Tesis sobre el tema "Détermination des sources"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 39 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Détermination des sources".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Kharbouch, Mohamed. "Détermination des sources alimentaires liées à l'exposition des Cris de Mistissini aux organochlorés". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25185.
Texto completoPURPOSE: The main goal of this study is to compare multiple imputation and principal components analysis to traditional methods (substitution by DL/2 and considering foods separately) frequently used in the determination of traditional foods potentially responsible for Mistissini Cree population exposure to organochlorines. METHODOLOGY: The study is a cross-sectional study where a total of 228 individuals participated and answered questions about their health and activities. Concentrations of organochlorines were measured in study participant’s blood (plasma). Principal components analysis was performed on daily frequency of consumption of various country foods. Substitution by DL/2 and multiple imputation were used to replace values lower than the limit of detection. Multivariate linear regressions were used in order to determine the associations between plasmatic levels of different organochlorines and various traditional foods. All these models were adjusted for confounding factors. SAS software was used to run all the statistical analyses. RESULTS: In addition to the age, plasmatic concentrations of organochlorines are positively associated with fish consumption such as speckled trout, lake trout and pike as well as moose, caribou, beaver meat and goose gizzard consumption. By using principal components analysis, 3 principal components were identified summarizing the majority of traditional foods consumed by Mistissini community. The first component, explaining 32% of the total variance and regrouping the most frequently consumed foods. This component is associated positively to organochlorines concentrations. For 33% or lower of non-detected values, there is no notable difference in regressions coefficients (standard error) between multiple imputation and simple substitution by DL/2. The two methods showed different results once the percentage of non-detected values is superior to 33%. CONCLUSION: The results obtained show a positive association between the traditional foods consumption and organochlorines concentrations. There is no difference between multiple imputation and simple substitution by DL/2 when the percentage of non-detected values is lower or equal to 33%. However, it is difficult to determine whether multiple imputation is a better method than substitution by DL/2 once this percentage is superior to 33%. Principal components analysis is preferable method in evaluating the association between traditional foods and exposure to the environmental contaminants.
Simon, Leïla. "Détermination des sources de composés organiques (gazeux et particulaires) en Ile-de-France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ011.
Texto completoTo refine the knowledge on air quality and atmospheric chemistry in the Paris region, it is essential to document the nature and variability of atmospheric pollutants on the long term. The suburban SIRTA station (integrated to the European infrastructure ACTRIS) has been hosting instruments for the continuous measurement of physicochemical properties of suspended particles and of some inorganic reactive gases for a decade. Nonetheless, questions remain open on the origins of secondary organic aerosol and more specifically the link with its precursor gases, volatile organic compounds (VOC). Although their play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, VOC were hitherto not measured on the long term at SIRTA.In this context, this thesis aims at better characterizing organic pollution in the Paris region. This involves the measurement of VOC in real time to complete the panel of existing measurements, as well as the application and evaluation of methods for the source apportionment of organic pollutants adapted to long term studies.For this purpose, measurements using mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), still very little used within ACTRIS, were setup at SIRTA as part of this thesis. Automated data treatment was improved and adapted for the long term and a rigorous quality control was applied to 2020 and 2021. These first two years of measurements were then studied in terms of diel and seasonal variabilities. The role played by meteorological conditions and air masses was particularly illustrated by results obtained during the lockdowns in 2020. An influence of anthropogenic sources was observed for monoterpenes, compounds usually identified as biogenic in suburban sites.The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor model is classically used for the source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants (aerosol or VOC), but some limits exist for its long-term application. To overcome these limitations, new options exist and were tested during this thesis. Particularly, VOC were used as organic markers for the analysis of organic aerosol sources in summer, by creating a unified combined dataset. This complex methodology was implemented here for the first time with this type of instruments. It was adapted to the SIRTA dataset, allowing a better deconvolution of oxygenated organic aerosol compared to a classical method, and consequently to link it to its respective sources/processes, especially by distinguishing daytime and nighttime processes
Tekatlian, Annick. "Détermination des caractéristiques vibratoires de sources de bruit par résolution d'un problème inverse de rayonnement". Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22069.
Texto completoMassard, da Fonseca Henrique. "Thermographie infrarouge et méthodes d'inférence statistique pour la détermination locale et transitoire de termes-sources et diffusivité thermique". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11554/1/massarddafonseca.pdf.
Texto completoPauget, Benjamin. "Détermination des facteurs du sol modulant la biodisponibilité et l'accumulation des métaux pour l'escargot (cantareus aspersus)". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2022/document.
Texto completo[...] The aim of this thesis is to study the mechanisms that modulate metal bioavailabilityfor the garden snail Cantareus aspersus (= Helix aspersa) a soil invertebrate living at the interfacesoil‐plant‐air (saprophagous and phytophagous intermediate link in the food chain).[...] These data underline the necessity to take into account the factors and mechanisms that modulate themetal bioavailability for snails to better model accumulation and assimilation of metal by snails. As nounique chemical method to assess metal bioavailability was determined, we recommend the use ofbiological measures that identify the real metal bioavailability rather than the use of chemical measures
Ouisse, Xavier. "Détermination de modèles équivalents de rayonnement de structures complexes en champ libre et milieu semi-anéchoïque". Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD977.
Texto completoBrocard, Delphine. "Emissions atmosphériques des combustions domestiques : étude des processus et détermination des sources à l'échelle régionale et globale en Afrique". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30296.
Texto completoNallatamby, Jean-Christophe. "Détermination des caractéristiques en bruit des circuits non-linéaires à l'aide des formalismes de conversion de fréquence et de matrice de corrélation des sources de bruit". Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0153.
Texto completoVeyrunes, Frédéric. "Radiation évolutive des souris naines Africaines, Nannomys (Rodentia, Muridae, Mus) : rôle des remaniements chromosomiques dans la spéciation et évolution des systèmes de déterminisme du sexe : approches phylogénétiques, cytogénétiques et cytogénomiques". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20225.
Texto completoIntes, Xavier. "Détermination spatiale des paramètres optiques de milieux fortement diffusants par battement hétérodyne de la source". Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2016.
Texto completoDuputel, Zacharie. "Détermination rapide des paramètres de la source des grands séismes à partir de la phase W". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00773191.
Texto completoLe, Guillou Sandrine. "Du miRNome au rôle de miR-30b : implication des microARN dans la glande mammaire". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0024.
Texto completoThe mammary gland is a dynamic organ, undergoing proliferation, differentiation and dedifferentiation stages during reproductive cycles. Understanding the mechanisms regulating these stages is a major research challenge. Among others potential regulators, the involvement of new molecules, the microRNA, has recently been demonstrated. Until now, data relating to the identification of microRNA and their role in mammary gland are still scarce and mainly concern the study of their abnormal expression in breast cancer. In this PhD work, a global approach has been developed to describe, for the first time, all expressed microRNA, the miRNome, in murine and bovine lactating mammary gland. This analysis revealed new potential microRNA and defined a mammary gland signature of 15 microRNA, including two that seems lactation stage-specific. Active microRNA, present in RISC, have been analyzed to specify the “functional” miRNome in lactating mammary gland. Moreover, the role of the microRNA miR-30b in the development and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells has been defined using transgenic mice over-expressing this microRNA, showing that the deregulation of a single microRNA can cause a large mammary dysfunction. The combination of these two approaches has provided new evidence for understanding the impact of microRNA on the regulation of the normal development of the mammary gland
Deslandes, Sylvie. "Détermination des effets régulateurs de séquences cellulaires de souris sur un génome viral adjacent". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11711.
Texto completoHadchouel, Juliette. "YAC attack de la régulation transcriptionnelle du facteur de détermination myogénique Myf5 chez la souris". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T029.
Texto completoSkeletal muscle formation is controlled by the myogenic regulatory factors (bHLH transcription factors) Myf5, MyoD, Myogeninand Mrf4. The roles of these factors have been determined in vivo by gene inactivation in mice. Myf5 is the first myogenic factor to be expressed in the embryo and its inactivation has shawn that Myf5 is a key player in myogenic determination. In the absenceof Myf5, cells which would normally form muscle are able to adopt non-myogenic fates, such as dermis or cartilage: Identification of the sequences and the molecules controlling Myf5 expression could lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in myogenic determination. In order to localise Myj5 regulatory elements, we have used YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome) technology, combined to transgenesis by pronuclear micro-injection. We have shawn that Myf5 expression is regulated by multiple modules dispersed between -96 and +4 kbp of the gene. The usptream 23 kbp contain sequences driving expression in the epaxial dermomyotome, the intercalated myotome and the branchial arches. A second region, between -58 and -48 kbp, regulates Myf5 expression in the limb buds, the myotome, the hypoglossal chord and the brain. A third region, between -96 and -63 kbp, is responsible for Myf5 expression in the head and ventral trunk muscles. This last region is more complex that the others since it is not able to function out of its genomic context. The "YAC attack" has also enabled us to characterise the expression domains of Myf5 in the brain. Myf5 transcripts are detected in prosomeres p1 and p4, which send their along the mlf (medial longitudinal fasciculus) and mtt (mammillotegmental) tracts, respectively. We have also taken advantage of the "secondary effects" of transgenesis. One of the Myf5-nlacZ transgenes is ectopically expressed in the cardiac outflow tract. Analysis of transgene expression in this cardiac compartment during development led to the characterisation of a sub-population of precardiac cells contributing to the 'anterior heartfield'
Vazquez, Marie-Danielle. "Apport de la reconstruction du mésonéphros segmenté dans l'étude des connexions uro-génitales chez l'homme et la souris". Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0330_VAZQUEZ.pdf.
Texto completoNepote, Virginie. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la détermination catécholaminergique des cellules souches du sytème nerveux périphérique et central". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077224.
Texto completoBriand, Cyrielle. "Approche multi-traceurs pour la détermination de l'origine des nitrates dans les eaux souterraines : exemple d'une source karstique dans les Landes". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064359.
Texto completoBriand, Cyrielle. "Approche multi-traceurs pour la détermination de l'origine des nitrates dans les eaux souterraines : exemple d'une source karstique dans les Landes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066133.
Texto completoNitrate is widely derived from anthropogenic activities. When it reaches groundwater bodies, it becomes an environmental issue especially when the resource is used for drinking water supply. The determination of nitrate sources is thus the first step in water restoration and preservation management. An innovative multi-indicators approach has been used in Marseillon karstic spring (Southwest of France) which is considered as a strategic resource for drinking water supply. A spatial and temporal multi-scale sampling plan has been carried out in surface waters and groundwater. Hydrodynamic and geochemical tools helped to highlight an important contribution of deep water origin (i.e.: low nitrate concentration) in spring alimentation. Isotopic (?15N-NO3, ?18O-NO3 and ?11B) and microbiological tools have allowed identifying a hydraulic connection between surface water and the spring. This connection seems to be more important during the river?s flood events. Water dating shows a heterogeneous recharge of Marseillon spring with old water (<1940) mixed with current water characterized by nitrate derived from organic sources and fecal contamination originated from both human and animal wastes. This original multi-tracers approach developed in this thesis improves the knowledge on the nitrate origin determination and can be seen as a methodological guide for drinking water management
Bajard, Lola. "Des séquences régulatrices du géne Myf5 aux facteurs en amont de la détermination myogénique chez l'embryon de souris". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066004.
Texto completoGaltier, Sandrine. "Spectroscopie haute précision de la transition 1S-3S de l'atome d'hydrogène en vue d'une détermination du rayon du proton". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066554/document.
Texto completoThe uncertainty of the Quantum Electrodynamics calculations for hydrogen atom is currently limited by the knowledge of the Rydberg constant and the proton charge radius. Those two quantities can be extracted from the comparison between the theoretical predictions and two different frequency measurements on hydrogen.The 1S-2S transition frequency is one measured with the highest resolution with a relative uncertainty of 10-15. The aim of this thesis is to improve the determination of the 1S-3S transition, which can be used as the second precise measurement. The 1S-3S two-photon transition is excited at 205 nm. This UV light beam is generated by frequency mixing in a non-linear crystal. An 894 nm light delivered by a Ti:Sa laser is mixed with a 266 nm light beam generated by a quadrupled Nd:YVO4 laser. A reliable 15 mW continuous radiation at 205 nm is then produced. The frequencies of both lasers are measured simultaneously using an optical frequency comb referenced to a cesium clock. To evaluate the second-order Doppler effect, the velocity distribution of the atomic beam is determined thanks to a motional Stark effect. This effect is realized with a static magnetic field which induces a velocity-dependent quadratic frequency shift. Finally, the frequency of the 1S-3S transition is determined with a relative uncertainty of 10-12 which is accurate enough to contribute to the “proton size puzzle”. However, depending on the velocity distribution used in the analysis, the obtained value agrees or not with the present recommended CODATA value
Marque, Valérie. "Détermination des propriétés élastiques de la paroi aortique dans différents modèles physiopathologiques murins : méthodologie, étiologie et implications thérapeutiques". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN12003.
Texto completoMejri, Sinda. "Horloge à réseau optique de mercure neutre : Détermination de la longueur d'onde magique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806792.
Texto completoMagnon, Didier. "Méthode générale de détermination des potentiels intérieurs et de localisation des sites générateurs, à partir de la mesure de potentiels lointains : application aux potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces et visualisation des résultats par traitement d'images". Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR3301.
Texto completoBurg, Thibaut. "Détermination du rôle des neurones corticospinaux dans le déclenchement et la progression de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique chez les souris Sod1G86R". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ046.
Texto completoAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized by progressive and combined degeneration of corticospinal neurons (CSN) and bulbar and spinal motoneurons (MN). Studies in patients suggest a cortical origin and a corticofugal spread of the pathology. However, this hypothesis has never been demonstrated in ALS patients nor tested in mouse models. The work of this thesis allowed to test the role of subcerebral projection neurons (SCPN) in the onset and progression of ALS in Sod1G86R mice. To do so, we generated a new mouse model developing ALS in the absence of SCPN. Results show that the absence of SCPN delays the onset of the pathology, prolongs the survival of the animals, while reducing the decline of their motor abilities. These data suggest that the absence of SCPN is beneficial and that, in an ALS context, SCPN would be toxic and have a preponderant role in the onset and establishment of the pathology. This work shows the importance of including the CSN study for the development of future therapeutic strategies
Lauret, Evelyne. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle humoral de la détermination de la différenciation des cellules souches hématopoiétiques pluripotentes (CFU-s) chez la souris". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112310.
Texto completoStudies have been carried out in mice to investigate mechanisms of cell differenciation, in particular the determination of the pluripotent haemopoietic stem cell (CFU-S) towards one cell lineage. The method employed is the histological analysis of spleen colonies formed by stem cells 10 days after injection into irradiated mice. Changes in the proportions of colonies of different types as the result of perturbation of haemopoiesis must necessarily reflect a change in the determination of the pluripotent stem cells. A study of the effect of repeated administration of cytosine arabinoside demonstrated a preferential shift in CFU-S determination towards granulopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. In addition, the serum of mice treated in this way contains humoral factors capable, in vitro, of alter determination toward granulopoiesis. These factors have been called pluripoietis G and have been shown to be secreted by the spleen and probably other tissues. These results support the suggestion for a humoral control of CFU-S determination which has been proposed for erythropoiesis in our laboratory. The production of specific pluripoietis for erythroid and granulocytic cell lineages would appear to be under a feedback control at least in part on the relative proportions of unipotents cells in each line of differentiation
Dupuis, Erwan. "Détermination précise de la composition isotopique et élémentaire d'échantillons nucléaires par couplage de l'électrophorèse capillaire à un spectromètre de masse à source plasma et à multicollection". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS031.
Texto completoThe isotopic and elemental compositions of nuclear samples were determined with the hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). A single step separation method by CE of the key elements of a spent nuclear fuel sample was developed. This method was optimized using an inactive sample by hyphenation with a quadrupole ICP-MS (Q-ICP-MS). It was then applied to a real spent nuclear fuel sample by hyphynation with a nuclearised Q-ICP-MS. Uranium, plutonium, minor actinides (Am, Cm) and fission products (Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) were separated. The CE-MC-ICP-MS hyphenation allowed the determination of isotope ratio for these elements (except uranium) with uncertainties of a few per-mil and with sample quantities of a few hundreds of pg. Liquid waste production was in the µL range. Those values were notably inferior to the ones obtained with a routinely used offline protocol which were respectively in the µg and the hundreds of mL range. The age of a uranium sample was determined by CE-MC-ICP-MS with the 234U/230Th radiochronometer. The 230Th concentration in the sample was determined with the isotope dilution method using a 232Th spike. A preconcentration method associated with detection by a secondary electron multiplier allowed to measure the few hundreds of fg of 230Th present in the sample. The developments carried out throughout this PhD will be applied and adapted to analytical microsystems
Depaepe, Vanessa. "Détermination par approche transgénique du rôle de gênes de guidance axonale, les éphrines, dans le développement du néocortex cérébral". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210986.
Texto completoNotre projet visait initialement à étudier l’implication des ephrines corticales dans la génèse des connexions thalamocorticales par une approche de gain de fonction. Pour ce faire, nous avons généré des souris transgéniques présentant une expression ectopique spécifique de l’ephrine-A5 dans le cortex en développement, en utilisant une technique de transgénèse d’addition par chromosome artificiel de bactéries (BAC).
De façon surprenante, l’analyse de ces souris nous a révélé que les ephrines, à côté de leurs rôles classiques de facteurs de guidage, influençaient la taille du cortex cérébral en régulant l’apoptose des progéniteurs neuronaux. En effet, nous avons pu montrer que l’expression ectopique du ligand ephrine-A5 par les progéniteurs corticaux exprimant son récepteur EphA7 résultait en une déplétion précoce en progéniteurs corticaux par apoptose, et une diminution subséquente de la taille du cortex. Cette vague apoptotique est observée en l’absence de toute altération détectable de la prolifération, la différenciation et la migration neurale dans le cortex.
Nous avons étayé notre étude in vivo par des expériences in vitro, qui ont montré que l’ephrine-A5 recombinante était capable d’induire rapidement la mort des progéniteurs neuronaux dissociés. Nous avons également montré que cette mort cellulaire impliquait l’activation de la caspase-3, confirmant ainsi l’effet direct des ephrines et de leurs récepteurs sur une ou plusieurs cascades apoptotiques. Par contre, la stimulation des neurones post-mitotiques corticaux par l’ephrine-A5 est accompagnée d’une activation de la caspase-3 sans mort cellulaire apparente. La signalisation ephrine/Eph induirait donc l’activation de la caspase-3 dans différents types cellulaires, sans que celle-ci ne soit systématiquement le reflet d’une mort cellulaire programmée.
Parallèlement, afin d’évaluer l’importance physiologique de cette voie pro-apoptotique dépendante des ephrines, nous avons étudié des souris présentant une perte de fonction du récepteur EphA7. L’analyse de ces mutants nous a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution de l’apoptose des progéniteurs corticaux, une augmentation de la taille du cortex, ainsi qu’une hypercroissance exencéphalique de tout le cerveau antérieur dans les cas les plus extrêmes. Ces observations indiquent donc que les ephrines sont nécessaires au contrôle de la mort cellulaire programmée des progéniteurs du cortex cérébral. Nous avons également observé le même phénotype exencéphalique dans des mutants déficients en ephrines-A2, -A3 et -A5, dont l’analyse préliminaire suggère également des défauts de processus apoptotiques.
Nos diverses expériences, combinant une approche par gain et perte de fonction, à la fois in vivo et in vitro, ont ainsi permis de proposer un nouveau rôle des ephrines en marge de leur implication dans la guidance axonale, à savoir un rôle dans le contrôle de la taille cérébrale par induction de l’apoptose des progéniteurs corticaux.
La mise en évidence de cette nouvelle voie de signalisation pro-apoptotique pourrait avoir des implications importantes dans d’autres aspects de la biologie du développement et des cellules souches, ainsi que dans l’oncogénèse.
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Langlois, Bertrand. "Étude de la détermination de traces d'iode en solution par spectrométrie de masse à secteur magnétique utilisant un plasma à couplage inductif comme source d'ionisation : influence de la forme chimique". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10012.
Texto completoTang, Furong. "Analyse de la voie femelle RSPO/WNT/ß-Catenin et de son interaction avec la voie mâle SRY/SOX9 lors de la détermination du sexe chez la souris". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR6012.
Texto completoSex determination is a highly sophisticated and ordered process where both male and female gonads develop from a common bipotential gonad depending on different activated signaling pathways. XY gonads develop into a testis promoted by the SRY/SOX9 pathway, whereas XX gonads develop into an ovary through the action of the RSPO1/WNT4/ß-Catenin pathway. R-spondin (Rspo) genes encode one kind of secreted proteins that activate the canonical WNT/β-Catenin pathway by inhibiting the degradation of WNT receptors. After binding to its receptors LGR4/5, RSPO1-LGR4/5 recruit E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ZNRF3 and RNF43 to release WNT receptors from being degraded by ubiquitination process, therefore WNT/β-Catenin signaling can be activated continuously. Rspo1 is a major regulator of ovary development across species. In the developing mouse gonad, Rspo1 is mainly expressed in the female supporting cells, and Rspo1 XX mutant gonads undergo female-to-male sex reversal by developing into ovotestis, gonads with both male and female characteristics. The molecular and cellular mechanisms behind this partial sex reversal remain unclear. In this work, we have developed a new mouse model allowing a conditional mutation of Rspo1. We have established that the critical window for Rspo1 requirement in the developing XX mouse gonad is around E11.5, and that Rspo1 function is dispensable for ovarian differentiation after this time point. We have shown that ectopic steroidogenesis is an early event in the phenotypic changes of XX Rspo1 mutant gonads. Through pharmacological inhibition of the androgen receptor we have identified androgen signaling pathway as a major player in the female-to-male sex reversal of XX Rspo1 mutant gonads. In the second part of this work we have studied the phenotype of Sox9cKOWnt4KO double mutants where both the male and female pathway are impaired. We have found that XX Sox9cKOWnt4KO gonads develop as ovotestis indicating that the additional deletion of Sox9 did not rescue the female-to-male sex reversal caused by the Wnt4 mutation. We have also shown that XY Sox9cKOWnt4KO double knockout mutants undergo a transient female-like developmental phase before the gonads develop into ovotestis. This result demonstrates that Wnt4 deletion cannot rescue the initial steps of the male-to-female sex reversal caused by the Sox9 mutation. Together, these results reveal the timing of requirement of Rspo1 in ovarian development and highlight the pro-male role of androgen signaling in the XX female-to-male sex reversal process. It also rises new thoughts on the interactions between male and female pathway in mouse sex determination
Pauper, Eva. "Étude des gènes R-spondin1 et Sox9, impliqués dans les inversions de sexe et l’homéostasie de l’ovaire adulte chez la souris". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4054/document.
Texto completoOur lab has contributed to the identification of the R-spondin1 (Rspo1) gene. Disruption of this gene leads to different defects such as palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma and sex reversals. Establishment of the mouse model led to the result that RSPO1, which activates the WNT/ßcatenin signaling pathway, is necessary for ovarian differentiation. Rspo1 and Sox9 are known to be key factors in female and male sex determination, respectively. I first participated to the study of their role in sex reversals, in order to determine the role of each pathway in these processes. The study of 2 different mouse models (conditional knockout of Sox9 and R-spondin1/Sox9 double knockout), led us to the conclusion that sex determination is a balance between the male pathway activated by Sox genes and the female pathway activated by R-spondin1. I then evaluated the role of R-spondin1 in the adult ovary using a mouse model over expressing R-spondin1 in the ovary, as it is usually downregulated in the adult. I was able to observe that maintenance of R-spondin1 expression in the adult keeps the granulosa cell lineage from differentiating properly, prevents atresia in the ovary and may contribute to the formation of blood filled cysts following ovulation. In conclusion, our study shows that sex determination and adult ovary homeostasis need to be highly regulated. Deregulation of key genes such as R-spondin1 can lead to different pathologies, such as sex reversal and tumor formation
Saunders, Paul. "Evolution d'un déterminisme du sexe atypique chez un mammifère : causes et conséquences". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS280.
Texto completoTherian mammals have an extremely conserved XX/XY sex determination system. Their highly differentiated and specialised sex chromosomes are thought to prevent any modification; however, a dozen species harbour unconventional systems. In the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides, all males are XY, and there are three types of females: the usual XX but also XX* and X*Y ones (the asterisk designates a sex reversal mutation on the X chromosome, which evolved almost 1 million years ago). The evolution of such a system is a paradox, as X*Y females are expected to face high reproductive costs (loss of YY embryos, meiotic problems…), which should prevent the maintenance of the mutation. To better understand the evolution of this curious system, we first tried to identify the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the emergence and maintenance of the X*. The combination of empirical data and a theoretical approach based on population genetics models showed that two mechanisms participate in the maintenance of the system: the greater breeding success of X*Y females and the presence of sex chromosome transmission distorters (males transmit their Y more often in crosses with XX or XX* females and their X in crosses with X*Y females), the second mechanism likely being the trigger for the initial spread of the feminising chromosome. We then investigated the consequences of the evolution of this unusual system with three sex chromosomes. First on the phenotype, revealing that despite X*Y females have typical female anatomy and morphology, they resemble males on certain aspects of behaviour: they are more aggressive and less anxious than XX and XX* females. Then on the sequence and structural evolution of the X and X* (based on NGS data), showing that the two chromosomes have started diverging. Altogether, these results shed light on the constraints acting on sex determination systems with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes and show that rare conditions can loosen these constraints. They also provide valuable insight into the impact of sex chromosome complement on phenotype, and inform on the evolutionary forces acting on sex chromosomes in that kind of polygenic sex determination system
Grosse, Pierre-Yves. "Détermination de l'intérêt de la méthyl-beta-cyclodextrine en cancérologie : études in vitro sur des lignées cellulaires cancéreuses d'origine humaine et in vivo sur un modèle de souris athymique xenogreffe". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13527.
Texto completoCabou, di Baradat Cendrine. "Détermination des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation coordonnée de la sensibilité à l'insuline et du flux artériel fémoral par l'insuline et le GLP-1 cérébral chez la souris diabétique". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/237/.
Texto completoThe arterial blood flow is tightly controlled by neural and endocrine mechanisms. We here show that insulin and GLP-1, secreted during a meal, trigger the brain to regulate the local production of NO and reactive oxygen species. This mechanism regulates arterial femoral blood flow and is altered in diabetic mice. It is reversed by the mean of a brain infusion of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist which involves PKC activity. Such effect could account for insulin resistance and vasoconstriction in type 2 diabetic patients. Hence, hormones controlling muscle glucose utilization depend on the vasodilator role of insulin and the vasoconstrictor role of GLP-1. Any impairment of this balance could lead to insulin resistance and hypertension
Sheng, Wang. "Étude des fonctions oncogènes du virus d'Epstein-Barr (EBV) : détermination des souches du virus impliquées dans les cancers associés à l'EBV en Afrique du Nord : étude de la transformation maligne par l'oncogène viral BARF1 dans les fibroblastes de souris et les lymphocytes B humains". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T038.
Texto completoRolim, Fernandes Carlos Estêvao. "Méthodes statistiques d'ordre élevé pour l'identification aveugle de canaux et la détection de sources avec des applications aux systèmes de communicaton sans fil". Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460158.
Texto completoBoyer, Alexandre. "Études comparatives, évolutives et recherche de gènes importants pour la détermination du sexe chez les mammifères". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17839.
Texto completoJeffrey-Gauthier, Renaud. "Détermination des facteurs bénéfiques et néfastes à la récupération locomotrice à la suite d'une section spinale complète chez la souris". Thèse, 2018. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/8833/1/032273561.pdf.
Texto completoJeffrey-Gauthier, Renaud. "Détermination des facteurs bénéfiques et néfastes à la récupération locomotrice à la suite d’une section spinale complète chez la souris". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22704.
Texto completoDrolet-Vives, Katherine. "Détermination du béryllium dans les cheveux humains non exposés, les poils et les os de souris exposées à des poussières de béryllium". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7831.
Texto completo