-30. Pseudomonas aeruginosa dapat melunakkan dinding sel dengan kemampuan retting-embun diperoleh skor 3,0 perlakuan nutrisi dan skor 1,5 parlakuan tanpa nutrisi. Pada analisa regresi ≥ , dimana adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara jumlah sel setiap unitnya dengan penambahan nutrisi dan tanpa penambahan nutrisi. Kata kunci: Pola Pertumbuhan, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serat Kasar dan Sansevieria trifasciata

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Jankauskiene, Zofija, Algimantas Endriukaitis y Marius Balčiūnas. "STEM CRUSHING - AN ECO-FRIENDLY WAY TO EFFECT ON FLAX DEW-RETTING". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (23 de junio de 2007): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2007vol1.1723.

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Preparation of flax raw material - retted straw - is becoming more and more problematical since the straw is prepared by way of dew-retting, because this run under the open sky and fully couldn’t be controlled, and this concludes in insufficient fibre quality. Besides of this, during the flax pulling process part of the stems is caught by the belts of the pulling combine LKV-4T and consequently is damaged (crushed). Thus fibre separation in this part of the stem usually runs more quickly and the quality of flax fibre along the stem becomes uneven. Top-part of the stem is damaged by thrashing apparatus. Furthermore, we should remember that the shape offlax stem is a cone, and dew-retting process at flax foot part takes much longer than at the top or at the strongly damaged middle part of the stem. The influence of crushing of fibre flax stems and desiccation was investigated at the Upyte Research Station of LIA in 2003. Special crushing apparatus was assembled on the flax combine LKV-4T. Desiccated with glyphosate and non-desiccated flax stems were crushed during pulling. The quality of fibre after stem crushing was higher.

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Khan, Saif Ullah, Mahadev Bar, Philippe Evon, Laurent Labonne y Pierre Ouagne. "Development of 100% Linseed Flax Yarns with Improved Mechanical Properties and Durability for Geotextiles Applications". Fibers 10, n.º 12 (23 de noviembre de 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10120102.

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Due to the ever-growing demand for bast fibres for technical and garment textiles, complementary sources to textile flax, whose cultivation in western Europe cannot really be extended, need to be proposed. In this study, the interest in harvesting and processing linseed flax straw is studied for geotextile applications. The main critical stages of fibre-to-yarn production for geotextiles were investigated. Different dew retting levels as well as different all-fibre extraction processes were investigated to achieve this objective. It was demonstrated that the fibres extracted from linseed flax stems subjected to 12 weeks of dew retting using breaking rollers, thresher and a breaking card exhibited the most suitable morphological and mechanical properties. The optimal fibres were converted into 100% linseed flax yarns using a flyer spinning machine, and the mechanical properties as well as the biodegradability of the linseed yarns were evaluated to understand their potential as geotextiles. These linseed flax yarns were further coated with linseed oil or chitosan to enhance their durability. It was observed that the linseed oil coating better preserved the yarn’s integrity and mechanical properties over time, and it permitted doubling their service life potential.

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Zimniewska, Malgorzata. "Hemp Fibre Properties and Processing Target Textile: A Review". Materials 15, n.º 5 (3 de marzo de 2022): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051901.

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Over the last several decades, Cannabis sativa L. has become one of the most fashionable plants. To use the hemp potential for the development of a sustainable textile bio-product sector, it is necessary to learn about the effect of the processes creating hemp’s value chain on fibre properties. This review presents a multi-perspective approach to industrial hemp as a resource delivering textile fibres. This article extensively explores the current development of hemp fibre processes including methods of fibre extraction and processing and comprehensive fibre characteristics to indicate the challenges and opportunities regarding Cannabis sativa L. Presented statistics prove the increasing interest worldwide in hemp raw material and hemp-based bio-products. This article discusses the most relevant findings in terms of the effect of the retting processes on the composition of chemical fibres resulting in specific fibre properties. Methods of fibre extraction include dew retting, water retting, osmotic degumming, enzymatic retting, steam explosion and mechanical decortication to decompose pectin, lignin and hemicellulose to remove them from the stem with varying efficiency. This determines further processes and proves the diversity of ways to produce yarn by employing different spinning systems such as linen spinning, cotton and wool spinning technology with or without the use of the decortication process. The aim of this study is to provide knowledge for better understanding of the textile aspects of hemp fibres and their relationship to applied technological processes.

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Bleuze, Laurent, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Gonzague Alavoine, Sylvie Recous y Brigitte Chabbert. "Tracking the dynamics of hemp dew retting under controlled environmental conditions". Industrial Crops and Products 123 (noviembre de 2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.054.

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Sathish, S., L. Prabhu, S. Gokulkumar, N. Karthi, D. Balaji y N. Vigneshkumar. "Extraction, Treatment and Applications of Natural Fibers for Bio-Composites – A Critical Review". International Polymer Processing 36, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2021): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-4004.

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Abstract Nowadays, sustainable and eco-friendly products are gaining more attention in various engineering industries owing to their considerable strength-to-weight ratio, abundant availability, and recyclability. The properties of biofibers depend on the cultivation method, environmental conditions, and extraction method. Biofibers are hauled out by dew retting, water retting, and mechanical decortication methods. The properties of natural fiber–reinforced composites can be enhanced by proper physical and chemical treatments. The aim of this study is to propose a complete evaluation of the different extraction methods applied on natural fibers. Various physical and chemical treatment methods were used to ascertain the properties of optimized natural fiber-reinforced composites for various industrial applications. The key findings derived from various existing data and the chemical treatment results of the biofiber-reinforced composite are specifically highlighted with critical assessment. The properties and use of natural fiber-reinforced composites in the various fields of applications have made them candidates of choice over synthetic petroleum–based fibers.

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Khan, Saif Ullah, Laurent Labonne, Pierre Ouagne y Philippe Evon. "Continuous Mechanical Extraction of Fibres from Linseed Flax Straw for Subsequent Geotextile Applications". Coatings 11, n.º 7 (15 de julio de 2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070852.

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Linseed flax is a multipurpose crop. It is cultivated for its seeds and particularly for its oil. The main contributors for this crop are Canada, France and Belgium. In general, straws of linseed flax are buried in the fields or burnt. However, these solutions are not good practices for the environment and from an economical point of view. In this study, straws of linseed flax (six batches in total) with different dew retting durations and harvesting techniques were studied to possibly use them for producing innovative geotextiles. Two different fibre extraction processes were investigated. A first process (A) involved horizontal breaker rollers and then a breaking card. A second one (B) consisted in using vertical breaker rollers, and an “all fibre” extraction device (fibre opener) followed by sieving. The chemical composition of fibres in parietal constituents appeared to be globally equivalent to the one of textile flax with a pectic content decreasing as a function of the dew retting duration. This contributed to an increase in the cellulose content. The fibre content was situated in a range from 29% to 33%, which corresponds to a good yield for linseed flax fibre. The level of purity can reach values of up to 90% for method A (without extra-sieving) and 96% for method B (with extra-sieving), and the length of the fibres (larger for method A than for method B) and their tensile properties make them suitable for structural geotextile yarn manufacturing.

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Romanowska, Barbara, Wanda Różańska y Małgorzata Zimniewska. "The Influence of the Chemical Composition of Flax and Hemp Fibers on the Value of Surface Free Energy". Materials 17, n.º 5 (28 de febrero de 2024): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051104.

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The article presents the exploration of flax and hemp fibers’ surface free energy depending on the chemical composition of the fiber, which is closely related to the plant variety and the method of extracting the fiber. For this purpose, tests of the surface free energy (SFE), evaluation of the percentage content of individual fiber components and FTIR analyses were conducted. The research was carried out with the use of fibrous materials prepared in three different ways: 1. To analyze the effect of subsequent stages of flax fibers refining process on chemical composition and SFE, 2. to explore the dependence of fiber SFE on hemp variety, the water-retting hemp fibers were used, 3. To evaluate the influence of the retting method of hemp fibers BIAŁOBRZESKIE variety on SFE, the fibers extracted with the use of dew and water retting were used as the research material. The study confirmed that the content of individual components in the fiber influenced its sorption capacity and therefore determined its hydrophilic properties. The values of Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients determined in the statistical analysis proved that the surface free energy was strongly correlated with the content of individual components in the fibers. Understanding the wettability characteristics of bast fibers will allow modeling the properties of products made of these fibers and designing surface modification processes in order to obtain specific functionality of textile products, depending on their intended utilization.

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Konczewicz, Wanda, Małgorzata Zimniewska y Miguel Angel Valera. "The selection of a retting method for the extraction of bast fibers as response to challenges in composite reinforcement". Textile Research Journal 88, n.º 18 (14 de julio de 2017): 2104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517716902.

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This article presents an evaluation of bast fiber properties conditioned by the selection of a retting method in terms of meeting requirements for the final application of the fibers as composite reinforcement. Two different methods of fiber extraction were used in the experiment: dew retting and osmotic degumming. The fibrous material was extracted from flax (Modran variety) and hemp (Bialobrzeskie variety). In addition, retted kenaf fibers (from China) were evaluated for the comparison of fiber properties. The properties of the retted and degummed fibers were evaluated according to relevant valid standards regarding color, linear mass, breaking tenacity, aspect ratio, microscopic images and chemical composition, which included the determination of wax and fat, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin content and the thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. The Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR spectroscopic technique was used for the characterization of the fibers. Also, fogging and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were tested in order to evaluate the suitability of the bast fiber for composite formation. The results of the study proved that osmotic degumming applied for bast fiber extraction improves significantly the fiber quality in terms of color, odor, aspect ratio and VOC emission. The aspect ratio of osmotically degummed flax fibers increased by about 46% and hemp fibers by about 22% in comparison with dew-retted fibers. VOC emission of osmotically degummed hemp decreased by about 35%, but in the case of flax fibers, increasing of VOC has been observed. For this reason, osmotically degummed fibers can be recommended as more suitable for composite reinforcement.

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FILA, G., L. M. MANICI y F. CAPUTO. "In vitro evaluation of dew-retting of flax by fungi from southern Europe". Annals of Applied Biology 138, n.º 3 (junio de 2001): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00119.x.

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BOOTH, I., A. M. GOODMAN, S. A. GRISHANOV y R. J. HARWOOD. "A mechanical investigation of the retting process in dew-retted hemp (Cannabis sativa)". Annals of Applied Biology 145, n.º 1 (agosto de 2004): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00358.x.

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Chernikov, V. G. y V. Yu Romanenko. "Determination of the Bonding Force Between the Rettery and Flax Swaths in Their Picking Up by Pick-Up Device Fingers". Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 12, n.º 3 (26 de julio de 2018): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-3-12-16.

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The quality of flax products depends on the way of flax straw retting. Currently, the best and most widely used method of flax straw retting is way of dew retting. Flax stems are laid in a thin layer on the flax field where they were grown or on a clover or grass field. During the retting process, plants tend to grow through the flax swaths depending on the air temperature (starting from 18°C) and humidity (50-60%). Therefore, the flax straw picking up process should be done with certain efforts, however, without damaging the stems. (Research purpose) To determine the bonding forces of the flax straw with the rettery (a flax field or a grass field). (Materials and methods) The authors have designed an instrument to measure and register the considered forces as well as a general mechanism of the flax straw picking up process, which operates in conjunction with the IP 264 (BS) measurement information system, and also developed a research methodology. This system is integrated with to a laptop with the pre-installed «Testing» software. The system is adopted to use the MS Excel software to transfer data in MS Excel format for further plotting. (Results and discussion) It has been shown that the bonding forces of flax stems, their changing pattern, and the maximum value during the picking up process depend on the degree of penetration by grass plants into flax swaths and the grass plant density per square meter. (Conclusions) In process of picking up the grass-penetrated swaths, they show weak strength characteristics for transportation and an increased tendency to break the continuity of their picking up. The values of the ratio of the translational speed of a pick-up device and the rotary speed of a picking device fingertip can be greater than the value of the relative elongation at the point of pulling the swath away from the ground. The coefficient of strength to pick up the swaths from a clover rettery is higher than that of flax and grass retteries.

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Gusovius, Hans-Jörg, Carsten Lühr, Thomas Hoffmann, Ralf Pecenka y Christine Idler. "An Alternative to Field Retting: Fibrous Materials Based on Wet Preserved Hemp for the Manufacture of Composites". Agriculture 9, n.º 7 (3 de julio de 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070140.

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A process developed at the Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB) for the supply and processing of wet-preserved fiber plants opens up new potential uses for such resources. The processing of industrial hemp into fiber materials and products thereof is undergoing experimental research along the value-added chain from the growing process through to the manufacturing of product samples. The process comprises the direct harvesting of the field-fresh hemp and the subsequent anaerobic storage of the entire plant material. Thus, process risk due to unfavorable weather conditions is prevented in contrast to common dew retting procedures. The effects of the anaerobic storage processes on the properties of the bast part of the plant material are comparable to the results of common retting procedures. Harvest storage, as well as further mechanical processing, leads to different geometrical properties compared to the bast fibers resulting from traditional post harvesting treatment and decortication. The fiber raw material obtained in this way is well suited to the production of fiberboards and the reinforcement of polymer or mineral bonded composites. The objective of this paper is to present recent research results on final products extended by a comprehensive overview of the whole supply chain in order to enable further understanding of the result influencing aspects of prior process steps.

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Chabbert, Brigitte, Justine Padovani, Christophe Djemiel, Jordane Ossemond, Alain Lemaître, Arata Yoshinaga, Simon Hawkins, Sébastien Grec, Johnny Beaugrand y Bernard Kurek. "Multimodal assessment of flax dew retting and its functional impact on fibers and natural fiber composites". Industrial Crops and Products 148 (junio de 2020): 112255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112255.

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Shimanskaya, Natalya Sergeevna, Igor Valentinovich Uschapovsky y Olga Vasilievna Savina. "Efficiency of the use of chemical preservatives in the process of dew-retting when growing fiber flax". Agrarian Scientific Journal, n.º 8 (28 de agosto de 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i8pp33-38.

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The influence of retted stalks treatment with solutions of copper sulfate and salicylic acid on the process of dew-retting of fiber flax, its microbiological and technological indicators was studied. It was revealed that the use of the investigated preparations allows regulating the course of microbiological processes in ripening rolls and reducing the loss of fiber flax quality. At the same time, salicylic acid treatment can be recommended in cases when it is necessary to speed up the process of retted stalks maturing and quickly organize its harvesting with minimal loss of quality. If, however, a situation has arisen when it is impossible to harvest an almost ready-made retted stalks from the field, it is recommended to restrain the reproduction of fungi on the retted stalks by treating it with a solution of copper sulfate in order to suspend the processes of further decomposition of the fibre and loss of its quality.

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26

Bleuze, Laurent, Brigitte Chabbert, Gwenaëlle Lashermes y Sylvie Recous. "Hemp harvest time impacts on the dynamics of microbial colonization and hemp stems degradation during dew retting". Industrial Crops and Products 145 (marzo de 2020): 112122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112122.

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Lashermes, Gwenaëlle, Laurent Bleuze, Sylvie Recous, Richard Voinot, François Lafolie y Brigitte Chabbert. "Multiscale modeling of microbial degradation of outer tissues of fiber-crop stems during the dew retting process". Bioresource Technology 311 (septiembre de 2020): 123558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123558.

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Henriksson, G., D. E. Akin, R. T. Hanlin, C. Rodriguez, D. D. Archibald, L. L. Rigsby y K. L. Eriksson. "Identification and retting efficiencies of fungi isolated from dew-retted flax in the United States and europe." Applied and environmental microbiology 63, n.º 10 (1997): 3950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.10.3950-3956.1997.

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SHARMA, H. S. S. y G. J. FAUGHEY. "Comparison of subjective and objective methods to assess flax straw cultivars and fibre quality after dew-retting". Annals of Applied Biology 135, n.º 2 (octubre de 1999): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb00879.x.

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SHARMA, H. S. S., R. D. McCALL, G. FAUGHEY y G. LYONS. "Effects of sulphur dioxide preservation of flax straw on fibre components and microbial colonisation during dew-retting". Annals of Applied Biology 134, n.º 2 (abril de 1999): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb05257.x.

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BORISADE, Sunday Gbenga, Isiaka Oluwole OLADELE, Oyetunji AKINLABI, Abdullahi Olawale ADEBAYO y Olaoluwa Abraham OLUWASANMI. "IMPACT OF ALKALINE TREATMENT ON THE CONSTITUENTS, STRENGTH AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANA FIBER". European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 8, n.º 2 (20 de junio de 2023): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ejmse.2023.08.02.102.

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The readily availability of natural fibers have made them to be less expensive compared to the synthetic fibers. Hence, highest substitute for synthetic fibers in composites development today is natural fibers. In this research, banana fiber was extracted by dew retting and treated with alkaline for surface modification and possibly strengthening. Both treated and untreated fibers were tested with universal tensile testing machine and examined their surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy. The banana fiber's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was assessed as a function of fiber diameter, test length and testing speed. It was observed from the results that chemical treatment improved the tensile strength of the fiber while surface morphology was noticed to be rough due to the removal of some fiber constituents. Hence, it was discovered that alkaline treatment improved the fiber condition, thus, making the fiber a suitable substitute for synthetic fibers in composite development

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32

Sohn, Miryeong, Franklin E. Barton, Wiley H. Morrison y Douglas D. Archibald. "Application of Partial Least-Squares Regression to Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic Determination of Shive Content in Flax". Applied Spectroscopy 57, n.º 5 (mayo de 2003): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203321666588.

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Shive, the nonfiberous core portion of the stem, in flax fiber after retting is related to fiber quality. The objective of this study is to develop a standard calibration model for determining shive content in retted flax by using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Calibration samples were prepared by manually mixing pure, ground shive and pure, ground fiber from flax retted by three different methods (water, dew, and enzyme retting) to provide a wide range of shive content from 0 to 100%. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used to generate a calibration model, and spectral data were processed using various pretreatments such as a multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), normalization, derivatives, and Martens' Uncertainty option to improve the calibration model. The calibration model developed with a single sample set resulted in a standard error of 1.8% with one factor. The best algorithm was produced from first-derivative processing of the spectral data. MSC was not effective processing for this model. However, a big bias was observed when independent sample sets were applied to this calibration model to predict shive content in flax fiber. The calibration model developed using a combination sample set showed a slightly higher standard error and number of factors compared to the model for a single sample set, but this model was sufficiently accurate to apply to each sample set. The best algorithm for the combination sample set was generated from second derivatives followed by MSC processing of spectral data and from Martens' Uncertainty option; it resulted in a standard error of 2.3% with 2 factors. The value of the digital second derivative centered at 1674 nm for these spectral data was highly correlated to shive content of flax and could form the basis for a simple, low-cost sensor for the shive or fiber content in retted flax.

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Falker, Anna-Maria, Oliver Daum y Anne-Christine Schenk. "Die Rettungs-BOA als Hilfsmittel zur schnellen Rettung von Piloten aus Luftfahrzeugen der Bundeswehr". Flugmedizin · Tropenmedizin · Reisemedizin - FTR 29, n.º 01 (febrero de 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1708-9071.

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGHintergrund: Die Rettungs-BOA ist ein Hilfsmittel zur schnellen Rettung von kritisch Verletzten aus Fahrzeugen unter Gewährleistung einer Teilimmobilisation der oberen Brustwirbelsäule und wird im Rahmen der PHTLS-Ausbildung der Bundeswehr gelehrt. Auf den Flugplätzen der Bundeswehr findet dieses Rettungshilfsmittel bisher keine flächendeckende Anwendung. Bei Flugunfällen kann es zu schweren Verletzungen der Luftfahrzeuginsassen kommen, wo genau diese Anforderungen an ein Hilfsmittel gestellt werden.Methoden: In einer Studie mit der Feuerwehr am Flugplatz Manching im August 2020 wurde die Anwendung der Rettungs-BOA an 7 verschiedenen Luftfahrzeugen getestet und mit anderen Rettungsmethoden (Rautek-Griff und KED-System) im Hinblick auf Rettungszeiten und mit Fragebögen zu Bedienerfreundlichkeit, Rückenschmerzen der Bediener sowie Vor- und Nachteilen bewertet. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mit IBM SPSS Statistik 17.0. Die Teilnahme erfolgte freiwillig. Die Daten wurden anonymisiert gespeichert.Ergebnisse: Die Rettung mittels Rautek-Griff geht erwartungsgemäß am schnellsten. Unwesentlich länger dauert die Rettung mittels BOA, gefolgt von der zeitaufwendigen Rettung mittels KED-System. In den Luftfahrzeugen Tornado, Eurofighter und A-400M erwies sich die BOA zeitlich nicht unterlegen. Insgesamt zeigte sich die Rettungs-BOA als einfaches, unkompliziertes und schnelles Rettungshilfsmittel, das sich auch bei Unerfahrenheit in der Anwendung universell in allen getesteten Luftfahrzeugen anwenden ließ.

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Wu, Zhenchao, Jie Kang, Chi Zhang, Wen Zhang y Jingping Ge. "Assessing the promoting effect of compound microbial agents on flax dew retting: Based on the relationship between metabolites and core genera". Bioresource Technology 385 (octubre de 2023): 129451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129451.

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Réquilé, Samuel, Brahim Mazian, Marie Grégoire, Salvatore Musio, Maxime Gautreau, Lucile Nuez, Arnaud Day et al. "Exploring the dew retting feasibility of hemp in very contrasting European environments: Influence on the tensile mechanical properties of fibres and composites". Industrial Crops and Products 164 (junio de 2021): 113337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113337.

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Mitchell, W. J. T. "Israel / Palästina retten: Kunst und der binationale Staat". Paragrana 25, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/para-2016-0027.

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AbstractEine Anmerkung zum Titel: Warum sollten wir Israel retten wollen? Palästina ja. Es liegt in Ruinen, belagert und unter militärischer Besatzung, verwüstet durch Armut, Arbeitslosigkeit und systematische Demütigung. Palästinas bloße Existenz als ein Volk, eine Nation und ein Ort hängt an einem seidenen Faden. Die Bedrohung für Israel ist hingegen eine moralische. Das Land ist in Gefahr, seine Seele zu verlieren, all die Ideale zu verraten, auf denen seine Gründung beruht, und selbst endgültig ein Apartheidstaat zu werden. Dieser Beitrag handelt von einer doppelten Rettungsaktion, einer sowohl moralischen als auch materiellen, spirituellen und physischen Rettung. Er ist von jüngsten Arbeiten sogenannter „Rettungs-Künstler“Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit wird für die Bezeichnung von Personengruppen in der Übersetzung durchweg das generische Maskulinum verwendet, das die weibliche und männliche Form gleichermaßen impliziert. A.d.Ü. (salvage artists) inspiriert, deren Arbeiten häufig auf der Wiederverwendung von überflüssigen Materialien, Abfall, Müll und Ruinen basieren, ebenso wie auf Projekten, die eine Re-Imagination und Neugestaltung der Gemeinschaft zum Gegenstand haben. Rettungs-Kunst richtet sich häufig auf „das Gemeingut“ (the commons), auf die fragilen öffentlichen Räume der Versammlung und Zusammenkunft, die auch als Bühne für Inszenierungen von staatlicher Gewalt und Widerstand dienen. Sie ist besonders eng mit dokumentarischen, bewegten und nicht bewegten Bildern verbunden, die der Realität in all ihrer Komplexität einen Spiegel vorhalten und geteilte Erinnerungen und Archive bewahren. Mein Interesse gilt Künstlern, die oft aus sehr verschiedenen, sogar gegensätzlichen Beweggründen in diesen gemeinsamen Bemühungen engagiert sind.

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Дударєв, І. М. y А. В. Хомич. "LOW-QUALITY FLAX STRAW BIOMASS HARVESTING FOR SUBSEQUENT USE AS FUEL: A REVIEW". СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКІ МАШИНИ, n.º 48 (31 de octubre de 2022): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/acm.vi48.779.

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Unfavorable conditions for flax growing, harvesting and dew-retting are the reason for the low-quality flax biomass production. This biomass cannot be processed for fiber or other purposes. Therefore, flax straws are burned in the fields or are used as fertilizer by plowing into the soil, which are not good solutions for the environment and subsequent cultivation operations. The limit values of quality properties of fibre flax stem, flax straw and retted straw for their processing are summarized, which can be used to determine the suitability of flax straw biomass for processing or burning. Low-quality flax biomass is inexpensive, ecofriendly and renewable, it can be used as solid fuel for heating greenhouses or buildings located near the field where the flax is grown. Various techniques of fibre flax and oilseed flax harvesting are presented in the article. The technique of low-quality flax harvesting is recommended, which include flax pulling out or flax cutting, flax threshing, flax straw windrow forming, flax straw natural drying on the field in natural way, flax bale forming, flax bale transporting, flax bale burning. This harvesting technology can be used for low-quality fibre flax and oilseed flax. Flax straw biomass can be baled into three bale types: small rectangular bales, big round bales, and big square bales The main requirements for fuel flax biomass bales are recommended. The boiler for burning flax straw bales must be chosen taking into account the shape and size of the bales. For the efficient operation of boilers, it is necessary to take into account the recommended values of bale bulk density and moisture content of flax biomass.

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Pinsard, Lola, Nathalie Revol, Henri Pomikal, Emmanuel De Luycker y Pierre Ouagne. "Production of Long Hemp Fibers Using the Flax Value Chain". Fibers 11, n.º 5 (28 de abril de 2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib11050038.

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Hemp is finding a strong renewal of interest in the production of fine fibers for garment textiles. This resource of long-line fibers would come as a complement to the highly demanded flax fibers, whose large production in the north-west of Europe cannot be extended. In Normandy, where a complete industrial value chain exists for flax, it is intended to adapt it to hemp, and this was demonstrated from the field to the scutched fibers with a complete value chain. In this region, early harvesting is necessary to leave enough time for dew-retting and permit dry storage of stems before mid-September. An early-flowering variety (USO-31) was harvested using dedicated hemp equipment to obtain a 1 m parallel and aligned windrow that can be further processed by flax equipment. The scutching process as well as the fiber’s morphological and mechanical properties were particularly studied. Adapted scutching process parameters with reduced advancing speed and beating turbine velocity led to long fiber yields of about 18% of the stem mass. Stem yields were reaching about 6 tons/ha leading to a production of 1.1 tons/ha of long fibers. The tensile properties of the long fibers were highly sufficient for textile applications, and their thickness after hackling was in the range suitable for the production of fine yarns. Compared to other crops grown in Normandy, the hemp as produced in this 2020 case study provides good incomes to the farmer, higher than traditional crops such as wheat or barley, and the results of this study should encourage farmers to grow hemp for textile purposes.

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Ventzke, Marc-Michael, Helmut Balkie y Gregor Kemming. "Rettung aus Höhen und Tiefen – Standardtechniken der Feuerwehr". Notfallmedizin up2date 13, n.º 01 (marzo de 2018): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0588-7655.

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ZusammenfassungDer Notarzt muss für eine effektive und erfolgreiche Einsatzabwicklung die lokalen Gegebenheiten, die Fähigkeiten der Feuerwehren und die Standardrettungstechniken kennen. Der vorliegende Artikel geht auf die Rettung mit Hubrettungsmitteln und einfaches Retten aus Höhen und Tiefen mit der Schleifkorbtrage ein.

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Ventzke, Marc-Michael, Helmut Balkie y Gregor Kemming. "Rettung aus Höhen und Tiefen – Standardtechniken der Feuerwehr". Der Notarzt 33, n.º 06 (diciembre de 2017): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119319.

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ZusammenfassungDer Notarzt muss für eine effektive und erfolgreiche Einsatzabwicklung die lokalen Gegebenheiten, die Fähigkeiten der Feuerwehren und die Standardrettungstechniken kennen. Der vorliegende Artikel geht auf die Rettung mit Hubrettungsmitteln und einfaches Retten aus Höhen und Tiefen mit der Schleifkorbtrage ein.

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41

Geisendorf, Nicklas. "Keine falsche Bewegung". kma - Klinik Management aktuell 11, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2006): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1573982.

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Patientendaten, Personaldaten, Wirtschaftsdaten, KIS – der reibungslose Betrieb einer Klinik hängt am Tropf der EDV. Und die steht und fällt mit der Verfügbarkeit ihrer Daten auf Festplatten, RAID-Systemen und Bändern. Wenn diese ausfallen, ist guter Rat teuer – wie die Rettung der Daten auch. Sollte noch etwas zu retten sein. Was der Spaß kostet und wie er zu vermeiden ist, verraten die IT-Profis der Kliniken und die Festplatten-Doktoren der Datenretter.

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Hipp, Lena. "Erwerbsarbeit und Digitalisierung. Corona als Vorgeschmack auf das, was kommt?" GWP – Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik 69, n.º 3-2020 (1 de octubre de 2020): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/gwp.v69i3.14.

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Über: Lisa Herzog, Die Rettung der Arbeit. Ein politischer Aufruf , 2019, Berlin. Ausgangspunkt des Buches ist die spätestens seit der Marienthal-Studie (Jahoda, Lazarsfeld und Zeisel, 1975 [1933]) fest etablierte Erkenntnis, dass Erwerbsarbeit nicht nur Einkommensquelle ist, sondern auch ein Element, das den Alltag der meisten Menschen strukturiert und sie sozial integriert. Diese Funktionen gilt es zu schützen, wenn nicht gar zu retten. Für Herzog ist Erwerbsarbeit eine „zutiefst menschliche Angelegenheit“, die insbesondere im Zuge einer fortschreitenden Digitalisierung zusätzlicher sozialer, organisatorischer und rechtlicher Gestaltung bedarf, um ihre Integrationsfunktion weiterhin und für viele Menschen beizubehalten. Sie hinterfragt zentrale Vorstellungen, die wir von Arbeit – insbesondere digitalisierter Arbeit – haben, und entwickelt daraus Ansätze und Vorschläge, wie die Spielregeln einer digitalisierten Arbeitswelt lauten könnten. Dazu betrachtet sie fünf Themenfelder: Arbeitsteilung, politische Gestaltung der Arbeitswelt, Verantwortung und Haftung im Wirtschaftsleben, Hierarchien und der soziale Gestaltungswert von Erwerbsarbeit.

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Hassel, Anke y Susanne Lütz. "Durch die Krise aus der Krise? Die neue Stärke des Staates". dms – der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 3, n.º 2 (10 de diciembre de 2010): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v3i2.01.

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In der Finanzkrise ergriffen die westlichen Staaten eine Reihe von Politikinstrumenten, die ein fester Bestandteil der gemischten Ökonomien der unmittelbaren Nachkriegsphase waren, jedoch mit dem liberalen Staatsverständnis der letzten Jahrzehnte kaum zu vereinbaren sind. Was bedeuten diese Entwicklungen für die aktuelle Staatsdiskussion? Erleben wir eine Wiederkehr des Interventionsstaates oder ist dies nur eine kurzfristige Maßnahme zur Rettung globalisierter und liberalisierter Marktwirtschaften? In dem Beitrag analysieren wir die drei wichtigsten Politikinstrumente Verstaatlichung, Konjunkturpolitik und Regulierung der Finanzmärkte. Wir beobachten eine neue Handlungsfähigkeit des Staates, die über die reine Rettung der Marktwirtschaft hinausgeht, jedoch im Vergleich zum Interventionsstaat wichtige Unterschiede aufweist. Unter den Bedingungen globaler Märkte folgen staatliche Eingriffe den Interessen des nationalen Standorts und sind durch die Notwendigkeit der Kooperation mit anderen Staaten beschränkt. Für die Zukunft erwarten wir, dass der Staat in diesem Sinne die neu gewonnen Eingriffsmöglichkeiten weiter erhalten wird, um den nationalen Standort im globalen Kapitalismus zu schützen.

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HOPPE, RUDOLF. "Der Topos der Prophetenverfolgung bei Paulus". New Testament Studies 50, n.º 4 (octubre de 2004): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002868850400030x.

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Dem vieldiskutierten Problem des Verhältnisses von 1 Thess 2.15f. und Röm 11 wird hier unter dem Aspekt der Funktion des Topos vom verfolgten Propheten nachgegangen. Es zeigt sich, dass Paulus in den je verschiedenen konkreten Fragestellungen von 1 Thess 2.13–16 und Röm 11.1–10 das Motiv vom verfolgten Propheten einsetzt, um die Durchsetzungsfähigkeit des Evangeliums aufzuweisen. Die vermeintlichen Gegensätze zwischen 1 Thess 2.13–16 und Röm 11 sind dahingehend einander zuzuordnen, dass es Paulus sowohl im 1 Thess als auch im Röm primär um die Wirkmächtigkeit des Evangeliums geht, die die Behinderung der Rettung der Heiden überwindet (1 Thess) und Israel letztlich der Rettung zuführt (Röm 11).

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Trüper, Henning. "Rettung der Toten vor dem Vergessen". KulturPoetik 22, n.º 1 (22 de marzo de 2022): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/kult.2022.22.1.9.

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Leoni, Thomas. "Der investive Sozialstaat: Rettung aus der Krise des europäischen Integrationsprojekts?" Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 64, n.º 3 (25 de octubre de 2018): 305–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2018-0017.

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AbstractDie Ereignisse seit dem Ausbruch der Großen Rezession haben gezeigt, dass die soziale Dimension der EU eine entscheidende Bedeutung für die Stabilität und politische Legitimation der EU einnimmt. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Rolle und das Potenzial der sozialinvestiven Perspektive auf den Wohlfahrtsstaat für die Weiterentwicklung des europäischen Integrationsprojekts. Dazu werden in einem ersten Schritt die Kerngedanken dieses sozialpolitischen Ansatzes erläutert und ihre Bedeutung mit Blick auf die EU und insbesondere auf die Währungsunion beleuchtet. In einem zweiten Schritt wird analysiert, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß der sozialinvestive Ansatz im politischen Prozess der EU verankert ist, wobei der Fokus auf den jüngsten Entwicklungen und Initiativen liegt.

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Rammler, Nina y Birte Spier. "Sind wir noch zu retten?" intensiv 25, n.º 06 (noviembre de 2017): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-118878.

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Zusammenfassung Probleme des frühzeitigen Ausstiegs aus dem Pflegeberuf Ist der frühzeitige Ausstieg aus dem Pflegeberuf eine Bedrohung für den Berufsstand? Was kann getan werden, um den Pflegeberuf und somit auch die pflegerische Versorgung von Patienten und Pflegebedürftigen zukünftig sicherzustellen? Was müssen Arbeitgeber tun, um qualifizierte Pflegekräfte an sich zu binden? Diesen Fragen ist die Autorin in einer Literaturarbeit im Rahmen ihrer Fachweiterbildung für Anästhesie- und Intensivpflege nachgegangen und hat damit beim Thieme Intensiv-Pflegepreis 2016 den 1. Platz belegt. Die Kernfrage Ihres Beitrags lautet: Wer pflegt uns 2050?

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Rosen, Zvi. "Die Rettung des Menschlichen in der Unmenschlichkeit". Zeitschrift für kritische Theorie (ZkT) 17, n.º 32/33 (1 de diciembre de 2011): 10–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/9783866746763_2.

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49

Miosga, Manfred. "Können Kommunen das Klima retten?" sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung 8, n.º 1/2 (24 de abril de 2020): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36900/suburban.v8i1/2.586.

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Klimaschutz ist in den wenigen letzten Jahren zu einem dominanten politischen Topos geworden. Insbesondere die Schulstreik-Bewegung der Fridays for Future (FFF) hat die öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit auf die Erkenntnisse der internationalen Klimaforschung gelenkt. Diese hat im Vorfeld der internationalen Klimakonferenzen eingefordert, dass endlich „nie dagewesene Maßnahmen“ ergriffen werden müssen, um die für den Fortbestand der menschlichen Zivilisation – so wie wir sie bisher kennen – bedrohlichen Auswirkungen der Erhitzung der Erdatmosphäre auf ein kontrollierbares Maß zu begrenzen. Die international bestens vernetzten jungen sozialen Bewegungen wie FFF oder Extinction Rebellion haben dabei in letzter Zeit auch die kommunale Ebene als Adressatin für ihre Aktionen entdeckt: Sie fordern von den Kommunen, den Klimanotstand auszurufen, und nutzen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten wie Bürger*innenversammlungen, um dieser Forderung auch durch Beschlüsse Nachdruck zu verleihen. Immerhin haben sich laut Umweltbundesamt mittlerweile mehr als 40 Kommunen per Beschluss selbst verpflichtet, dem Klimaschutz eine höhere Priorität einzuräumen als bisher (Stand 6.2.2020, vgl. Umweltbundesamt 2020). Dabei hat die Ausrufung des ‚Klimanotstands‘ allenfalls eine symbolische Bedeutung und entfaltet keine rechtlich bindende Wirkung. Vielmehr wird über diese Aktivitäten ein Beitrag zur diskursiven (Re-)Konstruktion eines Politikfeldes auf kommunaler Ebene geleistet und eine Steigerung der Bedeutung des Klimaschutzes auch auf kommunaler Ebene erzeugt.

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50

Zier, Hans-Werner, Heike Dreuse, Stefan Zeuch y Alban Huschenbeth. "Stadtmauer am Inneren Frauentor in Mühlhausen (Thüringen) - keine Rettung im Bestand!" Bausubstanz 10, n.º 4 (2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/2190-4278-2019-4-28.

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Bereits im Jahr 1996 war bekannt, dass Zemente mit hohem Sulfatwiderstand zu Schäden in Mauerwerk mit Gipsmörteln führen. Dennoch kamen sie an der Stadtmauer in Mühlhausen zum Einsatz. Es war auch bekannt, dass Feuchteeinträge über die Steinoberflächen und über Abrisse im Bereich des Wehrgangs in das Mauerwerk eindringen. Beide Effekte begünstigten die Bildung und schädigende Wirkung von Treibmineralen. Deshalb war es nicht verwunderlich, dass Schadensprozesse, die scheinbar kontrolliert eingedämmt worden waren, weiter abliefen. Glücklicherweise sind diese Prozesse bei Untersuchungen 2006 erkannt und in den Folgejahren beobachtet worden. Der Eingriff in die Originalsubstanz erscheint dramatisch. Er ist aber eine Folge der Jahrzehnte bis Jahrhunderte andauernden Prozesse an der im Beitrag vorgestellten Stadtmauer. Diese sind nicht nur durch das unmittelbare Umfeld - wie Baum- und Strauchbewuchs oder angrenzende Bebauung - bedingt, sondern resultieren auch aus der Vielzahl von Baumaterialien, welche bei den Sanierungs- und Umbaumaßnahmen verwendet worden waren. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Ergebnisse der Zustandsuntersuchungen in den Jahren 2006 und 2017 sowie die Konsequenzen, welche sich aus der Untersuchung von Proben aus dem zurückgebauten Mauerwerk im Frühjahr 2018 ergaben. Ziel des Neuaufbaus war letztendlich die Erhaltung des geschichtsträchtigen Gesamterscheinungsbilds der Stadtmauer im Bereich des Inneren Frauentors. Diese Metadaten wurden zur Verfügung gestellt von der Literaturdatenbank RSWB®plus

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