Tesis sobre el tema "Descriptions (documents)"
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McAliley, James Hodges. "Development of improved torsional potentials in classical force field descriptions of poly (lactic acid)". Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1252938067/.
Texto completoContains additional supplemental file. Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxxv, 339 p. ; also includes graphics (chiefly col.).
Diemert, Benjamin. "Description sémantique de documents audiovisuels structurés". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2064.
Texto completoOur research deals with audiovisual document modeling as well as knowledge associated with it along its production process. The advent of digital and User-Generated content has induced a greater reuse of document fragments, often in a totally different perspective from their original creation context. An ontology of those fragments could provide through a controlled indexing an autonomous management of their production and reuse, even in mixed production (amateur-professionnal). Ta this end, we have developed a conceptual model which makes it possible to track the evolution of each audiovisual document fragment along its production chain. A core ontology has been created in order to represent the progress of a production project, as well as describe the audiovisual fragment in the way of a shooting script (composition, framing) which also refers to filmed elements such as persons, objects, locations. A semantic script representation enables thus the order of a shooting (specification) from a third party (amateur, professional), but also the description of existing fragments or materials, giving the opportunity to assess the conformity of a shot with its original specification. Our ontology also incorporates a documentation (term, definition, illustration) which allows us to adapt the knowledge expression (a shot specification for instance) depending on a context of access (task, user) and thus eases knowledge exchange between the contributors on the production chain. We have experimented the use of our ontology in software applications, as part of the european project MediaMap, and covering all the production chain (scripting, production, post-indexing, search)
Chauvet, Philippe. "Système d'analyse, reconnaissance et description de documents complexes /". Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35562138m.
Texto completoGoevert, Norbert Fuhr Norbert Lalmas Mounia. "A probabilistic description-oriented approach for categorising Web documents". Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2004. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-04232004-143024/.
Texto completoAlbuquerque, Ana Cristina de [UNESP]. "Catalogação e descrição de documentos fotográficos em bibliotecas e arquivos: uma aproximação comparativa dos códigos AACR2 e ISAD (G)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95536.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A presente pesquisa aborda o documento fotográfico no âmbito de sua descrição em arquivos e bibliotecas. Tem o objetivo de fazer uma possível comparação entre as normas AACR2, utilizadas para a descrição bibliográfica nas bibliotecas e a norma ISAD (G) que, por sua vez, é o conjunto de regras para que seja obtida a descrição arquivística. Para tanto, parte-se do conceito de documento, passando por seu papel nos arquivos e bibliotecas e transitando pela história da fotografia. Inicialmente o objeto é contextualizado para se passar à apresentação das regras do AACR2 e da ISAD (G), até a catalogação eletrônica que é possível através da utilização do formato MARC 21. Desse modo, são descritos alguns dos elementos que o documento fotográfico traz em sua composição e em seu suporte, pois é através de suas diversas características físicas que se encontram parte das peculiaridades que instigam inúmeras discussões a seu respeito. Diante da referida base teórica, uma análise panorâmica das regras expostas durante o trabalho é feita a partir dos modos de representação de cada uma: para a biblioteconomia, sua ficha que materializa o ato da descrição e disponibiliza o item no acervo e, para a arquivologia, seus instrumentos de pesquisa que, da mesma forma, oferecem aos usuários um quadro não só do material como de todo o contexto de seu acervo. Por fim, chega-se a uma aproximação de pontos nas duas normas que merecem atenção e aprofundamento por parte de pesquisadores e de profissionais que lidam com o documento fotográfico. Sob a luz dos princípios arquivísticos e da teoria do tratamento biblioteconômico, reflete-se sobre a descrição de forma geral e nesta quando aplicada a um documento que carrega particularidades e é alvo de debates que repercutem na sua disponibilização para os usuários e em seu estudo de forma geral.
This work boards the photographic document in the scope of its description in archives and libraries. The objective is to make possible the comparison between the AACR2 rules, utilized for bibliographic description in libraries and the ISAD (G) norm, which are the rules to obtain an archivist description. Departing from document concept, passing by his function in archives and libraries and passing by photography history. This is the object context in a first moment, leading to the presentation of AACR2 rules and ISAD (G), until the electronic cataloguing which is possible by the use of MARC 21 format. This way, some elements of photographic document bring in its composition and support is described, because through his various physical characteristics we found part of the particularities that instigate countless discussions about it. In front of the referred theoric basis, a panoramic analysis of the present rules is made following the representation ways for each one: for the librarianship, its cards materialize the description act and make available the item in the collection and, to archival science, its tools of research which, in the same way, offer to the users a view not only of the material but his context in the collection. At last, is reached an approach of points in the two norms worthily attention and a profound study by researchers and professionals working the photographic document. Under archivist's principles and librarian treatment theory, there is a consideration about description in general form and its application in a document with peculiarities and when the document is target of discussions that reflect in availability to the users an its studies generally.
Chaves, Elisa Maria Lopes. "Descrição arquivística de documentos fotográficos em sistemas informatizados". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27163/tde-26022019-170852/.
Texto completoIn archival institutions, images are increasingly accessible through the web. The research analyzes the description of digital photographic documents in this context, whether they are products of physical image scanning, that is, produced in analogical processes, or of digital-born images. It aims to analyze access in virtual environments, through the standardization of the norms of archival description. For this purpose, AtoM was used, software developed by the International Archive Council (CIA), a web-based tool that follows the standards of archival standards such as ISAD(G). In order to complement the specificities of the photographic document, we analyzed the Sepiades tool, developed by the CIA to describe photographic collections, meeting archival standards. Through the analysis of the two tools, carried out through bibliographical and documentary research, we verified that the AtoM is the most suitable tool for the description of the documents. As a result, we generated a framework for describing archival photographic documents based on AtoM, compatible with the parameters of the Sepiades model
SUGIE, Noboru, Qin LUO y Toyohide WATANABE. "Knowledge for Understanding Table-Form Documents". Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15026.
Texto completoMartin, Jean-Pascal. "Description sémiotique de contenus audiovisuels". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112297.
Texto completoThree categories of descriptors are necessary to describe an audiovisual content: objects shown, processes used for film direction, and diegetic relations. The identification of the diegetic relations (those of the space-time continuum of the narration) cannot be automated. The formalisms used by the community exploit semantic descriptors that are difficult to select since they depend on contextual elements interpreted according to sophisticated knowledge. We choose to keep the human in the center of indexation's process. Two kinds of answers are provided. First, we propose a method of semiotic indexing based on the identification and the clarification of the signs that are reified at the time of the analysis. For that, we define the tetrahedral sign as a cognitive representation necessarily made up of one meant and of one meaning and possibly intensional and extensional referents. We define then the process of interpretation as a semiotic rewriting. We propose a formalism for graphs of signs (expressed with RDF+OWL schema integrated as extensions of MPEG-7) to represent the mental activity of interpretation. Second, we recommend a model of operative interaction between the man and the system that makes the reification of interpretation easier. A platform for the construction of graphs of signs based on the multi-agents paradigm allows dynamic and negotiated construction signs. Those signs are expressed according to provided syntax and grammar. Diagrams of interpretation provide to the agents micro-interpretations that may be activated in context
Albuquerque, Ana Cristina de. "Catalogação e descrição de documentos fotográficos em bibliotecas e arquivos : uma aproximação comparativa dos códigos AACR2 e ISAD (G) /". Marília : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95536.
Texto completoBanca: Solange Ferraz de Lima
Banca: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita
Resumo: A presente pesquisa aborda o documento fotográfico no âmbito de sua descrição em arquivos e bibliotecas. Tem o objetivo de fazer uma possível comparação entre as normas AACR2, utilizadas para a descrição bibliográfica nas bibliotecas e a norma ISAD (G) que, por sua vez, é o conjunto de regras para que seja obtida a descrição arquivística. Para tanto, parte-se do conceito de documento, passando por seu papel nos arquivos e bibliotecas e transitando pela história da fotografia. Inicialmente o objeto é contextualizado para se passar à apresentação das regras do AACR2 e da ISAD (G), até a catalogação eletrônica que é possível através da utilização do formato MARC 21. Desse modo, são descritos alguns dos elementos que o documento fotográfico traz em sua composição e em seu suporte, pois é através de suas diversas características físicas que se encontram parte das peculiaridades que instigam inúmeras discussões a seu respeito. Diante da referida base teórica, uma análise panorâmica das regras expostas durante o trabalho é feita a partir dos modos de representação de cada uma: para a biblioteconomia, sua ficha que materializa o ato da descrição e disponibiliza o item no acervo e, para a arquivologia, seus instrumentos de pesquisa que, da mesma forma, oferecem aos usuários um quadro não só do material como de todo o contexto de seu acervo. Por fim, chega-se a uma aproximação de pontos nas duas normas que merecem atenção e aprofundamento por parte de pesquisadores e de profissionais que lidam com o documento fotográfico. Sob a luz dos princípios arquivísticos e da teoria do tratamento biblioteconômico, reflete-se sobre a descrição de forma geral e nesta quando aplicada a um documento que carrega particularidades e é alvo de debates que repercutem na sua disponibilização para os usuários e em seu estudo de forma geral.
Abstract: This work boards the photographic document in the scope of its description in archives and libraries. The objective is to make possible the comparison between the AACR2 rules, utilized for bibliographic description in libraries and the ISAD (G) norm, which are the rules to obtain an archivist description. Departing from document concept, passing by his function in archives and libraries and passing by photography history. This is the object context in a first moment, leading to the presentation of AACR2 rules and ISAD (G), until the electronic cataloguing which is possible by the use of MARC 21 format. This way, some elements of photographic document bring in its composition and support is described, because through his various physical characteristics we found part of the particularities that instigate countless discussions about it. In front of the referred theoric basis, a panoramic analysis of the present rules is made following the representation ways for each one: for the librarianship, its cards materialize the description act and make available the item in the collection and, to archival science, its tools of research which, in the same way, offer to the users a view not only of the material but his context in the collection. At last, is reached an approach of points in the two norms worthily attention and a profound study by researchers and professionals working the photographic document. Under archivist's principles and librarian treatment theory, there is a consideration about description in general form and its application in a document with peculiarities and when the document is target of discussions that reflect in availability to the users an its studies generally.
Mestre
Hall, Martha VanHook. "The Martha Washington Inn, 1830-1893 : a documented history with architectural descriptions /". Thesis, This resource online, 1985. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020302/.
Texto completoRuiloba, Rosario I. "Analyse et description du montage vidéo numérique". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066528.
Texto completoCândido, Gilberto Gomes. "O ato narrativo e a ética na descrição do documento de arquivo /". Marília, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192628.
Texto completoResumo: A Descrição do Documento de Arquivo, como uma das funções de procedimento Arquivístico, é elaborada de modo a permitir a difusão e o acesso aos usuários; tal método procura proporcionar elementos/caracteres do conteúdo formal do documento de forma a se elaborar instrumentos de pesquisa. Assim sendo, a Descrição é um processo de representação dos elementos intrínsecos e extrínsecos ao Documento de Arquivo e deve ser fidedigna. Com isto, objetivou-se conhecer e como ocorrem o Ato Narrativo e a Ética na representação do documento de arquivo, demonstrando que tal ato representativo não é objetivo, mas sim subjetivo advindo de interpretações, de modo a contribuir para discussões e aprofundamento na área de Representação, bem como apresentar subsídios para compreensão da subjetividade sobre o processo de representação por meio da descrição do documento de arquivo, com intuito de descrever os procedimentos metodológicos; reproduzir interlocuções metodológicas e ilustrar a aplicação do processo de descrição sobre os dossiês da Comissão Pastoral da Terra, da CNBB - Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil - Norte 2 com reflexões dos procedimentos metodológicos e filosóficos apresentados. Assim, identificou-se como resultados que os processos descritivos são interpretativos e podem vir a atribuir juízos críticos valorativos e categóricos por meio da visão de mundo do profissional arquivista durante a representação. Dado que o procedimento de descrição aplicado pelo arquivista em sua a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Archive Document description, as one of the Archival Procedure Functions, is elaborated to allow the diffusion and user’s access; this method seeks to provide elements/characters of documents formal contents in order to elaborate research tools. Therefore, description is a representation process of intrinsic and extrinsic of Archive Docmument elements should be trustworthy. With this, it was aimed to know about and how Narrative Act and Ethic occurs in archive document representation, demonstrating that such representative act is not objetive, but subjetive from intepretations, in order to contribute to discussions and deepening of representation area, well with presenting subsidies to subjetive comprehention about de representation process by the archive document descripition, in order to describe methodological procedures; reproduce metodological interlocutions and ilustrate this process application to description about the Comissão Pastoral da Terra dossiers, CNBB – Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil – Norte 2, with reflections about methodological and filosophical procedures presented. Thus, was identified as results that descriptive process are interpretative and may atribute valuable and categorical critical judgments, through archivist professional worldview during the representation. The description procedure applied by the in his professional performance uses cognitive aspects, based on his interpretations, which seeks to identify and extract the elements/... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumen: La representación descriptiva en archivología pasa por algunos procesos de creación de archivos correlacionados con sus funciones, tales como la evaluación y la clasificación, entre otros. En esta investigación, la función explorada fue la descripción del documento de archivo, conciliando teóricamente la práctica del “hacer” y del “cómo hacer”, desde el proceso de descripción hasta la representación del documento de archivo, siguiendo los estándares internacionales de descripción desde la concepción posmoderna. La investigación buscó comprender los aspectos del acto narrativo y la ética sobre el proceso de descripción, con el fin de contribuir a la comprensión de estos aspectos en el proceso. Con esto se enfatizó que los procesos descriptivos son interpretativos y atribuyen juicios críticos, valorativos y categorías fundamentados en la cosmovisión del archivista durante el acto de representación. El procedimiento de descripción aplicado por el archivero en su práctica profesional se apoya en aspectos cognitivos interpretativos, que buscan identificar y extraer los elementos y actores del contenido y el contexto del documento de archivo, de forma confiable. Por lo tanto, la representación surgida del proceso de descripción no es neutral ni objetiva, ya que usa percepciones cognitivas, es decir, es subjetiva. Por lo tanto, el acto narrativo en la descripción puede considerarse como el acto de contar o (re)contar una historia. La ética busca guiar la actuación profesional del ar... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
Doutor
Law-To, Julien. "From genericity to distinctiveness of video content description : application to video copy detection". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0025.
Texto completoMes travaux de thèse portent sur l’indexation et la recherche dans de grandes bases de vidéos. Partant d’une description visuelle de l’image basée sur plusieurs natures de points d’intérêt, notre approche aboutit à une représentation de plus haut niveau, associant descripteurs visuels locaux, leurs trajectoires ainsi qu’une interprétation en termes de comportement de ces descripteurs locaux au sein de la vidéo. Cette méthode permet une description fine de la vidéo tout en réduisant la redondance temporelle qui lui est intrinsèquement liée. Une application cruciale dans la gestion de patrimoines numériques est la traçabilité du catalogue vidéo. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons ViCopT, un système de détection de copie par le contenu. Une validationde sa robustesse et de sa discriminance a été réalisée sur une base de 1000h et a montrée la pertinence de nos choix. Les hautes performances de ViCopT ont été mesurées dans des évaluations comparatives tant au niveau européen qu'international
Soua, Mahmoud. "Extraction hybride et description structurelle de caractères pour une reconnaissance efficace de texte dans les documents hétérogènes scannés : Méthodes et Algorithmes parallèles". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1069/document.
Texto completoThe Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a process that converts text images into editable text documents. Today, these systems are widely used in the dematerialization applications such as mail sorting, bill management, etc. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to propose an OCR system that provides a better compromise between recognition rate and processing speed which allows to give a reliable and a real time documents dematerialization. To ensure its recognition, the text is firstly extracted from the background. Then, it is segmented into disjoint characters that are described based on their structural characteristics. Finally, the characters are recognized when comparing their descriptors with a predefined ones.The text extraction, based on binarization methods remains difficult in heterogeneous and scanned documents with a complex and noisy background where the text may be confused with a textured background or because of the noise. On the other hand, the description of characters, and the extraction of segments, are often complex using calculation of geometricaltransformations, polygon, including a large number of characteristics or gives low discrimination if the characteristics of the selected type are sensitive to variation of scale, style, etc. For this, we adapt our algorithms to the type of heterogeneous and scanned documents. We also provide a high discriminatiobn between characters that descriptionis based on the study of the structure of the characters according to their horizontal and vertical projections. To ensure real-time processing, we parallelise algorithms developed on the graphics processor (GPU). Our main contributions in our proposed OCR system are as follows:A new binarisation method for heterogeneous and scanned documents including text regions with complex or homogeneous background. In this method, an image analysis process is used followed by a classification of the document areas into images (text with a complex background) and text (text with a homogeneous background). For text regions is performed text extraction using a hybrid method based on classification algorithm Kmeans (CHK) that we have developed for this aim. This method combines local and global approaches. It improves the quality of separation text/background, while minimizing the amount of distortion for text extraction from the scanned document and noisy because of the process of digitization. The image areas are improved with Gamma Correction (CG) before applying HBK. According to our experiment, our text extraction method gives 98% of character recognition rate on heterogeneous scanned documents.A Unified Character Descriptor based on the study of the character structure. It employs a sufficient number of characteristics resulting from the unification of the descriptors of the horizontal and vertical projection of the characters for efficient discrimination. The advantage of this descriptor is both on its high performance and its simple computation. It supports the recognition of alphanumeric and multiscale characters. The proposed descriptor provides a character recognition 100% for a given Face-type and Font-size.Parallelization of the proposed character recognition system. The GPU graphics processor has been used as a platform of parallelization. Flexible and powerful, this architecture provides an effective solution for accelerating intensive image processing algorithms. Our implementation, combines coarse/fine-grained parallelization strategies to speed up the steps of the OCR chain. In addition, the CPU-GPU communication overheads are avoided and a good memory management is assured. The effectiveness of our implementation is validated through extensive experiments
Monger, David M. "The human factors aspects of interactive document image description for OCR of handwritten forms". Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238747.
Texto completoKabak, Yildiray. "Semantic Interoperability Of The Un/cefact Ccts Based Electronic Business Document Standards". Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610689/index.pdf.
Texto completoBrooks, H. M. "An intelligent interface for document retrieval systems : Developing the problem description and retrieval strategy components". Thesis, City University London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373324.
Texto completoDjafer-Cherif, Ilyas. "Descriptions continues et stochastiques de la matière active". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS216/document.
Texto completoThis thesis purpose is to study simple "self-propelled" agents models: they are able to generate motion by consumming energy comming from their environment, without external forcing. Two models of that kind have been studied:-In the first part a Vicsek-style model has been studied, that is we particles are modeled by a couple (position,velocity) which evolution is dictated by simple rules of alignment and self-propulsion at constant speed. Here the alignment is nematic particles align along their long axis and alignment is not polar, contrarily to a polar alignment particles don't discriminate between head and tail . Compared to previous models of this type, the first novelty is the introduction of a pseudo-repulsion (in the Vicsek-spirit, modelized by a torque-like term) providing spatial extension to these particles. The second addition is a flipping rate which renders the persistence time of the direction of self-propulsion. In this part we describe several phase diagrams of this new model which show new phases not previously classified: arches but also "smectic" bands, some propreties of these structures have been measured. Hydrodynamic equations from the "Boltzmann-Ginzburg-Landau" method have been also developped, comparisons are performed: the hydrodynamic model recovers most phases and some of their propreties.-In the second part we study Neisseria Meningitidis, a bacteria which particularity is to generate pili: filamentous structures several micrometers long. By depolymerizing these structures at constant speed (~1µm/s), it is able to generate gigantic forces for the living word (~ 100pN). This bacteria has a tendancy to form spherical aggregates, showing all propreties of a liquid, in order to colonize the host organism. Viscosity and surface tension measure of these aggregates have shown the crucial role of the pili number. Using these data we've built a microscopic model which particularity is the presence of a stochastically attractive potential, that is to say that particles are transiting between an attractive state and a diffusive one. This part relates the model evolution in time. We've ben able to reproduce some aggregate propreties, in particular we've highlighted a variation of the diffusion between aggregate center and edges which fits experimental data
Troncy, Raphaël. "Formalisation des connaissances documentaires et des connaissances conceptuelles à l'aide d'ontologies : application à la description de documents audiovisuels". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005263.
Texto completoZavoni, Ntondo. "Eléments de description du ngangela". Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/zavoni_n.
Texto completoThis study deals with the structure of ngangela, Bantu language (k b12), spoken in Kuvango (South-eastern of Angola). In the first chapter, it studies the phonological units at segmental level of the language and examines briefly the tonal units. It analyses also the segmental morph phonological units. The second chapter is devoted to the morphemic study of the constitutive of the noun, the verb, the adjective and the determiners. The third chapter deals with the syntactic features of the language, particularly the determination mechanism and the way it works. It also presents the basic sentence structure of he language, the predication (both nominal and verbal), the topicalization and focalisation processes and the specific kind of passive construction (pseudo-passive construction) in the language
Bassene, Alain-Christian. "Description du Joola Banjal (Sénégal)". Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/bassene_ac.
Texto completoThis dissertation presents a general description, as complete as possible, of Jóola Banjal, an Atlantic language spoken by almost 7,000 speakers in Casamance, in the South-west of Senegal. This description consists of a study of phonology, morphophonology, morphology, and syntax, in a typological and functional approach. Jóola Banjal has two types of vowels according to ±ATR feature and a syllabic structure of form (C)V(C(C)). It is a noun class language in which adjectives, pronouns, demonstratives, interrogatives and verbs agree in class with nouns. This agreement is marked by the prefixation of a class marker to every element in syntactic relation with the noun. The presence of the subject marker is generally obligatory, even when the subject noun is present. The syntactic part of the description is organized along the following topics: non verbal predication, changing valency, encoding location and motion, non-finite verb forms, complex constructions, topicalization, focalization, and interrogation. Generally speaking, Jóola Banjal does not present exceptional typological characteristics with regard to the best-known Atlantic languages. Nevertheless, its study provides information useful for a better knowledge of the Atlantic languages and for comparative studies
Zalamea, Federico. "Chasing individuation : mathematical description of physical systems". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC149/document.
Texto completoThis work is a conceptual analysis of certain recent developments in the mathematical foundations of Classical and Quantum Mechanics which have allowed to formulate both theories in a common language. From the algebraic point of view, the set of observables of a physical system, be it classical or quantum, is described by a Jordan-Lie algebra. From the geometric point of view, the space of states of any system is described by a uniform Poisson space with transition probability. Both these structures are here perceived as formal translations of the fundamental two fold role of properties in Mechanics: they are at the same time quantities and transformations. The question becomes then to understand the precise articulation between these two roles. The analysis will show that Quantum Mechanics canbe thought as distinguishing itself from Classical Mechanics by a compatibility condition between properties-as-quantities and properties-as-transformations. Moreover, this dissertation shows the existence of a tension between a certain ‘abstractway’ of conceiving mathematical structures, used in the practice of mathematical physics, and the necessary capacity to specify particular states or observables. It then becomes important to understand how, within the formalism, one can construct a labelling scheme. The “Chasefor Individuation” is the analysis of diferent mathematical techniques which attempt to overcome this tension. In particular, we discuss how group theory furnishes a partial solution
Rodrigues, Camila Poerschke. "A UFSM NO PROJETO RONDON: ACESSO WEB AO PATRIMÔNIO DOCUMENTAL ARQUIVÍSTICO". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11043.
Texto completoO presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a descrição do fundo documental Coordenação do Campus Avançado de Roraima Projeto Rondon e sua posterior difusão. Esta pesquisa se justifica, pois estes documentos compreendem um período relevante da história institucional, relatando as atividades realizadas pelos alunos e professores participantes durante todo o período de existência do Campus, desde sua implantação, até a completa desativação da unidade. Deste modo, são parte do patrimônio documental da instituição. O estudo foi construído a partir dos objetivos traçados: análise da situação encontrada no que tange ao arranjo e à preservação do conjunto documental; adequação do arranjo documental; descrição do conjunto documental; elaboração de um instrumento de pesquisa, um inventário, com base na Norma Brasileira de Descrição Arquivística e difusão destas informações através do software ICA-AtoM. A pesquisa realizada é de natureza aplicada e de caráter qualitativo. No que tange aos instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram utilizadas a observação e a análise documental, em especial do Projeto de Implantação do Campus Avançado, o Regulamento interno do Campus, além do Regimento Geral da UFSM e outros documentos da Universidade. Após a análise da documentação foi possível propor uma adequação do arranjo. A descrição do conjunto documental foi realizada concomitantemente à elaboração do inventário documental, que é o produto resultante do mestrado profissional e está dividido de acordo com as áreas da NOBRADE que foram utilizadas na descrição da documentação. Por fim, as informações advindas da descrição foram disponibilizadas na web para pesquisa através do software ICA-AtoM. Foram inseridos na ferramenta os dados referentes ao fundo documental, suas séries e respectivas subséries. Deste modo, parte importante do patrimônio documental da UFSM estará sendo preservada e difundida para a sociedade.
Gruhier, Elise. "Spatiotemporal description and modeling of mechanical product and its assembly sequence based on mereotopology : theory, model and approach". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0276/document.
Texto completoThe major goal of this research is to describe product evolution in the three dimensions (i.e. spatial, temporal andspatiotemporal). In the current industrial context, product models are only considered from a purely spatial point ofview during the design stage and from a purely temporal point of view during the assembly stage. The lack of linkbetween product and process leads to misunderstanding in engineering definition and causes wrong designinterpretation. However, the product undergoes changes throughout the design and assembly phases. The dynamicaspect of design activities requires linking both dimensions in order to be able to represent product evolution andhave consistent information. As such, spatiotemporal dimension (i.e. linking space and time) needs to be added andrelationships between product modelling and assembly sequences need to be particularly studied.This PhD thesis in mechanical design draws inspiration from several domains such as mathematics, geographicinformation systems and philosophy. Here the product is considered from a perdurantist point of view. Perdurantismregards the object as being composed of temporal slices and always keeping the same identity whatever changesundergone. Based on this statement, this PhD thesis introduces a novel product-process description so as to ensureproduct architect's and designer's understanding of design intents at the early design stages. In order to achieve thisobjective, a mereotopological theory, enabling the product description as it is perceived in the real world, has beendeveloped and implemented in an ontology model to be formalized.The JANUS theory qualitatively describes product evolution over time in the context of AOD, integrating assemblysequence planning in the early product design stages. The theory enables the formal relationships description ofproduct-process design information and knowledge. The proposed efforts aim at providing a concrete basis fordescribing changes of spatial entities (i.e. product parts) and their relationships over time and space. This regionbasedtheory links together spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal dimensions, therefore leading to a perdurantistphilosophy in product design.Then, PRONOIA2 - a formal ontology based on the previous mereotopological theory - is developed. Assemblyinformation is accessible and exploitable by information management systems and computer-aided X tools in orderto support product architects and designer's activities. Indeed product design information and knowledge as well asthe related assembly sequence require a semantic and logical foundation in order to be managed consistently andprocessed proactively.Based on JANUS theory and PRONOIA2 ontology, the MERCURY approach enables associating spatial information(managed by PDM) and temporal information (managed by MPM) through spatiotemporal mereotopologicalrelationships. Therefore, new entities are managed through PLM, using ontology and hub system, so as to ensureproactive engineering and improve product architects' and designers' understanding of product evolution
Djoupee, Bertille. "Description du ɓaka, une langue oubanguienne du Cameroun". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF034/document.
Texto completoƁaka is an Ubangian language of the Niger-Congo language family. The grammatical description is based on a text corpus that was collected during fieldwork in the department of Haut Nyong in the East Province of Cameroon. The corpus consists of recordings (1h and 36 min) of spontaneous speech, which were annotated in Toolbox, Elan and Praat and then analyzed from a structuralist-functionalist perspective. The thesis is divided into three parts. Part 1 contains the introduction and the phonological analysis. Part 2 is dedicated to defining the word classes. As Ɓaka is a language with little morphology, the following 15 word classes were identified through syntactic criteria: verb, noun, relational noun, personal pronoun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, numeral, predicator, preposition, subordinator, coordinator, interjection, onomatopoeia and modal. For each of these defined word classes, a study of their forms and functions is presented. Part 3 deals with the syntax of Ɓaka, more precisely with the noun phrase, the verb phrase and non-verbal predication, which are the fundamental structuring units of this language. Non-verbal predication encompasses both the use of non-verbal predicators as well as constructions that contain no dedicated predicators and are based on two juxtaposed elements, whose characteristic features are analyzed in detail. Part 3 is also concerned with complex sentences. It examines coordinating and subordinating connectors as well as topicalization and focalization strategies, which reflect hierarchical relations in the sentence. The thesis concludes with a bibliography and an appendix containing three transcribed texts from the corpus
Bouraoui, Zied. "Inconsistency and uncertainty handling in lightweight description logics". Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0408/document.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates the dynamics of beliefs and uncertainty management in DL-Lite, one of the most important lightweight description logics. The first part of the thesis concerns the problem of handling uncertainty in DL-Lite. First, we propose an extension of the main fragments of DL-Lite to deal with the uncertainty associated with axioms using a possibility theory framework without additional extra computational costs. We then study the revision of possibilistic DL-Lite bases when a new piece of information is available. Lastly, we propose a min-based assertional merging operator when assertions of ABox are provided by several sources of information having different levels of priority. The second partof the thesis concerns the problem of inconsistency handling in flat and prioritized DL-Lite knowledge bases. We first propose how to reason from a flat DL-Lite knowledge base, with a multiple ABox, which can be either issued from multiple information sources or resulted from revising DL-Lite knowledge bases. This is done by introducing the notions of modifiers and inference strategies. The combination of modifiers plus inference strategies can be mapped out in order to provide a principled and exhaustive list of techniques for inconsistency management. We then give an approach based on selecting multiple repairs using a cardinality-based criterion, and we identified suitable strategies for handling inconsistencyin the prioritized case. Lastly, we perform a comparative analysis, followed by experimental studies, of the proposed inconsistency handling techniques. A tool for representing and reasoning in possibilistic DL-Lite framework is implemented
Bilen, Melhem. "Description of the human gut microbiota by culturomics". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0177/document.
Texto completoThe human gut microbiota has been correlated in general health and diseases. Thus its description became mandatory to better understand its role and therapeutic potential. However, metagenomics has previously showed to be able to generate a lot of data, of which some are meaningless and constituted the “Dark matter”. Thus, culturomics was developed to complement metagenomics by targeting previously uncultured bacterial species. Using culturomics, we described the human gut microbiota of Pygmy people and succeeded in isolating a significant number of bacterial species out of which 38 were new species. Comparing metagenomics results to culturomics data, we see that only 26% of the isolated species were recovered by metagenomics and that up to 59% of the Operational taxonomic units detected corresponded to new bacterial species isolated by culturomics either in this study or in previous ones
Blanc, Katy. "Description de contenu vidéo : mouvements et élasticité temporelle". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4212/document.
Texto completoVideo recognition gain in performance during the last years, especially due to the improvement in the deep learning performances on images. However the jump in recognition rate on images does not directly impact the recognition rate on videos. This limitation is certainly due to this added dimension, the time, on which a robust description is still hard to extract. The recurrent neural networks introduce temporality but they have a limited memory. State of the art methods for video description usually handle time as a spatial dimension and the combination of video description methods reach the current best accuracies. However the temporal dimension has its own elasticity, different from the spatial dimensions. Indeed, the temporal dimension of a video can be locally deformed: a partial dilatation produces a visual slow down during the video, without changing the understanding, in contrast with a spatial dilatation on an image which will modify the proportions of the shown objects. We can thus expect to improve the video content classification by creating an invariant description to these speed changes. This thesis focus on the question of a robust video description considering the elasticity of the temporal dimension under three different angles. First, we have locally and explicitly described the motion content. Singularities are detected in the optical flow, then tracked along the time axis and organized in chain to describe video part. We have used this description on sport content. Then we have extracted global and implicit description thanks to tensor decompositions. Tensor enables to consider a video as a multi-dimensional data table. The extracted description are evaluated in a classification task. Finally, we have studied speed normalization method thanks to Dynamical Time Warping methods on series. We have showed that this normalization improve the classification rates
Beal, Aurélie. "Description et sélection de données en grande dimension". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4305/document.
Texto completoTechnological progress has now made many experiments (or simulations) possible, along with taking into account a large number of parameters, which result in (very) high-dimensional matrix requiring the development of new tools to assess and visualize the data and, if necessary, to reduce the dimension. The quality of the information provided by all points of a database or an experimental design can be assessed using criteria based on distances that will inform about the uniformity of repartition in a multidimensional space. Among the visualization methods, Curvilinear Component Analysis has the advantage of projecting high-dimensional data in a two-dimensional space with respect to the local topology. This also enables the detection of clusters of points or gaps. The dimensional reduction is based on a judicious selection of subsets of points or variables, via accurate algorithms. The performance of these methods was assessed on case studies of QSAR, spectroscopy and numeric simulation
Skaf, Bariaa. "Variantes graphiques numériques dans le contexte libanais : Description sociolinguistique des pratiques et des représentations". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL006/document.
Texto completoThe digital and multimedia technologies favor, in various sociolinguistic contexts, the emergency of written communication modes presenting linguistic and graphic specificities (Crystal, 2001) that we name, in our research, digital graphic variants (VGN). The electronic written exchanges that we are studying were conducted by writers from different age groups (pre-teens, adolescents, young adults students, and adults from 28 to 63 years old). All these writers mainly use the Lebanese dialect; they transliterate it through the means of Latin graphemes and add numbers to transcribe Arabic phonemes that have no match in this writing system. They enrich their instant multilingual messages by using abbreviations, acronyms, phonetic-based rebuses and many other graphic process that mimic orals. They share the same code, that of written, but their electronic exchanges are conducted in a form that evokes the spontaneous oral, as it has already been shown by Anis (1999). They use different means to compensate the lack of multimodality, which is known to be so relevant for face-to-face interaction.Due to the trilingualism of the Lebanese context, these digital usages are also associated with multilingual practices (Lüdi and Py 2002,) or translanguaging (Garcia, 2009). We also analyze the implications and modalities of contact between Arabic, French and English.In parallel with these formal descriptions, we are provide new descriptions of wide range of contexts and modalities of the use of VGN in the north of Lebanon. This study shows the distribution of VGN and forms of contact in different types of writing such as digital and non-digital messages, private and public, synchronous and asynchronous, formal and informal on Facebook. We complete these exchange analyzes with student writings, done by 13 students attending private and public schools and universities. These last writings show the diffusion of the VGN from the electronic communication towards the paper writings for private use.Our open corpus finally includes different kinds of public writing as signs and menus of restaurants and sidewalk cafes, commercials, screen shots, Lebanese singers' song titles, Lebanese channel television programs, Lebanese textbooks, a novel, press articles and also photos taken in a public garden and in a public school. Our dissertation demonstrates that VGN have gained significant visibility in Lebanese society, becoming, as Henri Boyer (1997) writes, “a linguistic object under the scope of the media”, and that they are now widespread regardless of the media. These VGN testify a mode of vernacular writing recognized and used by the Lebanese society in contexts other than digital. Thus, our survey shows that VGN are no longer limited to adolescents and youth who initially used them, but include all age groups. They are now a means of communication sought to reach a wider audience.We also conducted a questionnaire survey of script writers who provided digital and / or non-digital messages, and teachers and professors from the public and private sectors facing VGN. These questionnaires were supplemented by interviews with 11 writers belonging to different age group. This survey allowed us to study the representations and attitudes of the writers, users or not of the digital tools, users or not VGN. This reveals the importance of the interindividual and situational variation and the ambivalent representations that the Lebanese have of these VGN
Jarrín, Oscar. "Descriptions déterministes de la turbulence dans les équations de Navier-Stokes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE010/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis is devoted to deterministic study of the turbulence in the Navier-Stokes equations. The thesis is divided in four independent chapters.The first chapter involves a rigorous discussion about the energy's dissipation law, proposed by theory of the turbulence K41, in the deterministic setting of the homogeneous and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, with a stationary external force (the force only depends of the spatial variable) and on the whole space. The energy's dissipation law, also called the Kolmogorov's dissipation law, characterizes the energy's dissipation rate (in the form of heat) of a turbulent fluid and this law was developed by A.N. Kolmogorov in 1941. However, its deduction (which uses mainly tools of statistics) is not fully understood until our days and then an active research area consists in studying this law in the rigorous framework of the Navier-Stokes equations which describe in a mathematical way the fluids motion and in particular the movement of turbulent fluids. In this setting, the purpose of this chapter is to highlight the fact that if we consider the Navier-Stokes equations on the whole space then certain physical quantities, necessary for the study of the Kolmogorov's dissipation law, have no a rigorous definition and then to give a sense to these quantities we suggest to consider the Navier-Stokes equations with an additional damping term. In the framework of these damped equations, we obtain some estimates for the energy's dissipation rate according to the Kolmogorov's dissipation law.In the second chapter we are interested in study the stationary solutions of the damped Navier-Stokes introduced in the previous chapter. These stationary solutions are a particular type of solutions which do not depend of the temporal variable and their study is motivated by the fact that we always consider the Navier-Stokes equations with a stationary external force. In this chapter we study two properties of the stationary solutions: the first property concerns the stability of these solutions where we prove that if we have a control on the external force then all non stationary solution (with depends of both spatial and temporal variables) converges toward a stationary solution. The second property concerns the decay in spatial variable of the stationary solutions. These properties of stationary solutions are a consequence of the damping term introduced in the Navier-Stokes equations.In the third chapter we still study the stationary solutions of Navier-Stokes equations but now we consider the classical equations (without any additional damping term). The purpose of this chapter is to study an other problem related to the deterministic description of the turbulence: the frequency decay of the stationary solutions. Indeed, according to the K41 theory, if the fluid is in a laminar setting then the stationary solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations must exhibit a exponential frequency decay which starts at lows frequencies. But, if the fluid is in a turbulent setting then this exponential frequency decay must be observed only at highs frequencies. In this chapter, using some Fourier analysis tools, we give a precise description of this exponential frequency decay in the laminar and in the turbulent setting.In the fourth and last chapter we return to the stationary solutions of the classical Navier-Stokes equations and we study the uniqueness of these solutions in the particular case without any external force. Following some ideas of G. Seregin, we study the uniqueness of these solutions first in the framework of Lebesgue spaces of and then in the a general framework of Morrey spaces
Jebali, Fatma. "Formal framework for modelling and verifying globally asynchronous locally synchronous systems". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM036/document.
Texto completoA GALS (Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous) system consists of several synchronouscomponents that evolve concurrently, each with its own pace, and communicatealtogether asynchronously. This thesis proposes a formal modelling and verificationframework dedicated to GALS systems, with a focus on the asynchronous behaviour.As a cornerstone of our framework, we have designed a formal language, named GRL(GALS Representation Language). GRL enables the behavioural specification of synchronouscomponents, asynchronous communication, and constraints involving bothcomponent paces and the data carried by component inputs. To analyse GRL specifications,we took advantage of the CADP software toolbox for the verification of asynchronousconcurrent processes, using state space exploration techniques. For this purpose,we defined a translation from GRL to the LNT specification language supportedby CADP. The translation was implemented by a tool named GRL2LNT, thus enablingstate spaces to be automatically derived from GRL specifications.To enable the formal verification of GRL specifications, we designed a property specificationlanguage, named muGRL, which is interpreted on GRL state spaces. The muGRLlanguage is based on a set of patterns capturing properties of concurrent and GALSsystems, which reduces the complexity of using full-fledged temporal logics. The semanticsof muGRL are defined by a translation into the MCL temporal logic supported byCADP. Finally, we illustrated how GRL, muGRL, and CADP can be applied to modeland verify concrete GALS applications, including industrial case-studies
Iwaza, Lana. "Joint Source-Network Coding & Decoding". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112048/document.
Texto completoWhile network data transmission was traditionally accomplished via routing, network coding (NC) broke this rule by allowing network nodes to perform linear combinations of the upcoming data packets. Network operations are performed in a specific Galois field of fixed size q. Decoding only involves a Gaussian elimination with the received network-coded packets. However, in practical wireless environments, NC might be susceptible to transmission errors caused by noise, fading, or interference. This drawback is quite problematic for real-time applications, such as multimediacontent delivery, where timing constraints may lead to the reception of an insufficient number of packets and consequently to difficulties in decoding the transmitted sources. At best, some packets can be recovered, while in the worst case, the receiver is unable to recover any of the transmitted packets.In this thesis, we propose joint source-network coding and decoding schemes in the purpose of providing an approximate reconstruction of the source in situations where perfect decoding is not possible. The main motivation comes from the fact that source redundancy can be exploited at the decoder in order to estimate the transmitted packets, even when some of them are missing. The redundancy can be either natural, i.e, already existing, or artificial, i.e, externally introduced.Regarding artificial redundancy, we choose multiple description coding (MDC) as a way of introducing structured correlation among uncorrelated packets. By combining MDC and NC, we aim to ensure a reconstruction quality that improves gradually with the number of received network-coded packets. We consider two different approaches for generating descriptions. The first technique consists in generating multiple descriptions via a real-valued frame expansion applied at the source before quantization. Data recovery is then achieved via the solution of a mixed integerlinear problem. The second technique uses a correlating transform in some Galois field in order to generate descriptions, and decoding involves a simple Gaussian elimination. Such schemes are particularly interesting for multimedia contents delivery, such as video streaming, where quality increases with the number of received descriptions.Another application of such schemes would be multicasting or broadcasting data towards mobile terminals experiencing different channel conditions. The channel is modeled as a binary symmetric channel (BSC) and we study the effect on the decoding quality for both proposed schemes. Performance comparison with a traditional NC scheme is also provided.Concerning natural redundancy, a typical scenario would be a wireless sensor network, where geographically distributed sources capture spatially correlated measures. We propose a scheme that aims at exploiting this spatial redundancy, and provide an estimation of the transmitted measurement samples via the solution of an integer quadratic problem. The obtained reconstruction quality is compared with the one provided by a classical NC scheme
Dong, Ngoc Nguyen Thinh. "Révision d'ontologies fondée sur tableaux". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080048/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this PhD thesis is to extend existing ontology revision operators in accordance with the postulates AGM (priority on new knowledge, knowledge coherence and minimal change) for ontologies in SHIQ and propose new algorithms to overcome the disadvantages in these operators.After studying the existing approaches, we have proposed a new tableau algorithm for the revision of ontologies expressed in SHIQ. Together with this new tableau algorithm, we have defined the notion of finite graph models (tree models or forest models) in order to represent a possibly infinite set of models of an ontology in SHIQ. These finite structures equipped with a total pre-order make it possible to determine the semantic difference between two ontologies represented as two sets of models.We have implemented the proposed algorithms in our revision engine OntoRev, by integrating optimization techniques for (i) reducing non-determinisms when applying the tableau algorithm, (ii) optimizing the computation time of the distance between tree models or between forest models, (iii) avoiding the construction of unnecessary forests or trees in the revision. In addition, we examined the possibility of improving the tableau method using an approach for compressing tree models. Finally, we carried out experiments with real-world ontologies which highlighted the difficulty to deal with intrinsic non-deterministic axioms
Le, Naour Nelly. "(D)écrire La Havane : les représentations de la ville dans la littérature cubaine de fiction (XIXe-XXIe siècles)". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0725/document.
Texto completoThe object of this study is to present a diachronic analysis of the descriptions of Havana in Cuban literature. We have defined the city's status as a narrative object among Cuban novels and short stories from the 19th century to the present day. Central to the national literature, the Cuban capital city had gradually been endowed with multiple functions and representations, which vary depending on the aesthetic viewpoints or descriptive stances adopted by different authors. Our project consists not only in analysing the ever-changing physiognomy of this particular urban landscape within the scope of our corpus, but also in drawing bridges between different eras in order to outline the dialectic dynamics which exist between these stories. By paying close attention to the characteristics of literary Havana, we have begun assembling the pieces of a puzzle that is still in the making, thus reflecting the kaleidoscopic image of a city which has become a literary landscape. Used as the frame of reference for a precise geographical and socio-historical reality, the Havana of Cuban fictions also bears a strong and complex symbolic quality. As the object of these writings, it is also a poetic space which, by detaching itself from its actual referent, creates a multiplicity of imaginary urban landscapes
Gourdin, Simon. "Description analytique des phénomènes acoustophorétiques, en solutions et suspensions". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066720/document.
Texto completoThis Ph.D. thesis is on the analytical description of acoustophoretic phenomena, in solutions and suspensions. Acoustophoresis is the creation of an electric field by an acoustic wave.First part is on electrolytic solutions, and it begins by a critical review of literature, from Debye first paper to a recent Ph.D. thesis on the same subject. Hypotheses are carefully selected, and a new model is deduced. This model, using pressure, friction, electric, inertia and corrective force, allows the prediction of acoustophoresis up to 0,3 molar for a simple salt, without any fitting parameter. An extension to solutions with three ionic species is done, and a Fortran program to compute the acoustophoresis as a function of the concentration is given in annex. Extension of the model, in the case of ionic liquid, allows the measurement of the volume of ions. A brief point is done on micellar and colloidal suspensions. A second part is on the application of non-equilibrium thermodynamic, especially Onsager reciprocal relation, to the acoustophoresis of suspensions. Acoustophoresis is shown to be proportional to the electric mobility, which allows the measurement of the latter in dark and concentrated suspensions. A link between acoustophoresis and the creation of acoustic wave by an electric field is also found, and a process to isolate contributions of colloids in real suspensions, with a supporting electrolyte, is proposed
Martinat, Isaac. "Conception d'un langage de description de strutures tabulaires et du système de reconnaissance associé : Application aux tableaux dans les documents d'archives". Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISARA002.
Texto completoANowadays, a mass digitization of documents gives access to a large quantity of documents. To give better access to the information in some of these documents, we focus on the recognition of a structured document class, tables. This dissertation presents a table description language linked to a recognition system This simple and intuitive language enables to describe complex and variable table structures as well as more precise descriptions to allow the analyzer compensate for lacking information, and to better absorb noise. To design this analyzer and the use of information from the descriptions, we propose an internal representation and introduce the concept of final intersections. These intersections help to characterize table structures. To validate our system, we present results on very variable table structures and on over 50,000 old documents
Oteski, Ludomir. "Transition vers le chaos en convection naturelle confinée : descriptions lagrangienne et eulérienne". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112084/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is about the numerical study of an air flow inside a two dimensionally heated cavity. The aspect ratio height/width is set to two. Boundary conditions on horizontal walls are taken as adiabatic. In this case, the base flow consists of a recirculation around the stratified core of the cavity and of boundary layers along the vertical walls. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a spectral direct numerical simulation code under the Boussinesq assumption coupled with a particle tracking scheme based on interpolation. The Rayleigh number, based on the temperature difference is chosen as the control parameter of the system. The transition to chaos in this flow is considered both from the Eulerian and Lagrangian point of view.The Lagrangian point of view considers the mixing of point-wise non-diffusive passive tracers. The study is based on the identification of invariant objects: fixed points, periodic orbits and their stable/unstable manifolds,homoclinic and heteroclinic connections, toroidal trajectories.The mixing of tracers is partial when the flow undergoes the first Hopf bifurcation. The complete mixing of tracers results from a compromise between Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser's tori, which act as barriers to mixing, and homoclinic/heteroclinic tangles which are responsible for the mixing.The statistical study of return times and the homogenisation rate shows regionswhere the dynamics is non-hyperbolic. When the Rayleigh number is increased, mixing is increasingly complete before the flow becomes quasi-periodic in time.The Eulerian description considers the transition to chaos via the numerical identification of attractors and their associated bifurcations when the Rayleigh number is varied. Two main routes are found depending on the symmetries associated with the first two Hopf bifurcations of the system. A total of thirty three different regimes are identified from steady to hyperchaotic, among which two- and three-frequency tori as well as intermittent dynamics. Both quantitative and qualitative bifurcation diagrams are suggested for the system
Mavridou, Evanthia. "Robust image description with laplacian profile and radial Fourier transform". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM065/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we explore a new image description method composed of a multi-scale vector of Laplacians of Gaussians, the Laplacian Profile, and a Radial Fourier Transform. This method captures shape information with different proportions around a point in the image. A Gaussian pyramid of scaled images is used for the extraction of the descriptor vectors. The aim of this new method is to provide image description that can be suitable for diverse applications. Adjustability as well as low computational and memory needs are as important as robustness and discrimination power. We created a method with the ability to capture the image signal efficiently with descriptor vectors of particularly small length compared to the state of the art. Experiments show that despite its small vector length, the new descriptor shows reasonable robustness and discrimination power that are competitive to the state of the art performance.We test our proposed image description method on three different visual tasks. The first task is keypoint matching for images that have undergone image transformations like rotation, scaling, blurring, JPEG compression, changes in viewpoint and changes in light. We show that against other methods from the state of the art, the proposed descriptor performs equivalently with a very small vector length. The second task is on pattern detection. We use the proposed descriptor to create two different Adaboost based detectors for people detection in images. Compared to a similar detector using Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG), the detectors with the proposed method show competitive performance using significantly smaller descriptor vectors. The last task is on reflection symmetry detection in real world images. We introduce a technique that exploits the proposed descriptor for detecting possible symmetry axes for the two reflecting parts of a mirror symmetric pattern. This technique introduces constraints and ideas of how to collect more efficiently the information that is important to identify reflection symmetry in images. With this task we show that the proposed descriptor can be generalized for rather complicated applications. The set of the experiments confirms the qualities of the proposed method of being easily adjustable and requires relatively low computational and storage requirements while remaining robust and discriminative
Brau, Guillaume. "Intégration de l'analyse de propriétés non-fonctionnelles dans l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles pour les systèmes embarqués". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0004/document.
Texto completoThe engineering of embedded systems relies on two complementary activities: modeling on the one hand enables torepresent the system, analysis on the other hand makes it possible to evaluate the various non-functional properties (forexample, temporal properties with the real-time scheduling analysis). This thesis deals with the integration between thesemodels and analyses: how to apply an analysis on a model? How to manage the analysis process? The first part of this thesis presents a comprehensive approach to answer these questions. This approach is based on four application layers: (1) models to represent the system, (2) accessors to extract data from a model, (3) analyses to computeoutput data and/or properties from input data (4) contracts to represent the analysis interfaces and orchestrate the analysisprocess. The second part of this thesis deals with the experimentation of this approach with concrete systems coming fromthe aerospace: a drone, an exploratory robot and a flight management system. We demonstrate that the accessors enable toapply various real-time scheduling analyses on heterogeneous architectural models, for example written with the industrystandard AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language) or the new time-triggered language CPAL (Cyber-PhysicalAction Language). In addition, contracts make it possible to automate complex analysis procedures: which analysis can beapplied on a given model? Which are the analyses that meet a given goal? Are there analyses to be combined? Are thereinterferences between analyses? Etc
Botheron, Pierre. "Approches classique, quantique et bohmienne de la dynamique électronique de systèmes atomiques en champ fort". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14201/document.
Texto completoWe are interested in the electronic dynamic of atomic system under influence of a short and intense laser pulse or induced by impact of positively charged ion. We then proceeds in a deeper comparative study of classical and quantal description of these interactions. On the basis of this study, we developped a self-consistent quantum trajectory method, based on the hydrodynamical formulation of Bohm. This method allow to obtain very precise observable while retaining the illustrative character of classical trajectory method
Taddei, Anais. "Quelle description pour détecter efficacement une personne parmi d'autres ? : approche expérimentale et modélisation socio-cognitive de la description verbale à des fins d’identification judiciaire". Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080043/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the efficiency of suspects’ verbal description to detect himin hit and run or obvious offense contexts. This approach allows agents to know thesuspect’s identity when the officer does not detains any other available evidences.Description is the most commonly applied technique used by professionals in thefield, so it seems necessary to understand its use and impact on suspects’ detection.To achieve this goal, we designed a set of seven studies in order to test the mostefficient description to detect suspects. Our studies revealed that the more physicalclues of the criminal is given in the description, the more it helps officers to narrowsuspects (experiment 1 ). However, unlike theories of visual search, it seems thatadding information about suspect’s portrait does not improve detection ; somephysical descriptors are not useful to detect the target (experiment 2 ) regardlessof their rank order in the description’s list (experiment 3 ). Furthermore, adding"invalid clues" modulates detection depending on their properties (general, facialprimary, facial secondary experiment 4 ). In addition, inserting non-physical cluesin the description list do not necessarily help investigators to ease target detection(experiments 5 and 6 ). Finally, we showed that contextual factors and personalcharacteristics could change the officer’s decision (experiments 7 and 7bis). Ouranalyzes emphasised that the richer or the longer the list might not always be thebetter to reduce the number of suspects. In other words, while the most completeand detailled physicial descriptions help officers to narrow potential suspect’s list,it does not necessarily improve the criminal detection. As our cognitive systemis limited,the indivual must select information by focusing on specific physicaldescriptors thought to be more efficient to find the suspect
Français, Vincent. "Description and simulation of the physics of Resistive Plate Chambers". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC035/document.
Texto completoThe 20th century saw the development of particle physics research field, with the fundationof the famous Standard Model of particle physics. More specifically during the past 70 years numerous particles have been detected and studied. Alongside those discoveries, the experimental means and detectors has greatly evolved. From the simple Gargamel bubble chamber, which lay the first brick to the Standard Model theory, to the nowadays complex detectors such as the LHC. In the development of newer particles detector, one can distinguish two big categories:the solid state detectors et the gaseous detectors. The former encompass detectors suchas Cherenkov and scintillator counters while the later make use of gases as detection medium. The gaseous detectors have also greatly evolved during the past century from theGeiger-Muller tube to the spark or Pestov chambers, which can cope with the increasing detection rate of particles accelerator. The Parallel Plate Avalanche Chamber is a similar gaseous detector but operates in avalanche mode, where the detected signal is producedby a controlled multiplication of electrons in the gas. The aforementioned detectors were operated in spark mode, where the detection is made through a spark discharge in the gas.The avalanche mode allows even greater detection rates at the expense of signal amplitude. In early 80s a new gaseous detector design began to emerge: the Resistive Plate Chambers.This detector has the particularity to operates in spark or avalanche mode depending on its design. Operated in avalanche mode, they present an impressing detection rates at the expense of very small electric signals, requiring dedicated amplification circuitries. Nowadays the Resistive Plate Chambers are widely used in numerous experiments worldwide,because of their interesting performances and relatively small price. Despite their widespread usage, the Resistive Plate Chambers have not been extensively studied from a simulation and modelisation point of view. Simulation of a detectoris an essential tool for its development and construction, as it allows to test a design and predict the performances one may get. In this work we focused on the description of the physics phenomenons occuring during an electronic avalanche inside a Resistive Plate Chambers operated in avalanche mode, in order to properly modelise and simulate them. We review a detailed model of the ionisation process, which is the fundamental event in any gaseous particle detector, alongside theRiegler-Lippmann-Veenhof model for the electronic avalanche. A C++ simulation has been produced in the context of this work and some results are presented
Delmont, Tom. "Description des communautés microbiennes du sol par une approche métagénomique". Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0048/document.
Texto completoMicrobial ecology is beginning to interact with metagenomics and many microbiologists are attracted to metagenomics in the hope of discovering novel relationships between microorganisms and/or confirming that work done on isolates applies to the remaining uncultured members of the different ecosystems. With a growing number of available metagenomic datasets, metagenomes can be intensively mined by microbial ecologists in search of previously undetected correlations (both structural and functional). Here, we provide a preliminary exploration of 77 publically available metagenomes corresponding to DNA samples extracted from oceans, atoll corals, deep oceans, Antarctic aquatic environments, Arctic snows, terrestrial environments (sediments, soils, sludges, microbial fuel cell anode biofilms, acid mine drainage biofilms), polluted air, and animal and human microbiomes (human feces, mouse and chicken cecum, and cow rumen). Results show well-defined environmental specificities that emphasize microbial adaptation and evolution capabilities. Unexpected observations were also made for several ecosystems, thus providing new hypotheses about the life style of their microbial communities. Available metagenomes are a gold mine of underexploited information that could be used to explore specific microbial structural and functional relationships. The statistical analysis provided here depends in part on replicates from the different ecosystems. With the continued emphasis on metagenomic sequencing, future analyses should support rigorous statistical treatment. This preliminary metagenomic decryption could represent a pilot-scale test for a future Earth microbiome global comparison
Ardonne, Eddy. "A conformal field theory description of fractional quantum Hall states". [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/61221.
Texto completoArafailova, Ekaterina. "Functional description of sequence constraints and synthesis of combinatorial objects". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0089/document.
Texto completoContrary to the standard approach consisting in introducing ad hoc constraints and designing dedicated algorithms for handling their combinatorial aspect, this thesis takes another point of view. On the one hand, it focusses on describing a family of sequence constraints in a compositional way by multiple layers of functions. On the other hand, it addresses the combinatorial aspect of both a single constraint and a conjunction of such constraints by synthesising compositional combinatorial objects, namely bounds, linear inequalities, non-linear constraints and finite automata. These objects are obtained in a systematic way and are not instance-specific: they are parameterised by one or several constraints, by the number of variables in a considered sequence of variables, and by the initial domains of the variables. When synthesising such objects we draw full benefit both from the declarative view of such constraints, based on regular expressions, and from the operational view, based on finite transducers and register automata.There are many advantages of synthesising combinatorial objects rather than designing dedicated algorithms: 1) parameterised formulae can be applied in the context of several resolution techniques such as constraint programming or linear programming, whereas algorithms are typically tailored to a specific technique; 2) combinatorial objects can be combined together to provide better performance in practice; 3) finally, the quantities computed by some formulae cannot just be used in an optimisation setting, but also in the context of data mining
Kamil, Mohamed Hassan. "L'afar : description grammaticale d'une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie )". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0008/document.
Texto completoThis grammatical description of Afar is mostly based on fieldwork data collected from a great number of Afar speakers living in Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia. The wealth of data has allowed us to embrace dialectal variations in the description. This description has been built around several components: the phonological and phonetic system, the nominal system, the verbal system, and the syntax.This study leads us to better assess the originality of some features that are already known, and also to bring out other features that were not well known or unknown until now: redefinition of the status of retroflex consonants ; enhanced understanding of semantic and syntactic values of different processes of nominal and verbal derivation ; illustration of the crucial role of the relative clause in a language without adjectives ; detailed study of gender polarity and verb agreement in gender – and not in number – (agreement in the singular with a name marked in the plural) ; differentiation between adverbial names and adverbs on the basis of syntactic criteria ; highlight of the syntactic and semantic significance of four postpositions ; better definition of ideophones from the morphophonological, syntactic and semantic aspects ; highlight of topicalization processes. By shedding new light on Afar within the Cushitic and Afro-Asian family, this thesis aims also to contribute to language typolog*y
Verscheure, Leslie. "Description symbolique d’une arborescence vasculaire : application au réseau vasculaire cérébral". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10090/document.
Texto completoThis thesis describes the methodology and the evaluation of a symbolic description method applied on vascular trees from multimodal 3D images. This work aims to supply a global methodological framework for the analysis of such structures and, more particularly, for the cerebral vascular tree. The clinical application field is neurosurgery and particularly neurosurgery planning. Our method is based on the application of the minimum cost-spanning tree using Dijkstra’s algorithm and seems well appropriate to tubular objects. We skeletonize the structure in two stages: first, we extract the main branch which corresponds to the longest branch of the Dijkstra’s tree, then, we detect iteratively every secondary branch by keeping the branches of the tree which length is superior to a fixed threshold. Since our skeletonization works in an iterative way, we possess local information for each branch. In this way, the symbolic description is facilitated and consists in a partitioning of the skeleton to collect the descriptive characteristics. Algorithms were implemented on the laboratory software platform (ArtiMED) developed in Borland C++ and estimated on digital and clinical data. The evaluation scheme adopts a specific experiment approach consisting in a comparison of the results of a series of 18 rotations of the initial volume
Antipov, Grigory. "Apprentissage profond pour la description sémantique des traits visuels humains". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0071/document.
Texto completoThe recent progress in artificial neural networks (rebranded as deep learning) has significantly boosted the state-of-the-art in numerous domains of computer vision. In this PhD study, we explore how deep learning techniques can help in the analysis of gender and age from a human face. In particular, two complementary problem settings are considered: (1) gender/age prediction from given face images, and (2) synthesis and editing of human faces with the required gender/age attributes.Firstly, we conduct a comprehensive study which results in an empirical formulation of a set of principles for optimal design and training of gender recognition and age estimation Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). As a result, we obtain the state-of-the-art CNNs for gender/age prediction according to the three most popular benchmarks, and win an international competition on apparent age estimation. On a very challenging internal dataset, our best models reach 98.7% of gender classification accuracy and an average age estimation error of 4.26 years.In order to address the problem of synthesis and editing of human faces, we design and train GA-cGAN, the first Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) which can generate synthetic faces of high visual fidelity within required gender and age categories. Moreover, we propose a novel method which allows employing GA-cGAN for gender swapping and aging/rejuvenation without losing the original identity in synthetic faces. Finally, in order to show the practical interest of the designed face editing method, we apply it to improve the accuracy of an off-the-shelf face verification software in a cross-age evaluation scenario
Schumm, Marion. "L’intrigue anthropologique : conceptions, descriptions et narrations de l’homme dans l’œuvre de Hans Blumenberg". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100111/document.
Texto completoFirst appreciated for the contribution made to the ‘Secularisation’ debate, along with its conception of ‘Metaphorology’, the work of Hans Blumenberg represents a complex and original philosophical anthropology, the core reflections of which form the central focus of this dissertation. We begin from a point of questioning whether “anthropology” and “man” are not simply terms used to describe a field of academic practice and it’s topic of study, but rather two distinct issues to be examined. The dominant motive of Blumenberg’s thought is to be found in a critical dialogue with phenomenology, but he is not interested in simply contributing an anthropological ‘chapter’ to the field, rather he works to criticise and seek a total reform of the theses, methodology and implicit principles therein. He similarly refuses to rerun the familiar philosophical debates regarding man, instead questioning the possibility of man, inspired by the German philosophical tradition. This thesis will assess and critically consider this ‘negative’ turn in Blumenberg’s thought. Do his descriptions and narrative conveying the human as a fundamentally lacking being not tend to invoke a ‘promethean’ conception of man, the very assumptions of which they seek to criticise?Through analysis of Blumenberg’s discursive procedures and consideration of his theses, our interpretation intends to demonstrate their sense of ambivalence as well as their considered abundance. Ultimately, what is to be found in the work of this author is a collection of approaches to the ‘second nature’ of man which together describe the unease inherent in the cultural condition, as well as the intermittencies of the subject