Tesis sobre el tema "Développement et évaluation de modèle"
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Leporini, Mathieu. "Développement et évaluation d'un modèle tridimensionnel de nuage chaud à microphysique détaillée". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665540.
Texto completoValorso, Richard. "Développement et évaluation d'un modèle explicite de formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires : sensibilité aux paramètres physico-chimiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674473.
Texto completoPlanche, Céline. "Développement et évaluation d'un modèle tridimensionnel de nuage mixte à microphysique détaillée : application aux précipitations orographiques". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00622980.
Texto completoValorso, Richard. "Développement et évaluation d’un modèle explicite de formation d’aérosols organiques secondaires : sensibilité aux paramètres physico-chimiques". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1126/document.
Texto completoFine aerosols have an important impact on health, visibility and climate. Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) represent an important fraction of fine aerosol composition. SOA are formed by nucleation or condensation onto pre-existing particles of gaseous species formed during the oxidation of emitted volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC oxidation implies a huge number of secondary intermediates which are potentially involved in SOA formation. In order to study SOA formation, it is necessary to develop chemical schemes describing explicitly the formation and condensation of the gaseous secondary intermediates. The LISA has thus developed in collaboration with NCAR (National Center of Atmospheric Research) a generator of explicit chemical schemes : GECKO-A (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere). This work aims at testing (i) the reliability of GECKO-A to simulate observed SOA concentrations in Atmospheric Simulation Chamber (ASC) and (ii) exploring the SOA sensitivity to physico-chemical parameters such as saturation vapour pressures, chamber walls effects or kinetics rate constants. In order to assess GECKO-A's chemical schemes, the model has been confronted to chamber experiments performed to study SOA. Saturation vapour pressure (Pvap) is the key parameter controlling the gas/particles partitioning of organic compounds The three Pvap estimation methods considered as the more reliable in the literature have been implemented in GECKO-A. Pvap estimated by the three methods differs highly, up to several orders of magnitude. Despite of these discrepancies, simulated SOA concentration and speciation show a low sensitivity to the method used to estimate the Pvap. Moreover, none of the methods were able to make the model fit the observations. SOA concentration is systematically overestimated of a factor 2. Semi volatile organic compounds deposition on a chamber walls has been investigated. The implementation of this process in the model leads to a significant decrease of the simulated SOA concentrations, up to factor of 2. Simulated SOA yields are in good agreement with measured SOA yields. The hypothesis of a misrepresentation of some gaseous processes has then been investigated through sensitivity tests. SOA formation sensitivity to COV+ OH reactions rate constants has been explored. Results exhibited a high sensitivity to the rate constants estimations (regarding the rate constants values estimation, as well as the determination of the OH attack sites). The estimated alkoxy radicals decomposition rate constants have also been tested. This test showed however no significant impact on the simulated SOA yields
Melloul, Elise. "Aspergillose aviaire : développement d’un modèle d’aspergillose chez la dinde (Meleagris gallopavo) et évaluation de l’efficacité de l’énilconazole". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1183/document.
Texto completoAspergillus fumigatus remains a major respiratory pathogen in both ornamental and poultry. Aspergillosis can be responsible for high mortality rates and induces significant economic losses, particularly in turkey production, and it is still difficult to treat. We developed a new model of acute aspergillosis in young turkeys by inoculating few-days-old turkeys via intratracheal aerosolization with increasing concentrations (105 up to 108) of conidia using a MicroSprayer® device. The fungal burden was assessed and compared by real-time PCR, galactomannan (GM) dosage, fungal colony (CFU) counting and by histopathology. Early death occurred in the first 96 h post-inoculation only at the highest inoculum dose. We observed a correlation between inoculum size and results obtained by real-time PCR, GM dosage and CFU counting. The mean fungal burden detected by qPCR was 1.3 log10 units higher than the mean values obtained by CFU measurement. Furthermore, this new model, with its unique combination of markers, has been used to evaluate the efficacy of enilconazole
Dubois, Amandine. "Expression et évaluation de la douleur chez l'enfant porteur d'un retard mental". Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30045.
Texto completoWe have studied the behavioural expression and assessment of acute pain in children with an intellectual disability (I. D. ), for whom the abilities to explain and verbalise pain are insufficient. Expression of pain in children with I. D. Is compared, on the one hand to the ontogenetic development of pain expressed in normal children aged 0 to 36 months and on the other hand to children of the same chronological and developmental age. Results show the influence of the degree of intellectual disability, illustrated by the level of expressive communication and socialization, on the pain expression. Children with mild to moderate I. D. Who can verbalise their pain, produce a normative pain expression with behavioural traits similar to those of normal children aged 24 to 48 months; children with profound or severe I. D. Who are unable to verbalise their pain, produce a particular pain expression with behavioural traits that are atypical and without communicative goal. These results are used to produce a pain assessment implement. An Item Response Theory model, the Rasch model, is employed to realise 2 scales fitting the abilities of children with I. D. And the characteristics of their pain expression: the scale d3-24 originally validated for normal children has been adopted for children with mild to moderate I. D. ; 10 items have been highlighted for the assessment of pain in children with profound to severe I. D
Nonne, Christelle. "Développement et caractérisation d'un modèle de thrombose artérielle mésentérique induite par un rayon laser et évaluation de nouvelles cibles antiplaquettaires". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/NONNE_Christelle_2007.pdf.
Texto completoRendon-Pimentel, Luis. "L'irrigation à la planche : développement et évaluation d'un nouveau modèle hydrologique pour simuler et prédire l'avancement du front couplé à l'infiltration". Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10079.
Texto completoWang, Tao. "Développement et évaluation du modèle de surface ORCHIDEE : apport pour la simulation des cycles de l'eau et du carbone aux hautes latitudes". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0045.
Texto completoThis thesis is to evaluate and develop a land surface model ORCHIDEE (Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic EcosystEms). In the first part, ORCHIDEE on multiple timescales is evaluated by a novel methodology linking Artificial Neural Networks to Singular System Analysis. The joint analysis of observations and simulations uncovers the characteristics of model bias at and across timescales in different plant function types and climate groups, which provide references for future ORCHIDEE developments. To have a throughout understanding of snow effects on present and future carbon fluxes, ORCHIDEE with a decent snow model should be developed. In the second part, a site-synthesis analysis of winter ecosystem respiration and its controls across eddy covariance sites in mid- and high-latitude regions has been conducted. The result corroborates the role of winter respiration in annual carbon budget, and snow effects on winter respiration could be indirectly observed by its insulating effect on soil. The standard ORCHIDEE snow model is a simple bucket model and has been shown to bias snow simulations. In the third part, internal snow processes (e. G. Snow melting/refreezing; water infiltration between snow layers) were thus developed in ORCHIDEE. Moreover, a new forest albedo parameterization was also implemented. In the third and final parts, this newly developed snow model has been validated based on both site and continental levels, and a significant improvement has been seen in terms of snow pack properties examined. This new snow model coupled with permafrost will be used to explore high-latitude water and carbon dynamics in the future
Orou, Zime Hamed. "Une évaluation du risque d'innovation sur les rendements boursiers des entreprises américaines". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35199.
Texto completoThe principal objective pursued by this thesis is to measure the risk of innovation on the return on corporates assets. To do this, we use three measures of innovation, namely: R&D expenditure / Book value (RD/VC ), R&D / Total assets expense (RD/AT), and the elasticity R&D of the total income (r). Through these three measures, we build three innovation risk premiums. When the innovation premium is associated with the ratio RD/VC or RD/AT , our results indicate that firms are not only exposed to the risk of innovation, but also that their sensitivity to the risk of innovation is inversely proportional to their size. On the other hand, when the innovation premium is associated with r, we notice that our coefficients are very weak and insignificant. We therefore conclude that the most innovative companies are those that invest the most in research and development.
Ouaras, Hakim. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'intégration Transport-Occupation du sol et évaluation de projets d'investissement dans une optique du développement durable". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0540/document.
Texto completoModeling is used to predict the future behavior of different phenomena. In urban planning it is also used to help planners to cope with multiple challenges of urban planning. The urban system is so complex that it is impossible to accurately predict the behavior of different agents. The urban economics has attempted to provide some explanation, but still not sufficient to identify all interactions between the different agents. The purpose of my thesis is within the framework of this subject. It is structured into two parts. In the first one we discuss the modeling of land use/Transport interactions, a study at a microscopic level. The second is the analysis of pollutant emissions and transport project assessment in the context of sustainable development. The latter is processed at a more aggregated level. We apply our models to Île-de-France region.In the first part we proceed by linking two softwares, a land use model (UrbanSim) and a transport model (METROPOLIS), to create an integrated system LUTI (Land-Use and Transport Interaction).The behavior of agents is intercepted through estimates. For that estimation is performed, such as: household location, employment location, urban projects location and the rent and selling prices of housing. The system is calibrated on data from Census 2006. The application is carried out on two levels of geographical units; the first one is a gridcell of 500 x 500 meters and the second in administrative zoning municipalities.In the second part, we were interested in the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions in transport and a study of economic and environmental efficiency of the Seine-Nord Europe project. Indeed, in the context of French politics to fight against greenhouse gas emissions, modal shift from polluting modes of transport to clean modes is encouraged. This is the case of the project SNE, in which the authorities hope a modal shift from road to inland waterways. Its aim is to extend the use of this canal to wide-gauge barges. As it stands, the canal allow access only to narrow gauge barges, with load not exceeding 600 tones. Our aim is to perform a cost-benefit analysis for this extension by introducing a stochastic dimension to the function of demand and energy price
Prieur, Fabien. "Croissance et environnement dans le modèle à générations imbriquées : analyse dynamique et évaluations des politiques publiques". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX24005.
Texto completoIn this study, we deal with topical environmental issues by having recourse to the overlapping generations model of growth. First, our purpose is to recognize that the recovery process of nature is finite and vanishes beyond a critical threshold of damage. Considering the potential irreversibility of pollution implies that the development process can drive the polluting economy to a poverty trap. Moreover, the theoretical explanations of the environmental Kuznets curve are seriously challenged since the private agent’s investment in abatement fails to promote sustainable growth. Then, we show that regulating pollution with permits is an effective policy, provided that some precise rules concerning the choice of the global quota on emissions are respected, from the view point of its ability to protect the economy against the convergence toward a poverty trap. Once we have set conditions excluding traps, we also prove that environmental policy does not necessarily mean a slackening in growth. Its reinforcement can even produce a double dividend. Finally, we address the issue of the definition of the emission quota. We assume that the economy’s commitment in pollution control goes through the setting exogenous quota. When the permits system is too latitudinarian, it is possible to exceed the rigidity imposed by the quota and to achieve the social optimum by implementing a policy consisting in the segmentation of the permits market
Lardeur, Pascal. "Développement et évaluation de deux nouveaux éléments finis de plaques et coques composites avec influence du cisaillement transversal". Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD261.
Texto completoBerthelot, Béatrice. "Estimation de la production primaire marine : développement et évaluation d'un modèle adapté à l'utilisation des données satellitales de couleur de l'océan". Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT035H.
Texto completoMarif, Anouar. "Référentiel pour le développement d'un système de pilotage de la performance cohérent et réactif". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70269.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at elaborating a framework for the development of a coherent and responsive performance management system, interface between several distinct and complementary methods. The proposed framework integrates key performance management principle s and offers an improved and promising alternative to traditional performance measurement systems. A performance management system is an essential tool for an organization. Otherwise, the conception of this system remains a complex process given the several aspects and elements that the organization must integrate into its process of evaluating and improving performance, in particular disruptive events, often neglected in the literature and very difficult to take into account in the development of a performance management mechanism. Decision-making to cover the effects of a disruptive event is not immediate as it has an inertia which can lead to a loss of overall performance. Also, decision-makers rarely have the necessary tools to verify that the used key performance management components (Objectives-Decision variables-Performance indicators) are coherent and help to move the organization towards achievement of its expected objectives. Hence, the organization operates in an uncertain environment and must be adaptable to ensure its viability. This research is motivated by a strong need raised by the achieved literature review highlighting the need to develop a performance management system that responds to current management challenges, namely : consistency between the key management components performance and responsiveness to deal with disruptive events. As a result, the main objective of this thesis is to propose a framework for the development of a coherent and responsive performance management system. The contributions of this thesis are presented in four phases. In a first phase, based on the findings of the literature review, we underlined the need to propose a structural approach SIPCo (Consistent Performance Indicator System) to identify the key components of performance management and to ensure their consistency through two methods. A logical method based on (1) a decision-making system modeling approach in order to identify the decision-making centers and (2) an informational system modeling approach in order to establish a representation of the interactive part of the key components of the performance management of each of the decision-making centers. The SIPCo method is also based on a participatory method to support the logical approach in order to define the various key components of performance management with future users. In a second phase, we proposed a procedural approach SYPCo-R (Coherent and Responsive Performance Management System) by integrating "potential event", an essential element nowadays never integrated by other performance evaluation systems. Most performance management systems are based on the triplet "Objective – Decision variable - Performance indicator" while the proposed SYPCo-R is based on the quadruplet "Objective - Potential event - Decision variable - Performance indicator". The objective of SYPCo-R is to provide overall consistency in the use of the key performance management components, and responsiveness by integrating the notion of potential event into decision-making through a methodology for classifying decision variables allowing to thwart potential events that may hinder the achievement of objectives. In a third phase, we proposed a conceptual model MCR (Conceptual Model of Reactivity) which uses the fundamental properties of the notion of reactivity in the form of an algorithm composed of a set of operating rules to identify performance failures in terms of reactivity and their origins in order to adjust and consolidate SYPCo-R. In a fourth phase, we proposed a predictive approach based on simulation to evaluate and assess the impact of the values fixed on the alternatives associated with each decision variable chosen from the ranking resulting from the SYPCo-R approach. Furthermore, this approach aims to anticipate performance failures to adjust the parameters of MCR and SYPCo-R. This will provide decision-makers with an additional tool to ensure consistency and responsiveness based on anticipation and prediction. This thesis provides innovative solutions in the process of developing a performance management system by proposing an interface by proposing an interface framework between several distinct and complementary methods that effectively responds to the concerns of decision-makers. The proposed framework allows to identify the complexity of a system and to make it intelligible to decision-makers. Moreover, this framework accepts future extensions based on an optimized exploitation of real-time data.
Sapolin, Bertrand. "Construction d'une méthodologie d'évaluation statistique des logiciels de dispersion atmosphérique utilisés en évaluation de risque NRBC et développement d'un modèle d'estimation de l'incertitude des résultats". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077217.
Texto completoAtmospheric dispersion of contaminated clouds following deliberate or accidental releases of CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) toxic substances may have serious health impacts. In order to estimate them, CBRN risk assessment activities rely, among other things, on atmospheric dispersion models. These models compute the concentration field of pollutant in order to quantify potential adverse effects on human population. They need to be evaluated, which means their outputs have to be compared to experimental data within an appropriate methodology. Now, existing evaluation methodologies have two flaws: firstly they are not suited to risk assessment, and secondly their results may be somewhat arbitrary because they are based on direct comparisons between observations and model results. Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer introduces a large random component in the observations, and thus an inevitable gap between observations and model results, be the latter "perfect". In this thesis two tools have been built to fix these issues. The first one is an evaluation methodology suitable for the risk assessment context. The second one is an empirical statistical model meant to estimate the uncertainty in the simulation results. It can be associated to an atmospheric dispersion model with probabilistic capabilities in order to produce an envelop of the answer rather than a unique "average" result, the latter being of little use despite its omnipresence in current risk assessment studies. When used jointly, the two tools developed in this thesis enable model/experiment comparisons to be more objective and less subject to experimental randomness
Boyer, Louise. "Coconstruction d'un modèle cognitif et l'apprentissage d'une compétence en vue d'assurer la validité et l'équité de son évaluation : le cas de la compétence "Exercer un jugement clinique infirmier". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6384.
Texto completoAbdul, Fabien. "Développement et évaluation de nouvelles stratégies pour le traitement des hépatites B chroniques, dans le modèle du canard de Pékin infecté par le DHBV". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10284.
Texto completoDevelopment and evaluation of new strategies for treating chronic hepatitis B in the model of Peking duck infected with DHBVChronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to more than one million deaths each year. The low success rate of current therapies against HBV infection shows the need of alternative therapeutics. Thus, we studied a new strategy based on the use of antisense molecules (PNAs) coupled with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). We have shown that PNAs targeting the DHBV encapsidation signal coupled to CPPs penetrated into the cells and led to an inhibition of viral replication. In addition, we have demonstrated an antiviral activity of the CCP (Arg)8 itself. We then evaluate the mechanism of antiviral action of this CPP in vitro and have shown that it inhibited the late stages of viral morphogenesis, leading to a strong inhibition of the release of viral particles. Furthermore, we were interested in evaluating immunotherapeutic strategies, based on DNA vaccination. We have demonstrated the benefits of co-administration of cytokines (IFNy), with a DNA vaccine directed against the DHBV large envelope protein (preS/S), enhancing the magnitude of humoral response and enhancing neutralizing anti-DHBV antibody response. Finally we evaluated the benefits of a heterologous immunization approach or prime-boost immunization involving DNA vaccination and a recombinant viral vector (AdenoCELO) encoding the DHBV preS/S and IFNy proteins. We have shown that heterologous immunization induced a humoral response stronger than that induced by homologous immunization. By contrast, the heterologous prime-boost strategy was less effective than homologous DNA immunization for therapy of chronic DHBV-carrier ducks
Salameh, Emmeline. "Développement d'un modèle murin de dénutrition avec entéropathie et évaluation de molécules d'intérêt permettant de contribuer au rétablissement de la fonction de barrière intestinale". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR064.
Texto completoBackground : Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global health issue affecting 17 million children under the age of 5. SAM induces rapid weight loss and is often associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). EED is characterized by intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation, villus blunting and nutrient malabsorption. EED might, therefore, limit stabilization and re-nutrition protocol efficacy. Objectives : This thesis aimed to develop an undernutrition model with enteropathy to evaluate the effect of a therapeutic milk enriched with nutrients on gut barrier function. Results : During preclinical model development, several approaches were tested: calorie restriction, low-protein diet, use of lipopolysaccharides and indomethacin. Only daily indomethacin gavage during one week in protein-energy undernourished mice induced growth faltering associated with enteropathy. After preclinical model validation, we evaluated the effect of therapeutic milk supplemented with glutamine, leucine, gum arabic and/or selenium-enriched yeast on gut barrier function. Glutamine and leucine induce beneficial effects on gut barrier function. In ourexperimental conditions, therapeutic milk enriched with a combination of glutamine and leucine had a limited impact on this parameter. Gum arabic and selenium-enriched yeasts have prebiotic and probiotic properties on gut barrier function. Therapeutic milk supplemented with gum arabic and selenium-enriched yeast inhibited intestinal inflammation and enhanced specific bacteria abundance such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.Conclusion : The studies conducted during this thesis permitted to develop a new model of undernutrition with enteropathy. Therapeutic milk enriched with arabic gum and selenium-enriched yeast triggered beneficial effects on gut barrier function in our preclinical model
Grandmougin, Daniel. "Développement d’un modèle expérimental porcin d’autorétroperfusion myocardique à coeur battant : évaluation des réponses hémodynamiques et cardiaques avant et après occlusion de l’artère interventriculaire antérieure : potentialités d’applications cliniques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0098/document.
Texto completoPart I: Objectives. This work reports an anatomic study of swine heart in order to produce technical recommendations and achieve successful experimental cardiac surgical procedures. Methods. 16 swines were studied. Coronary artery vessels were surgically (n=13) and angiographically (n=10) assessed. Coronary venous vessels were studied by anatomic dissections (n=13) and retrograde injection of methylene blue through the coronary sinus (n=8). Results. Specific pericardial positioning of swine heart dramatically differs from human heart resulting in a limited access to ascending aorta and right atrium, requiring surgical precautions to perform a safe sternotomy and canulation of ascending aorta with an antegrade cardioplegia. Arterial coronary pattern is similar to that of humans (right dominant supply: 70%). Pig coronary sinus receives 4 main branches vs 3 in human sinus. Preliminary ligation of the left azygos vein is required to visualize the surface distribution of methylene blue within the venous vessels, thereby confirming an optimized perfusion of the left ventricle whereas the right ventricle remains poorly perfused. This asymmetry of perfusion results from a specific venous drainage of the right ventricle through small cardiac veins disconnected from coronary sinus. Conclusions. Anatomic knowledge of swine heart validated surgical guidelines for designing the model of self-myocardial retroperfusion and safely performing experimental cardiac surgical procedures. Part II: Background. Retrograde perfusion into the coronary sinus is used to deliver cardioplegia. We developed an in-vivo porcine beating-heart model of self-myocardial retroperfusion (SMR) using the venous route to supply myocardial oxygenation and sought to assess hemodynamic and cardiac responses triggered by SMR before and after a prolonged occlusion of the LAD.Methods. A bypass-line between the ascending aorta and the coronary sinus was made to perform a selective retrograde perfusion of the great cardiac vein with oxygenated blood (SMR). A Control group (n=6) was assigned to collect baseline data, and an SMR group (n=6) was dedicated to undergo SMR with occlusion of LAD for 240 minutes. Cardiac output (CO), maximal pressure in the LV (Pmax in-LV), stroke volume (SV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), diastolic durations, heart rate, and arterial systemic pressure were evaluated with conductance catheters for the following periods: basal (before SMR), SMR with patent LAD, and SMR with occluded LAD. In order to assess peripheral perfusion, patterns of sublingual microcirculation were analyzed. At the end of the procedures, the hearts were harvested for histology. Results. Echographic LVEF evaluation was affected by sternotomy, but conductance catheter evaluation was not. Following pericardiotomy, CO decreased by 7.51% (P < 0.05). SMR with patent LAD showed inotropic properties with improvements in CO, SV, Pmax in-LV and LVEF (P < 0.0001). Following LAD occlusion, SMR supplied myocardial oxygenation with hemodynamic compensation and preserved the peripheral perfusion. Histology confirmed no signs of infarct. Conclusions. SMR showed capacities to produce inotropic effects and protect against ischemia, opening interesting potential applications
Thai, Hoai-Thu. "Développement de modèles mécanistiques et évaluation de l'incertitude des paramètres par bootstrap : application aux médicaments anti-angiogéniques". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881823.
Texto completoThai, Hoai Thu. "Développement de modèles mécanistiques et évaluation de l'incertitude des paramètres par bootstrap : application aux médicaments anti-angiogéniques". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077025.
Texto completoAngiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculator, is particularly mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a therapeutic target of new anti-angiogenic drugs such as aflibercept (Zaltrap®). Because of the binding to VEGF, the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of this new drug become more complex. In this thesis, we have studied the mechanism of action of aflibercept by building population PK/PD models. We firstly developed the joint PK model of free and bound aflibercept in healthy subjects. We then applied this model to data in cancer patients, assessed the influence of physiopathologie factors on their PK and evaluated the choice of therapeutic dose by simulation. A PD model characterizing the effect of aflibercept on tumor growth was then built for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. We also studied by simulation the contribution of bootstrap approach in nonlinear mixed-effects models (NLMEM) in estimating uncertainty of parameters. We have shown that the bootstraps only provide better estimates of uncertainty in NLMEM with high nonlinearity compared to the asymptotic method. The case bootstrap performs as well as the nonparametric bootstrap of both random effects and residuals. However, they may face practical problems, e. G skewed distributions in parameter estimates and unbalanced designs where stratification may be insufficient
Yapaudjian-Thibaut, Anne. "Commerce Nord-Sud et inégalités : une évaluation en équilibre général calculable". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2002.
Texto completoIn the industrialised countries, in the 1980s, the rise in wage inequality and unemployment takes place in a context of intensified competition and development of trade flows. The objective of thesis is to examine the linkage between globalisation and labour market. Within the framework of North-South relations, we will focus more precisely on the distributive conflict generated by an exogenous trade policy. The first part of the thesis exposes the main theoretical and empirical lessons on the impact of trade openness under perfect competition hypothesis. Then, we develop an applied general equilibrium model with a multi-region and multi-sector specification, to assess the impact of North-South Trade on earnings distribution in industrialised countries. Simulations show that the ongoing North-South globalisation does not generate necessarily a net loss for unskilled labour. In the second part, the research work is devoted to an analysis of the effect of North-South trade with imperfections in both goods and labour markets. We show that imperfections in goods market do not lead to reconsider fundamentally the trade impact. Nevertheless, the employment and wage adjustments, generated by globalisation, are closely linked through labour market paradigms
Ciric, Catalina. "Conception et développement d'un nouveau modèle d'écosystème aquatique adapté pour décrire la dynamique des espèces dans des mésocosmes lotiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10131.
Texto completoExtrapolations from single-species effect data are usually used for assessing the potential effects of a chemical on ecosystems. However such extrapolation fails to account for the interactions that inevitably exist among the species that coexist within the ecosystem. The use of ecosystem models could be an alternative, because it allows considering between species interactions and predicting contaminant effects on populations of nontarget species (indirect effects). The aim of this PhD project was to develop a new compartment ecological model for an aquatic ecosystem. The compartments were defined based upon the trophic structure of flow-through mesocosms. The ecological processes were modeled by thoroughly chosen mathematical functions. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the parameters of the model, in order to identify the non-influential ones. Once identified, these parameters were set to fixed values whereas the other parameters were calibrated in order to maximize the fit of model outputs with experimental data from the mesocosms
Gegout, Pascale. "Développement d'un modèle de chondropathie expérimentale chez le rat : l'arthrite induite au zymosan ; évaluation des propriétés anti-inflammatoires et chondroprotectrices d'antagonistes du récepteur au leucotriène B4". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10464.
Texto completoBasse, Nicolas. "Développement d'inhibiteurs non covalents du protéasome eucaryote : conception, criblage et évaluation biologique dans le cadre de la physiopathologie musculaire". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077229.
Texto completoCurrently, there are no safe and effective medicines available to treat muscle atrophy. The ATP-dependent ubiquitin proteasome System is implicated in muscle atrophy and limb-girdle muscular atrophy (LGMD-1C) and in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Reversible and action-controlled proteasome inhibitors might contribute to anti-atrophy drug discovery by blocking degradation pathways activated during atrophy of skeletal muscles. They may also be used in the treatment of DMD and LGMD-1C. Our aim is the design, synthesis and enzymatic study of novel proteasome inhibitors acting in a reversible manner and without creating a covalent bond between the targeted enzyme and the inhibitor. Rational design of inhibitors notably by using molecular modelling. These inhibitors are either pseudopeptides and modified peptides built to facilitate specific binding to an unique targeted site and to resist to protease hydrolysis, or mimics of the natural inhibitor TMC-95A. Carry out detailed analysis of the effect of the newly synthesized molecules on proteasome activities: inhibition, activation, allosteric effects. Characterisation of regulatory non-catalytic sites (photolabeling, 2D electrophoresis, western blot, masss spectrometry) in order to design novel molecules that target them. In order to identify new hits screening in silico of a virtual library. The new inhibitors are putative candidates to treat LGMD-1C, LGMD-2D, DMD and muscle wasting
Boisgard, Anne-Sophie. "Élaboration de nano-formulations innovantes pour le traitement topique du psoriasis et évaluation de l'inhibition de la voie JAK/STAT sur un modèle murin de psoriasis induit". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1241.
Texto completoPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, affecting 2 to 3 % of European population. Inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Among cytokines signaling pathways, JAK/STAT pathway has been widely investigated, leading to the development of efficient systemic agents. However, current clinical trials evaluating JAK/Sat inhibitors mainly involve oral administrations, with few investigations on topical route. Developing innovative drug delivery systems for topical application of JAK/STAT inhibitors seems a promising strategy for psoriasis treatment. Poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles (PLA NPs) developed in the laboratory have been widely investigated for topical drug delivery and are efficient carriers for local dermatotherapy, especially through hair follicles. Moreover, drug encapsulation in PLA NPs for topical delivery allows a specific delivery to the site of action, and thus a decreased toxicity.The aim of this work was to elaborate semi-solid formulations of PLA NPs containing JAK/STAT inhibitors for topical treatment of psoriasis, while characterizing an in vivo model of Imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice. This characterization of psoriasis-like skin lesions in Imiquimod treated mice provided key tools for in vivo evaluation of topical nanoformulations containing JAK/STAT inhibitors. Five formulations have been developed and then characterized in order to meet galenic criteria for topical drug administration. PLA NPs integrity was assessed, and penetration/permeation profiles of model dugs through inflamed mice skin were determined
Bobe, Steven. "Le modèle de développement économique local des parcs naturels régionaux : l'exemple des parcs naturels régionaux d'Armorique et des marais du Cotentin et du Bessin". Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20041.
Texto completoThe transformation of the countryside calls for new models in local development which we enhance by using the expression Parc naturel régional. After exploring the characteristics we will suggest they be defined as " amenital districts ". One surveys were taken out in the PNR of Armorique and Marais du Cotentin et du Bessin. We recorded the dynamics and the shape and aspects which were specific to the PNR's model of development. Although the number of firms involved in this type of development is minimal, their cognitive impact is substantial. Our geographical analysis has also allowed us to identify a spatial model which is specific to PNR, relying on the difference between " fundamental area "," secondary area ". Thus we can speak about reasoned cohabitation rather than conciliation between economic activities and the protection of nature. Thanks to this model, we will explain the major stakes which having a view on the countryside entail, we will suggest the visual access concept
Labrie, Philippe. "Développement de modèles 3D-QSAR et synthèse de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la glycoprotéine-P de type anthranilamide et leur évaluation in vitro et in vivo". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24453/24453.pdf.
Texto completoLeboucher, Julien. "Développement et évaluation de méthodes d'estimation des masses segmentaires basées sur des données géométriques et sur les forces externes : comparaison de modèles anthropométriques et géométriques". Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e2504d99-e61b-4455-8bb3-2c47771ac853.
Texto completoUse of body segment parameters close to reality is of the utmost importance in order to obtain reliable kinetics during human motion analysis. Human body is modeled as a various number of solids in the majority of human movement studies. This research aims at developing and testing two methods for the estimation of these solid masses, also known as segment masses. Both methods are based on the static equilibrium principle for several solids. The first method’s goal is to provide with limb masses using total limb centre of mass and centre of pressure, projection on the horizontal plane of the total subject’s body centre of gravity, displacements. Ratio between these displacement being the same as the ratio of limb and total body masses, the knowledge of the latter allows for the calculation of the former. The second method aims at estimation all segment masses simultaneously by resolving series of static equilibrium equations, making the same assumption that centre of pressure is total body centre of mass projection and using segment centre of mass estimations. Interest of the new methods used in this research is due to the use of individual segment centre of mass estimations using a geometrical model together with material routinely utilized in human motion analysis in order to obtain estimates of body segment masses. Limb mass estimations method performs better predicting a posteriori center of mass displacement when compared to other methods. Some of the potential causes of the second method’s failure have been investigated through the study of centre of pressure location uncertainty
Essid, Hédi. "L'induction statistique dans le modèle DEA avec inputs quasi-fixes : développements théoriques et une application au secteur de l'éducation tunisien". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Essid.pdf.
Texto completoHouot, Thierry. "Analyse du lien entre le développement des compétences et la performance organisationnelle à travers le modèle de la Balanced Scorecard : étude de cas en gestion des ressources humaines dans une entreprise industrielle". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30017.
Texto completoIn an increasingly competitive and demanding environment, the company must have a tool of recognition, measurement and representation of its immaterial credit. Therefore, we have identified the relevance of the Balanced Scorecard model, allowing to visualize the determinants of performance according to precise axes and indicators allowing to appreciate measurements. In an industrial research, we tested this model through the representations of employees on their contribution to the performance of the company and their adhesion to the various tools installed by the human resources department. The methodology used was that of the questionnaire and the semi-directing interviews. Our dissertation concludes with the formulation of a certain number of recommendations in favour of an improvement of the human resource management policy at Messier-Bugatti
Boisgard, Anne-Sophie. "Élaboration de nano-formulations innovantes pour le traitement topique du psoriasis et évaluation de l'inhibition de la voie JAK/STAT sur un modèle murin de psoriasis induit". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1241.
Texto completoPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, affecting 2 to 3 % of European population. Inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Among cytokines signaling pathways, JAK/STAT pathway has been widely investigated, leading to the development of efficient systemic agents. However, current clinical trials evaluating JAK/Sat inhibitors mainly involve oral administrations, with few investigations on topical route. Developing innovative drug delivery systems for topical application of JAK/STAT inhibitors seems a promising strategy for psoriasis treatment. Poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles (PLA NPs) developed in the laboratory have been widely investigated for topical drug delivery and are efficient carriers for local dermatotherapy, especially through hair follicles. Moreover, drug encapsulation in PLA NPs for topical delivery allows a specific delivery to the site of action, and thus a decreased toxicity.The aim of this work was to elaborate semi-solid formulations of PLA NPs containing JAK/STAT inhibitors for topical treatment of psoriasis, while characterizing an in vivo model of Imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice. This characterization of psoriasis-like skin lesions in Imiquimod treated mice provided key tools for in vivo evaluation of topical nanoformulations containing JAK/STAT inhibitors. Five formulations have been developed and then characterized in order to meet galenic criteria for topical drug administration. PLA NPs integrity was assessed, and penetration/permeation profiles of model dugs through inflamed mice skin were determined
Wanko, Ngnien Adrien. "Etude des mécanismes de transfert et évaluation des capacités d'oxygénation et de traitement des dispositifs de traitement par cultures fixées sur supports granulaires fins alimentés en discontinu-développement d'un modèle de biodégradation". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13187.
Texto completoAim of this work is to enhance understanding of the main phenomena occurring during infiltration of wastewater within vertical flow sand filter. We also introduce some operating possibilities which may improve efficiency and keep seepage beds in good working order. In the first part we document state of art in this research topic. Following some general remarks about different wastewater treatment techniques, more precise description of seepage beds is made with particular interest on its constraints and needs of further research. A central issue is the choice of porous media. It should be adapted to allow good oxygen feeding for bacteria growing on it and avoid biological clogging. Second part, mainly experimental, is focused on physical and hydraulic characterization of un-colonized crushed and stream sand. We carried out a residence time distribution (RTD) comparison of these two sands under steady and unsteady flow. Apart from characteristics of porous media and with a constant daily loading rate, decreased frequencies involve longer residence times. On the other hand, output recovery of the mass of injected tracer always occurs faster with stream sand. Continuation of hydrodynamic study is made with colonised porous media. Efficiency of biological removing of carbonaceous pollution is higher within stream sand. Opposite trend is observed with nitrogenous pollution. Removing of both nitrogenous and carbonaceous pollutions is linked to oxygenation. In other words it is linked to renewal of gaseous phase in porous medium. We highlight convection and diffusion of oxygen in porous media by using a fluorescence technology, which allows us to detect both gaseous and dissolved oxygen. We compare participation of convection and diffusion phenomena to renewal of oxygen. Achievement of this work consists on the development of a numerical code which simulates flow and pollution degradation through a colonized porous medium. Two different numerical methods have been used. In the first model, also called global approach, chemical and transport parts of each equation are solved by a single numerical scheme. A second model introduces a splitting operator method which solves separately and successively convective, dispersive and kinetic parts of each equation
Naudin, Stéphane. "Le développement embryo-larvaire du danio zébré (Brachydanio rerio) : évaluation de ce modèle pour la mesure de la toxicité des effluents et des sédiments : apports de l'analyse d'images pour les mesures biométriques de l'essai embryo-larvaire". Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Naudin.Stephane.SMZ9609.pdf.
Texto completoEffluent and sediment toxicity can be measured by a great number of bioassays in laboratory conditions. The reliability of the embryo-larval stage test using zebra danio (brachydanio rerio) was evaluated for effluent and sediment samples using several methodological improvements. We determined the tolerance range of this organism to different physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness, un-ionized ammonia) in order to evaluate their contribution to the toxicity noticed during the tests. The advantages of using an image analysis technique in order to count and measure larvae and detect gross morphological deformities were also assessed. After testing different industrial and municipal wastewaters, the minimum toxic concentrations detected by the embryo-larval test on zebra danio were greater but in the same order of magnitude as the ones obtained by two chronic bioassays on Selenastrum capricornutum and/or ceriodaphnia dubia. The sensitivity of the "fish" model to un-ionized ammonia and a teratogenic compound (dibutylphthalate) often found in municipal wastewaters justifies its integration into a battery of bioassays. Furthermore, we found the control values of the toxic end-points to be homogeneous among the embryo-larval stage tests. On the other hand, this test showed a lower relevance to measure sediment toxicity in comparison to the Microtox test (photobacterium phosphoreum) applied on whole sediment
Lebourgeois, Samuel. "Etude du cycle infectieux du virus de l’hépatite A (VHA) et développement d'un modèle in vitro pour mettre en évidence son infectiosité". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0027.
Texto completoHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a fecal-oral enteric virus that causes acute hepatitis. After entering the body orally, HAV interacts with the intestinal epithelium that it must cross to reach the liver via the bloodstream. HAV is to date the second viral etiological agent that can be involved in collective foodborne illness (TIAC). To assess the risk in food virology, the detection of RNA remains insufficient for the detection of infectious virions. Today, cultivating wild strains of HAV is difficult: they replicate very slowly in culture (release of new virions synthesized in Frhk-4 cells from 30-45 days) without inducing cytopathic effect (CPE). In contrast, some culturally adapted HAV strains are capable of inducing CPE resulting from apoptotic death of infected cells. My thesis work aimed to develop a new method of impedance detection of infectious viral particles of HAV in the context of viral diagnosis in food.In this study, using xCELLigence technology, the evaluation of the Real Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) system was undertaken to detect the ECP of the HAV adapted strain. (HM175 / 18f) on FRhK-4 cells. The results showed that cell impedance kinetics, during HAV infection, induced a decrease in cell index (CI) correlated with the occurrence of HAV-induced cell death. In addition, the time required for the fall in HAV-induced IC values was depending on the viral concentration. A linear relationship of 5 log10 could be established between the HAV concentration and the time required to reach 50% of the decrease in IC values (TdCI50), showing that RTCA monitoring could be used as an infectious HAV test method. In addition, RTCA monitoring can be performed in less than six days instead of 12 to 14 days with standard lysis range assays. Therefore, the titration method based on RTCA monitoring is a powerful tool for the evaluation of viral inactivation and antiviral treatments.Moreover, in order to be able to reproduce ECP in wild HAV strains, the pro-apoptotic caspase-dependent signalling pathways involved in apoptotic cell death of cells infected with the adapted strain were studied. From previous results showing the activation of caspase 3 during the infection of FRhK-4 cells by the HM175 / 18f strain of HAV, the extrinsic and mitochondrial pro-apoptotic pathways were identified. The expression of caspase 8, a marker of the extrinsic pathway, correlated with the expression of active caspase 3 as well as tBid protein was observed. In addition, the expression of the tBid protein induced the release of cytochrome c suggesting activation of the extrinsic pathway-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, a comparison of survival and cell death pathways during infection with wild-type strains and adapted to HAV can be performed in future work. Thus, the results offer new insights into the understanding of viral strategy for inducing ECP in host cells.In conclusion, beyond a better understanding of the pathophysiology of HAV, this study contributes to the development of cellular models to detect infectious particles of wild strains of HAV. In addition, RTCA monitoring in HAV inactivation studies will improve the assessment of viral risk in food virology by controlling the transmission of viruses through their elimination from food. This is also an important public health challenge to help reduce the burden of food-borne viral diseases
Maréchal, Xavier. "Développement d'inhibiteurs du protéasome à visée pharmacologique : élaboration rationnelle, criblages de collections de molécules et évaluation biologique sur des modèles cellulaires". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066351.
Texto completoMartini, Luigi. "Développement et évaluation de l'hypothèse de stabilité modale pour la variabilité du comportement vibratoire des structures minces modélisées par éléments finis". Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1736.
Texto completoTaking into account variability or uncertainties in structural mechanics is a real challenge and leads to intensive research activities in particular in dynamics. In this context, this work deals with the development of a methodology for the variability analysis of a structure mod¬elled by finite elements. The calculation of statistical quantities: mean value, standard devia¬tion and probability density functions, is applied to the output parameters of the model ac¬cording to the input variable parameters. The input parameters considered are: Young moduli, thicknesses, sections, nodal coordinates, densities. The output parameters retained for the study are natural frequencies and frequency response functions. The basic assumption is that the mode shapes do not depend on input parameters perturbations. For this reason the method is called: Modal Stability Procedure (MSP). It requires only one complete finite element anal¬ysis and a post-processing procedure. The method allows the reduction of the high computational costs that characterize most of the existing methods. Moreover this method has the following advantages: no limitation on the number or the level of variability of the parameters considered and easy interfacing with standard finite elements software. For academic exemples and an industrial application: a car windshield, MSP has been compared with the Monte Carlo Simulation considered as reference. Very satisfactory results have generally been obtained for the mean value, standard deviation and probability densities of quantifies of interest, for modal analysis as well as for frequency response. The limitations of the modal stability assumption have also been highlighted. Thanks to the quality of results obtained and the performances in terms of computational cost, MSP is well adapted to industrial applications
Blanc, Fany. "Développement d'un modèle cellulaire de déclanchement de la réaction allergique : applications à l'étude des allergènes du lait et de l'arachide et évaluation de l'effet de traitements thermiques sur l'allergénicité de Ara h 1". Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4944/01/Thèse_Fany_Blanc.pdf.
Texto completoDenami, Maria Antonietta. "Un Serious Game pour le développement des compétences professionnelles des opérateurs en zone aseptique : définition d'un modèle holistique de conception et études d'usage". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG025/document.
Texto completoSerious games (SGs) are a very widespread training and evaluation device, employed in different sectors of school and adult education. In this study we aim to design and develop a SG for training and evaluating personals working in aseptic environment. We will present in this research the theoretical basis needed for that design process. We will define a holistic and united model (PEGADE), which describes the collaborative and optimal process to conceive SGs and which is constructed around a new professional figure, the Pedagogical Game Designer (PGD). A study of the effectiveness will be performed in order to understand how competences can be developed through the SG and which are the differences between this device if compared with traditional training used for similar purposes. We will propose as well an evolution of the instrumental conflict theory, which is one of the foundations of this thesis. That one will constitute the basic for a new method of usability test applied to every learning tool using ICTs
Martaud, Thomas. "Evaluation environnementale de la production de granulats en exploitation de carrières - Indicateurs, Modèles et Outils". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412080.
Texto completoCiptomulyono, Udisubakti. "Un modèle d'aide à la sélection des projets : l'intégration de la procédure analyse hiérarchique (AHP) et la programmation mathématique à objectif multiple (application aux projets de développement de centrales électriques en Indonésie)". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30019.
Texto completoKuhfuss, Laure. "Contrats agro-environnementaux : évaluation et dispositifs innovants en France". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10026/document.
Texto completoTerritorialized agri-environmental measures (MAEt) were introduced in France for the 2007-2013 Common Agricultural Policy program. The forthcoming CAP reform is an opportunity to improve the design of existing agri-environmental schemes. The first part of this thesis assesses this scheme (MAEt), with special attention paid to water pollution issues. In the first chapter we analyse theadvantages and limits of the partial decentralization of decision-making in the setting-up of agrienvironmentalprojects and of improved targeting through the identification of eligible priority areas.This analysis is illustrated by the results of a national survey conducted with eligible farmers andagents in charge of the implementation of the scheme and by two case studies conducted in Eure etLoir and Languedoc-Roussillon. These surveys help us to identify the reasons for the too low adoptionrates of pesticides reduction measures by farmers. In the second chapter, we estimate the impact ofherbicide reduction measures adopted by winegrowers in the Languedoc-Roussillon region using atreatment effects approach. The second part of the thesis proposes two innovative designs aiming atincreasing the acceptability of agri-environmental measures by farmers. In chapter 3 we study theintroduction of a collective dimension in the contracts. This collective dimension relies on a monetary‘bonus’ paid to each farmer who has signed a contract, provided that the proportion of landcollectively enrolled in the agri-environmental scheme reaches a predefined threshold. We finallyanalyse in chapter 4 the possible use of reverse auctions for the allocation of agri-environmentalcontracts, on the basis of the pilot experiment implemented by the Water Agency in Artois-Picardie.This mechanism enables farmers to adapt the practices they commit to and the payment that they receive to their own willingness to accept
Deom, Tardif Alèxe. "Évaluation d'une formation de développement professionnel continu portant sur l'intégration des notions de sexe et de genre : une approche de méthodes mixtes". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69486.
Texto completoHealth inequalities between men and women persist in Canada. This study assessed the impact of a continuing professional development (CPD) training program that incorporates notions of sex and gender on the intention of healthcare professionals' intention to adapt pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in cases of diabetes and depression, considering the differences between men and women. We also explored barriers and facilitators to healthcare professionals' integration of sex and gender considerations into their clinical practice. Using an integrated convergent mixed-methods research design, including a non-randomized controlled trial, we conducted the study at six sites in Quebec (n = 4), Ontario (n = 1) and New Brunswick (n = 1). We recruited 127 healthcare professionals who were enrolled in one of the two CPD training courses on pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for managing diabetes and depression. The two courses were offered simultaneously but differed in content: one integrated cosiderations of sex and gender (intervention group) and the other did not (control group). At the end of the CPD training, we used the CPD-Reactionquestionnaire to measure healthcare professionals' intention to adapt pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in cases of diabetes and depression, considering the differences between men and women. Then, in semi-structured group discussions, we explored barriers and facilitators to participants' integration of sex and gender considerations into their clinical practice. Discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We performed an analysis of covariance to compare the mean intention scores of the intervention and control groups using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, we carried out a thematic analysis of the verbatim. Inspired by the COM-B model of behavior, we triangulated the quantitative and qualitative results to produce recommendations. After training, mean intention scores for the intervention (n=49 participants) and control group (n=78 participants) were 5.65 ± 0.19 and 5.19 ± 0.15, respectively. Meandifference was -0.47 (CI -0.95 to 0.01; p=0.06). Adjusted for age, sex, and practice settings, mean difference was -0.57 (CI -1.09 to 0.05; p=0.03). Using the Theoretical Domains Framework, we identified ten barriers to integration of sex and gender considerations into clinical practice related to eight domains, and seven facilitators related to six domains. Recommendations included the addition of group discussions and clinical case vignettes showing the consequences of omitting sex and gender considerations in clinical practice. Our findings will inform future CPD initiatives to help reduce sex and gender inequalities in health care in Canada
Beaussier, Thomas. "Évaluation économique et environnementale du développement régional d’une filière en interaction multi-secteur et multi-échelle : le cas de la filière forêt-bois du Grand Est". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0138.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to develop a method for quantitative assessments of the economic and environmental performance of regional development strategies, applied to the forestry sector in the region Grand Est. To this end, we adopt an approach based on the coupling of modelling tools from economics and environmental sciences. In chapter 1, we analyse couplings between 5 economic models and 3 environmental assessment tools from the existing literature. A dedicated criteria grid allows to compare their relevance to provide integrative assessments at the meso scale. Couplings between equilibrium models on the one hand, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on the other hand, best meet the defined objectives. Chapter 2 details the methodological framework of the coupling between a partial equilibrium model of the French forest sector and LCA. The homogenisation of material flows between the two models makes it possible to produce economic and environmental indicators with a coherent perimeter, the ratio of which provides two eco-efficiency indicators. The first combines the economic surplus of the forest-based sector with its potential environmental impacts (Partial Eco-Efficiency, PEE); the second adds the environmental impacts avoided by substitution between wood-energy and fossil fuels, compared to a reference scenario (Full Eco-Efficiency, FEE). In Chapter 3, we use this framework to analyse different wood energy oriented bio-economy development strategies at the national level and at the regional level in the region Grand Est. For this purpose, we compare the FEE of scenarios constructed by combinations of different policies: subsidising wood energy demand, local supply, forest protection, energy crisis. Strategies integrating a stimulation of wood energy demand are the most eco-efficient, at regional and national level. This is based in particular on the benefits of avoided impacts through the substitution of wood energy for fossil fuels. The combination of the subsidy with protection measures and/or local procurement slightly increases or decreases its eco-efficiency depending on the scale of implementation. In addition, we have identified other factors determining most the eco-efficiency of a policy, such as the characteristics of the forest resource, the importance of the local wood sector, and the characteristics of neighbouring regions
Wu, Qier. "Développement de modèles bioinformatiques intégratifs et prédictifs pour comprendre la voie des effets indésirables (AOP) initiée par des petites molécules". Thesis, Université Paris Cité, 2021. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4575&f=37745.
Texto completoHumans are daily exposed to amount of chemicals from different sources including environmental and drug molecules. The exposures of these chemicals are suspected as the etiology of certain pathologies. Evaluating and characterizing the toxicity of chemicals is crucial. However, the difficulties in chemicals risk assessment can be the result of low throughput of traditional methods and also the limited knowledge of the mechanisms of action of these chemicals in systems biology. To face these difficulties, recent innovative and efficient approaches have been developed. High-throughput screening (HTS) technology has largely improved the efficiency of hazard identification in the in-vitro platform. Integrating HTS data and in vivo data into the concept of `Adverse Outcome Pathways' (AOPs) combined with systems toxicological models could aid studying how chemicals interact with the human body at various levels (i.e, genes, proteins, cells, tissues, organs, etc) leading at the end to adverse effects. In this Ph.D. thesis, I elaborated on how systems toxicology models could contribute to determine chemical risk assessment. The systems toxicology models (i.e, network-based models) for chemicals were first constructed based on publicly available data. To better understand mechanisms of action of chemicals and move towards the development of AOPs, bioinformatics tools such as over representation analysis (ORA) were applied in the identification of potential pathways affected by chemicals. Furthermore, to show the predictive ability of the systems toxicology models, scoring systems were developed for predicting relationships between chemicals, biological targets and human pathologies. Finally, the predictions were externally validated through literature. The uncertainties of systems toxicology models were also measured in this thesis. Overall, the studies conducted in this thesis highlight that computational systems toxicology models are reliable and effective tools in illustrating the unknown toxicity mechanism of chemicals. Therefore, we suggested that systems toxicology models can be used as an alternative animal approach in chemical risk assessment
Sadeghi, Samira. "Proposition des modèles et de processus structurés pour le développement d’environnements collaboratifs synchrones : application aux réunions de revue de conception". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI053/document.
Texto completoDevelopment of collaborative environment is a complex process. The complexity lies in the fact that collaborative environment development involves a lot of decision making. Several tradeoffs need to be made to satisfy current and future requirements from a potentially various set of user profiles. The handling of these complexities poses challenges for researcher, developers and companies. The knowledge required to make suitable design decisions and to rigorously evaluate those design decisions is usually broad, complex, and evolving. In Part-I of this thesis we investigate to formulate the general knowledge about: synchronous collaborative work which conceptualize the problem domain, synchronous collaborative environment which conceptualize the solution domain and synchronous collaborative environment evaluation which conceptualize the evaluation of whole or part of the proposed solution for the specified problem. This formulation has been done through literature study and leaded to the Concept Maps. The results generate three models: SyCoW (synchronous collaborative work), SyCoE (synchronous collaborative environment) and SyCoEE (synchronous collaborative environment evaluation). In Part-II of this thesis we proposed a process for selection/development of collaborative environment, where we demonstrate how SyCoW, SyCoE and SyCoEE support this process in different ways. Through the proposed process we present the development of new synchronous collaborative environment for design review meeting, named, MT-DT. MT-DT has been designed, developed and evaluated by the author in her PhD. MT-DT consist of a multi-touch table with specific 3D software application which support collaborative design review activities. The results of evaluation confirmed the usability of MT-DT and provide arguments for our choices which we made during development of MT-DT
Lebihan, Laëtitia. "Trois essais économétriques sur le développement et le bien-être des enfants canadiens". Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0010/document.
Texto completoThis thesis contains three econometric essays on child human capital and well-being. Each essay has a distinct methodology to meet the purpose. In the first chapter, we evaluate the long-term effects of a reform of universal child care in Canada on children's health, motor and social development, and behaviour. We show that the policy had negative effects on preschool children's well-being, but these effects tend to disappear as the child gets older. We find that this pattern persist even ten years after the implementation of the reform. The second chapter focuses on the effect of the intensity of child care on preschool children's cognitive development using propensity score matching with multivalued treatments. We show that the effects of child care are significantly heterogeneous and vary by family socioeconomic status, schooling or not of the child, the intensity of child care and the type of child care arrangement. The third chapter models mathematics trajectories of Canadian children aged 7 to 15 years and identifies risk factors during early childhood on the membership of these trajectories using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (Nagin, 2005)
Bousquières, Josselin. "Impact de la composition et des procédés sur la réactivité d’un produit modèle alvéolé de type cake". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA004/document.
Texto completoIn the food industry and notably in the field of cereal products, the type of ingredients used and their associated processes have several effects on the structure of the products and on the chemical reactions occurring during the manufacturing process. These reactions could have positive impacts (aroma, color) as well as negative outcomes (formation of potentially toxic compounds). Although being thoroughly studied in model systems, a better understanding of reactions in more realistic conditions would allow to improve the quality of the products. The aim of this work was to enable the study of chemical reactions occurring in a simplified solid system where the composition and structure were controlled while remaining representative regarding the conditions of the processes and the structure of the real product. Sponge cake was chosen as the product of reference.The first step consisted in developing a model product constituting a basis for studying the reactivity. In this regard, a study on new functionalities brought by each ingredient during each step of the manufacture process allowed to identify the cellulose derivatives as candidates to replace the reactive ingredients (eggs, sugar and wheat flour proteins). A multi-scale study allowed to better understand the impact of the main properties brought by the cellulose derivatives (viscosity at cold temperature, interface stabilization, gelation at high temperature) on the structure of the product. Finally, the model product was validated as a non-reactive media regarding the Maillard reaction and the caramelization.In a second step, reactive compounds (glucose and leucine) were placed in the model product and a kinetic monitoring on reaction markers was set up in the vapors and in the matrix during the baking. Thus, the addition of glucose and leucine in the model allowed to follow the formation of typical compounds coming from the Maillard reaction (Strecker’s aldehyde and pyrazines). These compounds did not developed when the model product was only enriched in glucose, whereas compounds generated by the caramelization reaction were identified. Moreover, changes in baking conditions (temperature, convection) allowed to emphasize the impact of heat transfer and drying on reaction pathways. These results pave the way of future kinetic studies, coupling systemic experiment and reaction modelling
Verhoest, Grégory. "Développement et mise au point de modèles murins de xénogreffe de carcinome rénal à cellules claires, et évaluation de la réponse de l'association d'un antagoniste des récepteurs à l'angiotensine-II au sunitinib". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057292.
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