Tesis sobre el tema "Déterminants de la croissance"
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Gasmi, Nacer. "Déterminants de la croissance externe horizontale". Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE008.
Texto completoThe horizontal external growth (HEG) is considered as one of the strategies for the firm to exploit the cost economies and to increase its market share. Both could help it to have a better position in the market competition. The economies result from an efficient exploitation of ressources of target and purchaser firms. These economies are exploited at any level of fonctions which can be more important in some of them or less in some of others. This depends on the sectors and the specificities of both firms. Also these economies can be resulted from the reduced price allowed by different suppliers. The increasing market share results from the “mechanical” effect of the HEG and the combination of the ressources of the target and purchaser firms. About the “mechanical” effect, the increasing market share is immediately perceptible in the purchaser firm. This increase corresponds to the transfert of market share by the target firm to the purchaser one. Concerning the increasing market share perceptible in short or long-run, it depends on the capacity of the both firms to achieve a competitive position (low costs and differentiation) resulting from a better combination of their ressources
Wirth, James. "Déterminants de retard de croissance en Afrique de l'Est". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG007/document.
Texto completoThe thesis examines nutritional and environmental determinants of childhood stunting in East Africa. I will examine stunting by using epidemiologic analysis of secondary data (i.e. DHS data) and the analysis of biochemical data related to micronutrient and enteropathy status. During the 2015-2016 academic year, I published three manuscripts related to stunting in Ethiopia, collected stool samples as part of a case-control study in Tanzania, and received funding to analyze these samples. Laboratory analysis will be done in November-December 2016. This research study in Tanzania will examine both the nutritional and environmental factors associated with linear growth
Khan, Muhammad. "Impact de l’Inflation sur la croissance et ses déterminants macroéconomiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0503.
Texto completoThis thesis is concerned with the effects of inflation on output growth and on its determinants. In the first step, ourstudy analyzes two aspects of the inflation–growth relationship. First, it examines the nonlinearity of the relationshipbetween inflation and output growth and identifies several thresholds for the global sample and for various incomespecificsub-samples. Secondly, it identifies some country-based macroeconomic features that influence thisnonlinearity. Our empirical results substantiate both views and validate the fact that the inflation–growth nonlinearityis sensitive to a country’s trade openness capital accumulation, and government expenditures (chapter 2). After that,we explain this inflation–growth nonlinearity by testing a Tobin effect of inflation on physical capital and asubstitution effect – from work to education – for human capital. We find that the positive effects of moderateinflation rate are due to the Tobin effect on physical capital whereas a weak negative effect of high inflation ratestems from a better human capital accumulation. We identify a strong role of well developed financial systems in allthese mechanisms (chapter 3). Lastly, we address a lack of coherence between the macro based optimal inflationthresholds for output growth and the actual preferences of central banks around the world. We notice that centralbanks use micro based New-Keynesian models and their optimal inflation rate is the one that minimizes dispersionsin factors and product markets. We test the effect of inflation on relative price variability and output growthvariability and, for all income groups, the results support a slight positive inflation rate to minimize theseuncertainties. For our selected emerging economies, monetary policy regimes also affect these dispersions (chapter4)
Khan, Muhammad. "Impact de l’Inflation sur la croissance et ses déterminants macroéconomiques". Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0503/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is concerned with the effects of inflation on output growth and on its determinants. In the first step, ourstudy analyzes two aspects of the inflation–growth relationship. First, it examines the nonlinearity of the relationshipbetween inflation and output growth and identifies several thresholds for the global sample and for various incomespecificsub-samples. Secondly, it identifies some country-based macroeconomic features that influence thisnonlinearity. Our empirical results substantiate both views and validate the fact that the inflation–growth nonlinearityis sensitive to a country’s trade openness capital accumulation, and government expenditures (chapter 2). After that,we explain this inflation–growth nonlinearity by testing a Tobin effect of inflation on physical capital and asubstitution effect – from work to education – for human capital. We find that the positive effects of moderateinflation rate are due to the Tobin effect on physical capital whereas a weak negative effect of high inflation ratestems from a better human capital accumulation. We identify a strong role of well developed financial systems in allthese mechanisms (chapter 3). Lastly, we address a lack of coherence between the macro based optimal inflationthresholds for output growth and the actual preferences of central banks around the world. We notice that centralbanks use micro based New-Keynesian models and their optimal inflation rate is the one that minimizes dispersionsin factors and product markets. We test the effect of inflation on relative price variability and output growthvariability and, for all income groups, the results support a slight positive inflation rate to minimize theseuncertainties. For our selected emerging economies, monetary policy regimes also affect these dispersions (chapter4)
Dessus, Sébastien. "Analyses empiriques des déterminants de la croissance à long terme". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010063.
Texto completoThis thesis begins with the premise that empirical studies on cross-sectional data aimed at testing the convergence hypothesis fail to identify comprehensively both the determinants of long-run growth, and the appropriate policies to encourage it. The first section is devoted to an econometric re-examination of such studies. It demonstrates that failure to consider the heterogeneity of production functions across countries biases the results. The heterogeneity is present in both the average factor productivity level and the marginal productivity of human capital. We explain international differences in human capital marginal productivity by estimating a convergence equation on panel data using a varyingparameter model. Our results suggest that the nature of trade regimes, the institutional capacity to defend property rights and the quality of the education system may explain such differences. Improving the estimation of the long-run growth path also significantly reduces the share of growth that is generally attributed to transitional growth. We conclude that long run growth depends to a large extent on the capacity of economies to mobilise available resources in an efficient manner. The second section uses cointegration techniques to try to identify the policies that permitted taiwan to achieve rapid growth. It appears that total factor productivity accounted for half of per capita income growth. This may be explained by the combination of appropriate policies: the encouragement of public and private investment, in order to benefit from human capital and the opportunities presented by external markets; the promotion of basic education; the massive importation of foreign technologies, facilitated by the promotion of the export industry; the development of several policies aimed at enhancing labour market allocative efficiency, in order to benefit from the new comparative advantages resulting from technological progress
Coad, Alex. "Caractéristiques et déterminants des taux de croissance des firmes : Investigations empiriques". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163394.
Texto completoDans la dernière partie nous étudions la relation entre
l'innovation et la performance des firmes. Des régressions par quantile indiquent que l'innovation a des effets spectaculaires dans une minorité des cas, mais pour 'la firme moyenne' elle n'a que peu d'influence.
Thaalbi, Ines. "Déterminants et impacts des IDE sur la croissance économique en Tunisie". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019825.
Texto completoCoad, Alexander. "Caractéristiques et déterminants des taux de croissance des firmes : investigations empiriques". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010010.
Texto completoSamoud, Iheb. "Evolution des IDE en Tunisie : déterminants et effets sur la croissance". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40024.
Texto completoAddressing the issue of the attractiveness of foreign direct investment is a major concern for countries like Tunisia. Since the 1970s, the attractiveness of FDI became a key variable in the country’s economic growth, as shown by the adoption of different legislative and regulatory measures meant to create a favorable environment for investors. However, given the amount of efforts invested and benefits granted, the results come across as being pretty disappointing and all remain far from the goals and hopes initially raised. In this context, it is interesting to study the FDI determinants in Tunisia and their impact on the local economy especially in terms of national growth. To this end, we will focus on the important role played by the human capital, its effects on growth and the way it interacts with the flows of FDI. The core of the thesis will indeed revolve around this theme. The statistical and econometric analysis undertaken in the dissertation will show that for the past two decades, FDI in Tunisia have been the result of a few oil exploration projects and privatization of big public companies. It is mainly the annuitant sector (hydrocarbon) and the non-renewable privatization projects that have attracted the most FDI, whereas industrial FDI remain polarized by the textile-Apparel industries. It also appears that, privatizations and energy sector set aside, FDI remain weak. Not only that, these operations have not triggered a dynamic input on FDI for these sectors. In conclusion, the results clearly prove that progress in FDI and school enrollment ratio (human capital) in Tunisia has had little effect on the Tunisian economic growth. It also has been brought to our attention that, taken alone, FDI have a positive impact on growth; however they fail to create spillover effects
Kauffmann, Céline. "La complémentarité des déterminants de la croissance économique à long terme". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010034.
Texto completoCarles, Sophie. "Modélisation de la croissance postnatale des enfants pour l'étude de ses déterminants précoces". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS065.
Texto completoBackground: Growth in the first years of life is associated with both the short and long-term risk of diseases. Growth is influenced by many factors, among which some can affect both the early pre- and post-natal periods. This is the case of maternal smoking during pregnancy. The study of post-natal growth needs an accurate modeling. At present, there is no consensus on the optimal method.Objectives: Modeling postnatal growth of weight, height and body mass index (BMI), from birth to 5 years, using different approaches to study its early determinants.Methods: The work relies on data from the mother-child EDEN cohort, in which 2002 pregnant women were recruited between 2003 and 2006 in the maternities of Nancy and Poitiers. A total of 39,177 weight measurements (median by children: 22) and 30,026 height measurements (median by children: 17) has been collected during clinical visits (at 1, 2 and 3 years) and in the health booklet. The child’s overweight status at 5 years was defined according to the IOTF classification based on their BMI. Weight and height growths have been modeled with non-linear mixed effects models using the Jenss-Bayley equation. Associations between exposure and growth have been studied with two approaches, considering maternal smoking during pregnancy as an example. The first approach, frequentist, included two methods: i) a two-steps method: the weight and height were modeled separately without covariates; associations between individual predictions at different ages and maternal smoking were assessed in a second step with multiple linear regressions; ii) one-step method: maternal smoking and other covariates were directly included in the weight and height modeling and BMI trajectories deduced. This second Bayesian approach allowed to jointly model the weight and height, to predict the differences between BMI trajectories according to the maternal smoking status and to get uncertainty degrees. In order to study any improvement in the quality of the estimators, the precisions of predictions obtained were compared to those obtained with separate models of height and weight. An exploratory Bayesian analysis, allowed studying the differences in the co-evolution of weight and height according to the 5-years overweight status, by modeling the random effects variance-covariance matrix.Results: Both the frequentist and the Bayesian approaches showed consistent results. The children from smoking mothers during the whole pregnancy tended to maintain their birth length deficit along their first years of life. The birth weight deficit did not persist after the first months. Thus, their BMI overpassed the BMI of children from non-smoking mothers as soon as the first months of life. The two-steps method was relevant because the within-subject variance of predictions was low compared to the between-subject variance. For the Bayesian method, the uncertainty on the predictions of weight and height was slightly lower when growth patterns were modeled jointly rather than separately. The exploratory analysis showed than, in the first months, for a similar variation of the statural growth velocity, the variation of the weight growth velocity was stronger in overweight or obese children compared to children with a normal weight.Conclusion: We used tools that allowed the accurate characterization of the postnatal growth trajectories. They permit identification of factors associated with variations of these trajectories very early during childhood. Consequently, they proved helpful to study precisely the determinants of growth in early life
Daymard, Arnaud. "Les déterminants agricoles de l'industrialisation". Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1077.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates the agricultural determinants of industrialization from a theoretical and empirical perspective. The first chapter asks about the type of technical change involved in the shift of the working population away from agriculture and into industry and services. Are they improvements of land productivity or improvements of labor productivity? A simple theoretical model estimated using country data suggests that in developing countries where agricultural output is close to the subsistence level of households, the two types of technical progress contribute to structural transformation out of agriculture. However, in developed countries, labor productivity is the main driver, while land improvements that are akin to a land extension could result in a rise in the labor force in agriculture. The second chapter inquires whetherthe mechanics of sectoral employment at a national scale reflect the functioning of a closed economy with respect to international trade or that of an open economy which is a price taker. The estimation of a panel data for a dozen developed and developing countries yields results that are consistent with a closed economy, in which sectors whose relative size grows are those having the lowest labor productivity growth. This means that an industrialization strategy must rely on a high growth rate of the agricultural labor productivity, that will both lower agricultural prices and expand purchasing power toward non agricultural goods, and create a surplus of labor for industry and services. The third chapter aims at quantifying the effects of a land rental market reform in agriculture on sectoral employment. In many developing countries, thesemarkets are made dysfunctional by tight legal restrictions and the poor enforcement of property rights for landlords. Could an improvement in land rental market functioning shifts workers out of agriculture and into non-agricultural sectors, or incites farmers to allocate more labor to off-farm activities? Theoretically, there is no simple answer, as the partial and general equilibrium effects bring opposite conclusions. In partial equilibrium, a rise in land rental activity induces workers to join agriculture. In general equilibrium, a drop in agricultural prices pushes workers to quit agriculture. Nonetheless, simulations show that a land rental market reform might substantially increase the income and welfare of farmers
Vongphanith, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude des déterminants de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises". Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA123001.
Texto completoYuan, Li. "Étude des déterminants moléculaires de la différenciation endothéliale au cours du développement". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066378.
Texto completoTabet, Charbel. "Déterminants de l’inflation et son impact sur la croissance économique : le cas du Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALE003.
Texto completoInflation is a subject that has attracted widespread attention from economists and politicians around the world. Despite the abundant literature on the relationship between inflation and economic growth in developing countries, no research has been conducted in the case of Lebanon. However, our study fills this gap. To this end, several objectives are achieved in this thesis. The first is to try to review the characteristics of the Lebanese economy, in a full economic and monetary crisis, dominated by services and imports since 1990. Then, we are interested in the threshold from which inflation has exerted a negative effect on growth in Lebanon. Next, we will try to study the factors that put pressure on inflation through two periods (before and after the crisis); it is more specifically a question of demonstrating that inflation in Lebanon is a monetarist factor. Finally, is to see the update of inflation at the global level through a panel of several countries according to their type of income
Bergeron, Patrick. "Stratégies de croissance et déterminants du rang hiérarchique chez le bouquetin des Alpes (Capra ibex)". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4767.
Texto completoKouada, Sarra. "Les déterminants de l'hypercroissance : le cas des PME françaises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0644.
Texto completoWhile there is almost universal thought that hypergrowth is a positive driving force in the economy, there are still many gray areas on the understanding of this phenomenon.In this thesis, we study the determinants of hypergrowth through three different axes. Each axis has been studied in an article.In the first article, we explore the qualitative and quantitative determinants of hypergrowth. In the second article, we highlight different hypergrowth models of French SMEs. Using a database of 365 hypergrowth SMEs, we brought out four hypergrowth models that characterize French SMEs. In a third article, we study the nature of the resource relationships that promote hypergrowth. Through eight semi-structured interviews with managers of French SMEs in hypergrowth. We concluded that resource mobilization depends on the growth strategy of leaders.This thesis contributes to the theory by providing a conceptualization of hypergrowth that aims to overcome its complexities. It contributes to the practice by guiding entrepreneurs to have a fine perspective of the hypergrowth models of their businesses and its impacts on their decision making. It also provides guidance for decision-makers, particularly for public authorities, but also support structures for these companies
Gil, Diez de Medina Sixtina. "Déterminants moléculaires impliqués dans la progression des cancers épithéliaux de la vessie et de la prostate". Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120072.
Texto completoMarcil, Ferland Dominique. "Stratégies de croissance chez le mouflon d'Amérique (Ovis canadensis) déterminants et conséquences sur l'histoire de vie". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5767.
Texto completoBetoko, Aisha. "L’alimentation précoce : ses déterminants, son influence sur la croissance postnatale et les consommations alimentaires à 3 ans". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T038/document.
Texto completoBackground: Early eating patterns can determine later eating habits and food preferences and they have been related child growth. In the literature, the determinants and health effects of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices have often been analyzed separately. Yet, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are interrelated and there are arguments to suggest that both influence later health. Objectives : We aimed to characterize feeding practices over the first year of life and to examine their associations with family and infant characteristics, with growth changes in the first 3 years of life, and their relations with food intake at 3 years of age. Methodes : Subjects were participants of the EDEN mother-child cohort. The study recruited 2,002 pregnant women aged 18-45 years attending their prenatal visit before 24 weeks’ gestation at Nancy and Poitiers University Hospitals between 2003 and 2006. Dietary practices and anthropometric measurements were collected through maternal self-report and clinical examinations at birth, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 months. Principal component analysis was applied to derive patterns from breastfeeding duration, age of introduction of complementary foods (CF) and type of food used at 1y (ready-prepared baby foods, home-made foods, ready-prepared ordinary foods). Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to analyze associations between feeding patterns, growth and food intake at 3 years of age. Results : i) The type infant formula (partially hydrolyzed, thickened, enriched in pre- or probiotic and others) used in the first four months of life was related to maternal return to employment, parity but not to infant growth in the same period. ii) Three major feeding patterns were identified in the EDEN study. The main source of variability in infant feeding was characterized by a pattern labeled ‘Late weaning and use of ready-prepared baby foods’. Older, more educated, primiparous women with high monthly income and recruited in Nancy ranked high on this pattern. The second pattern, labeled ‘Longer breastfeeding, late CF introduction and use of home-made foods’ was the closest to infant feeding guidelines. Mothers with high scores on this pattern were older, more educated and recruited in Poitiers. The third pattern labeled ‘Use of ordinary foods’ is more suggestive of infants having a less age-specific diet. Mothers ranking high on this pattern were often younger, multiparous and recruited in Nancy. iii) High scores on the second pattern were related to significant lower 0-1y weight and height change, higher 1-3y weight and height change and to a significant higher fruit and vegetables intake at 3 years of age after controlling for a wide range of potential confounding variables. An additional adjustment on breastfeeding duration attenuated the relationships without making them disappear completely, suggesting an effect of the overall feeding practices in the first year of life on the parameters that we studied. Conclusions : Our results confirm the importance of socio-cultural determinants on feeding practices over the first year of life. They also confirm the relations between early nutrition and growth in the first three years of life and later eating habits. Our results emphasize the need to consider infant feeding over the first year of life including breastfeeding duration, age of complementary foods introduction as well as type of foods used when examining effects of early infant feeding practices on later health
Kerzerho, Jérôme. "Evaluation des protéines Midkine et Survivine surexprimées dans les cellules tumorales comme cibles de l'immunité cellulaire anti-tumorale". Paris 11, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383751.
Texto completoAïhounhin, Sègbédji Parfait. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des déterminants spécifiques à la croissance des PME opérant en Afrique : cas du Bénin". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36235.
Texto completoThe overall goal of this thesis is to show, that the specified determinants of corporate growth is a function of business environments. Africa being plural and multifaceted by its culture, its customs, its business environments, we opted to study Benin. To achieve this global objective, a sub-objective is retained by article among the three that this thesis contains. In the first article, it was a question of making a global synthesis of the determinants of SME growth by categorizing them. In the second article, we confirmed the relevant (specific) determinants for the context under study. In the third article, we evaluated the effect of the determinants retained on the growth of the SMEs studied. Thus, a stepwise approach is used to achieve the above objectives. In the first stage, a systematic review of the literature made it possible to take stock of the determinants of SME growth as well as to highlight a number of emerging factors to be studied (1st level of results). Following this step, we have, based on a principal component analysis, tried to identify among the emerging factors, those that could be qualified as specific determinants (2nd level of result). Finally, using the panel regression, we studied the effects of the specific determinants retained on the growth of the SMEs in our sample (3rd level of result). Among other results, this study highlights the importance of certain specific determinants of SME growth, such as the use of external expertise, investment in research and development, and corporate social responsibility.
Monier, Isabelle. "Dépistage anténatal du retard de croissance intra-utérin en France : évaluation, déterminants et impact sur les issues périnatales". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066660.
Texto completoFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication that is responsible for significant perinatal mortality and morbidity. Screening for FGR is a key component of prenatal care. The objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the performance of prenatal screening for FGR, to identify the determinants of antenatal suspicion of FGR and to measure its impact on perinatal outcomes. For the first part of the thesis, we used data from the nationally representative French National Perinatal Survey of births (N=14,100 singleton pregnancies): 21.7% of infants with a low birthweight <10th percentile were suspected with FGR during pregnancy and half of infants suspected with FGR had a normal birthweight (false positives). The risk of indicated delivery was higher when FGR was suspected, regardless of the existence of low birthweight, suggesting possible iatrogenic effects. Outcomes were not different for suspected versus unsuspected low birthweight infants. In the second part of the thesis, we used data from the EPIPAGE 2 national cohort of children born before 32 weeks of GA in 2011 (N=3698 singleton non-anomalous infants). Active management for fetal indications in cases of suspected FGR was initiated at 26 weeks. Antenatal and postnatal assessments of FGR were discordant for 14% of infants. When assessments were discordant, birthweight was a better predictor of adverse neonatal outcome. Our results raise questions about the effectiveness of screening strategies for FGR in France. New strategies for the detection of FGR are needed as well as research to measure the impact of screening on medical decisions and health
Janssen, Frank. "Les déterminants de la croissance des P. M. E. : analyse théorique et étude empirique auprès d'un échantillon d'entreprises belges". Lyon 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO33007.
Texto completoBernard-Pierrot, Isabelle. "Mise en évidence de déterminants structuraux impliqués dans les activité biologiques du facteur de croissance HARP (Heparin affin regulatory peptide)". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T027.
Texto completoHeparin-binding Growth-associated Molecule (HB-GAM) is a heparin-binding molecule involved in neurite outgrowth and is closely related the mammalian produced growth factors Pleiotrophin or HARP reported to stimulate proliferation of several cell types including endothelials. Here, we report that HB-GAM inhibited the biological activity induced by the 165-amino acid form ofvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Endothelial-cell proliferation induced by VEGFI65 showed about 50% inhibition in the presence of HB-GAM in a concentration of 2. 7 nM (ICso). In similar concentrations, HB-GAM blocked HUVEC migration and tube formation induced by VEGF165 in three-dimensional angiogenesis assays. In addition, HB-GAM inhibited binding of 125I-VEGF l65 to the VEGF receptors of HUVEC (IC50 : 35 nM). Additional studies using heparan sulfate deficient CHO cells that overexpressed VEGF receptors indicated that binding of 125I-VEGF165 to fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 receptor, kinase insert domaincontaining receptor and neuropilin receptor was inhibited by HB-GAM with an IC50 in the nanomolar range. We then investigated the mechanisms of this inhibition. Using a solid-phase ligand-binding assay, we found that HB-GAM interacted directely with VEGF165, with a dissociation coefficient of 1. 38 nM. Further studies indicated that the two HB-GAM -sheet domains containing the thrombospondin type-1 repeats were involved in this interaction
Paget, Elodie. "L’essor d'une petite entreprise prestataire de sport et de tourisme : complexité du secteur, logiques d'action et déterminants de sa croissance". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10311.
Texto completoMany companies have been created to satisfy a demand in sports activities. However the market launch of sports services became sometimes more complex with the marketing of more complete products : tourist products including even sometimes components of the business tourism. Among these producing small companies of sport, some go bankrupt, others survive, and others still develop. We thus wanted to understand, in the sector of sports and tourism, the determinants and the phases of the growth of these small companies. This research relies on two complementary disciplines : management sciences and sociology of organizations. In a qualitative approach, after an exploratory study, it was based on the monographic analysis of a small firm offering sports and tourism services. The results underline an internal growth and by the network of the studied small company, which is characterized in four phases. Through the follow-up of the innovations created or « being done », the analysis shows the capacity of a manager « to translate » the uncertainties of the sector and the interests of its company, inside as outside his company, by implementing a different « strategy » (not formalization - formalization of the relations). The growth of the company seems to result from the cooperation of the stakehorders to this positioning
Fayaud, Benoit. "Déterminants de la croissance précoce et impact sur les interactions entre espèces dans les associations de cultures à base de légumineuses". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997180.
Texto completoMel, Thierry. "L’étude des déterminants des opérations de fusions et acquisitions pour les entreprises innovantes : le cas de l’industrie pharmaceutique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0104/document.
Texto completoThis research examines the determinants of mergers and acquisitions. Over the years, the number and magnitude of corporate mergers and acquisitions has grown considerably. Today, these operations are at the heart of the economy and business strategy. As a result of its evolution, this issue represents a major interest for the academic world and for companies in their logic of external growth. Our research aims to enrich the analysis on these operations by focusing on the impact of the environment and on the actors. The aim is to identify in the French context the factors influencing the nature of the players involved in mergers and acquisitions. A logistic regression analysis allowed us to analyze these determinants. Over the period 2003-2014, we analyzed 114 mergers and acquisitions of companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The results show that the search for innovation is not a significant factor in these operations. Also, the proximity in the broad sense of the actors positively influences the operations. Finally, mergers and acquisitions transactions change differently depending on the business cycle of the transaction period
Bournez, Marie. "Déterminants des pratiques de diversification alimentaire des enfants de l’étude ELFE : données de santé, caractéristiques socio-économiques et démographiques familiales, croissance précoce de l’enfant". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK060.
Texto completoInfant feeding practices could be risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, via early nutritional programming. These practices have not been described in detail in France until now and knowing their determinants could help improve nutritional prevention interventions.For more than 11 000 children followed in the ELFE cohort (French Longitudinal Study since childhood), we calculated the age at introduction of complementary feeding (CFg) and of food groups, evaluated the uses of added sugar, salt and fat from 3 to 10 months old, and defined three principal components of early feeding. Their associations with familial characteristics were evaluated, taking in account the influence of the infant’s early growth of the child, by logistic or linear multivariate regressionsMost infants (62%) started CFg between 4 and 6 months old, 26% before 4 months old, and 12% from 6 months old onwards. Smoking, younger, born abroad and less educated mothers were more likely to introduce CFg before 4 months. Mothers who had a daughter, a second-born baby, had followed at least one birth preparation course and breastfed longer were more likely to introduce CFg after 6 months, unless the parents were born abroad.Vegetables, fruits and potatoes were the first groups introduced, mostly between 4 and 6 months. Before 10 months, 73% of children received infant cereals and only 32% of children received eggs. In contrast, 36% of children received fruit and more than 75% of children consumed sweet desserts. The introduction before 4 months of infant cereals, vegetables, fruits, potatoes and dairy products was associated with the same characteristics as CFg before 4 months. Being a girl and breastfeeding duration were positively related to the introduction of almost all food groups after 6 months.Three principal components were determined by 1/ a “higher” consumption frequency of the food groups, 2/ a foods consumption before 6 months, 3/ a longer breastfeeding duration and late introduction of infant formulas.About 30% of the children received added sugar and salt and 64% received added fat Breastfeeding was positively associated with the use of added fat, sugar and diet, while CFg before 4 months was positively related to the use of added sugar and salt and negatively to the use of added fatMaternal overweight and obesity were related to CFg before 4 months, with interactions between maternal BMI, child sex and maternal preoccupations related to child health.Children with higher weight and size and who gained weight the fastest at 3 months old were more likely to receive CFg earlier, especially before 4 months and less likely to receive added fat. Weight-for-age at 3 months was associated with a decrease in the use of added fat. A fear of overweight and lipidophobia could explain that fat is infrequently added.The planned longitudinal follow-up in ELFE will allow assessing the effect of these practices on the future growth of the children. Furthermore our results suggest the importance of taking into account familial characteristics, as well as feeding and infant caregiving practices and the sources of information used by families, to spread the recommendations by innovative and personalized channels
El, Hamma Imad. "Transferts de fonds dans les pays du Sud de la Méditerranée : une approche macroéconomique de leurs déterminants et de leurs effets". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0009/document.
Texto completoThis Ph-D studies the impact of migrants’ remittances on recipient economies using a macroeconomic approach. More specifically, it deals with the indirect effects of remittances on the economic growth of the migrants’ home countries on the basis of data from the Southern Mediterranean countries (SMC). This Ph-D will try to i) investigate the quantitative and qualitative effects of remittances, ii) identify the microeconomic and macroeconomic determinants of remittances, iii) investigate their effects on inequality, poverty and growth. Our results suggest that remittances are countercyclical in Algeria and Egypt, and procyclical in Morocco and Tunisia regarding the business cycle of the countries of origin. However, except for Algeria, remittances are procyclical regarding the business cycle of the migrants’ host country. Moreover, empirical findings show that altruism is the most important motivation behind remittances in SMC. Furthermore, our results indicate that remittances indirectly reduce inequality and poverty in the migrants’ home societies. This effect on poverty gains further importance when the recipient countries suffer from external chocks. Finally, this thesis shows that remittances can promote growth in countries with more efficient financial systems
Tumi, Salaheddin. "Les déterminants des IDE et leur impact sur la croissance économique dans les pays en développement. Le cas des pays du Maghreb et du Moyen-Orient". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030021.
Texto completoThe quest for progress towards economic development in the countries of the South has increased competition between these nations in the last two decades, as they each try to attract the largest volume of FDI. This competition has become a race to the bottom due to the increased difficulties in obtaining credit. Many developing countries have attempted to attract FDI. Some have been less successful than others, in this regard; however this did not prevent a second group of countries undertaking the same policy. The decision makers seem to be convinced that FDI is the engine of development and the main question in this thesis is to better understand the phenomenon of FDI, its mechanisms and determinants. The second question is an assay to establish a link between FDI and economic growth. Our work classifies countries into five zones with an emphasis on the Maghreb and the Middle East. We show that to be attractive for FDI; a country should be politically stable, with adequate infrastructure, effective institutions and an educated population. Natural resources and bilateral investment treaties are decisive factors for the attraction of FDI. In addition, there are biases specific to certain regions. The Maghreb and the Middle East suffer from negative biases that are preventing this zone from attracting FDI. We try to explain and analyze the causes of this limited volume of FDI received. On the link FDI-growth, we found that FDI does not begin to have a positive effect on growth until there is a certain threshold level of human capital in the population
Danet, Lucie. "Etude des déterminants de la dissémination du virus de la fièvre jaune dans son vecteur Aedes aegytpi". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC096.
Texto completoRecent decades have seen emergence or re-emergence of many arboviral diseases. Increasing the knowledge underlying the mechanisms of transmission of these viruses by their vectors is necessary for the development of new tools for prevention and defense. In the first part of this work, we explored the replication and the dissemination of two strains of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Aedes aegypti. We showed that the replication of the vaccine strain YFV-17D was not efficient in Aedes aegypti midgut, as compared to the one of the clinical isolate YFV-Dakar. Viruses that managed to overcome the midgut infection barrier failed to disseminate to secondary organs. Viruses injected into the mosquitoes’s thorax succeeded in replicating into secondary organs and midgut associated tissues, suggesting that, during natural infection, the block for YFV-17D replication occursat the basal membrane of midgut epithelial cells. Next Generation Sequencing analysis revealed that YFV-Dakargenome exhibited a greater diversity than the one of the vaccine strain ; a trait that may contribute to its ability to infect and disseminate efficiently in Ae. aegypti. In the second part, we analyzed the midgut responses to YFV17D and YFV-Dakar infection using both RNA-Seq and proteomics approaches. The aim was to identify cellular components involved in the differential response to both viruses. Sixteen candidates were chosen for an in-depthanalysis in Ae. aegypti cells. Unfortunately, none of these candidates seemed to affect viral replication. We believe that the low infection rate of the midgut cells did not allow us to identify potential candidates
Mati, Moulti Farida. "Étude de la beta-lactoglobuline bovine : 1) rôle de facteur de croissance dans des milieux de culture des cellules eucaryotes; 2) étude de récepteurs cellulaires a cette protéine; 3) étude immunologique d'epitopes". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10010.
Texto completoOuidir, Marion. "Exposition maternelle à la pollution de l’air au cours de la grossesse : caractérisation de l’exposition, de ses déterminants, et association avec la croissance fœtale dans deux cohortes complémentaires". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS022/document.
Texto completoThe concept of DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) postulates that environmental exposures during the development phase (fetal life and early life) would have major consequences on future health. The reduction in birth weight is considered both as a marker of these aggressions suffered by the fetus during pregnancy and as an indicator of the future health of the child. Epidemiological studies of air pollution effect are challenging in terms of exposure assessment to air pollutants.The general objective of this thesis is to characterize the effect of air pollutants on fetal growth by improving the characterization of exposures and the control of potential confounding biases compared to previous studies.In a first part, we studied the socio-economic determinants of exposure to ambient air pollution in the French national ELFE study including 18000 mother-child couple. Maternal exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5), PM10 and NO2 was estimated using a dispersion model which combined a fine spatial (1x1km grid) and temporal (daily data) resolution. In France, in urban areas, pregnant women in the most socially deprived neighborhoods were the most exposed to air pollution.The second part of this work focused on the characterization of the association between maternal exposure to atmospheric pollution (estimated in outdoor air) and birth weight of the child in the ELFE cohort. Once the confounding factors were taken into account using the propensity score, we highlighted a deleterious effect of exposure to particulate matters during the third trimester of pregnancy on birth weight.In a third part, we compared different approaches to assess exposure to air pollution in pregnant women, including personal measures, in 40 women from the SEPAGES-feasibility cohort. Incorporation of space-time activity only slightly modified the estimated exposure levels in outdoor air to the home address. Conversely, exposure estimates were strongly affected by the incorporation of indoor levels of air pollution or when exposures were assessed using personal dosimeters.This justified, in a fourth part, the study of the association between the exposure to air pollution estimated by personal dosimeters and the fetal growth in the SEPAGES cohort including 471 couples-child triads from the Grenoble urban areas. Personal exposures to PM2.5 (n=174, more strongly during the 1st trimester) and to NO2 (n=327, more strongly during the 3rd trimester) were associated to decreases in birth weight. Our estimates of the association with PM2.5 were stronger than estimates from the ELFE cohort.In conclusion, this work comes to reinforce the literature on the deleterious effect of air pollution on birth weight. This thesis, based on two complementary cohorts, has also illustrated the concept of the compromise between bias and variance between studies using outdoor exposure models (which could be performed on large geographical areas allowing larges sample size and exposure contrasts and with possibly confounders and high degree of exposure misclassification) and cohorts using personal dosimeters (generally conducted on small sample size, in more homogeneous population, with less confounders and better estimation of exposure to air pollution)
Said, Mohamed Rihlat. "Adaptation à la malnutrition dans les sociétés en transition nutritionnelle : étude des déterminants biologiques, sociaux et culturels du développement du surpoids chez les enfants en retard de croissance à Yaoundé (Cameroun)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0017.
Texto completoKabore, Patrick C. W. O. "Le petit poids de naissance à terme en milieu rural sahélien: importance, déterminants et conséquences". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210293.
Texto completoObjectifs, hypothèses
Ce travail repose sur les hypothèses que les facteurs socioéconomiques influencent la survenue du petit poids de naissance et que le petit poids de naissance a un impact négatif sur la croissance et la survie au cours de la première année de vie.
Ce travail s’est fixé pour objectifs de :
•connaître l’importance du petit poids de naissance à terme ;
•analyser les déterminants du petit poids de naissance ;
•proposer un score pour l’identification des femmes enceintes à risque de mise au monde d’un enfant de petit poids ;
•identifier les facteurs influençant la croissance des enfants nés de petit poids ;
•étudier l'impact du déficit pondéral à la naissance sur la morbidité et la mortalité infantile ;
•formuler des recommandations pour la prévention et la prise en charge du petit poids de naissance en milieu défavorisé dans le but d’orienter les stratégies de réduction de la mortalité infantile.
Méthodologie
Trois types d’études ont été réalisés:
•une étude de cohorte rétrospective portant sur 435 enfants dans le but d’explorer les facteurs de risque, la croissance, le statut nutritionnel et la mortalité des enfants nés de petit poids de naissance à terme.
•Une étude transversale portant sur 1013 naissances vivantes à terme qui a permis de déterminer la fréquence du petit poids de naissance et d’analyser les facteurs associés qui lui étaient associés.
•Une étude de cohorte prospective au cours de laquelle les 1013 enfants enrôlés dans l’étude transversale ont été suivis afin d’analyser leur croissance et leur survie au cours des 12 premiers mois de vie.
Principaux résultats
•Le petit poids de naissance représente 15,8% des naissances à terme.
•Le sexe féminin est prédominant chez les enfants de petit poids.
•Les facteurs sociodémographiques associés au petit poids de naissance sont essentiellement des caractéristiques sociodémographiques maternelles :le jeune âge de la mère (moins de 20 ans), le faible niveau d’instruction, le mauvais état nutritionnel et la faible accessibilité géographique aux structures de santé.
•Les facteurs obstétricaux associés au petit poids sont :la primiparité, la survenue de vomissements gravidiques, l’exécution de travaux champêtres et une charge de travail plus importante en cours de grossesse.
•Le score proposé pour l’identification des femmes à risque a un pouvoir de discrimination acceptable et présente une bonne stabilité et une faible marge d’erreur de prédiction.
•Indépendamment de la catégorie de poids à la naissance, tous les enfants demeurent en dessous des médianes des courbes de référence internationales pour l’ensemble des indices nutritionnels entre 0 et 12 mois.
•Malgré des gains plus importants mais de façon non significative, les enfants de PPN montrent une incapacité à combler leur retard en taille et en poids.
•Le PPN est associé à un risque significativement plus élevé de retard de croissance et d’insuffisance pondérale au cours de la première année de vie.
•Le petit poids de naissance et la non-complétude de la consultation prénatale étaient associés à un risque deux fois plus important de décès.
•L’état nutritionnel à l’âge de 3 mois ainsi qu’à l’âge de 6 mois joue un rôle plus important dans la survie chez les enfants de PPN que chez les enfants nés de poids normal.
Conclusions
Les solutions au problème du petit poids de naissance impliquent un paquet d’interventions intégrant des stratégies avant, pendant et après la grossesse et des programmes de prise en charge ciblant les enfants de petit poids après leur naissance. Il s’agit prioritairement de :
•l’information et de la sensibilisation des populations pour un meilleur suivi de la grossesse et une complétude de la consultation prénatale ;
•l’adoption de pratiques et d’habitudes en faveur d’une alimentation équilibrée des femmes enceintes ;
•un plaidoyer pour un allègement de la charge de travail des femmes enceintes ;
•l’utilisation de méthodes opérationnelles pour l’identification des femmes à risque ;
•l’amélioration de la qualité des prestations de surveillance de la grossesse ;
•la redéfinition du contenu et des protocoles des programmes de suivi et de promotion de la croissance des jeunes enfants avec une attention particulière pour les enfants nés de petit poids ;
•la lutte contre certaines pratiques sociales comme les mariages précoces et les grossesses chez les adolescentes et les femmes de moins de 20 ans ;
•la promotion de la scolarisation des jeunes filles et l’alphabétisation des mères ;
•l’amélioration de l’état nutritionnel de la population ;
•la réalisation d’études pour évaluer l’impact de certains déterminants et interventions sur l’incidence du petit poids et le devenir des enfants nés avec un handicap pondéral :rôle de l’infection palustre, interventions nutritionnelles ciblant les enfants de petit poids, apports nutritionnels pendant la grossesse.
Summary
Due to its impact on infant morbidity and mortality, and its effects on adult’s health, low birth weight (LBW) is a major issue in the public health sector. Burkina Faso, a Sahelian country land-locked in the heart of West Africa is listed among the heavily indebted poor countries, with a high prevalence of Low Birth Weight, caused in most cases by intra uterine growth retardation. The context of the current study, conducted in urban area, is characterised by a poor socio-economic situation resulting in weak health indicators and difficult access to the basic social services.
Objectives, assumptions
The study is based o the assumptions that socio-economic factors have an influence on the occurrence of Low Birth Weight and that Low Birth Weight has a negative impact on growth and survival during the first year of the infant.
The study has the following objectives:
•To assess the importance of low birth weight a term;
•To analyse the determinant factors of low birth weight;
•To suggest a classification for the identification of pregnant women at risk of giving birth to low birth weight infants ;
•To identify factors which have an impact on the growth of low birth weight children ;
•To look at the impact of body weight deficiency at birth on infant morbidity and mortality ;
•To give recommendations on the prevention and treatment of low birth weight children from underprivileged background with the aim to orientate strategies for infant mortality reduction.
Methodology
Three types of studies were conducted:
•A retrospective cohort study of 435 children aiming at exploring risk factors, growth, nutritional status, and mortality of low birth weight infants in the long run.
•A cross-sectional study of 1013 live full-term births, which led to determining the frequency of low birth weight and at analysing associated factors which are linked to low birth weight.
•A prospective cohort study during which the 1013 children taken into consideration for the cross-sectional study were followed up so as to analyse their growth and survival all along the first 12 months of their life.
Main results
•Low birth weight represents 15.8% of full-term births.
•Female babies are predominant among low birth weight babies.
•Socio-demographic factors linked to low birth weight are mainly maternal socio-demographic characteristics: young mother (below 20 years old), low educational level, poor nutritional status and limited geographical access to health infrastructures.
•Obstetrical factors linked to low birth weight are the following: primiparity, occurrence of vomiting during pregnancy, field work and a heavier workload during pregnancy.
•The suggested classification for the identification of women at risk proves to have an acceptable power of discrimination and shows good stability and limited margin of error for prediction.
•Regardless of weight categories at birth, all children remain below medians of international reference curves for all nutritional indicators between 0 and 12 months.
•In spite of more important but not significant weight gains, LBW children prove not to be able to catch up on height and weight.
•LBW is linked to a significantly higher risk in growth retardation and weight deficiency during the newborn’s first year of life.
•LBW and non-complete antenatal visits are linked to a death risk multiplied by two.
•The nutritional status at the age of 3 months and 6 months old plays a more important role in the survival in LBW children than in children born with normal weight.
Conclusions
Solutions to LBW imply a package of interventions which should integrate strategies before, during and after pregnancy, together with treatment programmes targeting LBW children after their birth. In priority, these are:
•Information and awareness given to population for a better follow-up of pregnancies and complete cycles antenatal visits ;
•New practices and habits to be taken on favouring a balanced diet of pregnant women ;
•Advocacy actions aiming at reducing the workload of pregnant women ;
•The use of operational methods to identify women at risk ;
•Improving the quality of monitoring of pregnancy;
•Redefined content and procedures of monitoring programs and promoting young children growth, with particular focus on LBW children ;
•The fight against some social practices such as early marriages and pregnancies of teenagers and women below 20 years;
•The promotion of school education for young girls and literacy for mothers ;
•Improving the nutritional status of the population;
•The realisation of studies to assess the impact of some determinant factors and interventions on the occurrence of low birth weight and on the future of children born with weight deficiency: role of malaria, nutritional interventions targeting LBW children, nutritional intakes during pregnancy
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sawadogo, Relwendé. "Essais sur les déterminants et les conséquences macroéconomiques du développement du secteur d’assurance dans les pays en développement". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10493/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is composed of a set of research in applied economics that enroll in the contemporary field of economics of insurance. The thesis analyses how developing countries could develop more the insurance sector and benefit from these effects on local economy. The first part explored the determinants of insurance development from a macroeconomic perspective. First, the results show that increase of income per capita leads to an increase in life insurance premiums and that life insurance is a luxury commodity in Sub-Saharan Africa (chapter 2). We also find evidence that the marginal impact of income varies according to the quality of legal and political environment. Second, analysis of effect of the FDI inflows shows that these are a key factor in increase of non-life insurance premiums in countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and in other developing countries (chapter 3). In chapter 4, the results highlighted that the activities of life insurance and banking are substitutable in SSA and, however, there is presence of unidirectional causality running from real private credit density to life insurance and insurance density. The second part of the thesis has analysed effect of development of insurance sector on economy in developing countries. First, it appears that the development of life insurance has a positive effect on economic growth on the one hand and on the other hand marginal effect of life insurance is influenced by the structural characteristics of countries (chapter 5). In chapter 6, the results showed that the insurance premiums significantly increase stock market value traded, before as well and after the 2007's economic crisis. Finally, the thesis showed that there is a long term relationship between the development of non-life insurance and trade openness and that non-life insurance premiums improve openness to international trade as well in developing countries than specifically in low and middle income countries (chapter 7)
Frenoux, Clément. "Instituts et transactions : déterminants et performances des services non conventionnels d'approvisionnement en eau dans les villes en développement : le cas des entrepreneurs privés locaux dans les petits centres". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10069/document.
Texto completoSmall-scale private operators, informal water vendors, non-state providers… new stakeholders are participating in water supply governance in developing cities. Previously ignored, they are today drawing growing attention from the international community as they question the governance modalities of network industries in the Global South. Heterogeneous and composite, of local origin, adapted to the demands of end-users, alternative services would be highly flexible, thus adapted to the particular environment of developing cities. They also would be able to provide new funds and to ensure sustainability of water supply services in long or shorter term. However, there is little theoretical research in economics undertaken on this topic. We are confirming this through an unpublished bibliometric analysis. This PhD aims consequently to provide theoretical and empirical elements to fill this gap. Adopting a critical stance, it intends to highlight the postulates and unconfirmed efficiency assumptions of this particular governance structure. Thereafter, it mobilizes New Institutional Economics concepts, offering an original analytical framework on the determinants and efficiency of alternatives services. Through an extensive field survey conducted in Cambodia, we criticize the competitive character of this type of governance which is a priori supposed to ground it. We show the impact of transaction costs on the organizational arrangements related to the conditions of water resource access. Beyond the rhetoric of private sector efficiency, we also stress the importance to take into account non-sectoral organizational arrangements. We finally underline the key role of informal norms in reducing the uncertainties of the institutional environment. We nevertheless conclude on the potential difficulties to institutionalize this(hose) governance(s) structure(s) as they are locked in an institutional path-dependence
Delattre, Laurence. "Analyse des déterminants des choix de préservation des espaces agricoles et naturels dans les politiques locales d'urbanisme : apports d'une approche multi-méthodes". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0054.
Texto completoIn a context of strong spatial urban growth and given the social emerging issues related to peri-urban farmland preservation against sprawl, we look into the elements that determine local public choices of urban development, in terms of land consumption and densities. We first consider economic frameworks of analysis from Urban and Welfare Economics that address urban planning decision making. Then, we analyze how a multi-method approach (discourse analysis, text statistics and econometrics on a large municipal database) can help build a theoretical framework adapted to a regulated and decentralized context as the French one. We apply this approach to Southeastern France municipal land use plans (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, "PACA" Region). The result is an enriched framework of analysis that shows the importance of determinants rarely mentioned in the literature and an assessment of their effect on public decision. Particular roles of some agricultural activity characteristics, elected officials' legitimacy, some of the political characteristics, supra¬municipal policies and interactions between municipalities are outlined. We also highlight synergies between qualitative and quantitative methods such as between discourse, text analyses and econometrics, namely in a perspective of generalization to heterogeneous geographical and institutional contexts. Avenues for future research and some recommendations to public decision-makers are lastly proposed for an in-depth examination
Borowiec, Anne-Sophie. "Rôle déterminant des canaux potassiques hEag1 dans le cycle cellulaire induit par l'IGF-1 : implication dans le cancer du sein". Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED015.
Texto completoBreast cancer has the highest incidence rate for cancer in women in industrialized countries including France. Statistically, it is estimated that one woman out of nine will develop breast cancer at some point in her life. The main treatment for breast cancer consists of cell growth inhibition by using anti-estrogenic treatments. However, this results only in a partial regression of the disease. Therefore, other growth factors, like IGF-1 is considered to be important in the breast cancer development. Indeed, elevated levels of circulating IGF-1 are associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Furthermore, ether à go-go (hEag1) K+ channels have been reported to be crucial for breast cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and considered as a tumour marker. The goal of this study was to investigate the regulation of hEag1 K+ channel by IGF-1 and to determine whether this regulation is involved in the IGF-1 mitogenic effects on human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Our results show that IGF-1 modulates both the activity and the expression of hEag1 K+ channels through the PI3K pathway. By these two mechanisms, we suggest that IGF-1 stimulates the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. We demonstrated, for the first time, the involvement of hEag1 channels in the regulation of cyclin D1 and E expression induced by IGF-1 in MCF-7 cells leading to G1 phase progression and G1/S transition and therefore to cell proliferation. In conclusion, our study brings very new elements in the understanding of function of hEag1 channels and may lead to the development of ion channel targeted cancer therapy through IGF-1 modulation
Reichert, Sophie. "Facteurs déterminant la longueur des télomères et implications dans les compromis évolutifs". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023750.
Texto completoGharbi, Moufida. "L' impact du commerce extérieur sur l'économie tunisienne". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0119.
Texto completoThis work tries, using existing literary resources and some econometric concepts, to explain more significantly the effects of trade on economic growth in a specific country (Tunisia). To provide some answers to this question, we focused on the nature of the causal link between trade and growth. Nevertheless, the study addresses in the first instance, the question of a simultaneous variation between trade and growth, in a second stage, the situation of the major determinants of the Tunisian trade and one last time, we study the effects of foreign trade on economic performance and the welfare in Tunisia. The first chapter discusses the delimitation of the different concepts that will be studied (definitions, motivations, roles, rules. . . Foreign trade) and the presentation of the commonly used instruments analysis. The second chapter presents the available advantages of Tunisia to boost its trade. Therefore, trade policies implemented are reviewed, as well as high-quality infrastructure, human capital skills, the attractiveness and the investment climate. The third chapter provides a descriptive analysis of the evolution and structure of Tunisian foreign trade (physiognomy changes over time, characteristics) between 1961 and 2011. Given the endogeneity of the advantages of the country and the evolution of its foreign trade (findings of two previous chapters), the purpose of the fourth chapter is to identify the main determinants of the Tunisian foreign trade between 1967 and 2011 using a gravitational dynarnic model "enriched" estimated by the method of instrumental variables time series (IV). .
Thomas, Anaïs. "Interactions entre espèces en plantations mélangées forestières et agroforestières". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0079.
Texto completoPlantations of fast-growing species (e.g. poplars, willows, eucalyptus) are widely used for biomass supply. However, these plantations are often monospecific systems and are generally very resource demanding. This is particularly the case for plantations of species belonging to the Populus genus, which can be grown under intensive cultivation conditions, and which use large quantities of water and nitrogen to produce large volumes of biomass. In this context, mixed forest or agroforestry plantations appear as an interesting alternative to monocultures. Indeed, they can produce more by using more efficiently the resources necessary for the growth of the different components of the mixture by playing on the complementarity between the species. The introduction of nitrogen-fixing species in these mixtures can also be an additional asset to reduce the need for synthetic nitrogen inputs.In any plantation, forest or agroforestry, intraspecific interactions (individuals of the same species) or interspecific interactions (between individuals of two different species) can be negative, positive, or neutral. To date, the interactions between species that determine whether a given mixture will be more productive than the corresponding monocultures are still poorly understood and studies of their impact on resource-use efficiency are scarce. The overall objective of the PhD work was to evaluate the impact of several species mixtures, both forest and agroforestry, on tree growth performance through effects on functional (resource-use efficiencies), structural (crown architecture) and phenological (spring and fall bud and leaf phenology) determinants. The main hypothesis was that thanks to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and complementarity between species, trees in mixtures would be more productive and use resources more efficiently than in monoculture.This objective was pursued on an instrumented plantation on the La Bouzule site (54), installed in spring 2014, composed of mixtures of woody (poplars and alders) and herbaceous (legumes, graminoids) species, as well as their respective monocultures. The functioning of three types of mixtures including nitrogen-fixing species (poplars/alfalfa - clover succession; poplars/alders; alders/cereal - temporary grassland succession) was compared with monocultures of the two woody species. The originality of the work lies on the combination of the study of processes occurring at the organ and tree scales to describe the interaction processes between species and the overall performance of the different types of mixtures, compared to their respective monocultures.Species interactions in a plantation are not static but change as the stand develops. The nature of the interactions between poplars and legumes in the agroforestry plot evolved from a predominant competition at the beginning of the plantation to facilitation through soil nitrogen enrichment. The growth performances of the poplars were increased compared to the monoculture, associated with a higher water-use efficiency than in monoculture and a reduction of competition between the canopies allowing a better interception of light in agroforestry. In contrast, higher water-use efficiency of poplars associated with alder than in monoculture was not associated with better growth performances of both species compared to their respective monocultures. Overall, alder was only slightly affected by the mixtures
Buvet, Pierre-André. "Les déterminants nominaux quantifieurs". Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131017.
Texto completoThe French lexicon contains nouns which are able to function as determiners; for example tas in: Luc a lu un tas de livres we have made an inventory of 2801 nouns functioning as determinaters. These nouns have the following characteristics: they occupy the first position in a noun group composed of two nouns connected by the preposition de; they do not modify the distribution patterns of the second noun and the remainder of the sentence, they mean quantities. We have established that the nouns in the corpus have particular articles and adjectives. Several transformations define them too: the possibility of reduction, the possibility of substitution (for a pronoum), the possibility of repetition. . . Strings made up of an element of the corpus and another type of noun were studied from the point of view of their internal structure. A typology of noun quantifier was worked out according to the kind of relationship between these two nouns: 17 subclasses were thus established by formal means. The linguistic data of our thesis may be used for the automatic analysis and translation of french
Esquerre, Thomas. "Rôle des régulations de la stabilité des ARN messagers dans l'adaptation d'Escherichia coli à son environnement". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0016/document.
Texto completoBacterial adaptation to environment results from regulations of gene expression to optimize cell physiology to growth conditions. Control of mRNA concentration is one of those regulations. It depends on both variations of transcription and transcript degradation. Although these two mechanisms are well defined at the molecular level in E. coli, their respective impact on mRNA level regulation is still unknown at the genome scale because of a lack of omic data on mRNA stability during changing environment. Moreover, parameters determining messenger stability are not yet clearly identified and have never been ranked.During this PhD, the stability of each of the E. coli mRNAs was measured through stabilome determination. More precisely, the half-life of around 70 % of all messengers was reliably determined at four different growth rates obtained in the same growth conditions in chemostats. For the first time, this study demonstrated that increase of growth rate led to global increase of transcript degradation. Integration of these data with transcriptomic data showed that although transcription was the main mechanism which regulated mRNA level, messenger degradation exerted an opposite effect in most of the cases. The role of messenger degradation in the control of mRNA concentration was significantly accentuated with increasing growth rate and affected particularly genes involved in central carbon metabolism. Using mRNA stability data produced at different growth rates, integrative biology approaches allowed identification and ranking of the determinants of messenger stability. mRNA concentration which was the main parameter, but also codon bias, length of the coding sequence, sequence motifs contributed to transcript stability. However, although the hierarchy of determinants remained identical with variations of growth rate, the stability of mRNAs belonging to specific functional categories differed with the growth rate. Nevertheless, other determinants of messenger half-life, in particular at high growth rates still remain to be discovered. The CsrA protein, which belongs to the Csr system, is one example of a post-transcriptional regulator. CsrA positively or negatively controls expression of several mRNAs by mechanisms able to modify transcript stability. Nevertheless, the extent of CsrA effect on mRNA stability at the omic level has never been studied. By comparing stabilomes and transcriptomes of the wild type strain with a strain with reduced CsrA activity, the indirect transcriptional effects of CsrA were measured and new mRNAs whose stability was targeted by CsrA (mostly stabilized), were identified. Moreover, the CsrD protein, a regulator of CsrB/C small RNA stability, was not involved in mRNA stability regulation, but played a role in transcriptional regulation of many genes independently of its role in the Csr system. To conclude, this work provides a better understanding of the regulation of the mRNA stability. It identifies mRNA stability determinants and characterizes the role and extent of mRNA stability regulation in the control of messenger concentration. The study underlines the importance of this regulation in the process of bacterial adaptation
Guillon, Claude. "Les déterminants du niveau scolaire". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR20043.
Texto completoSchool level is defined. Then it is analized according to important variance : sex, professionnal categories, intellectual level, school system classes didtribution, valuation systems, interests, work, distribution of means, costs. These factors will be organized according to a statistical linear system and developed with an example. It seems that school level could be expressed by the only intellectual potential in introducing a generalized school level. A sociological american inquiry shows it clearly. A lot of observations and original inquiries are exposed and their consequences
Rasoamalalavao, Claire. "Les déterminants en Malgache : l'exemple des déterminants nominaux du premier complément dans les phrases transitives". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070006.
Texto completoAccording to the method of lexicon-grammar which is a systematic description of a lexicon based on its syntaxic-semantic properties, the general definition of the determinants includes common grammatical determinants (articles, demonstratives, relatives) and lexical elements (adjectives, adverbs and nouns). This study concerns nominal determinants in Malagasy which occur as the first complement in transitive sentences. These determinants, when in contact with other elements of the nominal group, and with statement elements exterior to the nominal group, undergo distributional constraints, or constraints of selection. Their value can be either syntactical or semantic. In fact, they keep this value which derives at once from grammatical constraints and contexts of enunciation. This study considers the case of nouns composed of nominal determinants which appear in two structures of the types "amboara-n-tononkalo", "collection of poems" and "andro alahady", "sunday day", that is to say with, or without the preposition between the first and the second element. In these constructions, it is the first element which is the nominal determinant. .
Sun, Bing Nan. "Croissance hydrothermale du mica phlogopite, cinétique et mécanismes de croissance, morphologie de croissance théorique et expérimentale". Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30022.
Texto completoSun, Bing Nan. "Croissance hydrothermale du mica phlogopite cinétique et mécanismes de croissance : morphologies de croissance théorique et expérimentale /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376186872.
Texto completoChenavaz, Régis. "Les déterminants de la tarification dynamique". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006282.
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