Bibliografías temáticas / Delegation to the United Nations Conference on International Organization

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Delegation to the United Nations Conference on International Organization"

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Publicado: 25 de julio de 2024

Última modificación: 26 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Delegation to the United Nations Conference on International Organization"

Yablokov, Boris. "Establishing of UNCTAD in 1964 and the Logic of the Cold War: Economic Diplomacy of the GDR in the Struggle for International Recognition". ISTORIYA 13, n.º 10 (120) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017647-0.

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This article is dedicated to the problem of preparation and participation of the socialist countries in the first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), held in Geneva from March 23 to June 16, 1964. On the basis of the documents of the Russian State Economy Archive (RGAE) being introduced into science the author shows the importance the Soviet leadership attached to economic diplomacy, actively using for its realization the CMEA mechanisms. The practical embodiment of this was the solidarity position at the conference of socialist countries, prepared through the decisions of the II meeting of the Executive Committee of the CMEA in 1962 and aimed to establish a new international trade organization (ITO), one of the founding principles of which was to be universal membership. Unlike the FRG, which at that time was a member of the specialized organizations of the UN and thus had the right to participate fully in the 1964 conference, the GDR could only rely on collective forms of representation, above all as a member of the CMEA delegation. Thus, the solidarity-based struggle of socialist countries for international legal recognition of the GDR at the UN level, including through international economic organizations such as UNCTAD, strengthened the international status of CMEA, which sought to turn world trade into a tool for expanding its economic influence, including in the Third World.

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Pearson, Jessica Lynne. "The French Empire Goes to San Francisco". French Politics, Culture & Society 38, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2020): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2020.380203.

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This article explores the French delegation’s approach to debates about colonial oversight and accountability that took place at the Conference on International Organization in San Francisco in 1945, where delegates from fifty nations gathered to draft the United Nations (UN) Charter. Drawing on documents from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the UN, and the American press, it argues that while French officials at home and in the empire were eagerly negotiating a new French Union that would put metropolitan France and the colonies on unprecedently equal footing, French delegates to the San Francisco conference were unwilling to take a stand for these reforms-in-progress. Ultimately, French delegates to the conference lacked confidence that the incipient French Union would stand up to international scrutiny as these delegates worked to establish new international standards for what constituted “self-government.”

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Willetts, Peter. "From Stockholm to Rio and beyond: the impact of the environmental movement on the United Nations consultative arrangements for NGOs". Review of International Studies 22, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1996): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118455.

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No account of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held at Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 and popularly known as the Earth Summit, would be complete without coverage of the activity of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). They generated debate with the government and in the media in many, perhaps most, countries. They took part in the preparatory work, wrote special reports, joined governmental delegations to Rio and ran a large forum in parallel to the official conference. UN officials have described the role of NGOs as having been ‘unprecedented‘, and that is the general view. It is less widely known that NGOs have been influential at UN conferences for decades and that they were in danger of having less access than normal to the Earth Summit. Far from the situation being ‘unprecedented’, the NGOs made such an impact at Rio because the weight of precedents made it impossible to restrict their numbers and their activities.

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Diehl, Paul F. y Michael J. Montgomery. "An Assessment of Simulations on an : International Organization". News for Teachers of Political Science 47 (1985): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900003251.

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Simulation is an increasingly popular pedagogical device; much of the recent literature on the theory and practice of political science instruction attests to this. Probably the most popular simulation device is called model United Nations. In recent articles in Teaching Political Science and NEWS for Teachers of Political Science, William Hazelton and James Jacob have described Model United Nations in glowing terms, focusing on one particular conference and completely ignoring the rest of the 200 or more conferences held annually across the United States.Like Jacob and Hazelton, we recognize the great potential value of United Nations simulations in trying to illuminate the often confusing politics of international organizations. As former participants and directors of these programs, however, we are keenly aware of the shortcomings and difficulties associated with the existing structure of model U.N. programs.

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Zaidi, Waqar H. "‘Aviation Will Either Destroy or Save Our Civilization’: Proposals for the International Control of Aviation, 1920—45". Journal of Contemporary History 46, n.º 1 (enero de 2011): 150–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009410375257.

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Proposals for the internationalization of civil aviation and the formation of an international air force blossomed in Britain, France and the United States between 1920 and 1945. The proposals were promoted by liberal internationalist constituencies in these three countries and reveal an enthusiasm for technocracy and technology within liberal internationalism. Aviation, internationalists argued, was too dangerous and held too much potential to be left in the hands of warring nations. It should instead be controlled by an international organization for the benefit of international peace and prosperity. Proposals were linked to the League of Nations in the interwar period and to the proposed United Nations Organization during the second world war. They were discussed at the 1932 League of Nations Geneva disarmament conference, and in 1944, at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and the Chicago conference on international civil aviation.

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Taylor, Paul, A. J. R. Groom, Erik Jensen, Sally Morphet y Stephen Chan. "The financing of the United Nations". Review of International Studies 14, n.º 4 (octubre de 1988): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113166.

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The reform of the United Nations, and particularly of its budgetary procedures and Secretariat staffing, is a matter of considerable current interest among students and practitioners of international organization. These issues form part of what has for some years now been referred to as the financial crisis at the United Nations. This was the subject of a one-day conference at the United Nations held late last year. What follows is a summary of the discussion at that conference, reproduced here in order to reach a wider audience.

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Church, Jim. "In Larger Freedom: Access to Information and International Government Organization Archives". DttP: Documents to the People 47, n.º 4 (6 de diciembre de 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v47i4.7211.

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In April 2019 at the International Studies Association (ISA) annual conference, I participated in a panel about International Organization Archives and the UN Depository system. There we learned of a report by the Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) of the United Nations titled “Strengthening Policy Research Uptake in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” The report notes that “the research value and visibility of United Nations digital outputs, which are currently residing, unconnected, on numerous United Nations websites and in a plethora of diverse, online databases” presents challenges to researchers. They also recommend that “a principle of open access should operate by default for research products and data published or commissioned by the United Nations. This includes publications, authorship and co-authorship in open access journals or collections.” Per their mission statement, the JIU is the “only independent external oversight body of the United Nations system mandated to conduct evaluations, inspections and investigations system-wide.”

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Sidorov, V. N. y E. V. Sidorova. "UNITED NATIONS ACTION IN THE FIELD OF TRADE FACILITATION". Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), n.º 12 (14 de marzo de 2021): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.76.12.095-110.

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Trade is defined as one of the key enabler of implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. Trade facilitation is important trend of trade in sustainable development, as expected will promote of growth acceleration and international trade and also will enhance economic, ecological and social aspects of sustainable development. In article is offered to consider the main activities of the United Nations in the trade facilitation. In the article it is offered to consider the main activities of the UN in the sphere simplification of procedures of trade The article considers the work of the United Nations in the of trade facilitation field, in particular the work of the United Nations, sustainable development, trade facilitation, International law, United Nations Commission on International Trade law, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific.

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Aikman, Colin. "New Zealand and the origins of of Universal Declaration". Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 29, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v29i1.6052.

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Dr Aikman here provides a personal perspective on the New Zealand's role at the United Nations Conference on International Organisation, held at San Francisco in 1945, and at the time of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at the meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, held in Paris in 1948. Dr Aikman was adviser to the member of the New Zealand delegation who presented the New Zealand case at the Paris meeting of the UN General Assembly in September 1948. The author provides New Zealand's positions on economic and social rights, trade unions, and the right to petition. The author then discusses the adoption of the Declaration, and core conventions which were later adopted. The author concludes with a discussion on the legal status of the Declaration, as well as its Māori translation.

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Arsanjani, Mahnoush H. "The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court". American Journal of International Law 93, n.º 1 (enero de 1999): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997954.

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The United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court (ICC) took place in Rome at the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization from June 15 to July 17, 1998. The participants numbered 160 states, thirty-three intergovernmental organizations and a coalition of 236 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The conference concluded by adopting the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court by a nonrecorded vote of 120 in favor, 7 against and 21 abstentions. The United States elected to indicate publicly that it had voted against the statute. France, the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation supported the statute.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Delegation to the United Nations Conference on International Organization"

Pitkina, Anastasiya. "Vliv mezinárodních organizací na pozici rozvojových zemí v globální ekonomice". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75369.

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The aim of this thesis is to find out how developing countries are involved into the global economy, what are the differences in engagement of different regions, and how international organizations (in particular IMF, WB, WTO and UNCTAD) influence the position of developing countries. The thesis also aims to evaluate conditions and possible developmental strategies, as well as causes of unsuccessful engagement. Further, the critical view on functioning of international organizations is brought. The thesis is divided into two parts; each of them consists of four chapters. The first part as a whole deals with the differentiation among developing countries and ways they are involved into the world economy. The second part shows the role of international institutions in the process of integration of developing countries.

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Pejchalová, Milada. "Jesús Baigorri Jalón - profil, dílo, teorie". Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334375.

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The central focus of this Master's thesis was to provide a concise overview of the academic work of the contemporary Spanish interpreter and interpreting historian, Jesús Baigorri Jalón. We carried out an in-depth analysis of his work, accompanied by the critical reception of his two key publications. In the introductory part of our thesis, we focused on the author's methodology and placement in Spanish and Czech academic contexts. Then, we elaborated a comprehensive, chronological overview of the author's two main monographs and outlined the main topics discussed in Baigorri's studies. We also focused on the author's contribution to the translation and interpreting studies, his research methodology and its potential to serve as an inspiration to Czech researchers.

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Libros sobre el tema "Delegation to the United Nations Conference on International Organization"

United, Nations Conference on International Organization (1945 San Francisco Calif ). Documents of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, San Francisco, 1945. Buffalo, N.Y: W.S. Hein, 1998.

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Gartlan, Jean. At the United Nations: The story of the NCWC/USCC Office for United Nations Affairs, 1946-1972. Baltimore, MD: Gateway Press, 1998.

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Ansari, Javed A. The political economy of international economic organization. Brighton, Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books, 1986.

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Conference on the United Nations of the Next Decade (34th 1999 Adare, Ireland). The Stanley Foundation's Thirty-fourth United Nations of the Next Decade Conference: Global governance--defining the United Nations' leadership role : Adare Manor, Adare, County Limerick, Ireland, June 13-18, 1999. Muscatine, IA: Stanley Foundation, 1999.

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Conference on the United Nations of the Next Decade (34th 1999 Adare, Ireland). Global governance: Defining the United Nations' leadership role : The Stanley Foundation's thirty-fourth United Nations of the Next Decade Conference : Adare Manor, Adare, County Limerick, Ireland, June 13-18, 1999. [Muscatine, Ia.]: The Stanley Foundation, 1999.

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Hudson, W. J. Australia and the new world order: Evatt at San Francisco, 1945. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian Foreign Policy Publications Programme, Dept. of International Relations, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1993.

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United Nations International Conference on Palestine Refugees (2008 Paris, France). United Nations International Conference on Palestine Refugees: Headquarters of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, 29 and 30 April 2008. [New York]: United Nations, Division for Palestinian Rights, 2008.

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Hilderbrand, Robert C. Dumbarton Oaks: The origins of the United Nations and the search for postwar security. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.

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R, May Ernest, Laiou Angeliki E y Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 1944-1994 (1994 : Washington, D.C.), eds. The Dumbarton Oaks conversations and the United Nations, 1944-1994. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1998.

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Qiao, Guanhua. Sheng li yu he ping: Zhan wang Jiujinshan hui yi. [Beijing: Beijing zhong xian tuo fang ke ji fa zhan you xian gong si, 2012.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Delegation to the United Nations Conference on International Organization"

Rawat, Shweta y Sanjay Kumar. "The Feasibility Study of Green Microalgae Assisted Coal Mine Effluent Desalination". En Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022), 255–67. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_25.

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AbstractCarbon-neutral sustainable approaches are highly demanding in the coal energy sector. Coal mine effluent disposal is a severe challenge with crucial concern issues of salinity hazard and heavy metal contamination due to long-duration water and coal interaction. The medium to the high salinity of coal mine effluent leads towards irrigation unsuitability due to the negative impact upon infiltration and permeability of nutrients from the soil to plant. Focusing on the international irrigation water quality standards given by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, most coal mine effluents are considered negatively impacting crops, soil fertility, groundwater, and aquatic life. Therefore, the current study investigates the direct cultivation suitability of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to simultaneously treat coal mine effluent for salinity removal and biomass production. Initially, C. pyrenoidosa culture adaptation in varying concentrations of coal mine effluents (25%–100%) in coal mine effluent, which are collected from two different points of coal mine named as coal mine effluent 1 (CME1) and coal mine effluent 2 (CME2). Evaluating C. pyrenoidosa growth kinetics, it was observed that the doubling time extended from 2.25 days (100% BG-11 as a medium; control) to 4.33 days (100% CME as a medium). Interestingly, the highest value for biomass production was 1.78 ± 0.12 g/ L with 25% CME 1 supplemented with essential growth nutrients; this value lies near 100% BG11 supplemented growth, 1.81 ± 0.05 g/L. In the current study, taking salinity removal as a prime concern, 100% utilization of CME-2 in place of BG-11 medium was very significant for salinity reduction from 4.80 ± 0.50 mS/cm (initial) to 0.98 ± 0.02 mS/cm (final) during 14 days batch growth. In continuation of that, the significant finding was salinity reduction of both samples (50% and 75% sample) to the level of 0.7 mS/ cm, which lies under the FAO guidelines for irrigation. Present findings also revealed an alternative to conventional processes, i.e., thermal and membrane desalination. Microalgae-assisted desalination is a novel, energy-efficient, eco-sustainable, cost-effective, and long-term operational approach. It has good potential to treat medium to sub-optimal salinity of coal mine effluent coupled with high-value biomass production.

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Schabas, William A. "The United Nations Charter". En The International Legal Order's Colour Line, 90—C4N83. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197744475.003.0004.

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Abstract Because of the central role that racism played in Nazi ideology, many viewed the Second World War as a struggle against racial supremacists. The Atlantic Charter, proclaimed by Churchill and Roosevelt, seemed to promise a post-war world order with less discrimination and more autonomy of colonized peoples. There were efforts to include a condemnation of racial discrimination in the Charter of the United Nations. In several places the Charter recognizes a right to equality, including gender equality, but gives no special attention given to racism. Adoption of the Charter was closely followed by anti-racist activists, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was actually represented on the delegation of the United States at the San Francisco Conference.

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"No. 669. Tonga, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization". En United Nations Treaty Series, 310–12. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/90b66c43-en-fr.

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"No. 11943. United Arab Emirates, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations (United Nations Industrial Development Organization". En Treaty Series 2891, 174–76. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/04fd0315-en-fr.

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"ADDRESS TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AT SAN FRANCISCO HARRY S. TRUMAN, APRIL 25, 1945". En Charter of the United Nations, 10–13. Yale University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vksr3.6.

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"No. 12118. Oman, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization)". En Treaty Series 2891, 177–79. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/51980ded-en-fr.

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"No. 12257. Guyana, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization". En Treaty Series 2891, 183–84. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/e4af2879-en-fr.

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"No. 11855. Bahrain, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization". En Treaty Series 2891, 171–73. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/339d25d5-en-fr.

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"No. 12124. Qatar, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization". En Treaty Series 2891, 180–82. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/44b7f466-en-fr.

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"No. 12299. Bhutan, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Labour Organisation, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations, United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization". En Treaty Series 2891, 185–87. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/40831200-en-fr.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Delegation to the United Nations Conference on International Organization"

Abashidze, Aslan. "Is the United Nations Organization an Obstruction in the Changing World?" En 2018 2nd International Conference on Education Science and Economic Management (ICESEM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icesem-18.2018.216.

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Soeiro, Alfredo. "United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDGs) and Health and Safety". En 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005386.

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A system was developed by ISHCCO (International Safety and Health Construction Coordinators Organization) enabling the benchmarking based on technical standards, on international and national criteria. For these reasons the option made was to deduce the quality criteria from the European legislation and from respective national implementations and support these with already established professional and international standards of the European Qualification Framework (EQF). The qualification framework is divided in three criteria for knowledge, skills and attitudes referring to the individual qualifications. In this detailed proposal the existing and accepted criteria from the area of Safety Health Construction Coordinators professionals were examined and compared with the contents of the European Directive 92/57 by institutions, companies, educational and training organizations in Europe and rest of the world. Considering changes brought by UNSDGs to construction sector, ISHCCO prepared a proposal adapting the current IQF (ISHCCO Qualification Framework) to include sustainability concerns about Ethics, Work and Health. Main topics of the proposal addressed mainly the UNSDGs goals 3: Good Health and Well-being, 4: Quality Education, 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions and 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal. The adaptation of competences reflects the needs of SHCC to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to have an effective contribution towards the development of the UNSDGs goals. The proposal also includes the recent implications provoked by the publication of the European Union - JRC "Green Comp Sustainability Competence Framework". Proposal includes suggestions on how these adapted competences can be acquired by active SHCC, by other active HS professionals and by future professionals in terms of training and of education.

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Andaç, Faruk. "UN World Tourism Organization’s Contributions to World Tourism". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00946.

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According to the UN World Tourism Organization’s (UNWTO) rules, this organization’s aim is to promote tourism through economic development, international understanding, peace, security, basic human rights and freedom, and to show respect throughout the world without exception of race, gender or religion. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) was founded in 1924 under the United Nations and it has been continuing its activities in Madrid, Spain since 1970. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) takes all necessary measures with tourism in order to achieve its goals. The UNWTO pays strict attention to the interests of developing countries in the field of tourism. For this reason, the UNWTO has a close relationship in the tourism field with the United Nations’ authorities and specialized institutions. It deals with the tourism problems of all countries and supports their contributions to tourism by international agreements. On the other hand, the UNWTO is cooperating with the United Nations Development Program and tries to contribute to the activities of this program. All countries are expected to be a member of the UNWTO and adopt its principles, because tourism will make it possible for them to increase National Income and Development. Macedonia hasn’t applied to be a member of this organization yet, but it is important to start the attempts immediately.

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Thó Monteiro, Francisco. "UNAMID: A Path Towards Hybrid Peacekeeping?" En 8th Peace and Conflict Resolution Conference [PCRC2021]. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/pcrc.2021.015.

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ABSTRACT In 2007, the United Nations - African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) was established as the first joint peacekeeping operation (PKO) of the United Nations (UN), with the African Union (AU) in Darfur, Sudan, which became known as the first hybrid PKO, bringing together two of the largest international organizations and taking over AMIS (African Union Mission in Sudan). In this paper, we want to understand the purpose of this bilateral relationship, since this hybrid operation opened a window of opportunity for future operations to adopt this typology. Firstly, the responsibility of managing certain conflicts is distributed among other regional organizations, giving them more autonomy and responsibility. Secondly, the “burden” – human and financial – of the UN is somehow eased. To this end, we will gather and process the data relating to the strengths and weaknesses of this PKO typology, with the help of a SWOT analysis, to find clues and bring evidence to light that demonstrate the possibility of this model being replicated in future situations, while respecting the due differences inherent to each mission and each country and region. We concluded that the hybridization of more PKOs could be a reality, albeit dependent on a greater investment by regional organizations in adapting to UN procedures, namely through diverse types of training. In addition, it will always be necessary a prior and careful analysis regarding the implementation of a PKO of this typology, with a concrete and clear definition of the roles of each organization. KEYWORDS: hybrid peacekeeping; United Nations; peacekeeping operations; UNAMID; African Union.

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Inês Pinho, Maria, Sérgio Veludo y Maria Fátima Lambert. "CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A TARGET IN CONFLICT SCENARIOS". En European realities - Power : 5th International Scientific Conference. Academy of Arts and Culture in Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59014/hlzp8057.

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The focus of this paper is on increasing challenges that Europe faces when it comes to the defense and security of cultural heritage under the legal framework developed by the United Nations (UN) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and based on the Hague Convention of 1954. Cultural heritage has been, for a long time and in diverse circumstances, both a strategic war target and a hostage in conflicts such as the Balkan Wars and conflicts in the Middle East, and now in Ukraine. Heritage has been intentionally destroyed or threatened, among others, by sophisticated military technologies such as drones, thermobaric explosive devices and in ultima ratio the nuclear weapons threat, which has had severe psychological and physical effects on the people. The growth of the asymmetrical military conflicts in Europe is observed due to the new technologies of war. How does this make cultural heritage a desirable target? Are there mechanisms created by international organizations to act in defense of heritage in the event of an armed conflict? In order to answer these research questions, the research methodology used in this paper will start with a review of literature about threatening processes in European conflicts, and continue with the collection of data on institutional platforms in order to create the basis for a proposal, an observatory for this theme. The final conclusion is that cultural heritage is in itself powerful, but also deeply symbolic and fragile at the same time. This power becomes an identity enforcer of a nation and can be considered as a morale booster.

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Peka, Nejla. "Guarantee of the Right to Online Education in Exceptional Situations: Case Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic". En Eighth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2022.371.

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Covid-19 came as a challenge in human being life. After the announcement of the state of the world pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization, the government reacted to this situation, undertaking a series of measures considering the general interruption of social and economic activities such as closing schools, the prohibition of mass gatherings in closed or open places, the restriction or prohibition of other movements inside and outside the country, which brought the country into total quarantine for about three months. Among other things, the government also presented an action plan for the prevention and response to Covid-19 in May 2020, which provided three pillars of action: prevention, response, and recovery, to continue providing health services to the entire population. While the government’s response has necessarily been swift in terms of protecting health and guaranteeing the right to life, the pandemic situation brought a new challenge, in terms of children’s well-being and the effective exercise of their rights, especially in the most vulnerable children. In the situation of the global pandemic, international institutions have addressed a series of recommendations and statements for the protection and guarantee of the rights of children and their families. In April 2020, ENOC 2 calls on governments, the European Commission and the Council of Europe to take all appropriate actions to ensure that the rights of all children are guaranteed in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children’s rights and, the comments of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, should be respected during the Covid-19 health care crisis.

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Romanciuc, Gabriela. "Unele aspecte privind implementarea tratatului internațional privind resursele genetice vegetale pentru alimentație și agricultură incluse în raportul național privind conformitatea cu prevederile acestuia". En VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.69.

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The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources (ITPGRFA) was adopted in 2001 during the Thirty-first Session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. It aims to achieve the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits derived from their use to achieve sustainable agriculture. The treaty has implemented a Multilateral System (MLS) of access and benefit sharing, for a list of 64 of some of the most important food and forage crops essential for food security. Republic of Moldova has ratified the ITPGRFA in 2001, based on Law nr. 94 of 14-05-2015 on the accession of the Republic of Moldova to the ITPGRFA. In order to put in evidence the weaknesses and strengths of ITPGRFA imple-mentation at national level, the country report on compliance – ITPGRFA was developed.

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İzgi, Mehmet Tevfik, Faig Mammadov y Oğuzhan Özçelebi. "The Impact of Agricultural Price Inflation on Food Security: An Analysis of Countries Surrounding the Black Sea". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02806.

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This article examines the impact of inflation in agricultural prices on food security in the countries surrounding the Black Sea, including Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey, and Ukraine. Concerns about inflation in agricultural prices and food security have increased globally in recent years, especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which has resulted in problems with agricultural production and logistical constraints, leading to increased food prices worldwide. This study analyzes the impact of agricultural price inflation on food security in the aforementioned countries. The analysis uses the "producer price index" of agricultural products, such as corn, beans, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, and wheat, published by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to measure inflation, and "per capita food supply variability" to assess food security. The study examines the complex effects of agricultural product inflation on food security with the help of panel vector error correction model.

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Ghosh, Soumitra, Asif Ekbal y Pushpak Bhattacharyya. "Am I No Good? Towards Detecting Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness from Suicide Notes". En Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/704.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the importance of significantly accelerating suicide prevention efforts to fulfill the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) objective of 2030. In this paper, we present an end-to-end multitask system to address a novel task of detection of two interpersonal risk factors of suicide, Perceived Burdensomeness (PB) and Thwarted Belongingness (TB) from suicide notes. We also introduce a manually translated code-mixed suicide notes corpus, CoMCEASE-v2.0, based on the benchmark CEASE-v2.0 dataset, annotated with temporal orientation, PB and TB labels. We exploit the temporal orientation and emotion information in the suicide notes to boost overall performance. For comprehensive evaluation of our proposed method, we compare it to several state-of-the-art approaches on the existing CEASE-v2.0 dataset and the newly announced CoMCEASE-v2.0 dataset. Empirical evaluation suggests that temporal and emotional information can substantially improve the detection of PB and TB.

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Roskosa, Antra y Yulia Stukalina. "Exploring Students’ Perception of Gender Diversity: Implications for Diversity Management at a University". En 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.004.

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The increasing role of diversity management in educational settings is a response to numerous social challenges that modern universities encounter. The diversity management training linked with promoting social sustainability is crucial in the context of accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations Organization. The aim of the paper is to explore students’ perception of gender diversity for mapping their attitudes to diversity and identify main barriers for accepting diversity. It is important for creating advanced teaching strategies, which can be successfully used to build the learning environment that is safe, inclusive and unbiased. In the context of diversity management, it would help the university (students/teaching staff/administration/other employees) avoid the conflicts caused by gender diversity/equality. The main research method includes a survey based on an original questionnaire developed on the basis of students’ essays. The results of the study demonstrate that students’ views on gender diversity/equality are quite sensitive and can be many-sided. This fact is of a high importance for universities to be considered for promoting the democratic processes there

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