Tesis sobre el tema "Detecting deception"
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Hu, Hang. "Characterizing and Detecting Online Deception via Data-Driven Methods". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98575.
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In recent years, online deception has become a major threat to information security. Online deception that caused significant consequences is usually spear phishing. Spear-phishing emails come in a very small volume, target a small number of audiences, sometimes impersonate a trusted entity and use very specific content to redirect targets to a phishing website, where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials.
In this thesis, we aim at measuring the entire process. Starting from phishing emails, we examine anti-spoofing protocols, analyze email services' policies and warnings towards spoofing emails, and measure the email tracking ecosystem. With phishing websites, we implement a powerful tool to detect domain name impersonation and detect phishing pages using dynamic and static analysis. We also analyze credential sharing on phishing websites, and measure what happens after victims share their credentials. Finally, we discuss potential phishing and privacy concerns on new platforms such as Alexa and Google Assistant.
In the first part of this thesis (Chapter 3), we focus on measuring how email providers detect and handle forged emails. We also try to understand how forged emails can reach user inboxes by deliberately composing emails. Finally, we check how email providers warn users about forged emails. In the second part (Chapter 4), we measure the adoption of anti-spoofing protocols and seek to understand the reasons behind the low adoption rates. In the third part of this thesis (Chapter 5), we observe that a lot of phishing emails use email tracking techniques to track targets. We collect a large dataset of email messages using disposable email services and measure the landscape of email tracking. In the fourth part of this thesis (Chapter 6), we move on to phishing websites. We implement a powerful tool to detect squatting domains and train a machine learning model to classify phishing websites. In the fifth part (Chapter 7), we focus on the credential leaks. More specifically, we measure what happens after the targets' credentials are leaked. We monitor and measure the potential post-phishing exploiting activities. Finally, with new voice platforms such as Alexa becoming more and more popular, we wonder if new phishing and privacy concerns emerge with new platforms. In this part (Chapter 8), we systematically assess the attack surfaces by measuring sensitive applications on voice assistant systems.
My thesis measures important parts of the complete process of online deception. With deeper understandings of phishing attacks, more complete and effective defense mechanisms can be developed to mitigate attacks in various dimensions.Doctor of Philosophy
In recent years, online deception becomes a major threat to information security. The most common form of online deception starts with a phishing email, then redirects targets to a phishing website where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials. General phishing emails are relatively easy to recognize from both the target's and the defender's perspective. They are usually from strange addresses, the content is usually very general and they come in a large volume. However, Online deception that caused significant consequences is usually spear phishing. Spear-phishing emails come in a very small volume, target a small number of audiences, sometimes impersonate a trusted entity and use very specific content to redirect targets to a phishing website, where the attacker tricks targets sharing their credentials. Sometimes, attackers use domain impersonation techniques to make the phishing website even more convincing. In this thesis, we measure the entire process. Starting from phishing emails, we examine anti-spoofing protocols, analyze email services' policies and warnings towards spoofing emails, and measure the email tracking ecosystem. With phishing websites, we implement a tool to detect domain name impersonation and detect phishing pages using dynamic and static analysis. We also studied credential sharing on phishing websites. We measure what happens after targets share their credentials. Finally, we analyze potential phishing and privacy concerns on new platforms such as Alexa and Google Assistant.
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Albrechtsen, Justin Scott. "Are intuitive responses more accurate at detecting deception than deliberate responses?" To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Taylor, Rachel Janet. "Factors affecting accuracy of detecting deception in experts and lay people". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488228.
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Previous research on the detection of deception has found that experts are generally no more accurate than students or laypeople at detecting deception. Beliefs about the cues to deception generally reflect the emotional hypothesis of deception; i.e. liars are expected to behave nervously. In order to further explore these issues, studies were conducted that reflected three themes. Firstly factors that might affect beliefs about the cues to deception were considered, specifically the roles of stakes and cognitive complexity. A questionnaire was administered to both police officers and students, this asked about believed cues to deception in a specific situation. Stakes were found to affect beliefs about the cues to deception, with high-stake lies believed to be accompanied by "credibility-enhancing" or "credibility-protecting" verbal devices, such as not admitting lack of memory or spontaneously correcting the account. High-stake lies were therefore considered to be attempts to "sell" the deception to the target. The second theme for the research was to explore the relationship between beliefs about the cues to deception and accuracy of detecting deception. This was explored in two studies that each comprised a questionnaire about believed cues to deception and a judgement task. The first study examined the relationship between accuracy of these beliefs and accuracy of detecting deception, however no relationship was found. The second study considered relationships between individual cues and accuracy as well as groups of believed cues and accuracy. No relationships were found at either level. Results were discussed in terms of automaticity of lie detection, with lie detection being considered in a framework of skill acquisition. The final theme of the thesis was that of other factors that could influence accurate detection. Three areas were also explored here - confidence, deception type and interaction. Confidence was not found to relate to accuracy, a finding that was consistent with the previous literature on non-experts, although not with experts where a negative correlation would be predicted. This suggested that expertise may not be a sufficient moderator of this relationship and that some types of training and expertise may be more effective at increasing confidence than others. Differences in accuracy were found according to deception type, with those conditions that could be considered directly familiar being more accurately detected. In the interactive experiments, deception was found to be associated with increased cognitive load, although this finding only applied to verbal behaviours. However, no differences were found between interviewers and judges in terms of accuracy, suggesting that any benefits of being able to ask questions, clarify points and probe inconsistencies might have been outweighed by the cognitive demands imposed on inexperienced interviewers. In the discussion of the thesis, some training implications arising from the research were outlined. These included extensive interviewer training to minimise cognitive load associated with asking questions, accompanied by devices to maximise cognitive load on interviewees and an avoidance of schematic processing of verbal and non-verbal cues.
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Vernham, Zarah. "No safety in numbers : detecting deception using a collective interviewing approach". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/no-safety-in-numbers(1c276255-c8ed-4eff-b2d0-684eacb335c5).html.
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Group interviewing, the topic of investigation in this thesis, has been neglected within the deception detection literature. Chapter 1 introduces the topic, and emphasises the importance of studying collective interviewing (whereby pairs are interviewed simultaneously) in a deception context. Chapter 2 explores the nature of deceit occurring within pairs in a police-style interview setting. Truth-telling pairs had lunch together, whilst lying pairs committed a mock crime. All pairs then had to convince an interviewer they were having lunch together. The interview protocol involved repeated questioning, but no significant differences were found between truth-telling pairs and lying pairs in terms of repetitions, omission errors, commission errors, contradictions, and dominance. The lack of significant findings are discussed with regards to the interview protocol employed. Chapter 3 describes two experiments. The first used an immigration-style interview context, and imposed cognitive load by implementing a forced turn-taking technique. Truth-telling pairs were real couples, whereas lying pairs were friends. All pairs were required to convince an interviewer they were a bona fide couple. Results showed that when forced to turn-take, truth-telling pairs continued on from one another, whereas lying pairs waited and repeated previously said information before continuing. The second experiment, a lie detection study, revealed that the three turn-taking cues improved people’s ability to accurately detect deceit. Chapter 4 is based on the first experiment mentioned in Chapter 3, but applies transactive memory theory to explore whether signs of truthfulness emerge through joint recall. Results showed that truth-telling pairs posed questions and provided cues to one another, handed over remembering responsibility, and finished each other’s sentences more than lying pairs. Chapter 5 discusses a study which applied the verifiability approach to alibi witness scenarios. Truth-telling pairs completed a mission together, whereas lying pairs were separated so that one completed the mission whilst the other committed a mock crime. All pairs then had to convince an investigator, first individually then collectively, that they completed the mission together. Results revealed that truth-telling pairs provided more checkable details demonstrating they were together, whereas lying pairs provided more uncheckable details. Additionally, the collective statements prompted only the truth-telling pairs to provide more checkable details demonstrating they were together. A comparison of the individual and collective statements for memory consistency and distortion showed that liars repeated more uncheckable details whilst truth-tellers omitted and committed more checkable details. Chapter 6 summarises the main findings obtained in this thesis, discusses the theoretical and practical implications, and suggests ideas for future research.
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Zoumpoulaki, Alexia. "Detecting perceptual breakthrough in RSVP with applications in deception detection methodological, behavioural and electrophysiological explorations". Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61386/.
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This thesis explores perceptual breakthrough in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), for deception detection applications. In RSVP, visual stimuli are presented in rapid succession, pushing the perceptual processing system to the limit, allowing only a limited number of stimuli to be processed and en- coded. In this thesis we investigate what type of stimuli capture attention in RSVP, taking advantage of both physiological and behavioural measurements. The main focus of the studies presented here follows up on work that shows that perceptual breakthrough in RSVP can be used as a marker of concealed knowledge in deception detection tests (Fringe P300). The thesis is divided into two research contribution parts. Firstly, we develop methods for analysing Event Related Potential (ERP) data, in order to facilitate assessment of perceptual breakthrough in experiments presented later in this thesis. We focus on reducing false positives while at the same time successfully measuring the underlying effects. We present and evaluate methods for measuring latencies and selecting Regions of Interest (ROIs) through simulations and experimental data. Secondly, we explore perceptual breakthrough in RSVP with applications in deception detection. For that purpose, we conducted two studies. The first study explores incidentally acquired information by recording the P300 ERP component from participants after acting out a mock crime scenario. The main hypothesis was that concealed information is salient to a guilty person, and thus associated stimuli will be involuntary perceived. The second study explores the type of stimuli that capture attention in RSVP, by addressing issues related to encoding and emotional arousal, and whether attention can be directed through contextual priming independent of the main task. These studies increase our understanding of how stimuli are processed in RSVP and can provide useful suggestions for designing more successful ERP and RSVP based, deception detection applications, both in terms of stimulus presentation and data analysis.
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Määttä, Jessica. "Embodied Cognition and Deception : The Influence of Emotional Congruence in Detecting Lies". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6418.
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The influence of facial mimicry and emotional congruence on emotional information processing has previously only been studied in isolation. In the current study their influence on the ability to detect deception will be investigated. In order to recognize the emotional states of others one mimics their emotional facial expression, and being in a congruent emotional state as a person or an emotional message enables faster processing of emotional information. Can emotional congruence between the receiver’s emotional state and a message told affect participants’ ability to detect deception when judging whether a person at a video recording is telling the truth or not? How does emotional congruence affect participants’ speed and confidence when making these judgments? The results showed that participants reported higher confidence but slower response times when making an accurate judgment in the congruent scenario, when compared to the incongruent scenario, but did not perform better than what could be expected by chance in detecting deception. Consequently, emotional congruence had an impact, not on participants’ performance in detecting deception, but only on their meta-cognitive evaluations of their judgments, but confidence rating did not seem to be an indicator of accuracy. In future research the design can be used in order to investigate other potential aspects, such as emotional empathy and other types of emotional congruence, and their influence on the ability to detect deception.
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Gonzalez, Therese. "Avslöjad av ditt kroppsspråk? : Kroppsspråkets betydelse vid bedömning av lögn". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10669.
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Inom yrken som polis tullbevakare och säkerhetskontrollant är det av stor betydelse att kunna avgöra när en person ljuger eller talar sanning. Forskning har visat att personer som arbetar i dessa yrken såväl som studenter, tenderar att basera sin bedömning av lögn på stereotypa uppfattningar. Studiens syfte var att undersöka kroppsspråkets betydelse vid bedömning av lögn. Deltagare var 20 säkerhetskontrollanter, 6 tullbevakare, 31 poliser och 26 personer med övriga yrken varav 42 män. Deltagarna fick svara på en enkät om kroppsspråkets betydelse. Resultatet visar att deltagarna baserar sin bedömning på stereotypa uppfattningar om vad som indikerar lögn. Säkerhetskontrollanterna och tullbevakarna skattade sin egen förmåga att upptäcka en lögn högre än både poliser och övriga yrkesarbetare, och poliser svarade i större utsträckning att de tittade efter tecken utöver kroppsspråket i sin bedömning. Fler studier om vad som verkligen indikerar lögn är nödvändiga för att undvika bedömningar som baseras på stereotypa uppfattningar.
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Mann, Samantha Ann. "Suspects, lies and videotape : an investigation into telling and detecting lies in police/suspect interviews". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369425.
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Twyman, Nathan W. "Automated Human Screening for Detecting Concealed Knowledge". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222874.
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Screening individuals for concealed knowledge has traditionally been the purview of professional interrogators investigating a crime. But the ability to detect when a person is hiding important information would be of high value to many other fields and functions. This dissertation proposes design principles for and reports on an implementation and empirical evaluation of a non-invasive, automated system for human screening. The screening system design (termed an automated screening kiosk or ASK) is patterned after a standard interviewing method called the Concealed Information Test (CIT), which is built on theories explaining psychophysiological and behavioral effects of human orienting and defensive responses. As part of testing the ASK proof of concept, I propose and empirically examine alternative indicators of concealed knowledge in a CIT. Specifically, I propose kinesic rigidity as a viable cue, propose and instantiate an automated method for capturing rigidity, and test its viability using a traditional CIT experiment. I also examine oculomotor behavior using a mock security screening experiment using an ASK system design. Participants in this second experiment packed a fake improvised explosive device (IED) in a bag and were screened by an ASK system. Results indicate that the ASK design, if implemented within a highly controlled framework such as the CIT, has potential to overcome barriers to more widespread application of concealed knowledge testing in government and business settings.
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East, Rebekah Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Happy and gullible, sad and wise? Mood effects on factual and interpersonal skepticism". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24371.
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The primary aim of this research was to examine the influence of temporary mood states on factual and interpersonal skepticism. Based on recent affect-cognition theorising and research on credibility judgment, 7 studies predicted that negative moods increase and positive moods decrease skepticism, because of the information-processing consequences of these affective states. First, three studies examined the influence of mood on factual skepticism toward urban myths and legends (Study 1) and novel and familiar general knowledge claims (Studies 2-3). Contrary to predictions, Study 1 found that sad participants were less skeptical than happy participants towards urban legends, possibly due to the negative valence of the claims. Because the feeling of familiarity has been shown to be an important determinant of truth, Studies 2-3 examined the influence of mood and familiarity on skepticism. Consistent with information processing theories of mood, happy participants were more likely than sad participants to give credence to familiar general knowledge claims (Study 2), even when given explicit feedback about their actual truth or falsity during initial exposure to claims (Study 3). The remainder of this thesis extended these findings to interpersonal judgments. Studies 4-5 found that sad participants were more skeptical of the genuineness of facial expressions of emotion compared to happy participants. Studies 6-7 examined whether sad participants might also show greater lie detection accuracy. In Study 6, happy, sad and neutral-mood participants judged the credibility of targets honestly or deceptively describing their emotional reaction to an affectively-laden film, but no evidence was found of mood induced differences in deception detection accuracy. However, in Study 7, sad participants were more skeptical than happy participants about the veracity of videotaped individuals honestly or deceptively denying their involvement in a mock crime (a theft), and showed greater accuracy at discerning lies from truths. This dissertation contributes to the affect-cognition literature by demonstrating that not only may sad moods lead people to be more skeptical, but they may also confer an advantage at detecting deception. The implications of these findings for everyday credibility judgment and for contemporary theories of affect and cognition are considered.
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Scherbaum, Charles A. "Detecting intentional response distortion on measures of the five-factor model of personality an application of differential person functioning /". Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1071001111.
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Li, Li. "Sex Differences in Deception Detection". Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/261.
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While deception is a common strategy in interpersonal communication, most research on interpersonal deception treats the sex as irrelevant in the ability to detect deceptive messages. This study examines the truth and deception detection ability of both male and female receivers when responding to both true and deceptive messages from both male and female speakers. Results suggest that sex may be an important variable in understanding the interpersonal detection probabilities of truth and of lies. An interaction of variables including speakers’ sex, receivers’ sex, and whether the message is truthful or deceptive is found to relate to detection ability. Both women and men were found to be significantly less accurate than chance in judging the veracity of statements made by men, especially when those statements are lies. On the other hand, both women and men were significantly more accurate than chance in judging the veracity of statements made by women, especially when those statements are truthful. This may suggest that men are better deceivers than women, while women seem more transparent in exhibiting feelings about their messages whether being truthful or deceptive. In recalling real life deceptions discovered previously, women reported that they discovered significantly more lies from female sources than from men they knew. This finding may reflect the previous finding that discovering lies told by women is more likely than is discovering lies told by men.
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Zloteanu, M. "Emotions and deception detection". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1537296/.
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Humans have developed a complex social structure which relies heavily on communication between members. However, not all communication is honest. Distinguishing honest from deceptive information is clearly a useful skills, but individuals do not possess a strong ability to discriminate veracity. As others will not willingly admit they are lying, one must rely on different information to discern veracity. In deception detection, individuals are told to rely on behavioural indices to discriminate lies and truths. A source of such indices are the emotions displayed by another. This thesis focuses on the role that emotions have on the ability to detect deception, exploring the reasons for low judgemental accuracy when individuals focus on emotion information. I aim to demonstrate that emotion recognition does not aid the detection of deception, and can result in decreased accuracy. This is attributed to the biasing relationship of emotion recognition on veracity judgements, stemming from the inability of decoders to separate the authenticity of emotional cues. To support my claims, I will demonstrate the lack of ability of decoders to make rational judgements regarding veracity, even if allowed to pool the knowledge of multiple decoders, and disprove the notion that decoders can utilise emotional cues, both innately and through training, to detect deception. I assert, and find, that decoders are poor at discriminating between genuine and deceptive emotional displays, advocating for a new conceptualisation of emotional cues in veracity judgements. Finally, I illustrate the importance of behavioural information in detecting deception using two approaches aimed at improving the process of separating lies and truths. First, I address the role of situational factors in detecting deception, demonstrating their impact on decoding ability. Lastly, I introduce a new technique for improving accuracy, passive lie detection, utilising body postures that aid decoders in processing behavioural information. The research will conclude suggesting deception detection should focus on improving information processing and accurate classification of emotional information.
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Henson, Jayne R. "Texas hold'em : deception and deception detection in a poker game". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292993.
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This study introduces Texas Hold'em Poker as a research interest and discusses the use of poker in studying interpersonal deception. The first section reviews relevant literature in the study of deception and detection in order to answer: 1) What is the base rate of deceptive attempts for poker players? 2A) What types of tells are exhibited? 2B) What inconsistent nonverbal behavior does each player exhibit? This research also hypothesizes that bluffers will engage in consistent nonverbal behavior in bluffing and non bluffing sets. The second section describes the methods used. A videotaped poker game was recorded and analyzed. Twenty nonverbal behaviors were coded and frequency of behavior was calculated. The third section describes the results of the analysis: base rate, tells, and inconsistencies. Finally, the last section discusses the results, conclusions, limitations, and further avenues of study.Department of Communication Studies
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Gupta, Smita. "Modelling Deception Detection in Text". Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/922.
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Starke, Mary Lynn. "Self-deception and other-deception in personality assessment detection and implications /". Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2006. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1121.
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Connell, Caroline. "Linguistic Cues to Deception". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32465.
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This study replicated a common experiment, the Desert Survival Problem, and attempted to add data to the body of knowledge for deception cues. Participants wrote truthful and deceptive essays arguing why items salvaged from the wreckage were useful for survival. Cues to deception considered here fit into four categories: those caused by a deceiversâ negative emotion, verbal immediacy, those linked to a deceiverâ s attempt to appear truthful, and those resulting from deceiversâ high cognitive load. Cues caused by a deceiverâ s negative emotions were mostly absent in the results, although deceivers did use fewer first-person pronouns than truth tellers. That indicated deceivers were less willing to take ownership of their statements. Cues because of deceiversâ attempts to appear truthful were present. Deceivers used more words and more exact language than truth tellers. That showed an attempt to appear truthful. Deceiversâ language was simpler than that of truth tellers, which indicated a higher cognitive load. Future research should include manipulation checks on motivation and emotion, which are tied to cue display. The type of cue displayed, be it emotional leakage, verbal immediacy, attempts to appear truthful or cognitive load, might be associated with particular deception tasks. Future research, including meta-analyses, should attempt to determine which deception tasks produce which cue type.
Revised file, GMc 5/28/2014 per Dean DePauwMaster of Arts
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Collard, Teresa Y. "Facial nonverbal communication and deception detection /". View online, 1986. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998880495.pdf.
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Strömwall, Leif A. "Deception detection : moderating factors and accuracy /". Göteborg : Göteborg university, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39985519t.
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Vartapetiance, Anna. "Computational approaches for verbal deception detection". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807037/.
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Deception exists in all aspects of life and is particularly evident on the Web. Deception includes child sexual predators grooming victims online, medical news headlines with little medical evidence or scientific rigour, individuals claiming others’ work as their own, and systematic deception of company shareholders and institutional investors leading to corporate collapses. This thesis explores the potential for automatic detection of deception. We investigate the nature of deception and the related cues, focusing in particular on Verbal Cues, and concluding that they cannot be readily generalised. We demonstrate how deception-specific features, based on sound hypotheses, can overcome related limitations by presenting approaches for three different examples of deception – namely Child Sexual Predator Detection (SPD), Authorship Identification (AI) and Intrinsic Plagiarism Detection (IPD). We further show how our approaches result in competitive levels of reliability. For SPD we develop our approach largely based on the commonality of requests for key personal information. To address AI, we introduce approaches based on a frequency-mean-variance and a frequency-only framework in order to detect strong associations between co-occurring patterns of a limited number of stopwords. Our IPD approaches are based on simple commonality of words at document level and usage of proper nouns; document sections lacking commonality can be identified as plagiarised. The frameworks of the International Workshop on Uncovering Plagiarism, Authorship, and Social Software Misuse (PAN) competitions provided an independent evaluation of the approaches. The SPD approach obtained an F1 score of 0.48. F1 scores of 0.47, 0.53 and 0.57 were achieved in AI tasks for PAN2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. IPD yielded an overall accuracy of 91%. Through post-competition adaptations we also show how to improve the approaches and the scores and demonstrate the importance of suitable datasets and how most approaches are not easily transferable between various types of deception.
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Merritts, Richard Alan. "Online Deception Detection Using BDI Agents". NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/244.
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This research has two facets within separate research areas. The research area of Belief, Desire and Intention (BDI) agent capability development was extended. Deception detection research has been advanced with the development of automation using BDI agents. BDI agents performed tasks automatically and autonomously. This study used these characteristics to automate deception detection with limited intervention of human users. This was a useful research area resulting in a capability general enough to have practical application by private individuals, investigators, organizations and others. The need for this research is grounded in the fact that humans are not very effective at detecting deception whether in written or spoken form. This research extends the deception detection capability research in that typical deception detection tools are labor intensive and require extraction of the text in question following ingestion into a deception detection tool. A neural network capability module was incorporated to lend the resulting prototype Machine Learning attributes.
The prototype developed as a result of this research was able to classify online data as either "deceptive" or "not deceptive" with 85% accuracy. The false discovery rate for "deceptive" online data entries was 20% while the false discovery rate for "not deceptive" was 10%. The system showed stability during test runs. No computer crashes or other anomalous system behavior were observed during the testing phase. The prototype successfully interacted with an online data communications server database and processed data using Neural Network input vector generation algorithms within seconds
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Patterson, Terri. "The Effect of Cognitive Load on Deception". FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/121.
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The current study applied classic cognitive capacity models to examine the effect of cognitive load on deception. The study also examined whether the manipulation of cognitive load would result in the magnification of differences between liars and truth-tellers. In the first study, 87 participants engaged in videotaped interviews while being either deceptive or truthful about a target event. Some participants engaged in a concurrent secondary task while being interviewed. Performance on the secondary task was measured. As expected, truth tellers performed better on secondary task items than liars as evidenced by higher accuracy rates. These results confirm the long held assumption that being deceptive is more cognitively demanding than being truthful. In the second part of the study, the videotaped interviews of both liars and truth-tellers were shown to 69 observers. After watching the interviews, observers were asked to make a veracity judgment for each participant. Observers made more accurate veracity judgments when viewing participants who engaged in a concurrent secondary task than when viewing those who did not. Observers also indicated that participants who engaged in a concurrent secondary task appeared to think harder than participants who did not. This study provides evidence that engaging in deception is more cognitively demanding than telling the truth. As hypothesized, having participants engage in a concurrent secondary task led to the magnification of differences between liars and truth tellers. This magnification of differences led to more accurate veracity rates in a second group of observers. The implications for deception detection are discussed.
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Wang, Gang, Hsinchun Chen y Homa Atabakhsh. "Automaticially Detecting Deceptive Criminal Identities". ACM, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106000.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, Univeristy of ArizonaFear about identity verification reached new heights since the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, with national security issues related to detecting identity deception attracting more interest than ever before. Identity deception is an intentional falsification of identity in order to deter investigations. Conventional investigation methods run into difficulty when dealing with criminals who use deceptive or fraudulent identities, as the FBI discovered when trying to determine the true identities of 19 hijackers involved in the attacks. Besides its use in post-event investigation, the ability to validate identity can also be used as a tool to prevent future tragedies. Here, we focus on uncovering patterns of criminal identity deception based on actual criminal records and suggest an algorithmic approach to revealing deceptive identities.
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Severyn, Stacie Noel. "Adapting Linguistic Deception Cues for Malware Detection". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1421025881.
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Bradford, Deborah Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Detection of deception in the confessional context". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31160.
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The ability to successfully distinguish truthful and deceptive messages within forensic contexts is important to preserve the integrity of the legal system. Research has shown that confession evidence is highly persuasive at a trial level and that false confessions leading to wrongful convictions are problematic within the judicial system. Some recent research also suggests that that neither lay observers nor law enforcement professionals are able to successfully distinguish truths and lies in the context of confessions. Therefore, the present safeguards in the judicial system may be inadequate to detect a false confession and prevent subsequent wrongful convictions. The research presented in this thesis was designed to explore the effectiveness of methods of detecting deception within forensically relevant contexts, specifically confessions. Study One examined the impact of presentation modality and the effectiveness of indirect deception measures on credibility assessments of autobiographical accounts depicting truthful and deceptive confessions. The outcome of this study revealed that fact finders were unable to accurately classify truthful and deceptive confessions across presentation modalities and that indirect measures were unsuccessful in this context. In light of these findings, subsequent studies examined the validity of statement content analysis to discern truth from deception within the context of confessions. Study Two assessed evaluations of Criteria-based Content Analysis and the Aberdeen Report Judgment Scales, as applied by untrained observers to discriminate truthful and deceptive confessions. Findings revealed null effects and demonstrated that training in the application of content-based evaluations is an integral element of the valid application of such measures to detecting deception. Studies Three, Four and Five, therefore incorporated a comprehensive training program and focused on the application of a theoretically based method for detecting deception, the Aberdeen Report Judgement Scales, to the analysis of forensically relevant statements describing confessions, alibis and victimisation accounts. Overall, findings revealed some modest evidence for the application of this framework within deceptive contexts, however, account differences as a function of truth status were often rather small and assessments on many dimensions produced null findings. These results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications for discerning truths and lies within forensic contexts.
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Meservy, Thomas Oliver. "Augmenting Human Intellect: Automatic Recognition of Nonverbal Behavior with Application in Deception Detection". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194056.
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Humans have long sought to use technology to augment human abilities and intellect. However, technology is traditionally employed only to create speedier solutions or more-rapid comprehension. A more challenging endeavor is to enable humans with technology to gain additional or enhanced comprehension that may not be possible to acquire otherwise. One such application is the use of technology to augment human abilities in detecting deception using nonverbal cues. Detecting deception is often critical, whether an individual is communicating with a close friend, negotiating a business deal, or screening individuals at a security checkpoint.The detection of deception is a challenging endeavor. A variety of studies have shown that humans have a hard time accurately discriminating deception from truth, and only do so slightly better than chance. Several deception detection methods exist; however, most of these are invasive and require a controlled environment.This dissertation presents a technological approach to detecting deception based on kinesic (i.e., movement-based) and vocalic (i.e., sounds associated with the voice) cues that is firmly grounded in deception theory and past empirical studies. This noninvasive approach overcomes some of the weaknesses of other deception detection methods as it can be used in a natural environment without cooperation from the individual of interest.The automatable approach demonstrates potential for increasing humans' ability to correctly identify those who display behaviors indicative of deception. The approach was evaluated using experimental and field data. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance, linear regression and discriminant function analysis suggest that the use of such a system could augment human abilities in detecting deception by as much as 15-25%. While there are a number of technical challenges that need to be addressed before such a system could be deployed in the field, there are numerous environments where it would be potentially useful.
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Pote, Emma C. "True lies : who can learn to tell?" Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2084.
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Non-verbal cues can provide behavioural signals of deception to observers. Microexpressions
are facial cues that indicate the presence of an emotion being concealed by a
deceiver. During deception, deceivers often attempt to conceal an emotion by masking it
with an expression of another emotion such as a smile. Despite this, micro-expressions
may be leaked during masking to reveal the hidden emotion. Nonetheless, research has
shown that the majority of people recognize the occurrence of deception no better than
could be expected by chance. Micro-expression detection training has been suggested to
improve micro-expression detection skill that is linked to improved deception detection.
The present study examined the effectiveness of the Micro-expression Training Tool
(METT) in improving students’ and police officers’ skills in detecting masking smiles.
The visual attention of trainees and untrained controls was measured via eye tracking
during a pre and post test masking smile detection task. Results revealed that training did
not have an effect on task performance, but practice did alter task performance.
Following practice, all groups showed better detection of true smiles but not for masking
smile detection. Participants’ abilities to identify masked emotions and location of microexpressions
on the face varied as a function of the emotion present, as did their attention
to the relevant regions of the face that contained a micro-expression. These results
suggest that traditional micro-expression training is not sufficient to train observers in
masking smile detection. This result has significant implications for future training
protocols and many professional groups, as masking smiles are often employed during
attempts at deception.
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Furumitsu, Isato. "Laboratory investigations in the psychophysiological detection of deception". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/NQ45780.pdf.
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Asresu, Yohannes. "Defining fake news for algorithmic deception detection purposes". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390393.
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Johansson, Ruben. "The Science of Deception and fMRI Lie-Detection". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9653.
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Deception has long been of interest to humans, but only recently has the neuroscience of deception started. Similarly, lie-detection, as an applied aspect of the study of deception, has long been studied but only with the advent of imaging techniques and the development of the neuroscience of deception has it become possible to develop techniques based on scanningour brains. Currently, both areas suffer from methodological and philosophical problems. As an applied science fMRI lie-detection has greater issues to deal with, specifically legal and ethical issues. Despite interesting results, implicating frontal regions as the neural correlates of deception, the neuroscience of deception need better designs and more study to be able to draw any general inferences. By its nature fMRI lie-detection suffers greatly from this, and additional problems concerning privacy and legality make it seem too early to implement it incourt or anywhere, as stated by many scientists. On the other hand the technology already exists and is likely to be used.
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Skidmore, Kristofer A. y Paul R. Ortiz. "Deception detection process and accuracy: an examination of how U.S. military officers detect deception in the workplace". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44671.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedResearch shows that humans are, on average, only slightly better-than-chance at deception detection. Meta-analysis conducted by Charles Bond and Bella DePaulo in their work Accuracy of Deception Judgments published by Personality and Social Psychology Review in 2006 yields an across-study average accuracy rate of 54%. Although prior research has failed to identify variables that have a large impact on accuracy, a recent set of studies focused on diagnostic utility (strategic questioning) leads us to expect substantial question effects producing levels of accuracy that differ substantially from chance. Recent research advocated for abandoning cue-based deception detection in favor of the idea of diagnostic utility. Specifically, this new line of research provides a basis for specifying the conditions under which questioning of honest and deceptive individuals yields levels of deception detection accuracy that depart substantially in both directions from the usual slightly-better-than-chance results that characterize past attempts. This thesis is a replication of these most recent diagnostic utility studies to determine if the methods are (1) generalizable to a new population and (2) useful in identifying specific questioning strategies relevant to Department of Defense and fraud investigation activities.
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Kun, Boris y Will Whaley. "Deception detection process and accuracy: an examination of how international military officers detect deception in the workplace". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45212.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis replicates recent diagnostic utility studies to determine whether the original methods are (1) generalizable to a new population and (2) useful in identifying specific questioning strategies relevant to international militaries. Previous research shows that people are, on average, only slightly better-than-chance at detecting deception. In 2006, Personality and Social Psychology Review published Accuracy of Deception Judgments in which Charles F. Bond Jr. and Bella DePaulo identified that meta-analysis yields an across-study average accuracy rate of about 54%. New research has shifted from the historical cue-based deception detection paradigm in favor of the idea of diagnostic utility. Specifically, this new line of research provides a basis for demonstrating that the design of specific questions is vital in determining deceptive individuals. Currently, the research conducted thus far provides levels of deception detection accuracy significantly greater than the usual slightly-better-than-chance results that is characterized by historical research. Our findings from quantitative Study 1 demonstrated that international military officer participants detected deception at 70.8% for experts and 63.8% for non-experts. Finally, the authors’ qualitative Study 2 identified that participant’s claim to have utilized third-party information, physical information, and verbal/nonverbal clues most often when detecting deception in previous situations. These findings are in line with historical research.
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Tomash, J. James. "An examination of deception as a conditioned stimulus". Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43105.
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The polygraph, and other methods of lie detection, measure the physiological arousal thought to accompany attempts to deceive. Traditional methods of lie detection, however, have failed to acquire the accuracy and consistency necessary to be relied upon in important applications. The reason for this is that there is not a sufficient understanding of why people exhibit physiological arousal when they are deceptive, and how they come to have these responses. The current thesis explores how classical conditioning can be used to explain the physiological arousal a person has to their own deception, and how this might come about in the normal social conditioning of the individual. Chapters 1 discusses the background of lie detection to this point, current methods in use, and the current understanding of why people exhibit physiological arousal when they are deceptive. Chapter 2 covers some of the technical aspects of the experiments presented in this thesis, such as the experiment programs and environment used. Chapter 3 of the current thesis examined the punishment of verbal behaviors in a person’s past conditioning can cause them to exhibit increased physiological arousal when engaging in that behavior. Chapters 4 and 5 explored the classical conditioning of eyeblink and skin conductance responses to deception and truth-value in a laboratory setting. Chapter 6 further explored the classical conditioning of a skin conductance response to instances of deception regarding an internally consistent context, and the generalization of these conditioned responses to instances of deception that only the subject knew about. In conclusion, the current thesis argued that the responses relied upon by traditional methods of lie detection can be explained using a behavioral explanation based on classical conditioning and past punishment. Classical conditioning, it is argued, can provide a more direct explanation of the responses exhibited, and potentially a powerful tool for improving the responses we rely upon to detect deception.
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Shah, Huma. "Deception-detection and machine intelligence in practical Turing tests". Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/24768/.
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Deception-detection is the crux of Turing’s experiment to examine machine thinking conveyed through a capacity to respond with sustained and satisfactory answers to unrestricted questions put by a human interrogator. However, in 60 years to the month since the publication of Computing Machinery and Intelligence little agreement exists for a canonical format for Turing’s textual game of imitation, deception and machine intelligence. This research raises from the trapped mine of philosophical claims, counter-claims and rebuttals Turing’s own distinct five minutes question-answer imitation game, which he envisioned practicalised in two different ways: a) A two-participant, interrogator-witness viva voce, b) A three-participant, comparison of a machine with a human both questioned simultaneously by a human interrogator. Using Loebner’s 18th Prize for Artificial Intelligence contest, and Colby et al.’s 1972 transcript analysis paradigm, this research practicalised Turing’s imitation game with over 400 human participants and 13 machines across three original experiments. Results show that, at the current state of technology, a deception rate of 8.33% was achieved by machines in 60 human-machine simultaneous comparison tests. Results also show more than 1 in 3 Reviewers succumbed to hidden interlocutor misidentification after reading transcripts from experiment 2. Deception-detection is essential to uncover the increasing number of malfeasant programmes, such as CyberLover, developed to steal identity and financially defraud users in chatrooms across the Internet. Practicalising Turing’s two tests can assist in understanding natural dialogue and mitigate the risk from cybercrime.
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Hatz, Jessica L. "Do deceptive behaviors and lie detection abilities vary as a function of the method used for eliciting lies?" Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445040761&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mertens, Ralf. "The Role of Psychophysiology in Forensic Assessments: Deception Detection, ERPs and Virtual Reality Mock Crime Scenarios". Diss., Tucson, Ariz. : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1470%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Lloyd, Emily Paige. "Black and White Lies: Race-Based Biases in Deception Detection". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438879072.
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ten, Brinke Leanne Marie. "Darwin the detective : behavioural consequences of high-stakes emotional deception". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42105.
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Deception evolved as a fundamental aspect of human social interaction. Although numerous studies have examined behavioural cues to deception, most have involved inconsequential lies and unmotivated liars in a laboratory context. With a novel paradigm, the present dissertation is the most comprehensive study to date of the behavioural consequences of extremely high-stakes, real-life deception relative to comparable real-life sincere displays using three communication channels: speech, body language, and emotional facial expressions. Televised footage of a large international sample of individuals (N = 78) emotionally pleading to the public for the return of a missing relative was meticulously coded frame by frame (30 frames per second, for a total of 98,393 coded frames). About half of the pleaders eventually were convicted of killing the missing person based on overwhelming evidence. Failed attempts to simulate sadness and leakage of happiness revealed deceptive pleaders’ covert emotions, as hypothesized based on observations by Charles Darwin and a contemporary understanding of human facial innervation. Specifically, full contraction of the frontalis (failed attempts to appear sad) muscles and subtle contraction of the zygomatic major (masking smiles) were more commonly identified in the faces of deceptive pleaders. In contrast, prototypical aspects of “grief,” as produced by the corrugator supercilli, and depressor anguli oris muscles were more often contracted in the faces of genuine than deceptive pleaders. In addition, liars used fewer words, but more tentative words than truth-tellers, likely relating to increased cognitive load and psychological distancing. Further, simultaneous attention to each of these cues – tapping emotional arousal, cognitive load, and psychological distancing theories of deceptive behaviour – discriminated 90% of pleaders correctly, supporting the multiple cue approach to deception detection. Findings further reveal the secrets of the human face and contribute to our understanding of human communication more generally.
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Qin, Tiantian. "Identification of Reliable Cues for an Automatic Deception Detection System". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194385.
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An automatic deception detection system (ADDS) is to detect deceptive human behavior with machine extractable evidences (i.e., cues). One of the most prominent challenges for building a ADDS is the availability of reliable cues. This study represents one of the first attempts to address the system's reliability by identifying the set of reliable cues in order to improve the system performance (detection accuracy).This study addresses two critical challenges of existing machine cues, irreproducibility and inconsistency. First, in order to mitigate the irreproducibility, the study introduces a set of machine measurable cues to estimate the commonality of related machine cues. These more reproducible cues are referred to as the macro cues which can be applied for automatic pattern recognition. Second, in order to address the consistency, the study separates cues based on the controllability, and defines the strategic cues as those can easily be manipulated by deceivers during interaction. The strategic cues fluctuate during deception and thus are less consistently reliable as predictors for the ADDS. On the contrary, the nonstrategic cues are more consistent. This study also considers other moderator effects that influencing the ADDS performance: time and the condition of interviewer's immediacy (ERIMD).The macro cues are automatically estimated from the micro cues based on the predefined relational models. The empirical data support the relationship models between macro and micro cues. Results show that macro cues mitigate the irreproducibility problem by reducing the variability in the single cues. However, the results also show that using macro cues as predictors in the discriminant analysis does not perform better than micro cues, and thus imply the needs to adjust weights of important components when constructing the macro cues. In terms of the consistent cues, results show that the nonstrategic cues are relatively more consistent than strategic ones in ADDS performance. Furthermore, the study suggests that particular detection methods must be tailored according to the feature of strategic and nonstrategic cues. The findings have many potential implications. One is to use the macro cues to recognize the dynamic patterns in deceptive behaviors. Specifically, truthtellers increase the certainty, immediacy, and tend to decrease the cognitive load; but deceivers behave the opposite. The other is to rely on the characteristics of strategic cues to manipulate the communication environment to improve the ADDS performance. This concept is also referred to as the Proactive Deception Detection (PDD). In the current study, the interviewer's immediacy is a controllable environment factor for PDD. The high ERIMD increase the system performance because it has higher overhead added to the deceptive behavior to trigger more abnormal cues. In sum, methods and results of this study have multiple impacts in information assurance and human-computer interaction.
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Doscher, Michelle R. "Graphological Analysis: A Potential Psychodiagnostic Investigative Method for Deception Detection". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3090.
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False confessions and unproductive criminal investigations have resulted in misidentification of verbal and nonverbal deceptive cues. Further, the association of deceptive behavioral responses has not been confirmed based upon quantifiable graphological discrepancies. Guided by the 4-factor model for deceptive behavior, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between psycholinguistic cues and graphological spacing discrepancies. Handwriting samples were gathered from a stratified group of college students and law enforcement officers in rural Illinois and Tennessee (n = 113). The research was designed to determine whether graphological spacing discrepancies were evident in left margin indentions, word spacing, and sentence spacing. Two-way analyses of variance by ranks were conducted, combining these spacing discrepancies in a way to maximize the differences between the groups of truthful and deceptive statements. Through multiple regression analyses, the contributing variances were explained, as seen from participants' multiple psychological inventory scores and total spacing variances. Two-way analyses of variance were also conducted with the intent of discovering whether an interaction effect occurred, between deception-induced cognitive load and spontaneous or memory-related influences on graphological traits. Results were confirmed for statistically significant differences between truthful and deceptive sentences, containing spacing variances. Implications for positive social change include fewer false confessions during police investigations and interrogation reports with empirically based findings.
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Jarvis, Randal B. "A pilot study to determine gender differences in the detection of deception". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=525.
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Twitchell, Douglas P. "Automated Analysis Techniques for Online Conversations with Application in Deception Detection". Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1111%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Sahlman, James M. "A comparative analysis of deception detection between blind and sighted individuals". Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2216.
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This study hypothesizes a greater ability by blind subjects in detecting deceptive communication from an audio channel only. Accuracy and confidence levels for the blind were compared with normally sighted undergraduate students' results. All subjects were requested to indicate their perception on several audible cues, including: speech errors, pauses, vocal segregates, response duration, vocal certainty, vocal tension, vocal pleasantness, speaking volume and rate. Subjects also indicated whether they thought the messages on the stimulus tapes were deceptive or truthful.
Stimulus tapes containing deceptive statements were created by inducing a cheating incident. Undergraduate students in a lower-level communication course participated in a dot estimation task where they either performed on their own abilities or cheated with a confederate. Interviews immediately following the procedure resulted in deceptive responses from all subjects induced into cheating.
A discussion of cheating as a methodology is presented in the final chapter.
Results from this study indicate that blind participants tended to be more accurate at detecting deceptive communication than sighted subjects. Although vocal cues were rated similarly by both groups, the greater detection accuracy by the blind suggests sensory compensation may occur as a result of blindness. The final chapter suggests that with better measurement of audible cues used by the blind, future research may discover much about the importance of these deceptive cues.
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Laing, Brent Logan. "The Language and Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Deception". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5524.
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While much research has shown that some linguistic features can indicate a person is lying, this line of research has led to conflicting results. Furthermore, very little research has been done to verify that these supposed linguistic features of deception are universal. In addition, few studies have researched the cross-cultural perceptions of deception, which knowledge could greatly improve the detection of deception across cultures. The current study addresses these gaps in the literature by analyzing and comparing truthful and deceptive discourse of eight native English-speaking Americans and eight non-native English-speaking Ghanaians. The discourse was elicited in one-on-one interviews where each interviewee spontaneously responded to questions about themselves. Later, interviewee responses were judged by 47 native English-speaking Americans and 35 non-native English-speaking Ghanaians. The results showed that Americans and Ghanaians lie differently—Americans' lies were more superfluous and redundant; had more pronoun inconsistencies, adjectives, adverbs, and modal verbs; and had fewer negative emotion words than their truths. Ghanaians' lies, on the other hand, also had more pronoun inconsistencies but had fewer negations than their truths. Furthermore, the groups' baseline speech differed in superfluousness, positive emotion words, word count, and response latency. Regarding detecting deception, Ghanaians were slightly more accurate and significantly more confident in detecting lies than Americans. Both groups were slightly more accurate and confident in judging the veracity of statements within their own cultures. Neither group, however, demonstrated truth- or lie-bias cross-culturally. These results have implications for law enforcement investigators and analysts who can learn the differences between Americans' and Ghanaians' truthful and deceptive speech so as to more accurately detect deception through language. In addition, cross-cultural deception perception research can improve cross-cultural communication and understanding.
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Wang, Gang Alan. "Entity Matching for Intelligent Information Integration". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195089.
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Due to the rapid development of information technologies, especially the network technologies, business activities have never been as integrated as they are now. Business decision making often requires gathering information from different sources. This dissertation focuses on the problem of entity matching, associating corresponding information elements within or across information systems. It is devoted to providing complete and accurate information for business decision making. Three challenges have been identified that may affect entity matching performance: feature selection for entity representative, matching techniques, and searching strategy. This dissertation first provides a theoretical foundation for entity matching by connecting entity matching to the similarity and categorization theories developed in the field of cognitive science. The theories provide guidance for tackling the three challenges identified. First, based on the feature contrast similarity model, we propose a case-study-based methodology that identifies key features that uniquely identify an entity. Second, we propose a record comparison technique and a multi-layer naïve Bayes model that correspond respectively to the deterministic and the probability response selection models defined in the categorization theory. Experiments show that both techniques are effective in linking deceptive criminal identities. However, the probabilistic matching technique is preferable because it uses a semi-supervised learning method, which requires less human intervention during training. Third, based on the prototype access assumption proposed in the categorization theory, we apply an adaptive detection algorithm to entity matching so that efficiency can be greatly improved by the reduced search space. Experiments show that this technique significantly improves matching efficiency without significant accuracy loss. Based on the above findings we developed the Arizona IDMatcher, an identity matching system based on the multi-layer naïve Bayes model and the adaptive detection method. We compare the proposed system against the IBM Identity Resolution tool, a leading commercial product developed using heuristic decision rules. Experiments do not suggest a clear winner, but provide the pros and cons of each system. The Arizona IDMatcher is able to capture more true matches than IBM Identity Resolution (i.e., high recall). On the other hand, the matches identified by IBM Identity Resolution are mostly true matches (i.e., high precision).
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Elkins, Aaron Chaim. "Vocalic Markers of Deception and Cognitive Dissonance for Automated Emotion Detection Systems". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202930.
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This dissertation investigates vocal behavior, measured using standard acoustic and commercial vocal analysis software, as it occurs naturally while lying, experiencing cognitive dissonance, or receiving a security interview conducted by an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA).In study one, vocal analysis software used for credibility assessment was investigated experimentally. Using a repeated measures design, 96 participants lied and told the truth during a multiple question interview. The vocal analysis software's built-in deception classifier performed at the chance level. When the vocal measurements were analyzed independent of the software's interface, the variables FMain (Stress), AVJ (Cognitive Effort), and SOS (Fear) significantly differentiated between truth and deception. Using these measurements, a logistic regression and machine learning algorithms predicted deception with accuracy up to 62.8%. Using standard acoustic measures, vocal pitch and voice quality was predicted by deception and stress.In study two, deceptive vocal and linguistic behaviors were investigated using a direct manipulation of arousal, affect, and cognitive difficulty by inducing cognitive dissonance. Participants (N=52) made verbal counter-attitudinal arguments out loud that were subjected to vocal and linguistic analysis. Participants experiencing cognitive dissonance spoke with higher vocal pitch, response latency, linguistic Quantity, and Certainty and lower Specificity. Linguistic Specificity mediated the dissonance and attitude change. Commercial vocal analysis software revealed that cognitive dissonance induced participants exhibited higher initial levels of Say or Stop (SOS), a measurement of fear.Study three investigated the use of the voice to predict trust. Participants (N=88) received a screening interview from an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) and reported their perceptions of the ECA. A growth model was developed that predicted trust during the interaction using the voice, time, and demographics.In study four, border guards participants were randomly assigned into either the Bomb Maker (N = 16) or Control (N = 13) condition. Participants either did or did not assemble a realistic, but non-operational, improvised explosive device (IED) to smuggle past an ECA security interviewer. Participants in the Bomb Maker condition had 25.34% more variation in their vocal pitch than the control condition participants.This research provides support that the voice is potentially a reliable and valid measurement of emotion and deception suitable for integration into future technologies such as automated security screenings and advanced human-computer interactions.
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Uzuncaova, Engin. "A generic software architecture for deception-based intrusion detection and response systems". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FUzuncaova.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science and M.S. in Software Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.Thesis advisor(s): James Bret Michael, Richard Riehle. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-66). Also available online.
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Minhas, Saliha Z. "A corpus driven computational intelligence framework for deception detection in financial text". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25345.
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Financial fraud rampages onwards seemingly uncontained. The annual cost of fraud in the UK is estimated to be as high as £193bn a year [1] . From a data science perspective and hitherto less explored this thesis demonstrates how the use of linguistic features to drive data mining algorithms can aid in unravelling fraud. To this end, the spotlight is turned on Financial Statement Fraud (FSF), known to be the costliest type of fraud [2]. A new corpus of 6.3 million words is composed of102 annual reports/10-K (narrative sections) from firms formally indicted for FSF juxtaposed with 306 non-fraud firms of similar size and industrial grouping. Differently from other similar studies, this thesis uniquely takes a wide angled view and extracts a range of features of different categories from the corpus. These linguistic correlates of deception are uncovered using a variety of techniques and tools. Corpus linguistics methodology is applied to extract keywords and to examine linguistic structure. N-grams are extracted to draw out collocations. Readability measurement in financial text is advanced through the extraction of new indices that probe the text at a deeper level. Cognitive and perceptual processes are also picked out. Tone, intention and liquidity are gauged using customised word lists. Linguistic ratios are derived from grammatical constructs and word categories. An attempt is also made to determine ‘what’ was said as opposed to ‘how’. Further a new module is developed to condense synonyms into concepts. Lastly frequency counts from keywords unearthed from a previous content analysis study on financial narrative are also used. These features are then used to drive machine learning based classification and clustering algorithms to determine if they aid in discriminating a fraud from a non-fraud firm. The results derived from the battery of models built typically exceed classification accuracy of 70%. The above process is amalgamated into a framework. The process outlined, driven by empirical data demonstrates in a practical way how linguistic analysis could aid in fraud detection and also constitutes a unique contribution made to deception detection studies.
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Koukoura, Angeliki. "Is Telling the Truth a New Index for Deception? : An Electrophysiological Approach". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13895.
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Molinaro, Peter F. "Exoneration or Observation? Examining a Novel Difference Between Liars and Truth Tellers". FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1833.
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Individual cues to deception are subtle and often missed by lay people and law enforcement alike. Linguistic statement analysis remains a potentially useful way of overcoming individual diagnostic limitations (e.g. Criteria based Content Analysis; Steller & Köhnken, 1989; Reality monitoring; Johnson & Raye, 1981; Scientific Content Analysis; Sapir, 1996). Unfortunately many of these procedures are time-consuming, require in-depth training, as well as lack empirical support and/or external validity. The current dissertation develops a novel approach to statement veracity analysis that is simple to learn, easy to administer, theoretically sound, and empirically validated.
Two strategies were proposed for detecting differences between liars' and truth-tellers' statements. Liars were hypothesized to strategically write statements with the goal of self-exoneration. Liars' statements were predicted to contain more first person pronouns and fewer third person pronouns. Truth-tellers were hypothesized to be motivated toward being informative and thus produce statements with fewer first person pronouns and more third person pronouns. Three studies were conducted to test this hypothesis. The first study explored the verbal patterns of exoneration and informativeness focused statements. The second study used a traditional theft paradigm to examine these verbal patterns in guilty liars and innocent truth tellers. In the third study to better match the context of a criminal investigation a cheating paradigm was used in which spontaneous lying was induced and written statements were taken. Support for the first person pronoun hypothesis was found. Limited support was found for the third person pronoun hypothesis. Results, implications, and future directions for the current research are discussed.